(wheel squeaks) 车轮声
在1960—1964年期间，有6次尝试
去火星的任务
(rocket whines) 火箭声
所有的都失败了
现在到达红色星球的希望就是水手4号
All stations on the Marinette, 水手号任务的所有站点，
this is flight director. 我是任务指挥
The ATC25 command has been sent. ATC25命令已发送
My job was chief engineer for Mariner 4. 我当时是水手4号的总工程师
We're sending a spacecraft from Earth to Mars 我们要从地球发射飞船到火星
on a journey that's gonna last nine months. 一次持续九个月的长途旅行
Half the distance to the sun, almost. 距离火星差不多是距离太阳的一半
You're plowing new ground. 你在开拓新的领域
All stations stand by for 所有站点待命
status reports and-- 等候状态报告和——
The launch was a little bit scary 发射的时候有点担惊受怕
because maybe half the launches blew up on the pad, 因为可能有一半的发射都会在发射台上爆炸，
and there was a lot of other failures. 还有很多其他的失败
They have affirmed. 他们肯定了
Spacecraft-- 飞船--
The reason people come down to watch a launch 人们来观看发射的原因
is they're hoping to see an explosion. 他们希望看到爆炸的场面
That's usually the period of time 那真的是一段时间
where things, if they're gonna go wrong, do go wrong. 如果事情会出错，就一定要出错
Six, five, four, three. 六，五，四，三
(rocket engine rumbles) 火箭发动机声
Two, one, zero. 二，一，零
This thing could fail. 这东西可能失败
Ignition. 点火
(rocket engine rumbles) 火箭发动机轰鸣
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Lift off, roger, 0.3 seconds. 起飞，收到，0.3秒
We're on our way, roger. 我们在路上，收到
(dramatic music) 音乐声
I think for Mariner 4, 我想对水手4号来说，
there's a great sense of hope. 有一种强烈的期待
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Mars has a sense of romance about it because it's a place. 火星有一种浪漫的感觉，因为它是一个地方
It's a planet; it's another world. 这是一颗行星；这是另一个世界
All stations, this is Ace 1. 各站，这里是1号
It's as close as we can see in the solar system 它是在太阳系中所能看到的，距离我们很近
to something being Earth-like. 的类地球行星
We'd like to report the spacecraft is sun acquired. 我们想说这是绕太阳的飞船
You're doing something for the first time. 这是第一次做到
The prospects and possibilities are really enticing. 展望和前景真的很吸引人
Are we alone? 我们是孤单的吗？
What story does Mars have for Earth? 火星能告诉地球什么故事？
It's the stuff of dreams. 这是梦想
(dramatic music) 音乐声
I think Mars has held the fascination of the public 我认为火星一直吸引着公众
because we've had these visions, 因为我们有这些幻想，
thanks to science and science fiction, 多亏了科学和科幻小说，
that it was this place where there 就是在这个地方
was a thriving alien civilization. 有繁荣的外星文明
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Percival Lowell wrote several books on Mars 珀西瓦尔·洛厄尔写了几本关于火星
and its past civilizations. 及其过去文明的书
He talked of canals being built to transport water. 他写到修建运河是为了运输水
Aliens and Mars have been hooked together 外星人和火星已经绑在一起了
ever since those early days. 从这个时候开始
I remember hearing when I was in grade school 我记得在小学的时候就听说过
that there might even be intelligent life up there. 在那里可能有智能生命
Might even be more intelligent than on Earth. 甚至可能比地球人还聪明
It was a just a total, total unknown. 这都是完全未知数
People didn't know. 人们不知道
Welcome, Number One. 欢迎，第一
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Secrets of the Solar System：Mars 太阳系的秘密：火星
This is Mariner Control Center at JPL. 这是JPL的水手号控制中心
Mariner is 134.217 million miles from Earth, 水手号距地球13421.7万英里，
and 50,142 miles from Mars. 距火星50142英里
So it's July of 1965, 1965年7月，
and we're about to have this encounter with Mars. 我们即将与火星相遇
2815. 2815
We received a signal that means 我们收到的信号意味着
the spacecraft had detected the planet. 飞船已经探测到了这颗行星
0.74 degrees from where we wanna be. 离我们想去的地方偏了0.74度
Yeah, I noticed that. 是的，我注意到了
We'd all gathered together. 我们都聚集在一起
Lot of people had their fingers crossed. 很多人交叉手指祝福
Other people are smoking cigarettes. 有些人在抽烟
About 12 minutes from now, 大约12分钟后，
we should be able to determine that the recorder is running. 我们应该能够确定录像机正在运行
Although we will not be able to determine definitely 尽管我们无法确定
whether pictures are actually being recorded on the tape 录像带上是否有照片
until they are played back. 直到它们被回放
(dramatic music) 音乐声
距地球1.24亿英里
The flyby itself takes a matter of hours. 飞掠火星本身需要几个小时
(gentle music) 音乐声
The spacecraft automatically took 宇宙飞船自动地拍摄了
a set of about 22 pictures. 一组大约22张照片
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Picture will cover an area of approximately 图片将覆盖大约
176 miles square on the sunlit rim of the planet. 176英里见方，位于太阳照耀下的星球
(dramatic music) 音乐声
There's some cheering, 有人欢呼，
but mainly it's just relief that yeah, we did it. 但主要是松了一口气，我们终于做到了
(dramatic music) 音乐声
What are we gonna do when we see H-E-L-P 当我们看到救命（HELP）的时候该怎么办
stamped out in the sand? 如果在沙子上出现了字母？
(man laughs) 笑声
The scientific instruments 科学仪器正在
are sending back data, and that's of interest, 发回数据，这很有趣，
but of course what we're waiting for are the pictures. 但我们当然在等照片
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The pictures were everything. 照片才是一切
But-- 但是
The picture-taking sequence 拍照的顺序
was not precisely as predicted. 并不像预期的那样准确
There were some anomalies in the telemetry. 遥测中有些异常
The last I heard, there was some funny business 最后听说，有件有趣的事
in the first 10 picture recordings. 在拍前10张照片的时候
There were extra stop record signals. 有额外的停止记录信号
So there was speculation that the tape recorder 所以有人猜测录像机是过早启动，
had started and then stopped early. 然后又过早停止
The mission operators and our bosses, 任务负责人和我们的老板，
they thought the worst. 他们做了最坏打算
The TV system, which should have turned 原本应该打开和关闭录像机的
the tape recorder on and off, may have failed. 电视系统可能出了故障
