我们向往自由 We dream of freedom...
锐意进取 ...strive for progress.
陈旧的世界消失殆尽 Old worlds swept away.
我们的潜能尽情释放 Now, our potential unbound.
新的视野 New horizons...
新的危险 ...and new dangers...
让我们迈向了如今的生活 ...that propel us towards the lives we live today.
这颗星球残酷无情 在无数混乱中 Amidst the chaos of an unforgiving planet,
大多数物种将在劫难逃 Most species will fail.
但有一个物种 却有条不紊地进化着 But for one, all the pieces will fall into place,
一串钥匙即将开启人类通往胜利的道路 And a set of keys will unlock a path for mankind to triumph.
这就是我们的故事 我们所有人的故事 This is our story. The story of all of us.
人类: 我们所有人的故事 第10集
1781年十月 October, 1781.
在宾夕法尼亚州远郊的树林中 The backwoods of Pennsylvania.
有个人独自骑着马 A lone rider
携带着一份足以改变世界的文件 With a document that will change the world.
前一天 在弗吉尼亚州的约克镇 The day before, Yorktown, Virginia.
起义军击溃了英军 俘虏了七千人 Rebel troops rout the British army, taking 7,000 prisoners.
结束了长达六年的抗争 The end of a six-year struggle.
下层社会的革命力量 Rag-tag revolutionary forces
击败了世界上最强大的军队 Defeat the greatest military power on the planet.
他们打败了"神勇之人" They had beaten "The Man".
他们打败了大英帝国 They had beaten the British Empire.
这是最原始的草根运动 It was the original grass roots campaign.
男男女女都从后院来到了前线 Men, women, from back yards, to front yards,
走上街头 to city streets.
我们在革命中诞生 We have been born out of revolution.
毋庸置疑 There is no doubt
那场革命的胜利火种 that the seed of that victory
源于一种思想的激励和鼓舞 was inspired by the thought
那就是对个人及其人身自由的向往 of individual freedom and personal liberty.
这些思想促使着人类不断前进 Those ideas drove the men forward.
坦奇·蒂尔曼中校 Lieutenant-colonel Tench Tilghman.
是由乔治·华盛顿精心挑选 Hand-picked by George Washington
来完成一个重大任务的人 for a critical mission:
他的任务是 将英国投降的消息 To deliver news of the British surrender
传到正在费城举行的大陆会议 To the Continental Congress in Philadelphia.
这也是英国殖民统治 The beginning of the end of Britain's colonial rule
在北美洲终结的开端 In North America.
一个崭新的国家诞生了 A new kind of nation is born.
同时带来了一个民享 民治 Government for the people,
宣扬民主理念的政府 by the people: democracy.
这种理念将改变人类的未来 An ideal that will shape the future of mankind.
在美国革命成功之际 When the American Revolution succeeded,
它也将一种思想传到了国外 it put abroad the idea
那就是: 人民不必接受 that people didn't have to accept
他们本国政府和政治制度的统治 the governments, the political regimes they were born into.
他们自己的事情可以自己决定 They could take matters into their own hands.
你应该掌握自己的命运 You should be in charge of your destiny,
应由你自己来决定 you should be the one to determine
你是谁 决定你要成为怎样的人 who you are and who you will become.
那才是在世界范围内传播的美国革命的 That's what the American Revolution really means
真正意义所在 when it spreads beyond our own borders.
法国爆发了革命 Revolution erupts in France.
希腊 波兰 比利时的人们推翻了帝国统治者 Greece, Poland, Belgium drive out imperial rulers.
海地的奴隶们摆脱了枷锁 In Haiti, former slaves cast off their chains.
在玻利维亚 哥伦比亚和秘鲁 In Bolivia, Columbia and Peru,
起义军推翻了西班牙帝国的统治 Rebels overthrow the Spanish Empire.
与此同时 At the very same time,
另一个革命正悄悄酝酿着 Another revolution is in the making,
它将改变地球上 Which will change the lives of every human being
所有人的生活 On the planet:
这就是工业革命 The Industrial Revolution.
在过去的十万年里 人类不断制造工具 For 100,000 years, mankind has made tools
以克服其自身条件的限制 To overcome the limits of the human body
扩展其对于自然世界的掌控 And extend our control over the natural world.
但这都依赖于肌肉的力量 But they rely on muscle power.
而如今 人类发明的工具 Now mankind develops a tool
可以有潜在的无限的力量 With potentially unlimited power,
这正是现代世界的关键 The key to the modern world:
它就是机器 The machine.
这个革命性的转变 This is a revolutionary transformation
改变了人类生活的方式 that changed the way that people lived.
今天 在我们所生活的世界中 Today, we live in a world
各种产品琳琅满目 that's so full of products,
为此我们很难想象 it's hard for us to imagine
没有机器的生活是什么样子的 what life was like before machines.
1768年 在英格兰北部 The north of England, 1768.
有一位名叫理查德·阿克莱特的人 Richard Arkwright.
