冰冻星球
第七集
This white wilderness, 这片银白色的荒野
this emptiness, is the North Pole. 这片虚无 就是北极点
I'm standing in the middle of a frozen ocean. 我正站在一片冰封海域的中央
Beneath my feet 在我脚下
and for over 500 miles in every direction, 超过方圆八百公里之内
there are several metres of ice. 冰层厚达数米
But something significant 但在不久的将来
is likely to happen here, at the North Pole, soon. 北极有可能会发生重大事件
Chances are that some time, within the next few decades, 在接下来数十年内的某个时间
perhaps even as soon as 2020, 或许就在2020年
there will be open water here for the first time 这里将出现有史以来
in human recorded history. 第一次无冰水域
The Arctic and Antarctic are changing. 南北两极正在发生变迁
Enormous masses of ice 冰冻了数千年的
that have been frozen for thousands of years 体积巨大的冰块
are breaking apart and melting away. 正在逐渐崩塌 融化
Ice scientists are going to extremes 冰科学家将前往极地
to find out exactly what's going on. 一探究竟
For them, these are exciting times. 对于他们来说 这是令人激动的时刻
But the transformation that's being seen here 但在未来 这里发生的剧变
will be felt far beyond the polar wilderness. 其影响范围远不止极地荒原
In this programme, 在本节目中
I'll be trying to understand what these changes mean, 我将探究这些变化的意义
not just to the wild life and people 不仅是对于生活在极地附近的
that live around the Poles, 野生动物和居民
but for the whole planet. 而是对于整个地球的意义
如 履 薄 冰
I'm starting my journey in the Arctic, 我从北极出发
the far north of our planet. 这里是地球的最北端
It's still very cold outside by most people's standards, 按常人的标准 这里的户外仍旧寒冷
but the Arctic has been warming fast, 但北极正在迅速变暖
twice as fast as the rest of our planet. 速度是地球其它地方的两倍
My first mission is to find out 我的第一个任务
what effect that's having on the animals. 是查明这对动物们正产生怎样的影响
Although first, we have to find them. 但我们首先要觅到它们的踪迹
It's April in Svalbard. 现在是斯瓦尔巴特群岛的四月
We are 1,000 miles north of the Arctic Circle, 我们正处于北极圈往北1600公里处
in search of the region's top predator. 搜寻此区域食物链顶端的食肉动物
We need to travel away from the land and out over the frozen sea. 我们要飞离陆地 来到冰封的海域
There's some tracks right beneath us. 正下方发现踪迹
Over there. 在那边
I'm with a Norwegian team, 与我我同行的是一支挪威团队
which is giving the polar bears of Svalbard 他们正在给斯瓦尔巴特群岛上的北极熊
their yearly health check. 做一年一度的体检
She's under us now. 她处于我们正下方
I'll come round for a clean shot. 我要过去射上一枪
The team works together 团队通力协作
to give an anaesthetic injection 在不伤害北极熊的情况下
from a dart gun without hurting the bear. 用飞镖枪给它打了一剂麻醉药
It takes tremendous skill. 这需要极高的技巧
Ah, you've got it. 射中了
I'll just back off until she's asleep. 我先撤退 等她睡去再行动
Nobody likes to see a magnificent animal 没人愿意看到像北极熊这样
like a polar bear 身形庞大的动物
lolling about unconscious on the ice, 无知觉地躺在冰面上
but it's only by darting them in this way 但只有用这种射击的方式
and keeping check on them year after year, 每年给它们做一次检测
that we can be sure we know what is happening to them 才能及时掌握它们每个个体
and the population of polar bears as a whole. 乃至整个北极熊种群的身体状况
Over the last 30 years, 在过去的三十年里
many teams have been seeing 多支团队都目睹了
the condition of their local bears deteriorate. 当地北极熊的健康每况愈下
Although not every bear is suffering. 虽然 并非每只北极熊都经受着折磨
- How much? - 96, there. -多重 -那边是96
And 102 here, so that's 197. 这边是102 一共约197
Is that good? 情况乐观吗
It's not too bad, it's a bit above average. 还不算差 略高于平均水平
So she's a bear in a good condition for Svalbard. 她在斯瓦尔巴特群岛上算是健康的了
The trouble is that if this was underweight, 问题是 如果体重低于平均线
she would be in trouble. 那她就麻烦了
Not only from her own point of view, 不仅从她自身角度来说
but from the point of her cubs, 而且对于她的幼崽也没好处
because an underweight female 因为重量不足的母熊
gives birth to underweight cubs 生出的幼崽也会过轻
and underweight cubs have a great problem 而在这么严酷的条件下
of surviving their difficult first year 体重不足的熊宝宝很难熬过
in these circumstances. 艰苦的第一年
It can be minus 40 degrees Centigrade 在北极初春
when polar bear cubs emerge at the start of the Arctic spring, 北极熊幼崽从它们出生的洞穴露头时
from their dens where they were born. 气温可低达零下40摄氏度
This mother hasn't eaten for half a year. 这位熊妈妈已经半年没有进食了
She and her cubs need to fatten up fast 她和宝宝们要在接下来的几个月内
over the next few months 迅速增膘
and their chances of survival 它们生存的几率
depend on what's happening beneath their feet. 取决于脚下的冰层将发生怎样的变化
These polar bears aren't walking on land. 这些北极熊并非行走于陆地之上
They're roaming across the frozen surface of the sea. 而是漫步于海洋的冰层表面
And the bear's food lives under the ice. 而北极熊的猎物则在冰层之下
Ringed seals are hunted by polar bears. 环斑海豹是北极熊的猎物之一
In fact, in some parts, 事实上 在某些区域
polar bears eat almost nothing else. 这几乎是北极熊唯一的食物
So, it's very understandable 所以可以理解的是
that this mother ringed seal... 这位正在注视我的...