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The next morning, we were wanting to handle the issue 第二天早上，我们想处理这个问题
of proving to the bosses that the tape recorder was working. 向老板证明录像机在工作
There was a artist's shop on the way to work. 在去上班的路上有一家美术商店
So they bought these crayons called pastels, 所以他们买了这些彩色蜡笔，
then took them back up to JPL. 然后把它们带回JPL
(machine whines) 机器声
This data's coming back out of a teletype machine. 这些数据是从电传打字机里出来的
It's going tunk, tunk, tunk, tunk, tunk, tunk, tunk, tunk. 它就嗒，嗒，嗒，嗒，嗒，嗒，嗒，嗒
And then you had to take scissors and cut them up 然后你不得不拿剪刀把它们剪了
into strips and then mount those up on a board on the wall. 把它们做成条状，然后贴在墙上的木板上
The numbers represented the intensity 数字代表了强度
of light at one pixel. 一个像素的光点
Each one of those numbers, he assigned a color. 每一个数字，他都指定了一种颜色
And in that way, you assemble a paint-by-number picture. 这样，你就可以组成一幅按数字绘制的图片
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The picture was about 40,000 numbers. 这张照片大约有4万个数字
The word spread. 这个消息传开了
Other people started joining in, 其他人开始加入，
cutting tape, and coloring. 剪纸，涂色
(dramatic music) 音乐声
And it took eight hours to finish the picture. 花了八个小时才完成这幅画
When we saw the final image, 当我们看到最后的图像时，
we had accidentally created a piece of art. 我们无意中创造了一件艺术品
(dramatic music) 音乐声
And then, a TV crew arrived and broadcast the picture. 然后，一个电视台的工作人员赶到并报道了这张照片
And it represented the first image of Mars taken 它代表了第一张火星照片
from any place but the surface of the Earth. 从地球表面以外的地方拍摄的第一张图像
And it was really a stunning thing to see. 这真是一件令人惊叹的事情
The colors were vivid. 颜色很生动
It was very saturated and beautiful. 它是非常饱满和美丽的
(dramatic music) 音乐声
It was really striking. 真是太惊人了
So when you finally saw the real photographs-- 所以当你终于看到真正的照片--
Face down, right? 正面朝下，是吗？
Yeah, face down. 是，正面朝下
(dramatic music) 音乐声
It was this horrid-looking, gray, dead world. 这是一个可怕的，灰色，死亡的世界
(dramatic music) 音乐声
When the Mariner's pictures came back, 当水手号的照片发回来时，
all it showed was craters just like the moon. 它所显示的只是像月球一样的陨石坑
It was kind of a big disappointment. 真的让人失望
(dramatic music) 音乐声
It didn't show any indications of canals 它没有显示任何运河的迹象
and past civilizations. 以及过去的文明
It was a letdown. 让人沮丧
(dramatic music) 音乐声
For the public, who had grown up with this idea 对公众来说，他们从小就有这个想法
of Mars as a place that could be thought of 火星曾是一个可以想象为
as another Earth, that whole Martian empire 另一个地球的地方，然而整个火星帝国
was just smashed to red dust in an instant. 瞬间被粉碎为一片红色尘土
This planet died. 这颗星球死了
Mars died. 火星死掉了
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Mariner 6 and 7 come along. 水手6号和水手7号也发射了
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Mariner 6 sent back 75 images. 水手6号发回75张图片
Mariner 7 sent back 125. 水手7号发回125张
They're still very limited. 它们仍然非常有限
It's just a flyby, right? 只是飞掠而已，对吧？
(rocket engine rumbles) 火箭发动机声
So Mariner 9 comes along in 1971. 所以水手9号在1971年发射
Public interest is starting to wane. 公众的兴趣开始减弱
There's a certain ennui about 有点倦怠了
we've been there, we've done that. 我们已经到了那里，做到了
What's the big deal? 还有什么大不了的？
(rocket engine rumbles) 火箭发动机声
Unfortunately, as we approached the planet, 不幸的是，当我们接近这颗星球时，
we realize that there's this huge dust storm 我们意识到有一场巨大的沙尘暴
that was pretty well masking everything on the surface. 完全地掩盖了表面上的一切
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Mariner 9 was reprogrammed by NASA to hold back. 美国宇航局对“水手9号”上传了新代码，进入待命状态
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We had no idea how long the storm was going to last, 我们不知道风暴要持续多久，
and this is critical because we were using up resources 这很关键，因为我们正在耗尽飞船的资源
on the spacecraft and we're getting a little concerned. 我们开始有点担心
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The dust storm lasted about three months. 沙尘暴持续了大约三个月
Fortunately, the planet started to clear. 幸运的是，星球逐渐开始清晰
(dramatic music) 音乐声
And it revealed all these incredible geologic features. 它显示出所有这些不可思议的地质特征
(dramatic music) 音乐声
It was a geologic wonderland. 那是一个地质奇境
(dramatic music) 音乐声
There are channels. 有沟渠
(dramatic music) 音乐声
There are canyons. 有峡谷
(dramatic music) 音乐声
There's this huge canyon that was 有一个巨大的峡谷
as long as the United States is wide. 和美国的宽度一样长
(dramatic music) 音乐声
There were things that really shook our foundation. 有些事情真的动摇了我们掌握的基本原理
(dramatic music) 音乐声
And Olympus Mons is that object. 奥林匹斯山就是那个标志
(dramatic music) 音乐声
If you stuck in on the United States, 如果你把奥林匹斯山放在美国，
you would cover the state of Missouri. 就能盖住密苏里州
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The top is almost poking out of the atmosphere of Mars. 顶部几乎从火星的大气层中探出
Mars is just an incredibly different planet 火星只是一个完全不同的星球
from what we had expected. 距离我们的期望甚远
(dramatic music) 音乐声
You could see waning channels and teardrop-shaped ions. 你可以看到冲毁的渠道和泪滴状的点子
Everything you could tell had been molded by some flow. 你所发现的一切都是由某种流动形成的
The only reasonable expectation was that 唯一合理的想法是
these were eroded by large water floods. 这些都是大洪水侵蚀的痕迹
(dramatic music) 音乐声
You see deltas, like the end of the Nile delta 你看到三角洲，就像尼罗河三角洲
that flowed into a low area which must have been 流入了一片低洼地区
the ancient ocean of Mars. 一定是古代的火星海洋
Of course, I mean it was beyond anybody's expectation, 当然，我是说这超出了任何人的预料，
even the canal builders (laughs). 甚至运河的建造者（笑声）
Mars was a blue planet in its past. 火星过去是一颗蓝色的行星
The question now is was that enough to start life? 现在的问题是，这是否足以创造出生命？