他自学成才 雄心满满 是个天生的企业家 Self-taught, ambitious, a natural entrepreneur.
文明的根源源于特定时间特定的人 The root of civilization is the driving motivation
想要创造新生事物的 of certain people at certain times
那种驱动力 to create something new.
有种力量推动着这些人 Something drives certain people.
但大多数人并没有这种力量 It's not in most of us.
阿克莱特的目标是要造出一种机器 Arkwright's goal is to create a machine
能够完美准确地拉伸棉花 纺纱 To stretch and spin cotton perfectly.
约翰·凯是一位钟表匠 John Kay, clockmaker,
他带来了作为一名工程师的精密技术 Brings the skills of the precision engineer.
他们二人利用夜晚 暗中通力合作 The two men work at night, and in secret.
左邻右舍甚至怀疑他们在施巫术 Neighbors suspect they're practicing witchcraft.
但他们正在制作的装置即将开启 But the device they're making will give birth
工业时代 To the age of industry...
和消费社会的篇章 ...and the consumer society.
如今 一大群人 Now you begin to get a whole group of people
可以买得起这些商品 who can afford to get products
而曾经 这些商品只有有钱人 that once upon a time were really only available
才买得起 to the wealthy.
我们如今所享的是之前从不可能拥有的 We can now enjoy things that we could never have before.
我们吃穿不愁 其乐无穷 We can eat things, wear things, play with things.
我们生产出众多商品 We can produce so much more stuff,
几乎都是人们真正所需的 and almost all of this stuff is what people actually want.
阿克莱特的机器把棉花变成了棉线 Arkwright's machine turns raw cotton into thread
其效率比任何人都高 More efficiently than any human being.
他也成为了世界上首个工业大亨 He becomes the world's first industrial tycoon...
创立了一种新的工作地点 那就是工厂 ...and creates a new kind of workplace: the factory.
一座座巨大的水力工厂环乡而起 Giant water-powered factories rise across the countryside.
英格兰的棉花产业在二十年间飞速发展 Cotton production in England skyrockets in twenty years.
从最初手工纺织的二十二万七千磅 From 227,000 pounds spun by hand
到后来机器纺织的七百二十万磅 To 7.2 million pounds spun by machine.
工厂和工业资本主义的产生 The invention of the factory and industrial capitalism
是人类文明史上 were the most revolutionary transformations
最具革命性的转变 in the history of civilization.
到1850年为止 英格兰已有四千家工厂 By 1850, England has 4,000 factories.
也正是工厂 筑成了我们的世界 Factories build our world.
有一种历经百万年才形成的自然资源 All made possible by a natural resource
让一切成为了可能 Millions of years in the making.
它被深锁于地底岩层之下 Locked in strata deep underground:
它就是煤 Coal.
在远古热带雨林中 Ancient rainforests,
煤与泥炭紧密结合 被压得扁扁平平 Compacted into peat and compressed,
在地底深埋了三亿年 Buried for 300 million years,
太阳能聚集在每一煤块之中 The sun's energy trapped in every piece.
煤是种神奇的东西 Coal is this magical stuff.
它看起来就像一块漆黑油腻的污泥 It just looks like a black hunk greasy dirt,
但其内所蕴含的能量非比寻常 but there's so much energy embedded in it
它真的和珠宝一样珍贵 that it's really as precious as a jewel.
现在 生活节奏加快 Now, life accelerates.
煤变成了蒸汽 Coal turns to steam
开启了公共交通运输时代的大门 And opens the age of mass transportation.
蒸汽改变了一切 Steam changed everything.
之前 我们凭自己的血肉之躯 Before, we had our own muscles,
借动物之力 用火的威力 we had animals' muscles, we had fire,
现在我们有了蒸汽产生的这种不可思议的压力 now we have this incredible compressive force of steam.
蒸汽推动了铁路的发展 Steam drives the railroad.
人类战胜了时间和空间 Mankind conquers time and space.
而铁路又带动了 And the railroad drives
我们从未遇到过的一个最伟大的 One of the greatest engineering challenges
工程方面的挑战之一 We have ever faced.
1852年 在西佛吉尼亚州 1852, West Virginia.
人类凿山而过 Mankind pushes through mountains.
一条连接巴尔的摩和中西部地区的铁路 A railroad linking Baltimore to the midwest,
跨越了380英里的山岭地区 Across 380 miles of mountainous terrain.
美国改变了 America transformed.
煤 蒸汽 还有一种全新的感觉 速度 Coal, steam, and a new sensation, speed.
我们总是努力走得更远 更快 We have always strived to go further, faster.
五千年前 5,000 years ago,
马儿将我们日行的距离增加了两倍 The horse triples the distance we can cover in a day.
而有了火车 我们行进速度快了十倍 By train, we travel ten times farther.
想象一下你乘坐蒸汽火车的首次旅行 Imagine your first trip on a steam railroad.
你爬进车厢内 You climb into this carriage
前面是呼啸着喷涌烟雾的巨大机器 behind this belching, vast, smoking machine,
行驶速度快得惊人 让人感觉肺要炸开 traveling so fast, they thought your lungs might explode
眼球要蹦出来了 or your eyes might pop out.
