how can we follow a piece of classical 我们如何遵循经典
music how do composers structure their 音乐作曲家如何构造自己的音乐
pieces and what can we latch on to when 件，什么时候我们可以锁定
listening to make our experience more 倾听以增加我们的经验
enjoyable in this video I want to 在这部影片中我很喜欢
introduce you to a fundamental idea 向您介绍一个基本概念
which is used in a huge amount of 大量使用
classical music and I hope that this 古典音乐，我希望这
idea will help you to follow and 这个想法将帮助您关注和
appreciate music with a greater 更欣赏音乐
understanding I like to call it a 理解我喜欢称之为
musical argument not argument is a 音乐论证而不是论证是一种
bickering or a bar fight but more the 吵架或打架，但更多
kind of argument you find in a speech 您在演讲中发现的一种论点
debate or essay first an idea is 首先辩论或论文
presented and then this idea is 提出，然后这个想法是
reinforced developed and allowed to grow 增强发展并允许增长
and flourish and through this process 并通过这个过程蓬勃发展
this kind of argument the goal is to 这种争论的目的是
convince the audience of the ideas 说服听众
strong potential the same happens with 潜力巨大
music in the simplest possible terms the 用最简单的术语讲
composer will present their musical idea 作曲家将介绍他们的音乐构想
or ideas think of them as seeds 或想法认为它们是种子
then he develops these ideas cultivates 然后他发展出这些想法
them lets them grow in order to show 他们让他们成长以展示
their full musical potential and how a 他们的全部音乐潜力以及
full piece of expressive music can be 完整的表达音乐可以
developed out of these musical ideas 从这些音乐思想发展而来
just as a tree can grow from a seed and 就像一棵树可以从种子中生长出来，
this can be done in many different ways 这可以通过许多不同的方式来完成
a piece in Sonata form might have a more 奏鸣曲形式的作品可能会有更多
complex arguments with more levels to it 具有更多层次的复杂参数
than a simple Prelude and so choosing a 而不是简单的前奏，所以选择一个
specific form like Sonata form means the 奏鸣曲等特定形式意味着
composer will be arguing in a certain 作曲家将在某种程度上争论
kind of way but in this first video I 这种方式，但是在第一个视频中
just want to focus on this fundamental 只想专注于这个基础
concept which occurs across all kinds of 各种各样的概念
classical music the concept of the 古典音乐的概念
musical seed or seeds which have grown 音乐种子或已长出的种子
and developed by the composer into a 并由作曲家发展成为
fully expressive piece of music now not 现在完全没有表现力的音乐
all music is structured like this in 所有音乐的结构都是这样的
some cases like say late Italian opera 有些情况例如说晚意大利歌剧
it might be best just to enjoy the flow 最好只是享受流动
of the music rather than listening for a 而不是听音乐
musical argument and my other video on 音乐论点和我的其他视频
listening for expression looks at how 听表情看如何
you might enjoy that but a huge amount 您可能会喜欢，但数量很多
of music does do this especially from 音乐界特别是从
the 1700s onwards so I think it's a very 1700年代开始，所以我认为这是非常
useful way to think about music so let's 思考音乐的有用方法，让我们
start with a musical form called the 从一种叫做
Prelude Bach wrote dozens of preludes 前奏巴赫写了几十首前奏
for keyboard so did Chopin so did 键盘，肖邦也一样
Rachmaninoff scriabin and others and a Rachmaninoff scriabin等人和
traditional Prelude will typically focus 传统的序曲通常将重点放在
on one or two musical ideas and show off 一两个音乐的想法，并炫耀
their expressive musical potential 他们富有表现力的音乐潜能
within just a few minutes here's the 在短短几分钟之内
famous C major Prelude by Bach the very 著名的巴赫C大调前奏曲
first Prelude from his 48th preludes and 第48首前奏中的第一个前奏
fugues that make up his collection the 构成他的收藏的烟熏
well-tempered clavier in this Prelude 前奏曲中的脾气暴躁的键盘
the musical idea is quite simply these 音乐的想法很简单
arpeggios the word arpeggio coming from 琶音这个词来自于琶音
the Italian third play the harp the 意大利第三弹竖琴
entire piece is simply him using these 整个作品就是他使用这些
arpeggios to develop a full expressive 琶音发展出完整的表现力
piece of music he starts comfortably at 他舒适地开始演奏的音乐
home in C major without a warrior in the 在C专业的家中没有战士
world but then he starts to feed more 世界，但他开始养活更多
emotion into his music and over the 情感融入他的音乐中
course of this piece he allows himself 他允许自己做这件事的过程
to stray further and further from home 离家越来越远
making his arpeggios more disturbing 使他的琶音更令人不安
until eventually with drama and tension 直到最终充满戏剧性和紧张感
building on G for a long time he returns 他在G上建立了很长时间
to C major home and so he creates this 到C大家庭，所以他创造了这个
fully-fledged dramatic and interesting 充满戏剧性和趣味性
piece of music all through the vassal of 整个音乐的附庸
one musical idea the arpeggio now let's 一个音乐想法，琶音现在让我们
look at Chopin's Prelude in E minor from 从E小调看肖邦的前奏曲