We need to go to Mars with a life mission. 我们要带着探测生命的任务去火星
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The next mission to Mars was gonna be the Viking mission. 下一个火星任务是海盗号任务
Now, this was the most ambitious mission 现在，这是最雄心勃勃的任务
that had ever been launched to Mars. 被发射到火星上
It had not one, but two orbiters. 它不止一个，而是两个轨道器
More than that, for the first time ever, 更重要的是，有史以来第一次，
NASA was gonna attempt to land a craft on Mars. 美国宇航局打算在火星上着陆
These were two separate landers, 这是两个独立的着陆器，
each of which had high-tech 每一个都有高科技的
stereo cameras, a robotic arm. 立体摄像机和一个机械臂
Perhaps most importantly though, 也许最重要的是，
they had the science experiments that 他们进行了科学实验，
they hoped would detect life. 希望能探测到生命
Nothing like this had been tried before. 像这样的事以前从没有试过
(dramatic music) 音乐声
People had to invent everything: 做任务的人必须发明一切：
heat shields, parachutes, throttable engines to land. 隔热板，降落伞，着陆的火箭发动机
We had to invent it all as we went. 我们得边干边研究
(dramatic music) 音乐声
minus Ten, nine, eight, seven. 倒数10,9,8,7
This is like the first cathedral, 这就像第一座大教堂，
the first Renaissance voyage over the oceans. 文艺复兴时期的第一次跨海航行
Two, one. 2,1
But it's to another planet. 但这是去另一颗星球
(rocket engine roars) 火箭发动机轰鸣
Ignition. 点火
That's big stuff. 那是件大事
Liftoff, liftoff. 起飞，升空
This was the culmination of years and years of work, 这是多年工作的成效，
so it was a lot of this as we watched it go up, 所以当我们看着它上升的时候百感交集，
but it went up just beautifully. 但它只是那么优美地起飞
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Well, between the launch and arrival at Mars 哦，从起飞到火星中间
was about nine months. 大约9个月
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We had no idea what to expect, 我们不知道会发生什么
even some very basic things 甚至一些很基本的东西
like what was the footing like (laughs). 比如踩上去是什么样的（笑声）
Were we gonna sink into a meter of dust? 会不会陷进1米厚的松软尘土里？
Good roll, attitude roll. 很好，角度很好
Give me post quarter back, firmware fired. 15分钟前信息返回，发动机点火了
There's no question whatsoever 毫无疑问的
that landing on Mars was one of the most 登陆火星是最
difficult technological jobs 困难的技术难题
that the human species has ever tried. 人类曾经尝试过的
ACS confirms coordinate transformation change. ACS确认坐标转换
We released the lander. 我们释放了登陆器
You have flight. 飞行控制中
We have jet minus 105.1. 飞行角度-105.1
Three is in sync. 3个是同步的
And at that point, it is going thousands of miles an hour 在那时，它的时速很高
as it hits the Martian atmosphere. 当它进入火星大气层的时候
59,000 feet coming up on-- 59000英尺高--
So the air shell slows you down, 所以隔热罩减缓了速度，
you're still going faster than the speed of sound. 但这个速度还是比音速快
Burn, lander confirmed, parachute deployed. 燃烧，着陆器确认，降落伞展开
We have one, we have two. 第一步确认，第二步确认
Then the supersonic parachute is deployed. 然后超音速降落伞展开
Link deployed. 链接已上线
At one mile in altitude, the parachute was jettisoned. 在一英里高空，降落伞被抛掉了
The parachute separation okay. 降落伞分离成功
So then we have to fire the engines 然后我们得把发动机点火
all the way to the ground. 一直降落到地面上
188 feet per second. 每秒188英尺
We were holding our breath each and every moment. 我们时刻都在屏住呼吸
(dramatic music) 音乐声
It had never been done before. 以前从未做过的事
Feet per second.Come on. 每秒几英尺，加油
ACS is close to vertical. ACS接近垂直
Feet first time. 每秒速度降到英尺
ACS is green, 1.5 feet per second max. ACS良好，每秒不超过1.5英尺
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Touchdown, we have. 着陆，有了！
(men cheer) 欢呼声
Fantastic, 16 kilobits. 太棒了，16kb
(men cheer) 欢呼声
Hold it, hold it. 稳住，稳住
Yes, we have a touchdown time of 12 hours, 是的，我们的触地时间是12小时
12 minutes, 07 decimal one second. 12分07.1秒
What we knew when it landed on the surface 当它降落在地面时我们所知道的
was only that a signal was being transmitted. 只是一个信号正在被传送
We knew nothing else. 我们没有其他的信息
We had to wait 40 minutes. 必须等待40分钟
Waiting for the data to start coming up. 等待数据开始传输过来
The landing camera, it basically scanned like this. 着陆摄像机，基本上是这样拍的
There's a rare piece of information coming in. 有一条信息碎片传来
Strips of the picture became available, 能看到条状的图片了
little by little by little. 一点又一点又一点
All right, a few rocks. 好了，一些石头
Oh, that's beautiful. 哦，很漂亮
May not look like much, but it's lovely. 也许看起来不太符合期待，但很可爱
(man laughs) 笑声
Started seeing some dirt, 先是看到一些土，
then we started seeing some rocks. 可以看到一些石头
Then we started seeing more rocks. 然后我们看到更多的石头
It's just incredible 真是不可思议
to see that Mars is really there. 亲眼看到火星在那里
Then we started seeing the footpad. 然后我们看到了支撑板
(group applauds) （集体鼓掌）
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Seeing that first picture back was just thrilling. 看到第一张照片传回来真是太刺激了
It was revolutionary. 这是革命性的成果
(cork pops) 软木塞弹出
I felt this was a more thrilling moment than Apollo 11. 我觉得这是一个比阿波罗11号更激动人心的时刻
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Some hours later, the first image of the horizon comes in. 几个小时后，地平线的第一个图像出现了
And that did elicit gasps. 这真是让人喘不过气来
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Well, the first pictures from each 好吧，两个海盗号传回的
of the two Viking landers 第一张照片
were each moments in human history to be remembered. 都是人类历史上值得铭记的时刻
(dramatic music) 音乐声
They were geological snapshots 它们是地质快照
into the workings of another world. 领我们进入另一个世界
It was a world with climate. 这是一个有气候的世界
We saw frost condesates form on Mars. 我们看到火星上有霜凝结
We saw the sunset; we took early morning sunrise. 我们看到了日落；我们拍摄了清晨的日出
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We watched dust storms over the period 我们看到了沙尘暴