那时二十英里的时速 The idea of traveling 20 miles an hour,
就让人觉得难以置信 it was mind-boggling.
人们不停议论着极速的旅程 They would comment on how fast they were traveling,
他们从不知道人类能够承受 and they weren't at all sure the human body
这样的速度极限 could sustain this.
巴尔的摩到俄亥俄的铁路 The Baltimore-Ohio railroad
是美国最伟大的隧道工程 is America's most ambitious tunneling project.
总工程师是小本杰明·拉特罗布 The man in charge: Benjamin Latrobe, Jr.
他是位建筑师的儿子 The son of an architect,
当时的他已是美国一流的工程师了 He's become one of the leading engineers in the US.
他所面临的最大困难就是阿巴拉契亚山脉 The obstacle he faces: the Appalachian Mountains.
这面由页岩和石灰石构成的高耸墙壁 A towering wall of slate and limestone,
将东海岸与大陆隔绝开来 between the east coast and the rest of the continent.
拉特罗布得在四千英尺厚的岩石中凿出隧道 Latrobe will have to tunnel through rock 4,000ft thick.
四千英尺约合1219.2米
即便在今天 隧道穿凿仍是一项浩大的工程 Even today, tunneling is a remarkable engineering feat.
而在十八世纪中叶 这简直难以想象 Back in the mid 1800s, it was unthinkable.
但如果要通火车 If you wanted to get to the other side of that range by rail,
就必须从中穿过 you had to go through it.
因此必须要敢想敢做 大胆冒险 You had to think big, you had to be audacious.
爆破的力量是火药 The explosive force: gunpowder.
而人力则来源于一批新的开拓者 The muscle: from a new kind of pioneer.
爱尔兰移民 Irish immigrants.
他们占美国外来人口的百分之四十三 43% of America's foreign-born population.
他们从爱尔兰的大饥荒中奔逃而来 They flee the potato famine in Ireland
寻求新生 In search of a new life.
在这里他们每日挣不到一美元 Here they earn less than a dollar a day,
但他们被尊称为"文明的开拓者" But they are praised as "Pioneers of civilization".
一份美国报纸声称: A New York newspaper proclaims:
"在共和政体下 "There are many new kinds of power
许多新生力量勃然兴起: working at the fabric of this republic:
蒸汽动力 马力 以及爱尔兰人力 steam power, horse power and Irish power.
而爱尔兰人力最为辛劳勤勉" The last works hardest of all."
据说那时很少见到 It would be said of immigrants,
有白发的移民 you'd rarely see one with gray hair.
能活到长出白发的年纪 就算是工人的幸运了 A worker was lucky to live long enough to have gray hair.
为了加快进程 To speed construction,
拉特罗布将工人分成了两队 Latrobe divides the men into two teams,
从两边开凿 Digging from opposite ends,
竞相追赶 凿到中间汇合 racing to meet in the middle.
三百人 每人移出六百吨的岩石 300 men, each shifting 600 tons of rock.
当两队人马仅有几英尺之隔时 Just a few feet of rock separate them.
用点火药一炸 Just a final blast of gunpowder,
两条隧道就打通 合二为一 and the two tunnels will be one.
但是没人听到警告的讯号 But nobody sounds the warning signal.
一人当场死亡 A man is killed,
其他人重伤 Others badly injured.
美国这条最具挑战的隧道 America's most challenging railroad projects
每一英里都是用一条生命换来的 cost one worker's life for every mile of track.
两年半的艰难建设后 Two and a half years after construction begins,
铁路开通了 The line opens.
人们几小时可行进的路程 People can travel further in hours
比上一代人一生所行进的路程还要远 than the previous generation did in a lifetime.
在当时 Nothing to that time
铁路的影响力 has so profound an impact
空前绝后 无可比拟 as the railroads.
它将穷乡僻壤和繁华城市联系起来 It connected hinterland to city.
也使得在铁路可达的范围内 It allowed for the demographic explosion of the population
人们可以随意出行 到达任何想去的地方 to move in all directions where the rail was heading.
铁路创造了城镇 产生了都市 It created new towns, it created new cities.
如今 工厂和铁路发动了人类历史上 Now factories and railroads launch the fastest migration
最快速迁移的浪潮 in the story of mankind
同时也使得现代大都市得以兴起 and give birth to the modern megacity,
而它正是未来生活的关键 the key to our future lives.
在西方世界 五十年中 In the western world in 50 years,
城市居民人口数是以前的三倍 The number of city dwellers triples,
由五千万增长到一亿五千万 From 50 to more than 150 million.
然而工业城市喧嚣吵闹 拥挤不堪 污秽肮脏 But the industrial megacity is chaotic, overcrowded and filthy.
这为疾病的滋生提供了温床 A perfect breeding ground for disease.
漫漫历史长河中 疾病一直是人类的头号杀手 Throughout history, mankind's biggest killer.