who's looking at me now, 海豹妈妈
should be a little apprehensive. 显得有点害怕
That pup of hers is only about three or four days old. 她的宝宝刚刚出生三四天
And the pup won't be able to swim 海豹宝宝还要等两三天
for another two or three days. 才能学会游泳
Seals have good reason 在冰穴附近时
to be nervous around their holes. 海豹的紧张情绪不无理由
They need the holes to breathe when the sea is frozen, 当海面结冰时 它们需要出洞呼吸
but this makes them easy to find. 但这也使它们很容易暴露
Polar bears can sniff out seal holes, 即使海豹穴埋于雪下
even if they're covered in snow. 北极熊也能嗅出它们的位置
Spring is the best hunting season. 春季是狩猎的最佳时节
This mother's found a food store under the snow 这位母亲找到了埋于雪下的贮藏食物
that was probably made by an Arctic fox. 这可能是北极狐所为
It's a time of plenty now, 这是个富饶的时节
but the bear family need to make the best of it 但北极熊家庭仍需要尽力寻觅食物
because the good times are about to come to an end. 因为好时节马上就要结束了
As the weather warms, 随着天气变暖
the ice beneath the bears' feet starts to break up and then melt. 北极熊脚下的冰层开始分裂融化
And as the ice dwindles, 冰层消逝
so do the bears' chances of a successful hunt. 北极熊狩猎的成功率也随之骤降
Most of the ice is lost over these shallow coastal waters, 近海浅水表面的大部分冰层都已融化
where most of the seals live. 大多数海豹生活在这里
It's now summer and these bears have a choice- 现在处于夏季 北极熊们有两种选择
take their chances on the shrinking ice floes, 前往正在消融的浮冰上冒险觅食
or make for the safety of the land. 或留在陆地上确保安全
It's a case of sink or swim. 不想被淹没 就得游走
Bears have always gone hungry in the summer, 在夏季 北极熊容易饥饿
but the length of time when there's enough ice 但北极大部分地区的冰层
for them to go hunting 正在迅速消融
is getting shorter and shorter, across much of the Arctic. 所以它们的狩猎时间也越来越短
This is hitting cubs particularly hard, 这对熊宝宝的打击尤其大
because they can't survive for as long 因为如果像母亲那样长时间不进食
without feeding as their mother. 它们就无法生存
Cubs that were born underweight are at the greatest risk. 出生时体重过轻的熊宝宝 危险最大
This mother and her cubs 在冬季冰封海面之前
may well not get another meal 这位母亲和她的宝宝
until the sea freezes again in winter. 很可能无法捕到猎物
There's not much to eat on land 陆地上的食物稀少
and the fact is that the longer the cubs 而且 海面重新冰封前
have to wait until the ice returns, 熊宝宝们要等待的时间越长
the more likely they are to die. 存活的可能性就越小
Longer summers with no ice are probably 无冰层覆盖的夏季时间逐渐延长
the main reason why many polar bear 这大概是许多北极熊种群
populations are dropping. 数量下降的主因
To help monitor bears into the future, 为了辅助监控北极熊的未来动态
this female is being fitted with a radio collar 这只母熊颈上装了无线电项圈
to track her movements. 以便追踪她的活动
It's an extraordinary sensation to be so close 与如此强壮的动物近距离接触
to such a powerful animal. 感受甚为奇妙
With luck, carrying that collar, 母熊配有项圈 幸运的话
she will have more years to go yet, 她能存活许多年
and be telling us a great deal about herself 告诉我们她自己的许多事
and the rest of the race of polar bears, 还有整个北极熊群种的故事
as they face this very uncertain future. 告诉我们 他们如何面对这未知的未来
The future of the ice cover on the sea 海面冰层的变化
isn't just an issue for the animals. 不仅仅关系到动物
It's a big concern for the people 同时也关乎那些
who live in the Arctic 住在北极
and travel across the ice every day. 每天在冰上世界穿梭的人类
David Iqaqrialu is an Inuit from the village of Clyde River 大卫·伊卡克拉鲁是加拿大北边
in the Canadian Far North. 克莱德河村的因纽特人
There are very few roads up here, 这里陆路很少
so David and his community, 所以大卫跟他的族人们
like most Inuit people, 像大多数因纽特人一样
have always travelled across the frozen sea. 总是在这片冰冻的海面上穿行
Dog sleds are the safest way to get around 坐雪橇是最安全的方式
because the dogs feel thin ice underfoot 因为狗对薄冰很敏感
and won't lead travellers into trouble. 能保护人类避免危险
Old-timers, like David, know the ice is as well as we know 像大卫一样的当地居民对冰地的熟悉度
the streets in our local neighbourhood. 不亚于我们对邻里街道的了解程度
Every spring, 每年春天
cracks have always formed in the same places at the same time. 在同时同地总是出现一样的裂缝
It's going to be big very soon. 裂缝马上会变得很大
After two weeks maybe, 差不多两周以后吧
it will be more open. 裂缝就开得更大了
But now, cracks are appearing 但现在 以前没有裂缝的地方
where they never did before. 也出现了裂缝
So, David and his friend, Laimikie, have taken on a new job. 所以大卫和朋友莱米奇就有一项新任务了
They are using special GPS units 他们用特殊的导航仪器
to record the position of new cracks or weak ice. 记录下新的裂缝或薄冰的位置
These findings will be used 不仅当地人可以
by locals for their own safety, 以此避免危险
but they're also being studied by ice scientists, 科学家也可以利用这些记录
who want to predict how the ice will change in years to come. 以预测冰雪在未来几年里如何变化
The Inuit are keen to know what the future holds too 因纽特人也很乐于知道这里的未来
because they've seen with their own eyes 因为 他们亲眼目睹着
the changes that the scientists have seen from space. 科学家从太空观测到的变化
This satellite photo from 1980 shows the Arctic Ocean 这些1980年拍的卫星照片显示
1980年9月
at the end of the summer, when ice cover is at its minimum. 北冰洋在夏末时 冰雪覆盖量最低
Since then, there's been a 30% drop in the area covered by ice. 从那年开始 冰雪覆盖量降低了30%
But these images can't tell us 但这些照片无法告诉我们
2010年9月
about changes to the most important factor, 这变化里的最重要变量
the thickness of the ice. 即冰面的厚度
Measuring thickness across the whole ocean 跨越整片大洋测量冰面的厚度
was beyond scientists for many years, 是科学家多年无法解决的难题
until help came from an unexpected source. 后来他们意外地获得了帮助
The Arctic Ocean is of huge military importance, 北冰洋有重要的军事意义
as it's the shortest route between North America and Russia. 因为这里是北美和俄罗斯之间最短的通道
Since the late 1950s, 自上世纪五十年代末起
British, US and Russian submarines 英国 美国和俄罗斯的潜艇
have been patrolling the Arctic Ocean. 就在北冰洋巡逻
But as well as looking out for enemy activity, 他们在探查敌军的动向的同时
they've also been measuring the thickness of the ice, 也在测量冰面的厚度
critical when looking for a place to surface. 因为这关系到他们在何处浮出水面