of hundreds of sols. 持续数百天
It's not easily forgotten. 让人难以忘记
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We are the only generation that will ever explore 我们是探索的一代
the solar system for the first time. 第一次去探索太阳系
When we landed successfully on Mars, 当我们成功登陆火星时，
humanity had for the first time 人类第一次
become a category two species. 成为第二类文明
A category one species is one whose sphere 一类文明生活在发源星球
of influence is only its planet and its moons. 影响的只有它的行星和卫星
A category two species reaches out 第二类文明出发探索
and discovers what's in its solar system. 它所生存的恒星系
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We still knew there was everything ahead of us. 我们知道更多的还在前面
We were just sort of dying to get our hands 我们急切地想摸到
into the soil, so to speak. 火星的土壤，可以这么说
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We wanted to find out if there was life on Mars. 我们想知道火星上是否有生命
Well, how do you do that back in that day? 但，那个时候你该怎么做呢？
I understand that when proposals were 我知道那些提案
submitted to send experiments to Mars 向火星发射的实验被提交，
that one guy had submitted a proposal 有一个人提交了一份提案
of just putting a little pan of food out there (laughs). 只是在那里放一小盘食物（笑声）
(calm gentle music) 音乐声
The life science experiments for Viking 海盗号的生命科学实验
were fairly basic in design, but very ingenious. 在设计上相当基础，但非常巧妙
We humans, we breathe in oxygen, but we exhale CO2. 我们人类，呼吸氧气，呼出二氧化碳
Plants breathe in CO2 and they release oxygen. 植物吸入二氧化碳并释放氧气
In other words, metabolism. 换句话说，新陈代谢
The biology experiment on Viking 海盗号的生物实验
had three separate investigations 有三个独立的调查
and each one was testing for a different type of metabolism. 每个都在测试不同类型的新陈代谢
When NASA accepted my experiment, 当美国宇航局接受我的实验时，
we called it Gulliver because it was going 我们给它命名格列佛是因为它
to a far-off place looking for tiny little beings. 要去一个遥远的地方寻找小生命
But NASA changed it to a much more serious name, 但是美国宇航局把它改成了一个更严肃的名字，
the Labeled Release Experiment. 标记释放实验
I hated it; I really did. 我讨厌它，真的
Such a dumb name. 这么愚蠢的名字
(dramatic music) 音乐声
(clock ticks) 钟表滴答声
It took 12 days after Viking landed 海盗号着陆以后，我们花了12天
before we conducted the first experiment. 开始进行第一次实验
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The Viking arm extends out 海盗的手臂伸出
about 10 or 12 feet from the spacecraft. 飞船以外约10—12英尺
(dramatic music) 音乐声
It then is dragged back in, collecting its sample, 然后把它收回去，收集样本，
which it puts into a sample distribution box. 放进样品分发箱
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Samples are then distributed to the individual experiments. 然后将样本分配给各个实验
(clock ticks) 钟表滴答声
The experiment ran for seven days. 实验进行了七天
(dramatic music) 音乐声
To say that there's life on Mars 如果说火星上有生命
would be an astronomical discovery, 将是一个天文发现，
probably the a greatest discovery ever ever. 可能是有史以来最伟大的发现
(dramatic music) 音乐声
It was 10 days before the first data 10天后的才拿到第一个数据
came in from the Labeled Release experiment. 来自标记释放实验
(clock ticks) 钟表滴答声
I was surrounded by several members of the team, 我被几个团队成员围着，
including Gil, and I hit the print button and we all waited. 包括吉尔在内，我按了打印键，大家都等着
(clock ticks) 钟表滴答声
Then all of a sudden, in a flash. 然后突然，在一瞬间
(dramatic music) 音乐声
There were the data points, and it was a positive response. 有数据显示，这是一个阳性结果
I was stunned; "My God, it's positive," I said. 我惊呆了。“天哪，这是肯定的，”我说
That's life, I know it, I know it when I see it. 这就是生命，我知道，我看到它就知道
It was clearly a positive response. 这显然是一个阳性结果
No questions about it. 没有疑问
It appeared that there really was life there. 看来那里真的有生命
(dramatic music) 音乐声
I sent out for cigars and champagne. 我派人去拿雪茄和香槟
I had all 10 or 11 people sign that first graph 我让所有10或11个人在第一张图纸
that came down on which I wrote, 上签名，我写下了
"Tonight, it all began tonight, it all began tonight." “今晚，一切从今晚开始，一切从今晚开始。”
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Suddenly, everybody on the Viking 突然，海盗号任务的每个人
mission became a biologist, 都成了生物学家，
and nobody was willing to say that that was life. 没人愿意说那就是生命，
They all had alternative explanations for it. 他们都有自己不同的解释
My best guess at this point would be-- 我觉得最合理的猜测是--
The general interpretation was well, 大概的解释就是
there must have been something geologic 那里一定有一些地质
or some property of the soil on Mars 或者是土壤的特性
that gave this positive result. 导致了这个阳性结果
Exotic things like super oxides. 奇异的东西，比如超氧化物
I didn't even know what a super oxide was. 我甚至不知道什么是超氧化物
Maybe it had something to do 可能是和高氯酸盐
with the presence of perchlorates 的存在有关
which are a particular type of salt 它们是一种特殊的盐，
and they can cause some funky things to happen in soil. 会导致土壤中发生一些奇怪的现象
That could have had some affect on the results. 这可能会对结果产生一些影响
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The second factor was that another experiment, 第二个因素是另一个实验，
which was Norm Horowitz, did not see important responses 诺姆·霍洛维兹，没有看到重要的反应
to what they did to the soil. 通过他们的土壤实验
At least there are no data that it's because-- 至少没有任何数据，表明了这是因为……
Norm Horowitz was far more skeptical, 诺姆·霍洛维兹不仅仅持怀疑态度，
and he was absolutely convinced there 他所坚信的观点是
wasn't any life on Mars. 火星上没有生命
They're made out of carbonaceous material. 它们是由含碳物质组成的
We don't know-- 我们不知道……
Norm Horowitz's position was very strange. 诺姆·霍洛维兹的观点很奇怪
There's no evidence there there is a -- 没有任何证据表明那里……
He said not only is there no life on Mars, 他说火星上不仅没有生命，
