敘述者：從第一次世界大戰的一開始 NARRATOR: From the start of the First World War,
德國就抓住了英國的最大弱點 Germany seized on Britain's greatest weakness:
一個龐大的帝國，很難防守，損失是注定的 a vast empire, hard to defend, fatal to lose.
英國人為了保護其帝國可能會傾盡一切作為賭注 The gamble was that Britain might risk everything to protect it
甚至是西線的勝利 even victory on the Western Front.
爭奪歐洲的戰爭即意味著世界的戰爭 War for Europe meant war for the world.
德國的計劃是將戰火燒至歐洲以外 It was Germany's idea to take the war beyond Europe,
但這不是為了擴張，更不是為了稱霸世界 but it wasn't a bid for expansion, let alone world domination.
攻擊英帝國各處的目的是為了給在歐洲的英軍施加壓力 The aim was to take the pressure off her armies in Europe by attacking the British Empire,
希望其會分散軍隊、艦隻、資源去捍衛遙遠的殖民地 hoping to divert Britain's troops, ships and resources to defend distant colonies.
英國並不謀求再擴張帝國 Britain also had no thought of a bigger empire.
她只是不想失去任何一個屬國 She just didn't want to lose the one she had.
因此，當德國希望將戰火燒至全球時 So while Germany wanted to open the war up around the globe,
英國則不顧一切的到處做消防員 Britain was desperate to close it down.
Maurice Hankey是英國國防委員會大臣 Maurice Hankey, Secretary of the Committee of Imperial Defence,
認識到：英帝國的各個屬國是其致命的弱點 realised the Empire was Britain's Achilles heel,
並警告說要：要當心德國人利用這點來牽制英國 and warned against letting Germany use it to distract Britain from her war effort.
軍隊力量決不能為了些小目標而分散使用 Forces must not be diverted to minor operations
因為這會危害到重要目標和貿易線路的安全保障 to the prejudice of the concentration in the main theatre and the safety of the trade routes
15年前，德國就已經宣佈要建立一個自己的殖民帝國 15 years before, Germany had proclaimed herself an empire-builder.
凱撒統治下進入20世紀的德國 The Kaiser had taken his country into the 20th century
猶如是海軍上將正在建立一支全球的德國海軍 as a German admiral creating a global German Navy.
國際政治是個龐大構思：海外帝國主義策略 Weltpolitik was the big idea; a policy of overseas imperialism
是外交部長Bernhard von Bulow獨創的產物 the brainchild of his Foreign Secretary Bernhard von Bulow.
在德國缺席的日子裡，一位鄰居到處搶佔著陸地 The days when the Germans left the earth to one neighbour
另一位到處搶佔著海洋，唯有天空他們還沒有染指 the sea to another and kept only the heavens for themselves are over
我們不想排擠掉誰 We don't want to put anyone in the shade
但我們需要擁有屬於自己的日不落土地 but we too demand our place in the sun
德國是帝國擴張競賽的晚來者 Germany had come late to the game of empires,
到了1900年，她擁有多哥，喀麥隆、德屬西南部非洲 but by 1900, she had Togoland, Cameroon, German South West Africa, now Namibia,
現在是納米比亞、德屬東非、坦桑尼亞 and German East Africa, now Tanzania.
她的旗幟還飄揚在太平洋地區 Her flag flew over patches in the Pacific:
新幾內亞，薩摩亞和密克羅尼西亞 New Guinea, Samoa and Micronesia.
在中國，她還有一個重要的立足點--青島 She had a vital toehold in China at Tsingtao,
那裡既能釀造啤酒，又能為她的艦船補充燃煤 where she re-coaled her ships, and brewed beer.
海軍上將Alfred von Tirpitz將這僅僅視為開始 Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz saw this as just the start.
此刻我們正站在新一次瓜分全球殖民地的起點上 We are now standing only at the beginning of a new division of the globe
德國慷慨激昂的言論震驚了世界 Germany alarmed the world with her imperial tub-thumping.
她在波多黎各附諸行動 She eyed up Puerto Rico
並考慮在條件適當時佔領巴拿馬運河 and considered pouncing on the Panama Canal the minute it was completed.
但在凱撒的計劃中最為大膽的是lll號計劃 But the boldest of all the Kaiser's schemes was Operational Plan lll.
東海岸是美國的心臟地區也是她最脆弱的地區 The East Coast is the heart of the United States and this is where she is most vulnerable
炮轟的威脅必定會使紐約一片恐慌 New York will panic at the prospect of bombardment
並迫使她坐下來和談 By hitting her here we can force America to negotiate
根據1903的德軍秘密計劃 Germany's secret plans from 1903:
排遣60艘船隻和10萬人進攻東海岸 to attack the Eastern seaboard with 60 ships and 100,000 men,
炮轟曼哈頓和控制波士頓 to shell Manhattan and capture Boston.
正是凱撒對美國在太平洋地區勢力擴張的憤恨 The outlandish scheme was driven by the Kaiser's resentment
導致了這個荒誕的計劃 of America's growing power in the Pacific.
他相信在一個軍事國家，人們日益厭惡西方所代表的那套 He believed in a militarist state, and increasingly hated what the West stood for.
為了服務於對財富的無止境貪婪 Service to mammon greed self indulgence
強佔土地而不惜背信棄義和沒完沒了的殺戮 land-grabbing lying treachery and not last murder
凱撒認為資本主義是脆弱的 The Kaiser thought capitalism was vulnerable,
若對其國際間的貿易、信貸、保險系統以予一次足夠強大的打擊 that a strong enough attack on its international systems of trade, credit and insurance,
就能將其整個徹底摧毀 could bring the edifice tumbling down.
lll號計劃的降臨，並不是出自對資本主義帝國的敵意 Operational Plan lll was dropped, but not the hostility towards capitalist empires.
在1912年之前，德國在國際政策上實行一種更為務實的策略 By 1912, Germany had traded in Weltpolitik for a more realistic policy.
此時她的軍事機器正在為一場歐洲戰爭作準備，而不是全球戰爭 Now her military machine prepared for a European, not a global war,
陸軍得到的預算大幅增加，而不是海軍 and the Army got the budget increase, not the Navy.
戰爭爆發的第一天，德國的艦隊就被 The first day of war found Germany's High Seas Fleet trapped
強大的英國海軍束縛於北海 by the mighty British Navy in the North Sea.
所有德國海軍對整個英帝國的威脅是 And all the German Navy had to threaten the entire British Empire,
分散在各處的且與柏林保持無線電聯繫的17艘巡洋艦 was a scattered force of 17 cruisers, linked by a wireless network to Berlin .
（無線電信號） (Radio signals)
Koeigsberg在東非附近的海域 There was the Koeigsberg off East Africa,
格本號和佈雷斯勞號在地中海， the Geben and the Breslau in the Mediterranean,
德累斯頓號和卡爾斯魯厄號在西印度群島 the Dresden and Karlsruhe in the West Indies,
萊比錫號駛離美國的西海岸 the Leipzig off the west coast of America.