his great twenty-four preludes the main 他伟大的二十四首序曲
musical idea which the prelude focuses 前奏集中的音乐理念
on is simply this just two notes and the 仅仅是这两个音符，
relationship between them but remember 他们之间的关系，但要记住
through one or two musical seeds Chopin 通过一两个音乐种子肖邦
wants to let the piece grow to full 想要让作品成长为完整
fruition to show how a full expressive 展示如何充分表达
piece of music can grow from small ideas 音乐可以从小创意中发展出来
and how much suffering does he squeeze 他挤了多少苦
out of this simple idea one of the most 这个最简单的想法之一
effective ways of developing a musical 发展音乐剧的有效方法
idea is to change the harmony underneath 想法是改变下面的和谐
it that is to change the chords that are 就是要改变和弦
accompanying or surrounding the melody 伴随或围绕旋律
let me show you how here the same notes 让我告诉你在这里如何相同的笔记
are playing again it's just a B and a C 再玩一次，只是一个B和一个C
you think that nothing much is happening 你认为什么都没发生
but the chords underneath it sink lower 但下方的和弦下沉
and lower wallowing deeper and deeper in 和较低的深处越来越深
grim sadness 严峻的悲伤
[Music] [音乐]
and finally the melody drops lower but 最终旋律降低，但
the harmonies keep sinking 和声不断下沉
and this keeps happening throughout the 这在整个过程中一直在发生
piece in an amazing way until finally 直到最后终于以一种惊人的方式
we're on the homestretch but even here 我们正在尽力而为，即使在这里
instead of giving us an easy ride 而不是让我们轻松
he keeps giving us the wrong chords just 他一直给我们错误的和弦
to add that last bit of drama keeping us 再加上最后的戏剧让我们
on tenterhooks until the final 不断拉紧直到决赛
resolution 解析度
[Music] [音乐]
and so you see how changing the chords 所以你会看到如何改变和弦
around the melody is a very effective 围绕旋律是非常有效的
way to develop some music to bring about 发展一些音乐带来的方式
new expressive moods to reveal new 新的表达心情揭示新的
potential in a musical idea we thought 我们认为的音乐创意潜力
we already knew it's worthwhile 我们已经知道这是值得的
listening through the preludes of 聆听前奏
composers like bark Chopin and 树皮肖邦和
Rachmaninoff and hearing how whatever 拉赫玛尼诺夫，听见如何
period they were writing in they present 他们在场的时期
a musical idea and show its musical 一个音乐的想法，并展示其音乐
potential creating an expressive piece 创造表达力的潜力
of music from a simple seed each within 来自每个内部的简单种子的音乐
the space of a few minutes 几分钟的空间
Beethoven would do something similar in 贝多芬会在
his very first piano sonata in F minor 他在F小调的第一个钢琴奏鸣曲
this is the first theme there are two 这是第一个主题，有两个
musical seeds here this and this and so 音乐种子在这里
later after a lengthy development he's 经过长时间的发展，他
on C and he wants to take the piece back 在C上，他想拿回原件
home to F minor if he were a bad F小调的家，如果他不好的话
composer he could just do this easy to 作曲家，他可以做到这一点很容易
easy 简单
Beethoven wants to build maximum drama 贝多芬想打造最大的戏剧
and so he delays this resolution and 所以他推迟了这个决议，
uses it as another opportunity to 借此机会
develop one of his seeds 发展他的种子之一
that's much more effective different 比较有效得多
composers do this developing in 作曲家在
different ways Franz Liszt would use the 弗朗茨·李斯特（Franz Liszt）使用不同的方式
developing variation it gives you a 发展变化，它给你一个
melody like this one 像这样的旋律
[Music] [音乐]
and then keep returning to it with a new 然后继续使用新的
variation and each variation would 变化，每个变化都会
develop the same in a new way 以新的方式发展
building more drama or taking it in a 制作更多戏剧或将其纳入
new expressive direction but it's the 新的表达方向，但这是
same concept it presents his theme and 相同的概念代表了他的主题，
then he shows its musical potential by 然后他通过展示他的音乐潜力
allowing it to grow and develop 使其成长和发展
expressive lead throughout the piece 整个作品中的表现力
just as a seed grows into a flourishing 就像种子长成旺盛一样
plant and of course the light motif in 植物，当然还有
film or opera does the same we're given 电影或歌剧的作用与我们给的相同
a theme which can then be developed or 然后可以开发主题
altered to a dramatic effect so there 改变了戏剧性的效果，所以那里
you have it 你拥有了它
and while we've only looked at a few 虽然我们只看了一些
types of musical forms this happens in 发生的音乐形式的类型
all kinds of symphonies sonatas fugues 各种交响曲奏鸣曲
standalone pieces the composer presents 作曲家介绍的独立作品
his ideas and then uses these seeds to 他的想法，然后用这些种子来
grow a full expressive piece of music I 成长完整的音乐作品
want to make more videos like this in 想制作更多这样的视频
future introducing you to great pieces 未来向您介绍伟大的作品
and ideas in classical and film music so 和古典电影音乐的思想
you can like subscribe and let me know 您可以订阅并让我知道
what you might want to see next thanks 接下来你可能想看什么
for watching 观看