十四世纪 瘟疫横扫欧亚大陆 In the 14th century, the plague sweeps through Asia and Europe,
夺走了地球上五分之一人口的生命 killing one fifth of all people on the planet.
城市的存在严重威胁了人类的生存 The city becomes a threat to the survival of mankind.
卫生条件恶劣是世界范围内 Poor sanitation was the number-one cause
人类的首要死因 of death in the world.
人类在与细菌的战役中总是惨败 Humans have always faced a losing battle with bacteria.
只有依靠人类的智慧和潜能 Only through our ingenuity,
另辟蹊径 and the ability to look for different clues
去寻找细菌滋生的根源 to what allows those bacteria to thrive,
才能够彻底击溃它们 can we ultimately beat them.
那已成为人类在已有知识的基础上 That has been the battle mankind has waged on bacteria
对抗细菌的一场空前战役 throughout our known existence.
1845年的伦敦 1854, London.
是工业世界中最大的城市 The largest city in the industrial world.
拥有两百五十万人口 Population: two and half million.
三分之一的人生活在贫民窟中 A third living in slums,
最多可以达到八人一室 四十人一房 Up to 8 to a room, 40 to a house.
比如今印度的孟买拥挤整整一倍 Twice as crowded as Mumbai in India today.
整个伦敦 The entire city of London,
是全世界最发达的大都市 the most advanced metropolitan area in the world,
也是一个巨大的排污沟 was really an open sewer.
四十号宽街... Number 40 Broad Street...
... 首当其冲 ...the first victim.
莎拉·刘易斯五个月大的小女儿 Sarah Lewis' five-month-old daughter,
死于霍乱 Dying of cholera.
霍乱弧菌 Vibrio cholerae,
每隔十三分钟 细菌繁殖 a strain of bacteria that doubles in number
数量就翻倍 every 13 minutes,
它们攻击人的肠胃 attacking the stomach and intestines,
几小时内就能致一个健康的成年人于死地 killing a healthy adult in hours.
短短三天 伦敦就有127人死于此 In just 3 days, 127 dead in London.
没有人知道病源病因 No one knows what's causing the disease,
更遑论治疗方法了 And there is no cure.
然而 有一个人出现拯救了人们 But one man is determined to stop it:
他就是医学家约翰·斯诺 Physician John Snow.
他是一位矿工的儿子 The son of a coal worker,
对于城市的贫穷 他并不陌生 He is no stranger to urban poverty.
他具有侦探般演绎推理的能力 A man of science with the deductive powers of a detective.
他深入疾病爆发之地 He will enter the heart of the outbreak,
冒生命之险来探寻病发源头 risking his life to find its source.
你好 女士 我是约翰·斯诺医生 Good day, ma'am. Dr. John Snow...
许多医生认为霍乱是由污染的空气引起的 Most doctors believe cholera is carried by foul air.
而斯诺深入研究了先前的病例 Snow has studied previous outbreaks.
他确信霍乱是由水源引起的 He's convinced the cholera is in the water.
这是一个革命性的观点 A revolutionary insight
正是这个观点将这座工业城市... That will turn the industrial city...
... 由死牢变成了世界的引擎 ...from a death trap into the engine of our world.
1854年 伦敦 1854, London.
工业时代让城市变成了人类的死敌 The industrial age has turned the city into mankind's enemy.
一个杀手肆虐横行 A killer stalks the streets:
那就是霍乱 Cholera.
深入疾病多发区 Heading for the epicenter,
决心找出病源 这就是约翰·斯诺医生 determined to stop the epidemic, physician John Snow.
霍乱在西方国家肆虐横行 Cholera was this plague that ravaged
人们避之唯恐不及 through western society that everyone ran from.
他却深入其中 He went right into it.
去接近其他人的恐惧 He embraced the fear that so many had.
三百年来 霍乱一直在印度盛行 For 300 years, Cholera has been contained in India.
但当人们乘坐火车或航船远行时 But as people travel farther, by train and sea,
他们所携带的病毒也随之扩散开来 The disease moves with them.
前苏联的每座城市都未能幸免 Every Russian city overwhelmed,
一百万人因此而丧生 1 million dead.
越往西传播得越严重 As it spreads west, it grows more virulent.
人们唯恐这是新一轮的黑死病 People fear it's the new Black Death.
疾病蔓延至波兰和德国 Poland, Germany.
仅在巴黎 就有一万九千人死亡 19,000 dead in Paris alone.
而美国则有十五万人死于此疾 150,000 across America.
在伦敦 不到半平方英里内 In less than half a square mile of London,
短短两周就有六百人死亡 600 dead in just two weeks.
第一位受害者便是莎拉·刘易斯的小女儿 The first victim: Sarah Lewis' baby daughter.
如今 她的丈夫 Now, her husband,
饱受肠胃绞痛 极度干渴的折磨 wracked by stomach cramps, desperate thirst,
还伴有呕吐 痢疾 vomiting, diarrhea.