but we now know why there's no life on Mars. 而且我们现在知道为什么火星上没有生命了
It has no liquid water. 它没有液态水
I feel he was not objective (laughs). 我觉得他不客观（笑声）
Scientists has to keep an open mind. 科学家必须保持开放的心态
The concept of saying, okay, we found life 要想确认我们发现了生命
was all about each of these experiments 都是关于这些实验的
were going to be able to say 结果都可以证明
I found life, I found life, I found life. 我找到生命，我找到生命，我找到生命
So you had a positive indication for each one of those. 所以你对每一个实验都有阳性的结果
The other two life detection tests were negative. 而另外两个生命检测均为阴性
(dramatic music) 音乐
Skepticism mounted, except in the case of. 怀疑情绪高涨，除了实验团队
NASA didn't entertain 美国宇航局没有考虑到
that the error may have been 这个错误可能是由于
with the instrument looking for organic matter. 用仪器寻找有机物的时候出错了
We don't know that yet. 我们还不知道
We have not definitely proved that Viking 我们没有完全的证据，证明海盗号
did not find life. 没有找到生命
Unfortunately, the people who were the 不幸的是，那些最高级别的
highest-ranking scientists had their say 科学家有发言权
and drowned out the people who were saying, 淹没了那些声音，
"But, but, but, but." “但是，但是，但是，但是”
(dramatic music) 音乐声
(loud chatter) 争论声
Zilch, there was nothing. 完事儿了，什么也没有
(dramatic music) 音乐
So Norman Horowitz concludes at the end of this process, 所以诺曼·霍洛维兹在这个过程结束时总结道，
"It is now virtually certain that the Earth “现在几乎可以肯定的是，地球
"is the only life-bearing planet “是唯一有生命的行星
"in our region of the galaxy. “在我们附近的银河系区域
"We have waked from a dream. “我们从梦中醒来
"We are alone." “我们是孤单的”
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Well, how does he know (laughs)? 好吧，他怎么知道的（笑声）？
(dramatic music) 音乐
I sent him a letter trying to convince him, 我给他写了封信想说服他，
and he sent me a letter back saying, 他给我回信说，
"Gil, what you said is all nonsense, “吉尔，你说的都是废话，
"and there's no reason for us to communicate any further." “我们没有理由再进一步沟通了。”
That broke my heart. 那伤了我的心
Yeah. 是的
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Blast off. 发射
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The Viking results certainly caused 海盗号的结果肯定导致了
a hiatus in Mars exploration 火星探测任务的中断
and even longer hiatus in looking for life. 甚至寻找地外生命的任务有更长的中断
Picture will cover an area 图片将覆盖
of approximately 176 miles. 大约176英里的区域
We lost the Mars program for a whole 20 years. 我们失去了火星计划整整20年
What are we gonna do if we see H-E-L-P 如果我们看到救命（HELP）我们该怎么办
stamped in the sand? 在沙子上出现了字母？
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. 女士们、先生们，下午好
Welcome to NASA Headquarters 欢迎来到美国宇航局总部
and what promises to be a very exciting 这次肯定是很激动人心
and controversial news conference today. 但是有争议的新闻发布会
(dramatic music) 音乐声
So if I can introduce the team, 所以我介绍这个团队，
first, Everett Gibson from the Johnson Space Center. 首先，约翰逊航天中心的埃弗雷特·吉布森
He's a geochemist with over 20 years 他是一个地球化学家，有20多年经验
of investigations in lunar sample work. 在研究月球样品方面
In 1984, scientists were in the ice fields of Antarctica. 1984年，科学家们在南极洲的冰原上
(dramatic music) 音乐声
They found a rock that had a slightly unusual color to it. 他们发现了一块颜色有点不寻常的岩石
(dramatic music) 音乐声
And it was picked up and brought back. 把它捡起，带回来
And then the scientists at NASA 然后是美国宇航局的科学家
was able to analyze this rock, 分析这块岩石，
and he realized the gases that were trapped in this rock 他意识到包含在岩石里的气体
matched exactly the gases that the Viking 与海盗号的气体研究完全吻合
spacecraft has measured on the surface of Mars. 飞船在火星表面进行的测量
(dramatic music) 音乐声
He had a smoking gun. 他有了确切证据
We had a rock from Mars. 我们这块石头来自火星
What I would like to do this afternoon 今天下午我想做什么
is lead you through our story, 带你了解这个故事，
which is a bit of a detective story. 有点像侦探小说
We had a rock from Mars that in an area 我们有一块来自火星的岩石
it has these carbonate globules. 在来源区域有这些碳酸盐球
So what we then did is take some of the carbonate globules, 我们接下来要做的就是取一些碳酸盐球，
gave them false names, sent them to Stanford University. 给他们编号，送去斯坦福大学
They did the analysis. 他们做了分析
A spectrum appeared, organic matter in our samples. 一个光谱结果证明，在我们的样品中含有机物
I'd like to welcome everybody here today. 我想欢迎大家今天到来
It's an unbelievable day. 真是难以置信的一天
It's very, very exciting for me. 对我来说非常非常激动
Not just one sample, multiple samples. 不仅仅是一个样本，还有多个样本
The dedication, knowledge, and painstaking research. 奉献、学识和专注的研究
We worked on it for four years. 我们为此工作了四年
Have brought us to a day that may well 把我们带到了一个很可能
go down in history for American science, 被美国科学载入史册的时代，
for the American people, and indeed, humanity. 为了美国人民，也为了人类
One evening, we were looking around, 一天晚上，我们四处审视，
scanning and looking, and suddenly we 留心查看，然后我们
starting finding these segmented structures. 扫描和观察，突然我们开始发现这些分段的结构
And that caught our attention. 这引起了我们的注意
These segmented structures looked 这些分段的结构看起来
like a desiccated worm. 像一条脱水的蠕虫
If I could have the next slide. 请换下一张幻灯片
If you had a segmented worm, 如果你有一条分节的虫，
and you took all the water out of it, 把所有的水都拿走，
he would shrink and he'd leave 就会缩水然后剩下
this morphology that was left. 的就是这个形态
The simplest explanation to us is that they 最简单的解释是
are the remains of Martian life. 它们是火星生命的化石
This was a major discovery. 这是一个重大发现
I can honestly say that it's undoubtedly 老实说，这无疑是我
the most exciting time I've done 所做的最激动人心的工作
in my 27 years as a scientist. 在我27年的科学家生涯中
And so we put our data out there, 所以我们把资料放在那里，
and let the people shoot at it. 让人们对它照相
Questions, please? 有问题吗？
Jim. 吉姆
If this is correct, if you have found life 如果这是正确的，如果你发现火星上
once existed on Mars-- 曾经存在生命——