但是，大部分巡洋艦 But the greatest concentration of cruisers,
都隸屬於Graf von Spee海軍上將的東亞艦隊，駐紮在青島 was Admiral Graf von Spee's powerful East Asiatic Squadron, based at Tsingtao in China.
青島給了德國一個巨大的行動空間 Tsingtao gave Germany a huge area of operations,
即能穿過南中國海又可以進入太平洋 across the South China Sea and into the Pacific.
控制青島即扼住了德國艦隊的脖子 Seizing it would cut the squadron's lifeline.
英國注意到了這個迫切性，但她實力不足 Britain saw the urgency but lacked the resources.
因此開戰後的第二天，她轉向盟友日本 So, two days into the war, she turned to her ally Japan.
日本是個正在崛起的國家，英國的要求正符合它的野心 Japan was a growing power. Britain's call for naval help suited her ambitions perfectly.
由英國和日本一起來奪取--青島 Together,Britain and Japan would capture Tsingtao
----這個讓凱撒感到驕傲和喜悅的、重要的德國海軍基地 vital German base, and the Kaiser's pride and joy.
對於我而言，青島失守投降給日本鬼子的恥辱遠甚於當年的俄國 （即1905年日俄海戰後，失守的旅順 慘遭日本雜種蹂躪） It would shame me more to surrender Tsingtao to the Japanese than Berlin to the Russians
1914年9月2日，6萬日軍從海上登陸 On 2 September 1914, 60,000 Japanese troops landed up the coast,
破壞了中國的中立 violating China's neutrality.
它們與2000名英軍會合 They met up with 2,000 British,
包圍了為數4500人的德國守備隊 and closed in on the German garrison of 4,500.
讓人難以忍受的是我們能做的所有事情就是： 坐等這幫猴子的到來 It's unbearable All we can do is sit and wait for this bunch of monkeys to arrive
每一天，他們都前進一些 Every day they get a bit closer
無人有取勝的信心 No-one expects to get home in one piece
沒有增援的希望 No hope of reinforcements
脖子上的絞索變的越來越緊 The noose around our necks is getting tighter and tighter
（炮火） (Artillery fire)
日軍猛攻青島一周 For a solid week, the Japanese battered Tsingtao.
12月7日，他們得勝進城 On 7 November, they entered the town in triumph.
一些德國人嘲笑英軍的無能 Some Germans sneered at the token British force
要依靠日本人來完成其骯髒的任務 for getting the Japanese to do their dirty work.
英勇的英國！ The brave British!
他們在奪取青島的戰鬥中毫無作為，卻厚顏參加勝利閱兵 They played no part in the capture of Tsingtao but they joined in the victory parade
當他們經過時，我們德國人都聽從口令轉身背對他們 As they went by we Germans were ordered to turn our backs on them
英國人向日軍指揮官抱怨，但他只是簡單的說： The English complained to the Japanese commander but he simply said
就因為這樣，我們不會再舉行這種閱兵 ''Well we can't repeat the whole procession just because of that''
青島的佔領大大激發了日本的擴張野心 The capture of Tsingtao gave Japan a launch pad to pursue her empire building.
數周內，它既要求中國割據領土，又要求獲得貿易權 Within weeks, she demanded territory and trading rights from China.
它奪取了德國在赤道以北的所有領地 Japan also seized all German possessions north of the equator.
澳大利亞和新西蘭也乘機 迅速盜取了德國在太平洋赤道以南的殖民地 Australia and New Zealand were quick to steal those to the south.
英國默許了日本向太平洋地區的勢力擴張 Much to America's frustration, Britain had empowered Japan in the Pacific,
這是整個進程中關鍵的一步，也將導致在四分之一個世紀後 發生讓無數美國人倍受屈辱的珍珠港事件 key stage in a process that would lead, a quarter of a century later, to Pearl Harbor.
德國在青島的失利，並沒有立刻使Spee的艦隊失去威脅 Germany's loss of Tsingtao, far from neutraliZing Spee's squadron,
不久世界各地就會感受到她的巨大破壞力 ensured its destructive power would be felt around the globe.
最優秀的德國海軍指揮官們如Spee等人，毫無畏懼 The best German cruiser commanders, like Spee, were fearless mavericks
不久成為了這場戰爭中的英雄 whom the war turned into heroes.
他們是極優秀的水手，又有著海盜的本能 Superb sailors with the instincts of pirates.
凱撒授予他們在戰爭期間擁有一切自主決定的權利 The Kaiser had given them full authority to make their own decisions in wartime.
指揮官將承受艱巨的責任 The heavy responsibility of the officer in command
當艦船處於越來越孤立的境地時 will be increased by the isolated position of his ship
他決不能顯露出絲毫的軟弱 but he must never show one moment of weakness
指揮官必須牢記在心的首要責任是 Above all the officer must bear in mind
盡其一切所能，最大程度的打擊敵人 that his chief duty is to damage the enemy as severely as possible
此時，Spee分散了他的艦隊 Spee now split his squadron.
輕巡洋艦Emden，由Karl von Muller船長指揮駛向孟加拉灣 The light cruiser Emden, under Captain Karl von Muller, made for the Bay of Bengal.
Spee在沙恩霍斯特號上，率領其它艦船穿越太平洋 Spee, in the Scharnhorst, led his other ships across the Pacific.
我無家可歸，不能回到德國 I am quite homeless I cannot reach Germany
我必須馳騁在全世界的各大洋上，盡我所能完成更多的使命 I must plough the seas of the world doing as much mischief as I can
在倫敦的海軍部，邱吉爾正為Spee的飄忽影蹤苦惱不已 At the Admiralty in London, Winston Churchill fretted about where Spee would show up next.
浩瀚的太平洋，眾多的島嶼是他掩蔽的好場所 The vastness of the Pacific and its multitude of islands offered him their shelter
一旦他消失了，人們就會猜測下一次他會在哪裡現身呢？ and once he had vanished who should say where he would reappear?
他猶如花瓶中一朵沒有根的鮮花，已經時日不多了 He was a cut flower in a vase fair to see yet bound to die
但是只要他還存在著，我們就處於潛在的嚴重危險之下 But so long as he lived all our enterprises lay under the shadow of a serious potential danger
Spee始終有個無法擺脫的憂慮 Spee had a constant worry.
巡洋艦隊每隔八到九天就需要加一次煤，不然就會漂在海上等死 Cruisers needed coal every eight or nine days or they'd be dead in the water.
他駛向中立國智利，那裡有他需要的燃煤 He made for neutral Chile where he had coal waiting for him.
1914年11月1日，他來到了有著英國艦隊的科羅內爾海域 On 1 November 1914, he ran into a British fleet off Coronel.
戰後的一部故事片敘述了這場海戰 The battle which followed inspired a post-war feature film.
英國指揮官是Christopher Cradock海軍上將 The British commander was Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock,
直接受令於倫敦 under orders from London.
有跡象顯示，Gneienau號與沙恩霍斯特號正駛往南美洲 It appears that Gneienau and Scharnhorst are working across to South America
做好與他們接戰的準備 Be prepared to meet them in company
Cradock擁有一艘與Spee艦隊相比，佔絕對優勢的軍艦 Cradock had one ship that could outgun Spee's fleet,
但是她速度緩慢，並已經遠遠的落在後面 but she was slow and had been left behind.