霍乱会使人脱水身亡 Cholera brings on death by dehydration,
这是人们能想到最残忍的死法之一 it's one of the most brutal deaths you can imagine.
患病之人会丧失思考的能力 You lose your ability to think,
和行动的能力 you lose your ability to function.
以极其痛苦的方式死去 It's a painful, miserable death.
斯诺对病患的行为模式进行了调查 Snow searches for a pattern of behavior in its victims.
他所做的就是着眼于信息 What he did was to look at information,
分析摆在他面前的数据 analyze the data he had in front of him,
然后他找到了一个 and then make a miraculous discovery
足以改变人类历史进程 不可思议的发现 that changed the course of human history.
这里有人生病吗? Is there anybody sick here?
附近有个叫做"埃利军需用品"的工厂 At a nearby factory, Eley's munitions...
埃利先生吗? Mr. Eley?
有十八个工人死亡 ...18 workers dead.
斯诺把调查结果标记在地图上 Snow plots his findings on a map,
一张亡者的地图 A map of the dead.
一个小社区就有578人死亡 578 in one small neighborhood.
他列出他们使用的水泵 He lists the water pumps they used
看看是否有规律可循 To see if there is a pattern.
"我发现几乎所有的死者都住在 "I found that nearly all the deaths had taken place"
宽街的水泵附近" "Within a short distance to the Broad Street pump."
距宽街的水泵百码之内(91米) 2,800 people live within 100 yards
住了两千八百人 Of the Broad Street pump.
大部分人都饮用那里的水 Most drink its water.
有关当局拒绝关闭它 The authorities refuse to shut it down.
水才是疾病的罪魁祸首 It is the water that's making people sick.
随后的一名新患者是个特例 Then a new victim who doesn't fit the pattern.
她来自伦敦北部 She's from North London,
离宽街的水泵很远 Nowhere near the Broad Street pump.
难道他的假设错了? Could his hypothesis be wrong?
但是他注意到了她的名字 But he recognizes her name.
苏珊娜·埃利 Susannah Eley.
和那个死了18个工人的工厂名一样 The same name as the factory where 18 men died.
很抱歉打扰了 您认识苏珊娜·埃利吗? I'm sorry to disturb you. Susannah Eley, do you know her?
她是我母亲 She was my mother.
埃利的母亲几年前从这个地方搬走 Eley's mother moved from the area a few years ago.
埃利先生 您能否告诉我 您母亲喝的水 Could you tell me, Mr. Eley, did she drink the water
是来自宽街水泵的吗? from the Broad Street pump?
但是她更喜欢伦敦市中心的水 But she preferred the water from central London
所以 她的儿子们每天给她送去宽街水泵的水 So, her sons sent a daily supply from the Broad Street pump.
埃利先生 我很抱歉 Mr. Eley, I'm sorry to tell you
但是我认为这水有毒 but I think that water is poisoned.
我认为这水携带霍乱病毒 I think the water carries the Cholera.
这就是斯诺一直在寻找的证据 It's the proof Snow's been searching for.
有关当局也不能置之不理 That the authorities can't ignore.
宽街水泵才是罪魁祸首 The Broad Street pump is the killer.
它离开放式的下水道仅有三英尺远(约一米) Just three feet from an open sewer.
致命的污水通过裂缝和裂纹 Through cracks and crevices,
渗漏进入生活供给水中 Deadly sewerage leaks into the water supply.
请不要再接这水了 这水很危险 Please, don't. This water is dangerous.
当局下令拆掉了水泵上的把手 When the authorities remove the handle from the pump...
疾病停止了蔓延 ...the outbreak stops.
约翰·斯诺绘制疾病传播分布图的方法 John Snow's method of mapping the spread of disease
沿用至今 Is still used today.
这是一种清晰且科学的方法 It was a very clear, scientific approach
以获得信息 连线画图 to taking information, connecting the dots,
弄清所发生的事情 and making sense of what was happening.
信息早已齐全 All the information was out there,
但在约翰·斯诺之前 but until John Snow,
我们并没有将这些碎片整合到一起 we hadn't put the pieces together yet.
伦敦开放式下水道的恶臭让人们无法忍受 But the stench of open sewers makes life in London unbearable.
他们称它为"恶臭熏天" They call it "The great stink".
英国议会采取了行动 The British Parliament takes action.
在工业时代 In the Age of Industry,
工程是城市未来的关键 Engineering is the key to cities of the future.
伦敦的排污系统建成 The London sewer system.
这是一条长达一千三百英里的城市地下隧道 1,300 miles of tunnels beneath the city.
共用两亿六千万块特制烧结砖 260 million specially fired bricks.
在之后的四十年里 In the next forty years,
欧洲城市新的排污系统会让 New sewer systems in Europe's cities will help reduce death
因水传播疾病而致死的人数减少四分之一 From waterborne diseases by a quarter.
现今 下水道排污系统的确是 Sewage systems really are the foundation
任何大城市的基础设施 of any major city today.
没有它们 我们无法生存 And without them, we wouldn't be able to exist.
