Hiya, welcome to Biomed sessions with me, Ruz. Today we’re going to be learning the functions 大家好，我是Ruz，欢迎一起来到生物医学课堂， 今天我们来学习颅神经的
of the cranial nerves. Cranial nerves are nerves arising from the brain (including brainstem). 功能。颅神经是 自脑部（包括脑干）发出的神经。
They are best seen from an inferior view i.e. the underside of the brain, and there are 颅神经的最佳视角是从底面观察，亦即 脑组织的下面，颅神经
12 pairs of them in total, numbered according to where each emerges. 一共有12对，根据各自 发出的位置编号排序。
A good way of learning cranial nerve functions is by copying out and memorizing this picture 学习颅神经功能的一个好办法 就是描绘并牢记这个图形，
which is basically just a head with shoulders composed of the numbers of all 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12 这个图形头及肩部的大体形状 是由12对颅神经的所有数字序号1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12
pairs of cranial nerves. Learn this and you’ll have a pretty good idea of what each pair 所构成。通过学习这个图形，你将 对每一对颅神经功能有非常好的
does, we’ll go through it together. Cranial nerve 1 is the olfactory nerve. It 理解，下面我们一起来学习。 第1对颅神经是嗅神经。它
is sensory therefore relays information back to the brain. In this case, this will be in 属于感觉神经，所以它是将信号传递回 大脑。与之相应，它和
relation to olfaction which is basically just your sense of smell – Handy! because the 嗅觉产生关联，也就是 你对气味的感官。太简便了！因为
number one is the nose in the diagram. Cranial nerve 2, also sensory, is the optic 数字1在图形中就代表鼻子。 第2对颅神经是视神经，也是感觉神经，
nerve and is involved in vision. Number 3 is the oculomotor nerve. It is mainly 它与视觉相关。 第3对是动眼神经。它主要是
motor, hence relays information from the brain to effectors such as muscle. 运动神经，所以向肌肉等效应器 传递来自大脑的信息。
Alongside cranial nerves 4 & 6, the oculomotor nerve is involved in eye movements. It is 与第4和第6对颅神经一样，动眼神经 也与眼球运动有关。它
in fact related to so many eye movements that it would be best to learn which eye movements 实际上能支配眼球的大部分运动，所以 掌握动眼神经不能支配的眼球运动方向
it’s not involved in. If isolated, it cannot help 是学习其功能的好方法。单独来看， 动眼神经不能
move the eye down and out – this is the job of cranial nerve 4; and it does 支配眼球向外下运动，眼球向外下运动 是第4对颅神经的功能；动眼神经
not help abduct the eye - this is the job of cranial nerve 6. 也不能使眼球外展，眼球外展是第6对 颅神经的功能。
The oculomotor nerve also has autonomic functions, i.e. those that are involuntary/unconscious, 动眼神经还有自主神经功能， 也就是无意识或潜意识发生的，
these include eyelid elevation, pupil constriction and changes in the shape of the lens in order 包括支配眼睑抬起、瞳孔收缩， 还能调整晶状体的形状以便聚焦
to focus on objects. This is known as lens accommodation. 视物。也就是所谓的晶状体 调节。
Cranial nerve 4 is the trochlear nerve. As mentioned previously it is involved in 第4对颅神经是滑车神经，刚才 已经提到滑车神经支配
moving the eye down and out. This actually occurs through a combination 眼球向外下运动。 这个动作其实需要
Of depression, abduction and inward rotation 眼球向下、外展和内旋
of the eye. Cranial nerve 5, the trigeminal nerve is mixed, 结合起来完成。 第5对颅神经，三叉神经是混合神经，
carrying both sensory and motor fibers. ‘Tri’ means three which hints at the fact that this 包含感觉纤维和运动纤维。“Tri”的 意思是三，意喻该神经
nerve has three branches which together aid in facial, and teeth sensation, in addition 有三个分支，整体支配 面部、牙齿的感觉，还包括
to sensation from the front and middle thirds of the tongue, or more officially the anterior 舌头前部及中部的感觉， 也即舌前
two-thirds. Also it has motor fibers which are involved in mastication i.e. biting and 2/3的感觉。三叉神经的运动纤维 支配咀嚼肌，功能也就是咬和
chewing. As we know the abducens nerve, cranial nerve 嚼。 我们所知的外展神经，亦即第6对
6, the last of the three nerves involved in eye movement – abducts the eye. Abducens, 颅神经，是支配眼球运动三支神经的 最后一支，支配眼球外展运动。展，