此時，Cradock正要迎向的敵人比他擁有更大的優勢 Now Cradock raced towards enemy ships better armed than his.
他忽視了自己的首要原則 He had ignored his own rule of thumb.
作為一個海軍軍官必須時刻保持頭腦冷靜、決斷迅速 A naval officer should never let his boat go faster than his brain
我立即下令沙恩霍斯特號和Gneienau號全速前進 I immediately ordered Scharnhorst and Gneienau to go full steam ahead
在15分鐘內，我就以20節的航速行駛在波濤洶湧的海面上 and within 15 minutes I was racing against heavy seas at 20 knots
與敵人保持平行航行 （1節也就是1.852公里/小時） and came to lie parallel with him
cradock的艦隊不是Spee的對手 Cradock's ships were no match for Spee's.
好希望號與蒙默思號顯然處境危難 Good Hope and Monmouth were obviously in distress
蒙默思號右舷劇烈燃燒脫離編隊 Monmouth yawed off to starboard burning furiously
好希望號的主桅與後煙囪之間發生一次可怕的大爆炸 There was a terrible explosion on Good Hope between her main mast and her after funnel
迸發出的火焰高達200英尺 The gust of flames reached a height of over 200 feet
與飛濺出的雲狀殘骸映紅了半空 lighting up a cloud of debris that was flung still higher in the air
1600名英國水手陣亡 1,600 British sailors were lost.
這是250年來，英國海軍最慘重的損失 It was Britain's worst naval defeat for 250 years.
全球戰爭以德國的模式進行著 The global war was going Germany's way.
只有當你親眼目睹時才能體會到印度的價值 It is only when you get to see and realise what India is
她是英國實力的源泉與延伸 that she is the strength and the greatness of England
只有在那，你能感覺到猶如是一個人繃緊了他的每一根神經 it is only then that you feel that every nerve a man may strain
竭盡全力投身於這一偉大事業-- every energy he may put forward cannot be devoted to a noble purpose
將印度牢牢的掌握在我們自己的手中 than keeping tight the cords that hold India to ourselves
英帝國與其貿易網絡是她僅有的能帶入戰爭的最大資源 Britain's empire and trading network was the single biggest resource she brought to the war.
印度正處於核心地位 And India was at the heart of it.
從沒有這麼吃緊過 The cords were never tighter.
對德國而言，有無數個理由想要切斷英帝國的海上運輸線 All the more reason for Germany to want them cut.
這些標示在地圖上的運輸線是激烈研究的焦點 These slender lines on the map were now the focus of intense study,
是德國與英國海軍部的焦點，也是各艘戰艦作戰室的焦點 in the British and German admiralties, in the chart rooms of warships.
手指劃過地圖上的各條重要航道 Fingers traced the vital shipping lanes:
通過蘇伊士運河 through the Suez Canal,
繞過南非的好望角 around South Africa's Cape.
費勁心思考慮：如何保護他們，如何切斷他們 Minds pondered how to protect them, how to sever them.
其中最傑出者之一是德國Emden號巡洋艦的艦長 And one of the sharpest minds was on the bridge of the German cruiser Emden.
在脫離spee艦隊的一個月後 A month after she left Admiral Spee's squadron,
Karl von Muller駛入孟加拉灣 Captain Karl von Muller steered her into the Bay of Bengal.
1932年，德國人為他的經歷拍攝了一部故事片 In 1932, the Germans made a feature film about his odyssey.
在全體船員中，他有著無與倫比的威望 He had an indescribable power over the entire crew
他從不下令，只需要表示一下其願望 He never gave orders he just expressed a wish
從受命獨立指揮這艘軍艦的那一刻起，他再沒有離開艦橋 From the moment he took command of the ship he never left the bridge again
這是他站著睡覺和坐著研究地圖的位置 This is where he stood slept sat studied the maps
這裡也是他想要成功或是成仁的位置 This is where he wanted to be stand or fall
Emden號有時裝扮上一個假煙囪， 使得她看起來就像是艘英國巡洋艦 The Emden sometimes rigged a dummy funnel to look like a British cruiser.
正前方出現的一艘巨大輪船，以為我們是艘英國戰艦 A large steamer appeared dead ahead and thinking we were an English man-of-war
非常興奮的升起了巨大的英國國旗 was so overjoyed at our presence that she hoisted a huge British flag
在我們升起德國國旗，非常禮貌周到的邀請那位船長過來 I'd like to have seen the look on her captain's face
與我們同行時，我很願意看看當時他臉上的表情 when we hoisted our flag and invited him most graciously to tarry with us awhile
穆勒船長的名聲越來越響亮，因為他在擊沉對方的船隻前 Captain Muller became famous for taking all crew and passengers safely onto the Emden
先將所有的船員與乘客安全的轉移到Emden號上 before sinking their ship.
我們通常給他們時間整理與攜帶隨身財產 We always allowed them time to collect and take with them their personal possessions
他們通常選擇攜帶寶貴的威士忌 They usually devoted most of this time to making certain
而不是尋常的魚類 that their precious supply of whisky was not wasted on the fishes
穆勒定期釋放些感謝他的俘虜 Muller regularly released his grateful captives.
Emden號的影響 Such was the Emden's impact
使得英國海軍部隨即制訂圖表跟蹤他的軌跡 that the British Admiralty later drew up this chart to track her movements.
穆勒甚至曾大膽的駛進過印度的馬德拉斯港口 Muller even had the audacity to steam into the Indian port of Madras,
根據一位船員的日記記錄 as a crew member recorded in his diary.
1914年9月22日 22 September 1914
下午9點30分 9:30pm
Emden偷偷的靠近、發射了25發炮彈 The Emden sneaks closer then fires 125 shots
一些擊中了海港中的小船 Some hit boats in the harbour
油庫上空竄出幾柱巨大的火焰 Huge columns of fire rise above the oil tanks
海岸守衛部隊開火還擊，但都沒有擊中目標 The coastal defences open fire but they all fall shot
9月23日 23 September
此刻我們已經駛離100英里了 We are now 100 miles away
卻還能看到馬德拉斯的火焰 We can still see the fires at Madras
在倫敦，航運費和航運保險費急速攀升 In the City of London, freight rates and shipping insurance rocketed.
在孟加拉灣，整個英帝國的貨運船隊寧可都停泊在海港 At one point, the entire British trade fleet in the Bay of Bengal was kept in harbour
而不願被活躍著的穆勒船長掠奪貨物 rather than fall prey to dashing Captain Muller.
德國的騷擾巡洋艦開始危害英國的戰爭效果 Germany's rogue cruisers were starting to harm Britain's war effort.