世界会被疾病与死亡笼罩 There would be disease, there would be death.
下水道排污系统使得 Sewage systems allowed us to develop
数百万人口的城市得以出现 into multi-million person cities.
工程 改革和新的资源 Engineering, innovation and new resources.
工业时代让英国成为世界上最富有的国家 The industrial age makes Britain the richest nation on earth.
一个一千七百万人的小岛国 A small island nation of 17 million people
将他的势力散射到整个星球 Projects its power across the planet,
触发了新旧秩序之间的 Triggering a global struggle
世界性的斗争 Between the old order and the new.
工业时代将英国 The industrial age turns Britain
变成了世界强国 Into a world power.
它出产全球一半的煤炭 It produces half of the world's coal,
五分之四的棉纺织品 Four-fifths of the cotton goods.
伦敦银行所拥有的资产超过 London's banks hold more money
世界上其他所有金融中心的总和 Than all the other financial centers of the world combined.
英国主宰着世界贸易 Britain dominates global trade.
它成为了帝国... It becomes an empire...
足以和一个领土面积是它四十倍的国家抗衡 ...powerful enough to challenge a nation 40 times its size.
那是一个与工业时代的进步 A nation that's shunned the advances
失之交臂的国家 Of the industrial age.
中国 有着三亿人口 China. Population: 300 million.
占世界总人口数的三分之一 A third of the people on earth.
它有着古老的文化 An ancient culture.
是世界上最大的经济体 The world's largest economy.
闭关锁国的政策已持续了几个世纪 Yet closed to outsiders for centuries.
这些障碍即将被一种花所摧毁 Those barriers will soon be brought down by a flower.
1838年十二月十二日 December 12th, 1838.
在中国南部的城市 广州 Canton, Southern China.
一个死刑犯正走向刑场 A dead man walking.
他被判处绞刑 Sentenced to die by strangulation.
几个英国商人看到了 British merchants look on.
随后他们所做的事情将会引发一场战争 What they do next will help trigger a war...
带来东西方均势上的 ...and bring a seismic shift in the balance of power
巨变 From east to west.
这场战争事关争夺地球上 A war fought over the most lucrative commodity
最具暴利的商品: On the planet:
鸦片 Opium.
鸦片是从罂粟籽当中提取而出的 Extracted from the poppy seed pod,
它刺激了大脑中一种天然物质的分泌:多巴胺 It activates a natural substance in the brain, dopamine,
这种物质传递着快乐与兴奋 That controls feelings of pleasure and reward,
使人产生一种欢愉的感觉 Generating a sense of euphoria
并且导致生理上的依赖 And physical addiction.
何老金开设了一家利益颇丰的鸦片馆 Ho lao chin runs a lucrative opium den.
他从英国人那里买来鸦片 He gets the drug from the British.
他们在印度种植 They grow it in India.
对英国贸易商来说 这就像印钞票 For the British traders, it's like printing money.
而对中国人来说 这是毁灭性的 For the Chinese, it's devastating.
鸦片这种药物对人的大脑 This one drug opium had such a powerful impact
有着巨大的影响力 on people's minds
在十九世纪早期 它就成为了 that it became the single largest commodity
世界贸易中唯一销量最大的商品 traded worldwide in the early 19th century.
一千二百万中国人沉迷于此 Twelve million Chinese are addicted.
比今天美国海洛因吸食者的数量 Fifteen times more than the number of heroin addicts
要高出十五倍 In the US today.
这掏空了中国的白银储备 Draining China's silver reserves
国家变得四分五裂 And tearing the country apart.
鸦片吸食普遍到 The addiction to opium was so widespread,
近百分之三十的官员有毒瘾 that we have about 30% of court officials addicted.
这个病害足以使 It really was a disease
一个伟大帝国的衰落 that would cripple a great empire.
缉毒官员给维多利亚女王的信中写道: The emperor's drug czar writes to Britain's Queen Victoria:
"他们有何种权利 用这种毒药 "By what right do they use this poisonous drug
来伤害中国人?" To injure the Chinese people?"
"为一己之私 不顾他人生死 "In coveting profit, they have no regard for harming others.
你们的良心何在?" "Where is your conscience?"
皇帝颁布了禁烟令 但却不以身作则 The emperor bans the drug, despite using it himself.
政府突击检查 关闭了国内的鸦片馆 Government raids shut down opium dens across the country.
两千多名中国商人身陷囹圄或被行刑 Over two thousand Chinese dealers imprisoned or executed.
何老金被判处死刑 Ho Lao-Chin, sentenced to death.
皇帝给在华英国供应商发出了信息 The emperor is sending a message to China's British supplier.
因义士 James Innes.
一个强硬的 反复无常的鸦片贩子 Tough, volatile, drug trafficker.
决定解救一个有价值的顾客 Determined to save a prized customer.
住手! Stop!
等一下! 你在干什么? Hold on! What do you think you're doing?
你们没有权利处死他! You have no right to execute this man!