Additional work needs to be done. 还需要做更多的工作
I think it's science consensus built slowly. 我认为这是慢慢建立起来的科学共识
If you could characterize a smoking gun. 如果你能拿出确凿的证据
Who is to say that we are not all Martians? 谁说我们不都是火星人？
David Chandler from the Boston Globe. 波士顿环球报的大卫·钱德勒
One of the investigators of the Viking life detection tests 海盗号生命检测试验的调查人员之一
has maintained the Labeled Release experiment did, 一直坚持标签释放实验的结果，
in fact, produce evidence of current life on Mars. 事实上，验证了火星上目前存在生命
Do you think there will be a reexamination 你认为会有重试
of the result of that experiment? 对那次的实验结果？
I think I'll handle that one. 我想我会做的
This result that you heard about today 你今天听到的这个结果
has only something to say about the possibility 只是关于生命存在的可能性
of life early in the planet's history, 在这颗星球的早期历史上，
but not really about-- 但是并不是真的……
Good afternoon. 下午好
Presidents don't tend to make big speeches about space, 总统一般不会就太空问题发表演讲，
so it took over the media. 所以这次新闻占据了媒体
If this discovery is confirmed, 如果这个发现被证实，
it will surely be one of the most stunning insights 这肯定是最令人惊叹的观点之一
into our universe that science has ever uncovered. 科学史上的发现，对我们宇宙的了解
But then when it started becoming more and more 但是当它开始变得越来越
scrutinized by other scientists taking a look at it, 受到其他科学家的关注时，
it became more and more generally accepted by the community 人们越来越普遍地认为，
that these were actually features that were left behind 这些实际上是地质作用
by a geological process and not by life. 而不是生命留下的特征
I am determined that the American space program 我坚信美国的太空计划
will put its full intellectual power 将把它的全部学术能力
and technological prowess behind the search 和技术能力用于
for further evidence of life on Mars. 寻找火星上生命的进一步证据
Liftoff with the Mars observer 火星观察者号升空
and America's return to the Red Planet. 以及美国重返红色星球
Even though that conclusion is still under 即使这个结论仍然在
a large amount of debate and question, 大量的争论和质疑中，
it did revitalize the interest in Mars. 它确实使人们重新对火星产生了兴趣
We're good symmetrical burn on all six outlets. 我们六个助推器是对称燃烧的
This story didn't have to be true 这个故事不一定非是真的
for people to get inspired. 人们才能得到鼓舞
Just the idea that there might be life on Mars 只是认为火星上可能有生命
was probably enough to get a bunch of people inspired. 可能就足以让一群人受到启发
Those findings stimulated a lot of attention to Mars, 这些发现激发了人们对火星的极大关注，
and that was beneficial. 这是有益处的
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The question was asked, 有人问问题，
do we go to the surface with some new thing? 我们带着新东西到火星上去吗？
Do we put outriggers on a lander to make it tougher? 我们是否在着陆器上安装外伸支架以使其更坚固？
Or do we move? 我们会移动吗？
They said, "Okay, what would science want?" 他们说，“好吧，科学上有什么要求？”
And science said, "We want to be mobile and go." 科学家说，“我们想移动并巡视。”
And so we went for it. 所以我们就去了
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Two Rovers, two landing sites, two payloads. 两个火星车，两个着陆点，两个有效载荷
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Spirit and Opportunity were two solar-powered robots 勇气号和机遇号是两个太阳能机器人
that would have the ability to rove around 有能力四处游走
and analyze rocks and soil on Mars. 分析火星上的岩石和土壤
And liftoff of the Delta 2 rocket 德尔塔2号火箭升空
carrying the Spirit from Earth to planet Mars. 把勇气号从地球带到火星
Now in the post-Viking era, 现在的后海盗号时代，
the mission shied away from explicitly searching for life, 任务回避了要去寻找生命，
and instead went for the next best thing. 而是去做一件关键的事
T plus 20 seconds. 加上20秒
Spirit and Opportunity never started 精神和机遇从未说过
out with the mantra of let's go find life. “让我们去寻找生命”这句咒语
We're approaching Mach 1. 我们正接近1马赫
But if you were to ask the astrobiologists, 但如果你问天体生物学家，
"Give me a definition of life, “给我一个生命的定义，
"so that I could go out and find it in the solar system, “这样我就可以在太阳系找到它，
"the key ingredient is water." “最关键的成分是水。”
Positions look good. 姿态看起来不错
So Spirit and Opportunity were 所以勇气号和机遇号
looking for water-modified rocks. 在寻找水成岩
Jettisoned all six solid. 抛弃了六个固体助推器
We've ignited the other three. 我们点燃了另外三个
The whole concept was let's follow the water. 整个任务概念是让我们去找水
(dramatic music) 音乐声
T plus 20 seconds. 加上20秒
And a good evening from the flight deck. 在飞行界面上祝大家晚上好
At this time, we are approximately 此时，我们大约距离
five minutes 53 seconds from equator of Mars. 火星赤道5分53秒
Weather today at the landing site 着陆场今天的天气
is expected to be fairly mild, 预计会相当温和，
with temperatures averaging about minus 15 degrees C. 平均气温约为零下15摄氏度
And there is no chance of rain today. 今天不可能下雨
At this time, we invite you to sit back, 现在，我们邀请你坐下来，
enjoy the landing. 享受降落的过程
It's gonna be ride. 相当短的旅程
Three, two, one. 3，2，1
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Vehicles have now hit the top 探测器现在已经进入
of the Martian atmosphere. 火星大气层
We are moving at a speed of 12,187 miles per hour. 我们以每小时12187英里的速度前进
Entry plus 30, altitude 60 miles. 进入30秒，高度60英里
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Parachutes deployed and ejected. 降落伞启动、弹出
(group cheers) 欢呼声
We have a positive indication of parachute deployed. 我们有降落伞展开的信号
Heat shield separation self detected. 检测到隔热板分离
(group applauds) 集体鼓掌
We have confirmation from the spacecraft 我们得到飞船的确认
that the flight has attempted to jettison. 飞船正试图脱离
Yes, it has fired. 好了，点火了
We have confirmation. 我们已经确认了
(group cheers) 欢呼声
The rockets have ignited. 火箭已经点火了
We are now awaiting confirmation 我们正在等待确认
of positive signals found on the rim. 收到成功的信号
Getting a bouncing signal. 收到弹跳信号
(group cheers) 欢呼声