出於對Emden號的恐懼，三艘運輸船滯留在加爾各答 Three transports are delayed in Calcutta through fear of Emden
其中火炮和騎兵的運輸也受到了耽誤 This involves delaying transport of artillery and cavalry
內閣對此十分重視 The Cabinet took a strong view
消滅這些擾亂者成了最首要的任務 The extirpation of these pests is a most important subject
當Emden號在印度洋的這端極力擾亂著英國 While the Emden ran the British ragged at one end of the Indian Ocean,
25艘皇家海軍軍艦正在另一端--德國東非殖民地附近的海域 25 Royal Navy warships hunted the cruiser Keoigsberg at the other,
追捕Keoigsberg號巡洋艦 off the coast of Germany's East African colony.
她曾經在魯菲吉河三角洲---她的秘密藏身處 She had raided Zanzibar and sunk a British light cruiser
突襲英國的桑吉巴號並擊沉一艘輕巡洋艦 from her secret hideout in the Rufiji Delta.
氣急敗壞的英國人決定從坦噶港開始，扼殺她所有可能的基地 The frustrated British decided to strangle all her possible bases, starting with the port of Tanga.
1914年11月2日，英國艦隊駛入這個海灣 On 2 November 1914, the British steamed into this bay.
在這場全球戰爭中，英帝國派到各殖民地作戰的軍隊 In the global war, imperial powers got others to do their fighting.
絕大多數是印度軍人 Most of the British troops were Indian.
Thomas Plantan密切注視著他們的到來 Their arrival was closely watched by Thomas Plantan,
這是個為德國服務的16歲非洲少年 a 16-year-old African fighting for the Germans.
正在接近的英國艦船開啟了所有的探照燈 The approaching British ships had all their lights blazing
似乎要將登陸場照的一清二楚，讓敵人無處躲藏 and seemed to be making no attempt to conceal their presence
我們埋伏在機槍旁，守侯著他們的到來 We were in position with machine guns waiting in ambush for them
當他們開始登陸時，許許多多人中彈陣亡 and many of them were killed when they started to come ashore
其中不少人甚至還沒有上岸 A lot of them were killed before they even got out of the water
（機槍掃射） (Machine-gun fire)
Thomas Plantan 是德國指揮官Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck 所轄的2500名官兵之一 Thomas Plantan was one of 2,500 men under German commander Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck.
英國人原以為坦噶不堪一擊， 但他們的錯誤在於沒有考慮到德軍指揮官Lettow The British thought taking Tanga would be a pushover, but they reckoned without Lettow.
他是為普魯士職業軍人，堅毅而又有領導魅力 He was a professional Prussian soldier, hard as nails, charismatic.
Lettow是一位了不起的軍人，不屈不撓且又誠懇。 Von Lettow was a remarkable soldier
我很幸運，以前沒有碰到過這種對手 but stubborn and single-minded to a degree I have fortunately never experienced before
為了實現目標鍥而不捨的幹勁是他最顯著的品質 His most remarkable quality was the reckless energy with which he pursued his goal
常常被他那擅長說服別人的、且運用自如的 This was often covered up by his persuasive charm
個人領導魅力所掩蓋 which he could switch on if he wanted to.
在去非洲的船上，Lettow遇到了 日後寫《走出非洲》的作者Karen Blixen， On the ship to Africa, von Lettow had met Karen Blixen, who would later write Out Of Africa.
無疑她被其魅力所傾倒 He clearly turned the charm on for her.
von Lettow是一位古老貴族家庭出身的德國軍官 A German officer von Lettow who belongs to a very old Mechlenburger family
與我相處的如同是多年的好友 has been such a friend to me
在這裡，你會聽到人們是如何談論他的 You should hear how they talk about him out here
將他視為這個時代最偉大的天才 as the greatest genius of the age
儘管在登陸時傷亡慘重，此時坦噶也感受到了來自英國的威脅 Despite losing men during the landing, the British now threatened Tanga.
總督Schnee下令Lettow寧可撤出該城也不希望其被毀滅 Governor Schnee ordered Lettow to evacuate the town rather than see it destroyed,
但是Lettow來到非洲是為了戰鬥 but Lettow had come to Africa to fight.
阻止敵人在坦噶獲得一個立足點是至關重要的 It was crucial to prevent the enemy from gaining a foothold in Tanga
因為那裡會成他們向北推進的根據地 thus giving him a base from which to advance north
總督為保全坦噶而撤退的命令並不能讓我放棄這個戰略 I coulnd't let the Governor's order to spare Tanga take precedence over this priority
Lettow盡其所能將英軍束縛在原有位置 Lettow recced the British positions himself, on his bicycle.
他也要求增援 He also called in reinforcements.
三支德國部隊乘火車抵達坦噶 Three companies of German troops came by rail to Tanga.
在這裡，在1914年11月4日他們遭遇了英帝國的印度軍隊 ---既無經驗又缺乏訓練的印度軍隊 Here, on 4 November 1914, they met the British Indian soldiers - raw and poorly trained.
英國情報官Richard Meinertzhagen目睹了這隨即而來的潰敗 British intelligence officer Richard Meinertzhagen watched the ensuing rout.
有一半的第13隊拉其普特人瞬間就成了四處逃竄的烏合之眾 Half the 13th Rajputs turned at once broke into a rabble and bolted
我簡直不相信自己的眼睛 I could not believe my eyes
他們就像驚恐萬狀的猴子，不顧一切的四處奔逃 They were all jabbering like terrified monkeys and were clearly not for it at any price
密林中，敵人和戰友混雜在一起 Everyone in the dense forest friend and foe was mixed up together
用各自不同的語言大聲叫喊著 shouting in all sorts of languages
敵人潰逃的無序而混亂 The enemy ran off in wild disorder
我們的機槍將逃在後面的人統統掃倒 and our machine guns mowed down whole companies to the last man
（機槍掃射） (Machine-gun fire)
lettow的指揮部在這，在這個德國醫院 Von Lettow was based here, at the German hospital.
經過兩天的激烈戰鬥 After two days of heavy fighting,
英軍派出Richard Meinertzhagen商談投降 the British sent Richard Meinertzhagen to negotiate a surrender.
德國人很友善 The Germans were kindness itself
為我提供了一頓非常豐盛的早餐，這正是我所急需的 and gave me a most excellent breakfast which I sorely needed
我們無拘無束的討論這場戰鬥，就像是在討論足球賽 We dicussed the fight freely as though it had been a football match
如此的古怪，今天與我一起進餐的人 It seemed so odd that I should be having a meal today
也正是我昨天千方百計想要消滅的人 with people whom I was trying to kill yesterday
如此的荒唐 It seemed so wrong
使我疑惑：這是否是一場真實的戰爭？ and made me wonder whether this really was war
還是我們正在犯著一個巨大的錯誤？ or whether we'd all made a ghastly mitake
德國軍官看起來都很堅毅、敏捷與稱職 The German officers were all hard-looking keen and fit
他們將這場戰爭視為體育運動的新模式 They treated this war as some new form of sport
在坦噶的失利，英軍付出了700人的傷亡 The British failed to take Tanga and suffered 700 casualties.
Lettow損失了65人 Lettow lost just 65.
在德國他受到英雄般的歡呼 Germany hailed him as a hero.