"突然他们开始大打出手" "Suddenly they began to beat about the head"
"朝着附近的刽子手和中国人的头部猛打" "The executioners and any Chinaman within reach."
争吵打闹以僵局结束 The brawl ends in a stand-off.
但是战线开始形成 But the battle lines are drawn.
我们快离开这! Let's get out of here!
英国人不肯放弃自己最赚钱的贸易 The british refuse to give up their most profitable trade.
鸦片为他们提供了国库总收入的 It supplied them with as much as one-sixth of all revenues
六分之一 coming into the British treasury,
所以鸦片贸易对英国人来说 so the opium trade was incredibly important
至关重要 to the British.
一年内 Within a year,
英国军舰轰炸了中国的海岸线 British warships bombard China's coastline.
中国的人力是英国的二十六倍 China has 26 times the manpower of Britain.
但英国 世界领先的工业国家 But Britain, the world's leading industrial nation,
其火力是中国的十倍 Has ten times the firepower.
新秩序取代了旧秩序 The old order gives way to the new.
之后的四十年 For the next four decades,
英国销往中国的鸦片一年就达到了一千万磅 Britain's opium sales to china reach ten million pounds a year.
价值超过现在的十亿美元 Over one billion dollars today.
工商业使得英国成为了超级大国 Industry and commerce make Britain a superpower,
并很快成为了人类历史上最大的帝国 Soon the largest empire in the story of mankind.
从南非到澳大利亚 From South Africa to Australia,
从香港到加拿大 Hong Hong to Canada,
都遍布着日不落帝国的足迹 A global empire on which the sun never sets.
大西洋彼岸 Across the Atlantic,
是另一个过去与未来的冲突争斗 Another conflict between past and future.
美国正闹着分裂 America, a nation divided.
北方工业 The industrial north
对战南方农业 Versus the agrarian south.
美国通过农耕富裕 States grown rich from farming,
但这是一个依赖四百万奴隶的经济体 But an economy based on the labor of 4 million slaves.
在美国 我们看到了 In America we'll now see
北方和南方的冲突 a clash between North and South,
一个工业化 between an industrialized
非奴隶地区 non-slave portion of the country
和支持农业奴隶经济地区 and a portion of the country that supports
之间的冲突 an agrarian slave economy.
而这两件事阻碍了人类的自由思考 And those two things stood in the way of the free-thinking
而这正是我们的根基 which is what we were based on.
如果你把它看做是婚姻 If you think of it as a marriage,
婚姻早已土崩瓦解 the marriage had fallen apart,
双方已势不两立 the differences had become irreconcilable.
南方从联邦分离出去 The south secedes.
美国的新任总统亚伯拉罕·林肯 America's new president, Abraham Lincoln,
将竭尽所能保持国家统一 Will do anything to keep the nation united.
工业的力量将会是 The power of industry will be the key
新时代战争的关键 To a new age of warfare.
在世界各地 人类都面临着 Across the globe, mankind faces a struggle
工业力量和旧世界之间的斗争 Between industrial might and an older world,
一场新世纪的战争一触即发 Launching a new age of warfare.
美国分裂了 America is divided.
北方力争保持统一 North, fighting to preserve the union.
南方却要分裂 South, to break away,
要保持南方经济的发展 依靠的是奴隶劳动 To preserve its economy based on slave labor.
一旦这两种理念交锋 Once these two ideas clash...
美国就变成了地狱 ...hell is on earth.
1863年七月 July, 1863.
在宾夕法尼亚州的葛底斯堡 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
经过两年的内战 After two years of Civil War,
南方邦联军入侵了北方 The confederate army invades the north.
在布洛赫高地上 他们让北方联邦军节节败退 At Blocher's Knoll, they have union forces on the run.
但士兵鲁本·鲁赫有他自己的立场 But private Reuben Ruch stands his ground.
他年仅二十二岁 是个爱国的理想主义者 22 years old, idealist, patriot.
他在日记中写道 He writes in his diary:
"子弹呼啸而过 像冰雹一般 "The bullets were whistling about like hail.
我身后的人中弹了 "A man behind me was shot.
同时 我左边的人也牺牲了 "At that same moment, the man on my left was killed.
他倒在我前面 离我只有半个身位的距离 "He fell with half his length ahead of me.
我想我可能会成为下一个牺牲品" "The thought occurred that I might be next."
这将是美国国土上最血腥的战争 This will be the bloodiest battle ever fought on US soil.
北方的工业给了联邦军一定的优势 Industry in the north gives union troops an edge,
那就是最先进的军事技术: The latest military technology:
0.25口径的卡宾枪 the .52-caliber sharps carbine.
其中九万把枪产于北方的工厂 90,000 of them produced in factories in the north.
这种枪每分钟可发射十三轮 They fire 13 rounds per minute,
比南方叛军的毛瑟枪快四倍 Four times faster than rebel muskets.
毛瑟枪:在来福枪发明前所使用的滑膛旧式步枪
鲁赫的来福枪的射程是旧式步枪的五倍远 Ruch's rifle has 5 times the kill-range of older models.