Getting bounce signal. 收到弹跳信号
We are getting a bounce signal. 我们收到一个弹跳信号
Getting confirmation from spacecraft. 得到飞船的确认
Bouncing and alive on Mars, 在火星上蹦跳，
however this bouncing-- 但是这个反弹--
Stop, hold on. 停，等一下
We have a momentary loss of the signal. 我们失去了信号
As the spacecraft is bouncing on the surface, 当飞船在地面上弹跳时，
it is difficult to maintain lock. 很难保持锁定
We need to reacquire the signal 我们需要重新获得信号
to have positive confirmation of a safe landing. 以确认安全着陆
We're seeing it on the LCT. 我们在液晶屏上看到了
(group cheers) 欢呼声
We're on Mars, everybody. 我们登陆火星了，大家
(group cheers) 欢呼声
(group applauds) 集体鼓掌
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Spirit landed in a region called Gusev Crater. 勇气号降落在一个叫做古斯夫陨石坑的地区
During the landing site selection process, 在着陆地点选择过程中，
we used a camera that was on the Mars global surveyor. 我们使用了火星全球勘测者上的相机
And it trained and took pictures of the ground. 它飞过并拍摄地面照片
Gusev crater has a drainage channel 古斯夫陨石坑有一条水沟
that extends for thousands of kilometers 绵延数千公里
through the ancient highlands, 穿过古老的高地，
and looks like it filled that crater up with a lake. 看起来像是把陨石坑灌满了水
This was a location where sedimentary rocks 这里是个好地方，沉积岩层
that could tell us about the environment, 可以告诉我们环境变化，
when it was active, would be. 什么时候是活跃的
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We got images pretty quickly. 我们很快就得到了图像
(camera whines) 摄像机声
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We thought it might be landing 我们以为它会降落
in the middle of an old lake. 在一个湖的遗迹的中央
Unfortunately, we got there, 不幸的是，我们到了那里，
and we all we could see, basically, was volcanic stuff. 我们所能看到的基本上都是火成岩
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Gusev was basically a basaltic plain, which is lava flow. 古斯夫基本上是一个玄武岩平原，这是熔岩流
(camera whines) 摄像机声
So if the lake had ever been there, 所以如果湖水曾经出现过，
it had been covered by volcanic materials. 现在它被火山喷发的物质覆盖着
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We were crestfallen that none of our predictions 我们沮丧地发现我们的预测
about what materials would be there, we were wrong. 对地质成分的预测都是错误的
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Opportunity was completely different. 机遇号完全不同
Opportunity really hit the bullseye 机遇号真的击中靶心了
because it landed in a place called Isil Crater 因为它降落在一个叫做老鹰撞击坑的地方
in which Mother Nature's done you a big favor. 大自然帮了你大忙
At some point, she slammed a meteorite 在某个时刻，扔了一颗陨石
into the surface of the planet, 撞在星球表面
excavating this big hole and basically 挖出这个大洞，基本上
gave you this archeological dig, if you will. 给了你这个考古挖掘的机会
You land in the middle of it, 你降落在中间，
and all you gotta do is look around, 你只要四处看看，
and here's the history of Mars. 就是火星的历史
For geologists, outcrops are currency. 对地质学家来说，露出地表的岩石最重要
And we saw sedimentary rocks. 我们看到了沉积岩
(dramatic music) 音乐声
When geologists go out in the field here on Earth, 在地球上，当地质学家来到野外，
they wanna look for layers of sediment 他们想找沉积物积累
that have accumulated over time. 随着时间积累的岩层
(dramatic music) 音乐声
This is literally the historical pages 这简直就是历史的书页
of the book of the Earth. 地球之书的篇章
This level was where the dinosaurs were, 这一层是恐龙所在的地方，
and at this level, they died, 在这一层，他们死了，
and at this level, new life became. 在这个层上，新的生命开始了
You can just read that book of history. 你需要做的就是读那本历史书
That's what we found on Mars. 这就是我们在火星上发现的
Because they had the robotic arm 因为火星车有机械手臂
and they had instruments on the arm, 和手臂上的仪器，
you can find out exactly what they're composed of. 你可以知道它们是由什么组成的
There was this treasure trove of information 这是一个信息宝库
that just came flooding back. 喷涌而来
There were not igneous rocks. 没有火成岩
These were sedimentary rocks that would have been 这些是沉积岩
formed by liquid water. 由液态水形成
(dramatic music) 音乐声
They had gone through periods of groundwater 它们经历了埋在地下的时期
that had changed their composition, 地下水改变了它们的组成，
and it was a classic sedimentary sequence 这是一个有代表性的沉积序列，
that we've seen on the Earth in many places. 我们在地球上很多地方都看到过
And this is where it really gets interesting. 这才是真正有趣的地方
We see these little bead-like things in the soil. 我们在土里看到这些小珠子状的东西
We thought what could these be? 我们想这些会是什么？
Many people started conjecturing, 很多人开始猜测，
but when we put the infrared eyes on them, 但是当我们用红外线扫描他们的时候，
we can see iron and oxygen in them. 我们可以看到铁和氧
We're thinking, "Holy crap, Batman." 我们在想，“天哪，快来呀”
We found hematite. 我们发现了赤铁矿
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Hematite is a mineral here on Earth 赤铁矿是地球上的一种矿物
that's formed in water, 在水中形成的，
and a lot of it in moving water, 很多是在流动的水中，
that allows this mineral to be formed. 使这种矿物得以形成
And they were all over the place. 他们到处都是
Oh my gosh, we found the Holy Grail. 天哪，我们找到了圣杯
(dramatic music) 音乐声
So the whole point of the Mars 所以火星车最关键的
exploration Rovers was roving. 在火星的探索
We wanna move. 我们想要在火星移动
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Now the Spirit and Opportunity mission 尽管“勇气与机遇”号任务
was expected to last just 90 days. 预计只持续90天
But as both of them traversed the Martian surface, 但当它们穿越火星表面，
they soon blew right past that. 它们很快就超过了
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We hopped from crater and crater and crater 我们从一个又一个的陨石坑过去
and drove tens of kilometers. 开过数十千米远
They outdid their warranty by factors of hundreds. 他们的保修期超过了百倍
We're several years into the mission 我们已经执行任务好几年了
that we had real trouble with Spirit. 我们在勇气号上遇到了麻烦