When scientists got permission 当科学家获得准许
to look at the submarine crew's records, 查看潜艇船员的记录时
they discovered that the ice has been thinning fast. 他们发现冰面在急速变薄
In fact, it's nearly halved in thickness since 1980. 事实上 从1980年起已减少近一半
Across most of the Arctic Ocean, 北冰洋大部分的冰面
there are now just a couple of metres of ice. 现在只有几米厚了
It's so thin that it could 冰面实在太薄
melt away almost entirely in the summertime, 到了盛夏时节很可能会全部融化
and that includes the ice at the North Pole. 北极的冰也难以幸免
If current trends continue, then there will be 如果持续下去 在未来几十年里
open ocean here by summer's end, 到了夏末
some time within the next few decades. 这里就完全变成海洋
So, the days of the Arctic Ocean being covered 北冰洋被冰层覆盖的岁月
by a continuous sheet of ice seem to have passed. 似乎已一去不返
Whether or not that's a good or bad thing, of course, 当然 这究竟是好是坏
depends on your point of view. 每个人的观点不同
Nobody has had a better view of the changes to the Arctic Ocean 没有人比阿拉斯加最北的巴罗镇人
than the people of Barrow, the most northerly town in Alaska. 能更近距离地观测到这样的变化了
The people here have always survived by hunting on the frozen sea 这里的人以在冰海上捕猎为生
and they celebrate this at a festival every year. 他们每年过节都会为此庆祝
The blanket toss was once 毛毯跳曾是
the best way to spot distant animals to hunt, 看到远处猎物的最好方式
as lifelong resident Lewis Brower explains. 在这住了一辈子的路易斯·布洛尔如是说
When we throw ourselves up into the blanket, you know, 我们把自己从毯子里抛向空中的时候
you get that much more of an 'Ahh' 就会因为看到很远的地方
of seeing further and further out, 而尖叫不已
so sometimes, you'll jump 15-20 feet in the air, 有时候 你会跳到十五到二十英尺高
and hopefully, you're being caught right back into the blanket. 希望能够再安全掉回毯子里
I'm OK! 我很好
But the old way of life is under threat. 但传统的生活方式正面临着威胁
When Lewis was young, 在路易斯小时候
the sea stayed frozen to the horizon until July, 海平面一直冰冻到七月
and some ice remained off-shore all summer. 有些岸边的冰 整个夏天都不化
But now, it's breaking up in June 但现在 冰面在六月就裂开了
and melting away completely for two or three months. 两三个月内就彻底融化
I used to go out on the ice all the time 以前这个时候
at this time of the year, 我常常到冰面上去
but we can't do that any more, cos there's no more ice. 但现在不行了 因为冰没有了
Lewis can also see that the loss of sea ice is affecting 路易斯也看到 融化的冰面
the animals he hunts for a living. 影响了他们捕食的动物
Since 2007, something very strange has been happening 从2007年起 巴罗镇附近的海岸线
on this stretch of coastline, close to Barrow. 发生了奇怪的变化
Mother walruses, confused by the lack of ice, 海象妈妈们被这缺冰少雪的海洋弄迷糊了
are crowding onto the land with their pups. 纷纷带着自己的幼崽上岸来
This very tight crowding isn't normal 他们这样集结在岸上并不正常
and it's caused many youngsters to be crushed to death. 导致许多幼崽被挤死
Many Arctic animals are threatened by the changing conditions 许多北极动物都受到气候变化的威胁
and that's also bad news for the traditional hunters. 这对传统的猎人来说也不是好事
But the ice loss could be good news for some people. 但冰面减少对有些人来说却是好消息
There are trillions of dollars' worth of oil 在北冰洋底下埋藏着价值万亿美元的
and gas under the Arctic Ocean. 石油和天然气
But the only way to get to them, 但目前要开采它们的唯一方式
until now, has been by building expensive artificial islands, 就是建造昂贵的人造岛屿
like this. 就像这里
But if the sea ice goes, 但如果冰雪融化
it will be much easier to drill for the huge riches below. 要挖掘地下宝藏就容易多了
So, the countries that surround the Arctic 所以北极附近的国家
are scrambling to stake their claims. 都抢着来分一杯羹
This daring attempt by the Russians to claim 2007年 俄罗斯大胆地声称
the disputed seabed at the North Pole in 2007 北极受争议的海床是自己的领土
caused fury among the competing countries 引发了几个竞争国的强烈反对
and it's unlikely to be the last such dispute. 而这样的争端将会源源不断
The Arctic has never been so important 北极从来没有这么重要过
and not just because of its resources. 而这并不仅仅因为它资源丰富
The North-West passage, 西北水道
a legendary sea route 是加拿大北部和阿拉斯加周围的
around the north of Canada and Alaska, 一条传奇海路航线
cleared of ice in the summer of 2007 2007年夏天
for the first time since records began. 自有记录以来 冰雪首次消融
This promises a much faster and cheaper shipping route 从此 往来大西洋和太平洋的航线
between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 变得既快捷又便宜
And some wildlife could benefit from an ice-free Arctic too. 无冰的北冰洋同时也惠及了一些野生动物
Bowhead whales are one of just 北极露脊鲸是少数
a few whales that can live year-round in the Arctic 一整年待在北极的一种鲸鱼
because they have no dorsal fin. 因为它们没有背鳍
This means they can come up for air in small spaces 因此它们能在狭小的空间里浮起来呼吸
and travel easily under the ice. 并能在冰下自如游弋
Their unique body shape used to mean that the Arctic whales had 独特的身形曾让它们
the seas to themselves for most of the year. 几乎整年都独占这片海域
But now, some cousins from down south are moving in. 但现在 南方的"亲戚"也来搬来这里
Killer whales are now a much more common sight in the Arctic. 现在在北极也常常可以见到虎鲸了
Their tall fins make it difficult for them to travel under ice, 长长的鳍虽阻碍了它们在冰下穿梭
but the longer summers mean they can travel much further north 但更长的夏天使它们能去到更北的地方
and make the most of the rich Arctic seas. 充分利用北极海洋里丰富的资源
For animals and people, 在变幻莫测的北极
it will be those that can adapt 对动物和人来说
who will thrive in a changing Arctic. 只有适者才能生存
But the loss of sea ice isn't just an issue for the Arctic, 冰雪融化不单纯是北极的问题
because the state of the ice affects the climate of the whole planet. 因为冰雪的状态影响了整个地球的气候
Because it's white, 冰雪是白色的
the ice reflects up to 90% of the Sun's energy. 它能将90%的太阳能量反射回去
This is called the albedo effect 这叫做反射效应
and it's why we often see heat haze in the Arctic, 这就是为什么在北极
even when the air feels cold. 即使很冷 也能看到热霾
The frozen Arctic Ocean acts as a huge reflector, 冰冻的北冰洋就像一块巨大的反射镜
bouncing back the Sun's heat into space. 将太阳的热量反射回去