他猶如是古代神話中殺死巨人歌利亞的大衛 A German David is fighting alone against the Britih Goliath in Africa
如果我們不能與他一起並肩作戰 If we cannot fight by his side
那麼至少得確保給他提供充足的補給 at last we must make sure that he is well supplied with shot for his sling
但是英國的海上封鎖阻礙了德國對Lettow的增援 But the British blockade of Germany prevented reinforcements reaching Lettow.
更遠的東方，在印度洋的另一端 Muller船長依然是巨大破壞的製造者 Further east, across the Indian Ocean, Muller was still causing havoc.
他擊沉了兩艘戰艦，俘獲了二十三艘商船 He'd sunk two warships and captured 23 merchant ships.
1914年11月9日 On 9 November 1914,
Muller在科科斯群島摧毀了一個英國無線電通訊站 the Emden anchored at the Cocos Islands to destroy the British wireless station.
但是電台的操作員識別出了Emden號的第四根假煙囪，並發出求救 But the radio operator spotted the Emden's bogus fourth funnel, and put out a call for help.
澳大利亞的巡洋艦悉尼號接受到了這信息 The Australian cruiser Sydney picked up the message
Emden號特立獨行的遊蕩生涯終於結束了 and ended the Emden's maverick career.
Muller船長被俘 Captain Muller was taken prisoner.
他和其他生還者得到了良好的照顧 He and the other survivors were well looked after.
我親愛的每一位家人，我境況很好，身體也健康 Dear loved ones I'm well and healthy
英國人很友好 The Britih were very friendly
他們給我們拍攝了許多照片，並向我們詢問郵寄地址 They took loads of photos of us and asked for our addresses to send us the snaps
你的沃爾特 Yours Walter
Graf von Spee海軍上將的好運也轉變了 Now Admiral Graf von Spee's luck also ran out.
英國冒險從封鎖北海的艦隊中調撥出了兩艘最新式的 Britain took the risk of detaching two of her latest battle cruisers
戰鬥巡洋艦前來對付他 from the crucial North Sea blockade of Germany to deal with him.
1914年12月8日，德國指揮官Hans Pochhammer 了望到他們的巨大桅桿 On 8 December 1914, German commander Hans Pochhammer sighted their huge masts
當他們正在福克蘭島的斯坦利港口加煤時 as they re-coaled in Port Stanley on the Falkland lslands.
他意識到德國艦船的炮火射程、航行速度都不如對方 He realised the Germans were out-gunned and out-paced.
我們就像是被緊緊的掐住了咽喉 We choked a little at the neck our throats contracted and stiffened
與其說這是生死一搏，還不如說這是光榮的戰鬥至最後一刻 for that meant a life-and-death grapple or rather a fight ending in honourable death
德國的艦隊試圖脫身，但英國的戰鬥巡洋艦速度很快 The German fleet tried to get away, but the British battle cruisers were too fast.
下午1時25分， spee轉向迎戰 At 1:25pm, Spee turned to face them.
但是英國戰艦謹慎的保持在德軍炮火射程之外， 而在自己射程的一萬六千碼處開火 But the British were careful to stay out of range of his guns, firing their own from 16,000 yards.
Canopus號戰列艦上的Harry Bennett中將目睹了整個過程 Lieutenant Harry Bennett on HMS Canopus watched what happened
並畫了這些水彩畫 and painted these watercolours.
下午4時17分，Spee上將和他的所有部下 一起隨著沙恩霍斯特號下沉 At 4:17pm, the Scharnhorst went down with Admiral von Spee and all hands.
下午6時02分格耐森瑙號與其大多數的船員一起沉沒 包括spee上將的小兒子海因裡希 At 6:02pm, the Gneisenau sank with most of its crew, including Spee's younger son Heinrich.
他的另一個兒子奧托在厄運纏繞的Nurnberg號上服役 His other son Otto was on the doomed Nurnberg.
這是令人害怕的一幕 The sight was one of fearful awe
她伴隨著一系列優雅而流暢的動作，翻轉並沉沒 She turned over and sank with a graceful gliding motion
猶如是一位雜技演員在水面上的表演 as would a tumbler pressed over in a bowl of water
船上的德國水手們堅守至最後一刻 Those who went down in her were game to the end
我們看著他們在甲板上列隊集合 For we saw a party of her men standing on the quarterdeck
伴隨著飄揚的德國國旗一起下沉 waving the German ensign as she sank
沉向他們的水下墳墓 and so they went down into their watery grave
福克蘭群島的戰鬥預示著德國巡洋艦戰役的結束 The Battle of the Falklands heralded the end of Germany's cruiser campaign.
她的全球戰爭不得不依賴於在陸地上戰火的蔓延 Her global war would increasingly have to be fought on land.
她的指揮官們將又一次施展她那稀少的資源 引領英帝國與其針鋒相對 Again, her commanders would stretch slim resources to lead the British Empire a dance.
蘇伊士運河給德國人提供了一個騷擾英帝國的絕好機會 The Suez Canal presented a rare opportunity for Germany to harass the British Empire
那是一條易受到陸地進攻的重要航道 a crucial British sea lane vulnerable to attack by land forces.
但是德國人無法從西部戰線上分出任何兵力 But Germany couldn't spare any men from the Western Front,
因此，柏林向奧斯曼土耳其求助 自1914年11月開始，她是德國的盟友 so Berlin turned to Ottoman Turkey, her ally since November 1914.
土耳其第四軍駐紮在巴勒斯坦，距離蘇伊士運河只有150英里 The Turkish 4th Army was stationed in Palestine, just 150 miles from the Suez Canal.
土耳其人同意派遣這為數一萬九千人的軍隊佔領蘇伊士 The Turks agreed to help capture Suez, assigning these 19,000 troops.
他們將其視為自己重新征服埃及和利比亞的第一步 They saw it as the first stage in their own re-conquest of Egypt and Libya.
我們在晚上月光下行軍，且嚴令禁止人工照明 We marched at night and only by moonlight
我的內心既充滿著擔憂又交織著對勝利的強烈盼望 My heart was filled with a deep melancholy mingled with great hope of success
伴隨著歌聲，先鋒營的紅旗 at the sound of the song The Red Flag Flies Over Cairo
向開羅不斷挺進 to the accompaniment of which the advancing battalions forged ahead
挺進在無邊無際的荒蕪的沙漠中 over the endless waste of desert
在朦朧的月光下，四周映出模糊的蒼白景象 feebly illuminated by the pale gleam of the waxing moon
土耳其人得運輸榴彈炮、浮橋桶 The Turks had to transport howitzers, floating pontoons,
食物、水穿越西奈沙漠 ，並做到了沒有損失一個人 food and water across the Sinai Desert and didn't lose a single man.
1915年2月3日凌晨，他們抵達蘇伊士運河 In the early hours of 3 February 1915, they reached the Suez Canal.
計劃的制定者---一位德國上校，目睹了可怕錯誤的演變 The German colonel who had planned the operation now watched it go horribly wrong.