abduction. Cranial nerve 7 is the facial nerve. It has 就是外展的意思。 第7对颅神经是面神经，它
motor fibers for facial expression and sensory fibers which are involved in taste from anterior 包含的运动纤维支配面部表情肌， 感觉纤维支配舌前
2/3 of the tongue. Not to be confused with the trigeminal nerve which is aids in general 2/3味觉，但不要与 三叉神经支配该区域的
sensation to this same region. A good way of remembering the facial nerve’s function 一般感觉相混淆。牢记面神经功能 的一个好办法就是
is to imagine your facial expression as you taste your favorite piece of food. Additionally, 想象当你品尝你最喜欢的食物时 面部的表情。此外，
the facial nerve is involved in saliva and tear secretion. 面神经还支配唾液和 泪腺分泌。
The vestibulocochlear nerve, cranial nerve 8, is a sensory nerve which gets its name 前庭蜗神经，即第8对 颅神经，是感觉神经，它得名于
from the structures in the inner ear which it innervates – the cochlea which is involved 它所支配的两个内耳 结构—涉及听力的
in hearing and the vestibule which is involved in balance. Hence the vestibulocochlear nerve 耳蜗以及涉及身体平衡的 前庭。因此这些也就是前庭蜗神经
aids in these functions. The glossopharyngeal nerve, cranial nerve 的功能。 舌咽神经是第9对
9, also has an interesting name. Glossa means tongue and pharyngeal is the back part of the 颅神经，也有一个有趣的名字，Glossa意思 是舌，咽是喉咙的
throat. Hence, it’s no surprise - that it carries sensory fibers for taste 后部。所以，毫不奇怪- 舌咽神经中感觉纤维支配
and sensation from the posterior 1/3, i.e. the back part of the tongue, and has motor 舌后1/3的味觉和感觉，也就是 舌后部的部分，舌咽神经还包含
fibers that aid in swallowing. It is also involved in saliva secretion. 支配吞咽的运动神经。它还 参与唾液分泌。
Cranial nerve 10 is the Vagus nerve. Now although I drew it really small on this diagram, the 第10对颅神经是迷走神经。虽然在 这幅图形中我标记很小，
vagus nerve is actually a huge nerve which is mixed and extends further than all other 迷走神经事实上是巨大的 混合神经，并且它的支配范围
cranial nerves, which is why it is referred as the wandering nerve. Indeed, it wanders 比其他颅神经都要广，这也是它被称为 游走神经的原因。实际上，迷走神经
about and supplies a wide range of structures. On the sensory side - it carries sensation 走行范围宽广并且支配许多的结构。 作为感觉神经部分-它传递
from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, abdomen etc. It is also involved in taste using a 咽部、喉部、胸部、腹部等 感觉。它还参与味觉，
flap of tissue at the back of the throat, known as the epiglottis. 通过喉后部的组织，也就是 会厌来感知。
It has motor fibers which aid in swallowing and speech. And autonomic functions such as 迷走神经包含支配吞咽 和发声的运动神经。它包含的自主神经功能
decreasing heart rate, gastrointestinal tract contractions to aid in moving along food and 包括降低心率，收缩胃肠道 促进食物排空和
sweating. You’ll be relieved to know that our next 出汗。 我们下一个要学习的神经
nerve… Cranial nerve 11, is much simpler in terms 比较轻松… 第11对颅神经，在功能方面
of function. The accessory nerve carries motor fibers which help you shrug your shoulders 较为单一。副神经仅包含 支配耸肩
and turn/tilt your head. And finally, cranial nerve 12, is the hypoglossal 和转动头部的运动神经。 最后，第12对颅神经，舌下神经
nerve which is purely motor. If you remember glossal means tongue, and hypo actually means 是纯粹的运动神经，如果你还记得 “glossal”的意思是舌头，“hypo”是
under. Hence this is a nerve that is found at the under surface of the tongue and aids 下的意思，那就能明白舌下神经 分布于舌部底面，它支配
in tongue movements. Okay so that’s our 12 pairs of cranial nerves 舌头的运动。 那么我们的12对颅神经
done. If you found this tutorial helpful, give it a thumb up, and if you want to see more 就介绍完了。如果你感觉能从中获益， 请点赞，假如你还想观看更多
videos like this, then do subscribe. Okay see you in another video – bye. 这样的精彩视频，请订阅我们的节目。好了， 期待下次视频再见-bye。