Throughout history, that has helped to cool the planet, 自古以来 这能帮助地球降温
but when the ice melts, it's a different story. 一旦冰雪融化就将是另外一番景象了
Because sea water is dark, 因为海水是深色的
it absorbs most of the Sun's heat. 它吸收了大部分太阳的热量
In the Arctic, this can trigger a chain reaction, 在北极 这会触发连锁反应
as the warming water melts more ice, 更多的冰雪被渐暖的海水融化了
exposing more water to the Sun's heat. 变成了更多的海水 吸收太阳的热量
This cycle of warming, as huge areas start to absorb rather than 广阔的区域并不反射而是吸收热量
reflect heat, is the main reason why the Arctic, 因而 和北美面积一样大的北极区域
a region the size of North America, 变暖速度是地球其他地方的两倍
is warming twice as fast as the rest of the Earth. 而这个热循环就是罪魁祸首
So, melting sea ice is a big issue. 正在融化的冰雪是个大问题
But there's another kind of ice that could have an even more 但还有另外一种冰雪可能会对我们的世界
dramatic impact on our world. 造成更深刻的影响
The ice that is found on land. 那就是在陆地上的冰川
This is fresh water ice, 这是淡水冰
formed from thousands of years of accumulated snowfall. 是由过去数千年里不断的降雪积累而成的
This is the front of a glacier, 不管你信不信
quite a small one, believe it or not. 这是一块非常小冰川的正面
Glaciers are like rivers of frozen fresh water 冰川就像是冰冻的淡水河
flowing across the surface of the land. 在陆地上纵横交错
This one, like most polar glaciers, 像大多数两极冰川一样 这块冰川
is flowing down from a vast inland ice sheet. 正从一块巨大的内陆冰原上缓缓流下
And it's what happens to those ice sheets 在这些冰原上发生的变化
that could radically alter the face of the planet. 会彻底改变地球的面貌
The Greenland ice sheet is by far the largest in the Arctic. 格林兰冰原是目前北极最大的冰原
It's two miles thick in places 有些地方有两英里厚
and six times the size of the United Kingdom. 面积是英国面积的六倍
Every summer, some of the surface of the ice sheet melts, 每年夏天 一些冰原表面融化
forming sapphire blue lakes of melt water. 形成了蔚蓝色的湖水
More and more of these lakes have been forming 由于格林兰变暖 在过去的二十年里
as Greenland has warmed over the last 20 years. 形成了越来越多的这种湖
This lake has grown over several weeks 只需几周便可形成这样的湖
and now it's overflowing, 湖水向外溢出
carving a deep channel through the ice. 在冰原上开拓出了一条水道
A network of channels criss-crosses the ice sheet, 这些水道在冰原上纵横交错
but many of them come to an abrupt end. 但很多突然就流到了尽头
Huge holes, like this, can open up quite suddenly, 像这样巨大的洞穴会突然出现
draining the melt water away. 让融化的淡水流走
Alun Hubbard is a glaciologist, 这些瀑布叫做冰川锅穴
studying the enormous power 冰河学家艾伦·哈伯德
of these waterfalls, which are known as moulins. 研究的便是它们的巨大能量
We've got this amazing moulin going off here today. 今天我们找到了这个非凡的冰川锅穴
The water's overflowing from the lake, which is beginning to drain. 从湖里溢出来的水正在慢慢流干
Tonnes of water cas cading down this pipe that is, effectively, 无数吨的水从这里倾泻而下
plummeting to the depths of the ice sheet through 相当于是从一千米高的冰川上
over a kilometre of vertical ice. 骤然跌落至冰原最深处
Alun is here to study where the melt water goes 艾伦来这里是为了研究这些水流去了哪里
and what effect it has on the remaining ice. 以及剩下的冰川会受到什么影响
To do that, 为此
he needs to find a moulin that has recently run dry. 他要找到一个刚流干的冰川锅穴
Just a week ago, there was 仅一个星期前 这里有一个
a three-mile long, ten-metre deep lake here. 三英里长 十米深的湖
The weight of all that water cracked the ice beneath 这些水的重量把下面的冰都压碎了
and the lake drained in just a few hours 湖水倾泻而出
with incredible force. 几小时内就流干了
Thousand-tonne ice boulders were tossed about like dice. 千吨的冰漂石像骰子一样被扔了出去
Alun's team have found the hole down which the lake disappeared 艾伦的团队已经找到了让湖水消失的洞穴
and they want to have a closer look. 他们想要来个近距离观察
It's not a job for anyone with a fear of heights. 这对恐高的人来说是绝不可能的
As you can see, it's dry up here, 可以看到这里已经干涸
but if you listen, 但如果仔细听
you can hear the thunder of, 便能听到大量的流水
there's a lot of water entering it at some depth. 从深处贯入其中的隆隆声
Alun wants to place a sensor deep into the moulin 艾伦想在冰川锅穴深处安装一个传感器
to discover how much water is flowing through the ice. 来研究有多少水在冰川里穿梭
As they drop, they travel back in time. 向下深入的时候 他们仿佛回到了从前
30 metres down and they reach ice formed from snow that fell 三十米深处的冰是一万年前
10,000 years ago, in the last Ice Age. 冰河世纪时期的降雪堆积起来的
When this lake drained and the plug got pulled 一旦湖水干涸 就像打开了阀门
and the whole lot flushed down through here, 整个水流都会从这冲刷而下
this ice sheet, it rose by a metre 这块冰原就会增高一米
as that water accessed the bed and forced, 因为水流到了冰床之下
jacked up the ice sheet. 迫使冰原提升
So, we know that the water 我们知道
in this whole plumbing cavity system, down here, 水在这整个垂直坠落过程中
we know that shoots straight through that ice 径直冲破了冰川
and actually hits the bed of the ice sheet. 直接撞击了冰原的底部
We've hit the water, I can see the water now. 我们到水边了 我能看到水了
Great. Nice work. 很棒 干得漂亮
This daring experiment is measuring how the water flowing 这项大胆的试验旨在探究
under the ice sheet affects the speed with which the glaciers 在冰原底下 水的流动是怎样影响
flow from it, down to the sea. 冰川流向大海的速度
The theory is that the water is acting as a lubricant. 原理是 水起到了润滑的作用
So, the more water there is, the faster the glacier flows. 所以水越多 冰川移动的速度就更快
To the naked eye, glaciers don't appear to move at all. 肉眼看来冰川好像岿然不动
But move, they do. 但它确实在移动
These unique time-lapse images 这些快速回放镜头是近四年来
were captured over the last four years. 捕捉到的画面
Through long observations, we now know 通过长时间的观察 我们得知
that Greenland's ice is flowing down to the sea 格陵兰冰川向大海移动的速度
twice as quickly as it was 20 years ago. 是二十年前的两倍
The speed of the glaciers affects our sea levels 冰川的速度影响着我们的海平面高度
because when they reach the water, 因为当它们遇到了水域
they break apart into icebergs. 它们就破碎成冰山
Occasionally, a real mega-berg is born. 很有可能会形成巨大的冰山
This is the Store Glacier in May, 2010. 这是2010年5月的斯道冰川