一個哨兵發現了我們的進攻，並開槍 A sentry noticed our attack and fired
槍聲引起了混亂 The shots created panic
英國人用機槍瘋狂的掃射堤岸 The English then blasted the banks with machine-gun fire
（機槍掃射） (Machine-gun fire)
土耳其人發現運河的防禦是由九艘戰艦和 The Turks found the Canal defended by nine British warships
三萬名駐紮在防禦陣地的印度軍人組成 and 30,000 Indian troops, dug in to defensive positions.
奧斯曼軍隊遭受了1200人的傷亡 The Ottoman troops suffered 1,200 casualties.
剩餘部隊撤退到沙漠的另一端 The survivors retreated across the desert.
進攻失敗了，但是非洲此刻成了全球戰爭的一個戰場 The attack had failed, but Africa was now a battleground in Germany's global war.
在那她有三個行動基地 She had three bases of operations:
Lettow依然活躍在德屬東非的喀麥隆 the Cameroons, German East Africa, where Lettow was still at large,
德屬的非洲西南部也部署著她的港口和無線電通訊站 and German South West Africa, with its ports and wireless stations.
對英國幸運的是：那裡附近有一個自己的殖民地 Luckily for Britain , she had a colony right next door.
不幸的是：該殖民地的忠誠度很低 Unluckily, it was the one whose loyalty she could least rely on.
南非聯邦 是種族多樣化的國家 The Union of South Africa was racially diverse:
包括黑人、布爾人和英國定居者 Blacks, Boers and British settlers.
僅僅在15年前，英國對布爾人發動了一場長期、血腥的戰爭 Just 15 years before, Britain had fought a long, bloody war against the Boers.
許多人對英國毫無好感，也別指望他們對英國有什麼忠誠 Many still had little love for Britain. Their loyalty could not be counted on.
正如一位指揮官對南非首相Louis Botha所言： As one commander told South Africa's prime minister, Louis Botha:
我們已經做好了作戰準備，但敵人是英國還是德國呢？ My men are ready Whom do we fight the English or the Germans?
但是南非正處於進攻德屬西南非的最佳時刻 But South Africa was ideally situated to launch an attack on German South West Africa.
英國殖民地大臣Lewis Harcourt參與其中 British Colonial Secretary Lewis Harcourt took the gamble.
如果你們的部長們願意並覺得能夠從德國人手中奪取非洲西南部 If your ministers desire and feel themselves able to seize such part of German South West Africa
就能得到無線電通訊站那裡的所有權 as will give them the command of the wirelss stations there
我們覺得這是對英帝國作出的重大而又及時的貢獻 we should feel this was a great and urgent Imperial service
南非政府欣然同意 South Africa's government readily agreed,
因為她也有著自己的迷你的帝國主義野心 because it had mini-imperial ambitions of its own.
為自己奪取德屬西南部非洲 It wanted to seize German South West for itself.
1914年9月14日 On 14 September 1914,
南非軍隊越過橙河進入德屬領地 South African forces crossed the Orange River into German South West.
但是，德國人佔了先機 But the Germans were one jump ahead,
當南非人在桑德方丹找到個水源並稍作休息時 as the South Africans found out when they paused at the watering hole of Sandfontein.
（機槍掃射） (Machine-gun fire)
（炮火） (Artillery fire)
南非慘遭痛擊 The South Africans were beaten.
但是更糟糕的事情還在後面 But there was worse to come
南非的局部地區發生了武裝叛亂 Part of South Africa now rose up in armed rebellion.
Manie Maritz在北開普指揮軍隊 Commanding the forces in the Northern Cape was Manie Maritz.
他勇敢而又頑強 Fearless and uncompromising,
Maritz在布爾戰爭中和英國人打過慘烈的游擊戰 Maritz had fought a vicious guerrilla campaign against Britain in the Boer War.
他完全傾向德國 His sympathies lay entirely with Germany.
我收到份電報，命令我派遣一支大突擊隊 I received a telegram ordering me to take a large commando
進攻德屬的西南部非洲 into German South West Africa
我決不為了英帝國的利益而參戰 I was determined not to fight on behalf of the British Empire
軍官和士兵們也完全支持我 and my officers and troops were in full accord with me
1914年10月， Maritz渡過橙河到達德國在Schuit Drift的領地 In October 1914, Manie Maritz crossed the Orange River to German territory at Schuit Drift
謀取德國的支持 to enlist German support.
兩天後，Maritz在這棵樹下向軍隊發表演說 Two days later, Maritz addressed his troops under this tree.
此刻不願被猶太人和英國金融家統治的人--- Now men we don't want to be ruled by the Jews and the financiers of England
---Beyers將軍、De Wet將軍和我，決定 General Beyers General De Wet and myself have decided
成立一個獨立的南非共和國 to form an independent South African Republic
我們已經和德國西南非洲的總督簽訂了一個協定 and have entered into an agreement with the Governor of German South West Africa
他們會給我們提供武器和彈藥 They will provide us with arms and ammunition guns
作出這個決定是當地民眾的權利與自由 On this step depends the freedom of the masses of the country
南非為滿足英國的要求，走到了內戰的邊緣 Britain's request for help had brought her dominion to the brink of civil war.
在倫敦，殖民地大臣Lewis Harcourt In London, the Colonial Secretary Lewis Harcourt
為南非聯盟的分裂而憂心重重 feared the break-up of the Union of South Africa.
他秘密的派遣三萬澳大利亞士兵前往開普扼殺叛亂 He secretly ordered 30,000 Australian soldiers diverted to the Cape to smother the rebellion.
是最首要的是：維護聯盟的安全 Safety of the Union is first and paramount consideration
相比較而言，德屬西南非是次要的 We attach no importance to German South West Africa in comparion
澳大利亞士兵是不需要的 The Australians weren't needed.
1914年冬天,南非軍隊擊敗了布爾人的叛亂 In the winter of 1914, the loyal South Africans defeated the Boer rebels.
這是他們其中50人在開普敦接受審判時的珍貴電影資料 This is rare film of 50 of them being led to trial in Cape Town .
不過他們沒有抓住Manie Maritz But they never caught Manie Maritz.
到了1915年7月，南非戰勝了德國人 By July 1915, South Africa cornered the Germans,
迫使他們投降併吞並了他們的殖民地 forced their surrender and annexed their colony.
此時在南非的北部，英國人有更多的事情要做 And Britain had more work for South Africa
希望能一勞永逸的解決掉Lettow north this time, to deal once and for all with von Lettow.
倫敦請南非的國防大臣Jannie Smuts親自領導這場戰役 London turned to South Africa's Defence Minister to lead the campaign, Jannie Smuts.
Smuts也參加過布爾戰爭，但是此刻是積極的親英派 Smuts too had fought in the Boer War, but was now passionately pro-British.
與其說他是個戰士，還不如說他更像是一個政治家 在傳統軍隊中他是個平庸的將軍 More a statesman than a soldier, Smuts made an indifferent general of conventional forces.
此時由他出來對付Lettow And he was up against Lettow.
英國軍官Richard Meinertzhagen現在是Smuts情報官 British officer Richard Meinertzhagen was now Smuts's intelligence officer.