其杀伤力的奥秘在于枪膛内 Made deadlier by what's inside.
气动铅子弹 亦称为迷你弹 An aerodynamic lead bullet, the minie ball.
北方工厂提供了四亿枚子弹 400 million of them supplied by northern factories.
第一天 叛军推进了联邦军的防线 Day 1, rebel troops push through union lines,
一直到葛底斯堡 Towards the town of Gettysburg.
到黄昏 九千名士兵或死或伤 By dusk, 9,000 soldiers dead or wounded.
这是你第一次真正 It's the first time you get to truly see
亲自近距离地看到 industrialized warfare
工业化的战争 up close and personal.
尸体的数量高得离谱 The body counts are ridiculous.
破坏的惨状惊为天人 The level of devastation is staggering.
后退! Fall back!
恶臭肯定让人难以忍受 The stench must've been incredible,
血腥味非常难闻 the very disagreeable odors of blood,
人仰马翻 the screams of the horses going down,
耳旁充斥着马和人的惨叫 the screams of the men who are falling.
仅从体力上来讲 很难想象 Physically it's almost unthinkable
是什么让他们坚持下去的 what kept them going.
由于腿部中弹 鲁赫被困于一场交火中 With a bullet in his leg, Ruch is caught in the crossfire.
将军 我动弹不了 我中弹了 General, I can't move, I'm hit.
快去医院 不然你会死的! Get yourself to hospital or you'll get yourself killed!
战争中 六十万人失去了生命 In this war, 600,000 will lose their lives.
"这间房中肯定有十或十二人需要截肢 "There must've been 10 or 12 amputations in this room.
医生们卷起袖管 "The doctors had their sleeves rolled up
满身是血" "And were covered in blood."
但这场残杀却带来了医学的进步 But the carnage brings medical progress:
前线的战地医院 Field hospitals on the frontline,
有专业的医生 Professional doctors.
还首创了麻醉药 其主要成分是氯仿 Anesthetics, mainly chloroform, are pioneered.
战争期间 95%的手术中都使用了麻醉药 Used in 95% of all surgical operations through the war.
女护士的引入 The introduction of female nurses
大大改善了卫生条件和病人的护理水平 Greatly improves hygiene and patient care.
伤员的存活率飙升到60% Survival rates skyrocket by 60%.
鲁赫的伤会痊愈 Ruch will survive his wounds
之后他又会回乡务农 And return to his life as a farmer.
北方联邦军被迫后退 Union troops are forced back.
但北方先进的基础建设 But the north's superior infrastructure
将会扭转战争局势 Will turn the battle in their favor.
现代通信把指挥总部和战场前线连接起来 Modern communications linking headquarters to the battlefield.
更多工厂投身于生产制造更为先进的武器 More factories producing better weapons.
日益密集的铁路网给前线的军队 And more railroads bringing reinforcements,
带来了增援 输送了武器和供给品 Weapons and supplies to troops in battle.
内战期间 我们看到合众国不断制造 During the Civil War we see the Union turning out
一辆又一辆的火车 train after train after train,
制造那些复杂得令人难以置信的武器 being able to produce incredibly complicated weapons,
保养它们 并将它们快速分发到各地 maintain them, deliver them at high speed,
全程都使用着工业的方法 using industrial methodologies all along the way.
这改变了世界 It's world-changing.
仅用了一天 火车就把一万五千吨供给品 15,000 tons of supplies arrive at Gettysburg by train
运送到葛底斯堡 In just one day.
南方邦联军前进得愈发艰难 The confederate advance falters.
战势扭转了 The battle turns.
北方的工业力量保证了他们最终的胜利 The north's industrial might secures them ultimate victory.
四个月后 Four months later,
亚伯拉罕·林肯将战场奉为墓地 Abraham Lincoln consecrates the battlefield as a cemetery.
并发表了葛底斯堡演说 The Gettysburg address.
"八十七年前 "Four score and seven years ago,
我们先辈在这块土地上建立了一个崭新的国家 "Our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,
这个国家以自由为理想 "Conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition
奉行人人生来平等的原则" "That all men are created equal."
美国四百万的黑奴获得了自由 America's 4 million slaves gain their freedom.
合众国(北军)赢得了内战 The union wins the Civil War.
美国再次统一了 The nation united once more.
"吾等在此下定决心 "We here highly resolve
亡者之死当非徒然 "That these dead shall not have died in vain,
此国度于神佑之下 "That this nation, under God,
当享有自由之新生 "Shall have a new birth of freedom,
这个民有 民治 "And that government of the people,
民享之政府 "By the people, for the people,
当免于消亡 永世长存" "Shall not perish from the earth."
三代人的时间 人类赢得了新的自由 In three generations, mankind has won new freedoms
利用了新的力量 And harnessed new powers.
现在 工业的传播将改变世界 Now the spread of industry will transform our world
加快生活节奏 And accelerate the pace of life,
带来新的危险 Creating new dangers,
但同时 也把我们推向了新的高度 But pushing us to greater heights.