75 million tonnes of ice, 数千年来伫立在地表
that had been sitting on land for thousands of years, 重达七千五百万吨的冰山
has broken away. 变得支离破碎
Events like this have become increasingly common, 如果格陵兰冰川以更快的速度流向大海
as Greenland's glaciers flow faster into the sea. 那么此类事件会愈发频繁
Every single one of these icebergs 每一座冰山
raises the sea level a small amount. 都能让海平面升高一点
Scientists monitoring the ice sheet 一直监测这片冰原的科学家预测
predict that Greenland might add as much as a half metre 本世纪末 格陵兰冰川
to world sea levels by the end of the century, 将会使海平面上升半米
enough to swamp many of the world's low-lying islands. 足以淹没大多数地势低洼的岛屿
99% of the Arctic's fresh water ice is in Greenland. 北极地区99%的淡水冰在格陵兰
It's a staggeringly big ice sheet, 这是块相当巨大的冰原
but it's just a drop in the ocean 但和南极比起来
compared to that at the southern end of our planet. 就只是沧海一粟了
In Antarctica, there is ten times more ice, 南极的冰比北极多十倍
by far the largest concentration of ice on Earth. 是目前地球上冰量最多的地方
Our exploration of the Antarctic 我们对于南极的探索
only began a little over 100 years ago. 始于一百多年前
The study of ice retreat here was unwittingly begun 关于冰山锐减的研究
on an expedition led by the great early explorer 始于早期伟大探索家欧内斯特·沙克尔顿
Ernest Shackleton. 领导的一次不为人知的探险
In 1916, after their expedition boat was crushed and sunk by ice, 1916年 考察船撞毁陷入冰川
Shackleton and two companions 沙克尔顿和他的两名同伴
set off to summon help in a tiny boat. 划了艘小船出去寻求援助
They sailed over 800 miles across the Southern Ocean 它们在南大洋航行了八百多英里
to the island of South Georgia, on the edge of the Antarctic. 到达了南极边缘的南乔治亚岛
Near starving and dressed in rags, the three men 饥肠辘辘 衣衫褴褛的三个人
walked across the ice sheet at the centre of the island, 穿越过岛中央的茫茫冰原
knowing there was a whaling base 他们知道
on the opposite coast where they could summon help. 可以向对面海岸的捕鲸队呼救
This team of Royal Marines is re-tracing the steps 为了向沙克尔顿及他的队员们表示敬意
沙克尔顿 英国南极探险家
of that journey in tribute to Shackleton and his men. 这支皇家海军队伍正在重走长征路
But for all their efforts, they can't exactly copy the great walk 但纵使竭尽全力也无法重现伟大的征程
because the ice is not as it was. 因为冰貌早已更迭
A number of South Georgia's glaciers 沙克尔顿摄影师的镜头
were photographed by Shackleton's cameraman. 捕捉到了大量南乔治亚冰川的照片
Frozen Planet saw a dramatic change 在他们凯旋九十四年后
when they returned 94 years later. 《冰冻星球》见证了这里剧烈的变迁
Most of South Georgia's glaciers 自沙克尔顿的时代后
have shrunk since Shackleton's time 大多数南乔治亚冰川已经消逝了
and most of that has happened 而且大多数消逝发生在
since I first went to the Antarctic 30 years ago. 我上次来南极大陆到现在的三十年间
I've been to South Georgia several times 我来过南乔治亚岛几次
and seen how greatly the glaciers there have changed. 也见证了这里冰川的剧变
This photograph of a glacier 照片上的冰川
reaching right down to the sea 从我1981年第一次来这里起
was taken just six years 短短六年间
before I first visited in 1981. 就完全没入了大海
Now, that glacier has retreated 如今 这片冰川从海边
by 400 metres away from the beach. 向内陆退后了足足四百米
Temperatures in South Georgia have risen sharply, 南乔治亚岛的温度急剧上升
but the Southern Hemisphere's most dramatic warming 但在南半球最显著的气候变暖现象
has happened a little further south. 发生在更南端的地方
In recent years, stronger winds blowing over the Southern Ocean 近些年来 渐强的海风吹拂沿南大洋
have brought warmer air 带来了更暖的空气
to the 800 mile-long finger of land 吹至八百英里长的狭长陆地上
that forms the northern extremity of the Antarctic continent. 形成了现在南极大陆北端的样子
Here, on the Antarctic Peninsula, 在过去五十年里
the changing wind patterns have driven 海风的变化
temperatures up by nearly three degrees Centigrade 使南极半岛的气温
over the last 50 years. 上升了近三摄氏度
Ten times the average rate of the rest of the planet. 这是地球其他地区平均水平的十倍
The rapid warming is having a big effect on the birdlife. 快速的变暖 使海鸟面临更大的威胁
The Adelie penguin is the most southerly nesting of all penguins. 阿德利企鹅是筑巢最靠南的企鹅
And, like the polar bear, up in the north, 就像地球最北端的北极熊一样
their lives are dependent on the sea ice. 它们的生活与冰面息息相关
Adelies spend their whole lives near ice. 而阿德利企鹅一生都离不开冰雪
These birds have spent the winter feeding at the ice edge, 这些鸟儿们整个冬季都在冰川边缘觅食
but now it's spring 但春天已经到来
and they've started a long trek over the frozen sea towards land. 它们开始了从海边到内陆的漫漫征程
They're heading for areas of exposed rock, where they gather 前往岩石暴裸露地区 聚集起来
to breed, in colonies that can be over 100,000 strong. 繁衍生息 成为超过十万只的企鹅军团
But it seems that Adelies don't find the conditions 可是阿德利企鹅们
on the Peninsula to their liking any more. 似乎不再喜爱半岛上的气候条件了
17 years ago, when I was last in the Antarctic, 我上一次来南极大陆是在十七年前
there were large colonies of Adelie penguins 南极大陆半岛沿线
all along the Antarctic Peninsula. 还有着一大群的阿德利企鹅
Now, warming temperatures have meant less sea ice 而现在 气候变暖 海面冰层减少
and Adelie penguin numbers are in decline. 阿德利企鹅的数量在逐渐下降
Many colonies have been emptying fast. 很多群聚地已人去楼空
It may be that penguins are starving, 可能是由于一些企鹅饥饿致死
or it may be that they're heading south to colder climes 或是前往气候更冷
where there's still plenty of ice on the sea. 仍有很多海冰的南面去了
But, as in the Arctic, 但在南极大陆上
while ice-loving animals are feeling the heat, 喜寒动物受着热度的煎熬
animals that like it a bit more cosy are moving in. 一些喜暖动物反而乐于移居此地
The bright orange beaks of Gentoo penguins 有着亮橙色嘴巴的金图企鹅
are a much more common sight on the Peninsula these days. 近些年来 在半岛上愈发常见了
I always used to know them as residents 我过去一直以为它们是南极大陆北端
of the slightly warmer islands north of the Antarctic. 更温暖的地方的居民
But they've moved south in numbers. 可是它们却已大量南下
There are thought to be ten times 据说 现在半岛上
more Gentoos on the Peninsula now 金图企鹅的数量
than just 30 years ago. 是三十年前的十倍
The Peninsula has warmed a great deal, 半岛气温上升了许多
but the same is not true further south. 可是更南端的地方却并非如此