Smuts很明確的表示要避免打一場慘烈的戰鬥 Smuts is quite determined to avoid a stand-up fight
他告訴我，他才不願意回到南非時 He told me he could not afford to go back to South Africa
被人起個「屠夫Smuts」的綽號 with the nickname Butcher Smuts
如果Lettow聰明而Smuts又不是很聰明的話，事情就將變的麻煩了 If von Lettow is clever and Smuts not clever enough there is going to be trouble
Lettow是聰明的 Lettow was clever
這是他在莫希火車站的指揮部 Here at his headquarters at Moshi railway station,
他持有的觀點是：將戰火燒至非洲能夠 he thought through the idea of depriving Britain of manpower in Europe,
分散英國人在歐洲的人力資源 by opening up the war in Africa.
問題是我們能否用少量的軍隊 The question was could we with our small forces
有效的牽制住相當數量的敵人，使之不被調往歐洲 prevent considerable numbers of the enemy from intervening in Europe
或對他們的軍用物資與部隊予以毀滅性的打擊 or inflict substantial damage on their armaments and troops?
我堅信，我們可以做到 I strongly believed that we could
到了1916年8月， lettow已經成了這貓鼠遊戲的專家 By August 1916, Lettow had become expert at his cat-and-mouse game.
他很精明，並不會輕易上鉤 Von Lettow is slippery and is not going to be caught by manoeuvre
而且比我們更加熟悉這個國家 He knows the country better than we do
我認為我們是在玩一場昂貴的捉迷藏遊戲 I think we are in for an expensive hide-and-seek
Lettow依然那麼活躍 and von Lettow will still be cuckooing
當戰鬥在熱帶非洲的某地暫時停止時 somewhere in tropical Africa when the cease-fire goes
Smuts已經花費了數以百萬計的英鎊和付出數百人的生命 Smuts has cost Britain many hundreds of lives and many millions of pounds
Lettow指揮著人數達一萬五千人的軍隊， 其中大多是黑人，實施隨機應變的游擊戰 Lettow ran his force of up to 15,000 soldiers, mostly Black, on scrounging and improvisation.
1916年3月之後，他再沒得到德國的物資供應 No supplies from Germany reached him after March 1916,
但他還有很長的路要走，正如他的一名軍醫所記載的 but he made a little go a long way, as Ludwig Deppe, one of his medical officers, noted.
當沒有彈藥時，Lettow 會試圖自己來製造 When there was no ammunition Lettow would try to produce his own cartridges
如果有人向指揮官提供武器和衣服， 就會被告知「到敵人那裡去取」 If the men asked the commander for weapons or clothes they were told ''Take it from the enemy''
Lettow採用以戰養戰的策略 Lettow made war at cost-price
你完全有理由給發生在這個國家的此次戰爭，掛上個出售標牌 You'd have been justified in displaying this war at a country fair with a for-sale sign
「世界上最廉價的戰爭」 ''Cheapest war in the world''
Jannie Smuts擁有的軍隊和資源是Lettow的五倍 Jannie Smuts had five times Lettow's force and resources to match.
但隨著向德屬東非的深入，供給線也日益延長 But the further he went into German East Africa, the more stretched his supply lines.
他估算即使不考慮蒼蠅幼蟲的危害 And he reckoned without the killer tsetse fly.
所屬5萬匹軍馬的預期壽命也就一個月而已 The life expectancy for his 50,000 horses was just four weeks.
暴雨、泥濘、灰塵和酷熱拖慢了他的前進步伐 Torrential rain, mud, dust and boiling heat further slowed his progress.
情報粗略、地圖短缺 Intelligence was sketchy, maps inadequate.
電話線常常要架設到八米高處，以免遭到長頸鹿的破壞 Telephone cable often had to be raised to eight metres to avoid damage by giraffes.
過去的幾天就像是場戰鬥 This is like warfare of bygone days
我們披荊斬棘，行進在沒有道路的地方 We come along where no road had ever been
那裡或許是白人從沒有光顧的地方 where probably White man had never trod before
河水氾濫，我們無法渡過 The river is in flood and we can't get across
對岸的德國巡邏密切注視著我們 On the other side the German patrol are watching us
不過河中的鱷魚成功的維持著和平 but the crocodile hold the peace between us very successfully
Lettow盡力避免作戰，牽引著Smuts深入非洲 Lettow played with Smuts, refusing to fight, slipping away, luring him deeper into Africa.
所到之處，散佈著戰爭的傷痛和破壞 As they went, they spread the war's grief and destruction,
將越來越多的非洲人民拖進戰爭的泥潭 dragging in more and more of the people of Africa.
這場戰爭也騎上了非洲黑人的後背 This war was being carried on the backs of Black Africans.
為了與Lettow 作戰，英軍招募了100多萬黑人當腳夫 For the Lettow campaign alone, the British recruited over a million Black porters.
其中五分之一死於疾病和營養不良 One in five died, from malnutrition and disease
這與西線戰場上的死亡率相似 death rates comparable with those on the Western Front.
他們默默的忍受著殘酷的考驗 They endured their ordeal quietly
他們只有職責而沒有任何權利 They only had duties and hardly any rights
一旦他們背負著重物摔倒在泥潭裡 They tumbled into the splashing mud with their heavy loads
就會受到無情的呵責與催促 and were then ruthlessly forced to move on and catch up
''哦,通往林娣的道路塵土飛揚 ''Oh the Lindi Road was dusty
通往林娣的道路漫長無際」 And the Lindi Road was long
承受著這最艱辛苦差的是來自卡韋朗多的腳夫 But the chap what did the hardest graft who could not do but wrong
他們除了能喊他們的卡韋朗多號子外，做什麼都是錯 Was the Kavirondo porter with his Kavirondo song
「到這裡來，腳夫」 It was 'Come here porter'!
Omera沒有抱怨，他只是做他份內的事 And Omera didn't grumble he simply did his bit''
Smuts在戰場盡力要避免的傷亡，出現在醫院裡 What Smuts saves on the battlfield he loses in hospital
在非洲我們真正的敵人不是德國人而是天氣 for it is Africa and the climate we are really fighting not the Germans
到了1917年初，超過2萬南非軍人中的一半退役回家了 Out of 20,000 South Africans, over half were invalided home by the beginning of 1917.
取而代之的是來自尼日利亞和加納的黑人軍隊 They were replaced by Black troops from Nigeria and Ghana.
從東非補充來的新兵源源不斷 Recruitment of Blacks soared in East Africa as well.
皇家部隊的非洲士兵數量由戰爭開始時的三千人 飆升至結束時的三萬五千人 Over the course of the war, the King's African Rifles rose from 3,000 men to 35,000.
Fololiyani longwe的所言，在許多黑人士兵中很有代表性 Fololiyani Longwe spoke for many Black soldiers.