Spirit had lost one drive wheel. 勇气号失去了一个驱动轮
In doing so, we got stuck in a sandy crater, 这时候，我们被困在了一个沙坑里，
and it was very difficult. 非常的难以脱身
And that was the end of Spirit, yeah. 那是勇气号的终结，是的。
(dramatic music) 音乐声
But Opportunity just shines like a radiant star, 但机遇号就像一颗闪耀的星星，
'cause this Rover keeps going and going and going. 因为这辆火星车一直在跑
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Opportunity really began to show evidence of past water. 机遇号真的开始证明过去的水的存在
We started to see the kind of mineral signatures 我们开始看到矿物的特征
that were the stuff of dreams, 是梦寐以求的东西，
that support water as a persistent liquid thing. 支持持续的液态水的观点
Water that forms and--Caused by water. 由水形成、由水引起的
Acid rain. 酸雨
River flows, groundwaters. 河流，地下水
If you were there when the water was there, 如果你在有水的时候在那里，
you could drink it. 你可以喝
This is just this ongoing saga of water. 这只是一个持续的水环境
Water, water, everywhere. 水，水，到处都是
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Then in 2012, a new Rover drops into the party. 然后在2012年，一辆新的火星车加入了派对
Curiosity, equipped with a drill 好奇号，带着钻头
and carrying an entire laboratory on its back. 背着整个实验室
This machine rolled into town 这台机器加入进来
and immediately changed our view of the Red Planet. 立刻改变了我们对红色星球的看法
(dramatic music) 音乐声
As we dug into the soils, and we found, 当我们在土壤里挖的时候，我们发现，
to our delight, it had carbon, hydrogen, 令我们高兴的是，它含有碳，氢，
oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur. 氧、氮、磷和硫
That's everything between these two fingers. 我手指捏的就是这些成分
All the right stuff that life is made of is on Mars. 所有生命组成的成分在火星上都有
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Meanwhile, after 15 years on the surface, 同时，在火星上呆了15年之后，
Opportunity had covered a record-breaking 28 miles, 机遇号的航程达到了创纪录的28英里，
documenting every step of the way. 每一步都是新纪录
It's this unstoppable machine. 这是一台势不可挡的机器
It just keeps driving. 它一直在开
(dramatic music) 音乐声
And then in June of 2018, 然后在2018年6月，
here's a dust storm in the distance. 远处有沙尘暴来袭
(dramatic music) 音乐声
It turns out to be a whopper. 原来是个超大的
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The sun was almost blacked out. 太阳几乎全黑了
And at that point, there was no power getting to the panels, 在那个时候，太阳能板没有电，
and we've lost contact. 我们失去了联系
(dramatic music) 音乐声
Four months, we don't hear anything. 四个月了，我们什么都没收到
It's gone silent. 它陷入了沉寂
We all just kind of held out hope. 我们都抱着希望
We tried for months and months and months 我们试了好几个月
until there was just nothing. 一直都是什么都没有
(dramatic music) 音乐声
And at that point, eventually you say that's the end, yeah. 在那个时候，最终你会说那是结束，是的
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We had one final day where they called the team 最后一天，他们打电话给我们团队
out to JPL, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 去JPL喷气推进实验室，
where anybody that wanted to come and be there 想来这里的人，想在现场
when they sent the final commands could come. 在他们发出最后指令的时候
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We had all gathered in this area called the dark room, 我们都聚集在一个叫做暗室的地方，
overlooking mission operations, 纵览任务行动，
and we're watching the flight commanders 我们在看着任务指挥
sending off the last commands to the Rover. 向火星车发出最后的指令
We did basically four final pings. 基本上就是四个最后的ping
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The light-time delay comes and goes. 光速的延时来了又去
We got no signal. 我们没有收到信号
And everybody just kind of sits there in silence. 每个人都静静地坐在那里
(dramatic music) 音乐声
And then the manager of the mission, John Callas-- 然后是任务指挥约翰·卡拉斯--
This concludes operations for MER-1, MER-1的操作到此结束，
spacecraft ID 253. 飞船代码253
Says thank you for your 15 years of service. 感谢你15年的服务
Thank you. 谢谢
But this is the end, 但这就是结局，
so this is MER signing off the net. 所以这时MER断开链接
MER project off the net. MER项目断开链接
(dramatic music) 音乐声
In the dark room, it was just silent, 在暗室里，寂静无声，
and everybody's kind of looking around 每个人都在四处张望
and we're like, "This is it; this is actually the end." 我们会想，“就是这样，这就是结局。”
(dramatic music) 音乐声
It definitely lead to a lot of tears. 这让很多人流下了眼泪
(dramatic music) 音乐声
When we look at these missions, it's an enormous legacy. 当我们看到这些任务时，这是一笔巨大的遗产
(dramatic music) 音乐声
What we know about Mars really has been 我们对火星的了解
built up over a series of missions, 是通过一系列的任务建立起来的，
and we've learned really spectacular 我们学到了非常惊人的东西
things in each and every one of them. 在每一次，在所有的任务中
(dramatic music) 音乐声
We've gone from this first rapid flyby 我们从第一次飞掠任务
that sent back 22 images to today, 发回22张照片到今天，
we've discovered that's it's not a dry, dead world. 我们发现这不是一个干涸、死亡的世界
Four billion years ago, if I stood on Olympus Mons, 40亿年前，如果我站在奥林匹斯山上，
I would see a vast ocean and begin to see the land. 我会看到一片辽阔的海洋，看到陆地
And maybe on that land was vegetation. 也许那片土地上有植被
Mars was wet, warm, wonderful, 火星曾是湿的，温暖的，美妙的，
and there's no reason to believe that life 没有理由相信
did not develop on Mars four billion years ago. 40亿年前火星上没有生命
(dramatic music) 音乐声
The story is getting sharper. 事实越来越清楚了
Water, habitable environments in the past, 水，过去的宜居环境，
organic molecules, this is a new Mars. 有机分子，这是一个新的火星
The story's only gonna get better. 事情的发展只会变得更好
(dramatic music) 音乐声
2020年NASA要发射火星任务，寻找过去生命存在的证据
吉尔·莱文继续努力证明1976年他在火星上发现了生命
I am now 95 years old. 我现在95岁了
Never give up, never, never, 永不放弃，永不，永不，
never, et cetera (laughs). 从来没有（笑声）
(dramatic music) 音乐声
翻译：火星学会