The Antarctic continent 南极大陆
is smothered by the world's greatest ice sheet. 蕴藏着世界上最大的冰原地带
One and half times the size of Australia 有一个半澳大利亚那么大
and up to three miles thick. 并且有三英里厚
A staggering 75% of the Earth's fresh water 令人震惊的是 地球上75%的淡水
is locked up in this ice. 都储藏在这里
Global sea levels would rise 假如这些冰全都融化
by some 60 metres if all this was to melt. 海平面将会上升六十米
But what chance is there of that happening here in the coldest, 但在地球上最寒冷最危险的地方
most hostile place on Earth? 上述现象发生的概率有多大呢
The ice beneath me, up here on top of the ice cap, 伫立冰原之巅 厚厚的冰雪在我足下
is so thick that I am short of breath, 海拔如此之高
simply because of the altitude. 使我有些呼吸不畅
This is midsummer 现在是盛夏时节
and the average temperature is some 20 degrees below freezing. 平均温度却在零下二十度左右
And I can tell you it feels much lower than that. 而感觉上却远远低于这个温度
And even the worst predictions don't suggest 就算是作最坏的猜测
that the air is going to warm enough to melt the ice. 气温也不会暖到足以融化这些冰雪
But now, scientists are asking a different question. 而现在 科学家们提出了新的疑问
Could the speed at which the Antarctic ice 更暖的海洋水温
flows off the land be increased by a warmer ocean? 会不会造成南极冰加速流出冰原呢
Where the ice sheet meets the sea, 在海冰相接的地方
scientists are going to extreme lengths to find out. 科学家们费尽心思地探索着
Andy Smith works for the British Antarctic Survey. 安迪·史密斯在英国南极调查局工作
What we have here is one kilo of pentolite explosive. 这里有一公斤炸药
We're going to use this to generate a shockwave 我们将用它释放出冲击波
and record the echoes that come back from underneath the ice. 同时记录地下冰层的反馈数据
Andy is particularly interested in mapping 安迪对描绘沿海
the underside of the ice around the coast. 地下冰层的结果十分感兴趣
Because here, it isn't resting on land. 因为在这里 冰块并非固定在陆地上
It's floating on sea water, 而是漂浮在海面上
so if sea temperatures rise just a little, 因此 如果海水温度稍有上升
it can be melted from below. 它的下端就会融化
Around the coast of Antarctica, 南极大陆海岸周围
the glaciers have flowed out across the sea 冰川沿海面向外漂浮
to form immense masses of floating fresh water ice, 形成了广袤无边的浮动淡水冰层
called ice shelves. 被称为冰架
These freeze to the land around them, 冰架在陆地四周凝结
sticking fast and acting like bathplugs, 像浴缸塞一样紧紧卡住
holding back the flow of the glaciers into the sea. 防止冰川流入海中
On the Antarctic Peninsula, a one-degree sea temperature rise 过去三十年中 南极半岛上
has helped to break apart 温度每升高一度
seven major ice shelves in the last 30 years. 就会分裂掉七个主要的冰架
This is the Larsen B ice shelf, 这是拉森B号冰架
three times the size of Greater London, breaking apart in 2002. 有大伦敦区三倍大 于2002年分裂
Afterwards, the glaciers it had been holding back 后来 之前被抑制的冰川
started flowing up to six times faster. 开始以七倍的速度流走
In 2008, a much larger ice shelf 2008年 在半岛南端
at the southern end of the Peninsula started to break up. 一块更大的冰架开始破裂
It's an enormous event that's never been filmed before. 人类从来没有记录过这么大的一次破裂
Andy Smith is flying down the Peninsula to study 安迪·史密斯正朝半岛飞去
this phenomenon first hand. 准备第一时间研究这种现象
We're flying to a place called Wilkins Ice Shelf. 我们正飞往一个叫做威尔金斯冰架的地方
It's an ice shelf that, over the last couple of years, 近几年来
has shown a very sudden and dramatic break-up. 这个冰架突然出现大量破裂
The Wilkins Ice Shelf is a two-hour long flight south 从研究基地起飞 需两小时
from his research base, 才能到达威尔金斯冰架
but Andy can start to see the evidence of ice shelf break-up 但在离目的地很远的地方
a long way before he gets there. 安迪便看到了冰架裂开的迹象
As we're heading further south, 当到达更南端的地方时
we can see more and more icebergs in the ocean. 就能看到越来越多的海上冰山群了
And most of the big ones will be ones 大多数大型冰山
that have broken off the ice shelves in this area. 都是由附近的冰架断裂形成的
Once we cross the mountains, 一旦越过山脉
we should be able to see Wilkins Ice Shelf 就能看见威尔金斯冰架
and then it's not far then to the ice front, 再走不远就能看到
here, where it's collapsing. 正在崩塌的冰崖
As Andy's team reaches their destination, 安迪小队抵达目的地时
the scale of what's been happening soon becomes clear. 崩塌的规模即刻呈现在眼前
Here, for thousands of years, an area the size of Yorkshire 数千年来 跟约克郡同样大小的区域
has been covered by a sheet of ice 200 metres thick. 被两百米厚的冰层所覆盖
But now, over half of that has broken apart. 但现在 超过一半的冰面裂开了
Andy has been studying Antarctic ice for 25 years, 25年来 安迪都在研究南极冰层
but even he is blown away by what he's seeing. 但就连他也被眼前的景象所震惊
Now, that is pretty awesome. That is remarkable. 真不可思议 太奇妙了
The edge of the ice shelf has just, kind of, disintegrated. 冰架的边缘有点崩裂
Some of the big pieces look like 其中一些大片
they could be a mile or more in size. 似乎有一英里 甚至更大
It's almost like a, sort of, a slow motion explosion. 就好像是某种慢镜头下的爆炸
It all pushes outwards very quickly. 迅速向外推进
Every one of these huge icebergs will slowly drift out to sea. 这些大型冰山都将慢慢地漂入大海
To study how fast that happens, 为了研究崩裂发生的速度
Andy needs to get closer to the action. 安迪得离得更近一点
We're going to look around and see 我们打算四处查看一下
if we can find a place where we can land. 看是否能找到落脚点
And if we can, we'll be able to put down an instrument 如果找到了 我们就可以放下一台设备
that will help us monitor the big icebergs 以便在冰架破裂的时候
that are breaking off as the ice shelf breaks up. 拍摄到冰山是如何形成的
Landing on an iceberg is another first for Andy's team. 在冰山上着陆是安迪小队的另一个新尝试
This satellite transmitter will help 这个卫星发射器将用于
to track the continued break-up of this colossal ice shelf. 追踪这个巨大冰架的持续崩裂
The remainder of the Wilkins 威尔金斯的剩余部分
looks set to break apart soon. 好似即将分崩离析
It's the latest ice shelf 一道洋流向南漂流
to disintegrate in a wave that's been travelling southwards, 一路上使新近形成的冰架破裂
playing a major role in the loss of ice from the Peninsula. 这种作用是造成半岛冰雪流失的主要原因