想像下你就像是被埋在個地洞裡，只有頭和雙手露在外面 Think of yourself buried in a hole with only your head and hands outside
緊握著步槍，周圍到處充斥著死亡的氣息 holding a gun death smelling all over the place
傾聽著炮彈爆炸與機槍掃射的聲音 Listen to the sound of exploding bombs and machine guns
到處都是冒著黑煙的植被，樹林都被砍伐殆盡 smoke all over and the vegetation burnt and of course deforested
眼睜睜的看著你的親人受傷、哭喊著最終死去 Watch your relatives getting killed crying finally dead
這一切都是我們親身經歷和目睹過的 These things we did experienced and saw
Lettow戰鬥至戰爭結束，並於1919年驕傲的回到柏林 Lettow survived undefeated to the very end, marching triumphantly through Berlin in 1919.
英國人沒能抓住他，即使他們派譴軍隊尾隨著 The British never caught him, even though they turned it into an African war
把整個非洲變成了戰場 and set an army on his tail.
不過英國和法國在他們的殖民地所儲備著的人力資源 But Britain and France had such reserves of manpower in their colonies
從1914年起，就開始運往歐洲 that from 1914, they shipped them to Europe.
這些法國彩色照片記錄下了 在西線服役的來自世界各地的人們 Remarkable French colour photographs of the world that came to serve on the Western Front.
法國將軍Charles Mangin曾計算過 French General Charles Mangin had calculated
法國能在殖民地動員30萬人到歐洲作戰 that France could raise up to 300,000 from her empire for Europe.
沒有人相信他 No-one believed him.
但事實上，他們動員了60萬人 But, in fact, they mobilised double that number.
Mangin將軍：黑人軍隊有著些的優秀品質 MANGIN : Black troops have precisely those qualities
也正是在現代戰爭中要長時間磨練才能獲得的品質 which are demanded in the long struggles of modern war
耐心、頑強不屈的作戰本能 endurance tenacity the instinct for combat
冷靜而又能在瞬間產生的爆發力 the absence of nervousness and an incomparable power of shock
他們不僅是喜歡危險的冒險生涯 Not only do they enjoy danger a life of adventure
而且是實質上的享受成癮 （不知道單詞dicisplinable的意思，胡亂翻譯的） but they are also essentially dicisplinable
人們開始躲避與逃離營地 People started hiding and running away from the camp
那兒有著各種各樣的疾病，甚至是心理疾病 There were all kinds of illnesses even psychological illness
人們不知道他們要去那裡，也不知道他們為何要參加戰鬥 People didn't know where they were going or even why they were fighting
有傳言說：我們會被當作奴隸賣掉再也不會回家 There were rumours that we would never come back that we are going to be sold as slaves
印度在戰爭中為英帝國提供了175萬人 India provided Britain with 1 3/4 million men in the war.
從一開始他們就被投入到那些最殘酷的戰鬥 They had been thrown into some of the toughest fighting from the start.
一個印度士兵寫信給朋友 One Indian wrote to a friend:
這場戰爭是個災難，令我飄洋過海生活在這裡 The war is a calamity on three worlds and has caused me to cross the seas and live here
這兒天氣寒冷的無法用語言來描述 The cold is so great that it cannot be described
我們已經有四個月沒有見到太陽了 We have not seen the sun for four months
我們都是犧牲品 Thus we are sacrificed
我晚上不能安睡，白天也不能娛樂 I have neither slept by night nor ease by day
真希望這場戰爭從沒有爆發，以後也永遠不要發生 There can never have been such a war before nor will there ever be again
一些人如Jason Jingo，過去習慣於殖民地種族主義統治的人 Some men like Jason Jingo, used to the habitual racism of colonial rule,
回家時擁有了更多的自尊 returned home with greater self-esteem.
我們喜歡待在法國的光陰 We had liked all time in France
這是我們在沒有種族歧視環境中的第一次經歷 It was our first experience of living in a society without a colour bar
我們與在家鄉的人們不同 We were different from the other people at home
所展現出的行為舉止 Our behaviour as we showed the South Africans
在某些方面甚至超出了他們對本國公民的期望 was something more than they'd expected from a native
我們不僅效仿歐洲人的禮貌與風俗，還與他們一起生活過 We had copied the manners and customs of the Europeans and not only copied, we lived them
但是當Jason Jingo和其他倖存者回去時 非洲已經不再是大戰以前的非洲的了 But it wasn't the same Africa Jason Jingo and the other survivors came back to after the war.
一旦被帝國主義染指，非洲的許多地方已變成了荒蕪之地 The empires which once carved it up had now turned parts of it into a wasteland,
正如德國軍醫Ludwig Deppe所指出的 as German medic Ludwig Deppe realised.
我們離開後留下的是被毀壞的土地，饑荒即將到來 Behind us we leave destroyed fields and for the immediate future starvation
我們不再是文質彬彬的間諜了 We are no longer the agents of civilization
無情的掠奪和遺棄的村莊是我們所到之處的標記 Our path is marked by death plundering and deserted villages
非洲民族主義的爆發還需要些時日，但是有些國家出現了萌芽 It would be years before African nationalism took off, but a few had begun the journey.
在1914年，John Chilembwe向 戰爭的本質與非洲在其中的處境提出質疑 In 1914, John Chilembwe challenged the basis of the war and Africa's place in it.
他的言辭在未來幾年裡始終縈繞著殖民地官員們 And his words would haunt colonial officials for years to come.
應該讓那些富裕的銀行家、有各種頭銜的男人 Let the rich mean bankers, titled men
店主、農場主和地主們去打仗和挨槍子 storekeepers, farmers and landlords go to war and get shot
讓那些非洲窮人原離戰爭吧，他們在當今的這個世界一無所有 Instead the poor Africans who have nothing to own in this present world
他們戰死後遺留下的大批寡婦與孤兒，都處於無法想像的悲慘境地 who in death leave only a long line of widows and orphans in utter want and dire distress
巨大傷亡的戰爭本與他們毫無關係 are invited to die for a cause which is not theirs
德國發動了場矚目的全球戰爭 Germany had fought a remarkable global war.
但是為此她要付出代價是： 她的巡洋艦、她的無線電網絡以及她的所有殖民地 But it cost her her cruisers, her wireless network, and all her colonies.
同時也迫使英國和法國將他們的殖民地與盟國都捲入了戰爭 Yet Germany had forced Britain and France to call on their empires and lean on their allies.
在這進程中，打破了他們原有的勢力平衡， 逐漸形成了他們各自的帝國 In the process, these flexed their muscles and formed empires of their own.
第一次世界大戰見證了最後一次對非洲的爭奪 The First World War saw the last scramble for Africa.
凱撒所憎恨的那些事物----搶佔土地，貪慾和資本主義 And the ideas the Kaiser had so hated land-grabbing, avarice and capitalism
事實上被傳播的更加廣泛 had in fact been spread wider.
就目前而言，帝國主義比以往任何時候都顯得成功 For the moment, imperialism looked more successful than it had ever been.
在下一集的第一次世界大戰中將介紹： In the next episode of the First World War:
中東發出了聖戰的呼喚 the call goes out for jihad, holy war, in the Middle East,
英軍在加裡波利的噩夢，以及亞美尼亞民族的滅頂之災 the nightmare of Gallipoli and the agony of the Armenian people.