Next in line, and already weakening in places, are the ice shelves 接下来便轮到已很脆弱的冰架
that hold back Antarctica's gigantic continental ice sheet. 这些冰架可防止南极巨大的冰原滑入海中
And it would only take a small corner of this 每次崩裂的只是冰原一角
to slide into the sea 不知不觉陷入大海
to have major global consequences. 却能带来严重的全球效应
We've only started to see 我们最近才刚看到
changes in the Arctic and Antarctic recently. 北极和南极的变化
So, it's hard to predict exactly 所以很难准确预言
what impact these changes will have. 这些改变带来的影响
But we can see for ourselves that these places are changing 但我们正目睹这些地区的改变
and on a scale that is hard to ignore. 其规模无法忽视
The Poles, North and South, may seem very remote, 南北两极看似地处偏远
but what is happening here 但这里发生的事情
is likely to have a greater effect upon us 对我们产生的影响
than any other aspect of global warming. 可能远大于全球变暖的其他方面
If the Arctic sea ice continues to disappear, 如果北极海冰继续融化
it will drive up the planet's temperature more quickly. 地球气温升高的速度会更快
And the melting ice sheets 到本世纪末 融化的冰原
could contribute to a sea level rise of a metre, 能使海平面上升一米
enough to threaten the homes of millions of people 足以威胁全世界沿海地区
around the world's coasts by the end of the century. 数百万人的家庭
We've seen that the animals 我们看见
are already adapting to these changes, 动物已经在适应这些变化
but can we respond to what is happening now to the frozen planet? 但我们能对冰冻星球的现象作出响应吗
冰天雪地之幕后故事
The increasing unpredictability of the ice was a big issue 冰冻星球摄制组花了三年时间研究冰层
for the Frozen Planet team, 对他们来说
who spent three years working on top of it. 冰层的不可预测性愈发是个大难题
破冰而行
Whether on sea, land, lake or river, 无论是在海洋 陆地 湖泊或河流
the state of the ice was the first concern 对绝大多数摄制组来说
for most filming crews. 首先关注的就是冰的状态
Unexpected break-ups left many a cameraman 意外的崩裂令许多摄影师涉险
in need of a swift rescue. 需要迅速营救
Sometimes, help came by boat, and sometimes by air. 有时候是救援船 有时候是飞机
I had a chance to see the changing ice conditions for myself, 当我来到北极时 我就有机会
when I visited the North Pole. 亲眼见证冰况的变化
I flew with the team to a temporary camp 我随摄制组一起飞往一个临时营地
that is set up every year in the centre of the frozen Arctic Ocean 此营地每年都建在冰冻的北冰洋中心
to support expeditions to the Pole. 用于支援来到北极的探险家们
I had never visited the North Pole before, 我以前从未来过北极
so this was a great highlight for me. 所以这对我来说是头等大事
But it was hard going in temperatures of minus 40, 但零下四十度下的旅程异常艰难
so as soon as filming finished, we flew south. 拍摄一结束 我们就立即飞往南方
Little did we know that we had made it out just in time. 当时我们并不知道 我们离开得很及时
We got back from the Pole camp last night 我们昨晚从北极营地回来
and I've just bumped into the Russian Commander, 我刚好碰到了那位俄罗斯指挥官
who's just heard from the camp. 他刚刚收到营地的来信
And the news is that a little crack, 据说 我在冰上看到的那条
which I'd seen in the ice between our tent and the airstrip, 位于帐篷和飞机跑道之间的小裂缝
which was no more than an inch or so wide, 当时还不到一英寸宽
has, overnight, widened to 20 metres. 一夜之间增加到二十米宽了
Temporary break-ups, caused by stormy weather and strong winds, 暴雪和强风导致的一时崩裂
have happened before, 以前也发生过
but they've been getting more and more frequent over recent years 但近些年 越来越频繁了
as the ice has got weaker. 因为冰层越来越脆弱了
It was only swift action by the staff 全体员工的迅速反应
that prevented a lot of valuable equipment going in the drink. 使许多昂贵仪器幸免于遭殃
The biggest concern was 大家最担心的是
that the ice airstrip might break apart, 冰面上的飞机跑道可能也破裂了
but, luckily, it held 但幸好没有
and everyone was able to evacuate 天气好转的时候
when the weather improved. 所有人都得以疏散
The Frozen Planet team's clearest demonstration 冰冻星球摄制组
of the power and unpredictability of breaking ice came 拍摄到一条正在融化的加拿大冰河
when they went to film the melting 非常清楚地展示了这种力量
of a frozen Canadian river. 以及破冰一刻的不可预测性
Producer Mark Linfield and 制作人马克·林菲尔德和
2009年4月17日
researcher Matt Swarbrick 研究员马特·斯沃布里克
have travelled to the Far North of Canada. 去过遥远的加拿大北部
Matt, when was the last time we saw a car? 马特 我们上一次看见汽车是什么时候
I don't know, about three hours ago. 不知道 大概三小时前吧
They've driven through the vast Northwest Territory 他们开车穿越广袤的西北地区
on a mission to film the moment when this frozen waterfall breaks apart. 去拍摄冰冻瀑布裂开的瞬间
The break-up, when the frozen river above the waterfall thaws 当瀑布上方的冰冻河流开始融化
and masses of water start to flow again, 大量的水再次流动
can be a spectacular event. 瀑布的崩塌确是壮观
But predicting exactly when it's going to break 但如果马克和马特想要拍到最佳镜头
is the big challenge, 得精确预测破冰的时间
if Mark and Matt want to get the best shots. 这是个巨大的挑战
And they're not the only ones who want to know. 他们不是唯一想抓准时机的人
When the waterfall breaks, it can flood the town of Hay River, 瀑布破冰时 会带着数百万吨水和冰
just downstream, with millions of tonnes of water and ice. 淹没下游的草河镇
Mark is taking advice from the scientist Fay Hicks, 马克正在听取科学家菲·希克斯的建议
who has the job of predicting when the ice will break. 她的工作就是预测破冰时间
What happens is, 情况是这样的
you get ice jams form upstream 上游冲下许多冰障
and they start to dam up the water 开始堵住流水
and it builds and builds and builds, and that can let go, 水越来越多 冲开冰障
and that's a much bigger wave of water, 那水流更加湍急
you know, than just the normal flow. 比常规流量大很多
So, it just depends upon how dramatically it unfolds. 水流力量仅取决于它冲出的时机
2009年4月22日
Fay takes her research helicopter 菲坐乘直升机
to monitor the situation upstream of the waterfall. 去监察瀑布上游的情况
Just ten miles up river, the ice is starting to break. 河流上游十英里处 冰层已开始破裂
The locals are concerned, 当地人十分焦急
because huge amounts of water can build up, 因为当冰块堆积在河中
if these ice chunks dam the river, 会阻塞大量流水
and that can lead to 堆积的冰块崩塌后
devastating flooding in the town, when the dams burst. 会给小镇带来毁灭性的洪灾
Now the melt's moving through there now. 正在沿着那里融化
Yes, got a shot. 我拍到了
Using cameras and sonar to assess the state of the river, 菲利用摄像机和声纳检测河水的状况
Fay makes her best guess at when this break-up 成功预测出解冻的河水
will hit the waterfall just above the town. 何时会冲入小镇上方的瀑布中
Now, guys, I think we have about 48 hours to go. 应该还有约48小时
Fay's prediction of the 24th April 菲对4月24日的预测
is exciting news for the team. 让整个团队精神振作
Upstream from here, 上游的河段中
it's already starting to melt, 冰层已经开始融化
and Fay thinks that we may only have 菲认为 再过一到两天
another one or two days before this whole thing goes, 整个冰面就会全部融化
which is almost impossible to imagine looking at it now, 现在看来几乎是天方夜谭
but that's what she says. 但菲言之凿凿
With the break-up seemingly imminent, 冰河解冻迫在眉梢
the team set up their cameras in anticipation. 团队架好摄像机机 静静等待
Over the next 48 hours, 在接下来的48小时中
the weather warms to well above freezing, 气温上升至冰点以上
but there's no sign of the break-up. 但冰面仍无破裂的迹象
The team waits and waits and waits. 队员们静静等待着
2009年4月26日
Mark is concerned that the crew have to return home soon, 马克担心 团队就要无功而返
2009年4月28日
so he heads into town to get the advice of long-term resident 就去镇上找老镇民雷德·麦克布莱恩
Red McBrian. 以寻求建议
We just have to live with it 我们只需静观其变
and take whatever evasive action we can. 做好一切撤离准备
Red has had 50 years of witnessing the power of the river. 50年来 雷德见证了河水的力量
Well, we're hoping that 我们预期河流
she may break up in two or three days. 将在两到三天内解冻
Oh, no, no, no, that's too soon. Oh, no, no. 不会的 时间太短了
Boys, you're looking at seven or eight days 等到河流解冻
before she breaks of any significance. 起码需要七到八天
And if she breaks, she can jam and hold up. 即使河流解冻 水流也会被阻塞
She can be... 大约
She'd be down here probably around the 5th or 6th May. 大约在5月5或6日才会冲入小镇
The townspeople are on tenterhooks, 镇民们提心吊胆
waiting for the big day, 等待着解冻之日
but another week goes by 但距这一切发生
before anything starts to happen. 还有一星期
Finally, it seems that things might be happening. 终于 好像有了崩裂的苗头
We've just heard some cracks from upstream, 我们听到上游传来的碎裂声
so, if we're lucky, we might get some action. 运气好的话也许能拍到点什么
Seven o'clock, which gives us two hours of light. 现在是七点 还有两小时太阳才会下山
Two hours. 对 两小时
If it happens at night, we're going to miss the whole thing. 若是在晚上 什么也拍不到
洪水预警
Sure enough, the town is put on red alert 显然 小镇发布红色预警
瓦尔岛的居民们
请做好准备
that the river is about to break in the middle of the night. 通知人们河流将在午夜解冻
在两小时内撤离
They've just called a full evacuation of the Eye Inn, 我们下榻的艾伊旅馆
where we're staying, and if we don't move now, 刚开始全体撤离 若现在不走
we're all going to be underwater 我们都会被淹
and possibly get trapped here for a few days. 还可能被困上几天
The team have to move out and get up to the waterfall, 团队要前往瀑布
hoping that it doesn't break before it's light enough to film. 希望光线变强 足以拍摄前 不会崩裂
Luckily, the sun is up before the main event begins. 幸运的是 在好戏上演前就已经日出了
That is a serious amount of ice coming around the corner. 河流拐角处有大量冰块
After weeks of waiting, the sleeping giant of a river, 等待数星期后 沉睡的冰河苏醒了
we thought nothing was going to happen and suddenly, 我们原以为什么也不会发生
look at this! 但一瞬间 看哪
This is what we're here for. Unbelievable. 这就是我们来的目的 难以置信
Absolutely unbelievable. Holy... 太惊人了 神啊
The team is used to handling multiple cameras, 团队习惯了操纵多台摄像机
but they don't usually have to dodge ten-tonne ice floes 却不善于在拍摄同时 还要躲避
at the same time. 十吨重的浮冰
As you can see, it's racing over at unbelievable speed. 河水速度惊人 呼啸而过
The power, I just, if you were here to feel this, 如果你在现场
it's a deep rumbling sound of the river, 定会感受到它汹涌澎湃的力量
I can feel it up through my feet. 涌入脚底 贯穿全身
The power, I just can't imagine. 我简直无法想象这种力量
that could crush a house in no time. 它能瞬间摧毁一栋房子
The team takes to the air 团队飞入空中
to witness the destruction that's unleashed. 以见证这毁灭的力量
Huge ice blocks are pushed downstream 瀑布崩裂后
on the wave of water 产生的水流
released by the breaking waterfall. 将巨大冰块卷入下游
This could devastate the town. 这完全能夷平小镇
But, this year, the townspeople's luck is in. 但今年 镇民们很幸运
The town has escaped flooding. 小镇逃过一劫
Crucially, the ice blocks did not dam the river, 关键在于 冰块没有阻塞河水
it's running free. 而使其顺利流过
And the date of the break-up, the 6th May. 而解冻之日 为5月6日
2009年5月6日
Red's got it right again. 正如雷德所言
I don't use any of these here 我从不使用
gauges and mechanical assistance, 测量仪器和其他机械
I just go by what I see on the river as I walk it down. 只通过漫步河畔途中所见来判断
And I say I walk it down, 实际上
I back and forth every day on the river 我每天都在河畔来回漫步
to see what's happening, 以观察它的动向
and from that, I gauge when it's going to hit here 由此我能推断出解冻的时间
and what the situation is going to be like 以及解冻后
when it does get here. 河水的情形
You know, when it went this morning, 今早河水解冻时
I said to my students, "Guess what the date is?" 我对学生说 猜猜几号会解冻
Red told us it was the 6th May and we were, 雷德告诉我们会是5月6日
you know, I'm not surprised, 事实如此 我一点不惊讶
because we've been here a couple of times 因为我们来过多次
and that's happened. 而他的推测屡试不爽
Ten days, two weeks ago and he just looks around 10天或2周前 他只四周看看
and goes "6th May." 就说出了"5月6日"
How does he know that? 人们都好奇 他怎么知道的
It's incredible. 太神了
It's because he just has lived on this river 那是因为他住在河边
and lived this break-up for 50 years. 见证了50年来冰河的变换
Ice scientists are improving 冰层科学家一直试图
the accuracy of their predictions all the time, 提高预测的准确性
but in the meantime, 但同时
the people of Hay River 草河的居民
have a remarkable guardian. 拥有优秀的守护者
Red, you were completely right this year. 雷德 你今年准确无误地预测出结果
Are you right every year? 每年都如此吗
No, I'm... 没有啊
I miss the odd one. 有一次很奇怪 我猜错了
Yes, 1985, I missed it. 没错 那是1985年