Hello, everyone. I’m Venus Zhang. 大家好，我是Venus Zhang.
Today I’m going to talk about how to make weather prediction in your future workplace. 今天我们将学习如何在你今后的职场中预测天气
As a student that just graduate from the college, you may have lots of chance to make a schedule or an appointment depending on the weather, since outdoor activities will be greatly curtailed by heavy rain, snow and the wind chill. 作为一名毕业生，你将有许多机会根据天气做日程计划或者安排预约，因为大雨、下雪或者风寒会大大影响你的计划安排
This case happens to Meryl, too who just got the message from the manager, who asked her to make a weather prediction and schedule an outdoor exhibition. Meryl也遇到这样的情形：经理发给Meryl信息让她做一个天气预测并安排一项室外展出的日程
Here goes the message from the manager. 经理发送给Meryl的信息如下
All right, to help Meryl out, we need: first, know the vocabulary for describing weather, including adjectives, verbs and nouns; 那么，为给Meryl解惑，我们首先应当了解描述天气所需的形容词、动词及名词等
next, the modals verbs for talking about possibility, 接下来，我们要学习预测天气所需的情态动词
and finally, several sentences for predicting weather. 最后一步是学会预测天气的句型
Let’s talk about the vocabulary first. 我们先来学习词汇
When describing the weather conditions, we usually observe the sun, cloud, and some phenomenon of the earth. 在描述天气时，我们常观察太阳、云朵等一些天气现象
So we can use “snowy”; 因此我们可以用的词汇包括“下雪的”
“stormy”, which is to describe the violent rain with strong wind and often thunder and lightning; “暴风雨的”用来描述伴有强风，时常有雷电的强降雨
“rainy”; “下雨的”
“windy”; “刮风的”
“breezy”, which is to describe the light or gentle wind; “有微风的”用来描述较弱的微风
“foggy”, a state of mass of droplets of water vapor; “雾深的”用来描述凝结成细微水滴悬浮于空中的水汽
and “sunny”, which is the favorite of all of us. 以及“和煦的”，阳光明媚的天气可是我们大家都喜爱的
Besides the adjectives for describing what the weather’s like, we also need to describing our feelings about how hot or how cold it is. 除了描述天气，我们还需要描述对温度的感知
Then, comes the temperature. 因此，接下来我们谈谈温度
Here, we can use words like “frozen”, “cold”, “chilly”, “cool”, “warm”, “hot” and “scorching.” 我们用诸如“冰冷的”、“寒冷的”、“冷飕飕的”、“凉爽的”、“温暖的”、“炎热的”、“酷热的”等词汇来表达我们对冷热的感知
These words are listed as the degree of heat that our body may feel. 以上几个词是按照我们人体对外界温度感知的从低到高排序的
Then, to express the amount of water vapor, we can use words like “dry”, “wet”, “humid”, etc. 另外，如要表达空气中的水汽含量的不同程度，我们可以用“干燥的”、“潮湿的”、“湿润的”
As for verbs about weather, we could use “hail”, the small balls of ice or sometimes snow, 而动词方面，我们有“下冰雹”，一种小冰粒或小雪球
and “sleet”, the frozen rain or mixture of rain and snow or hail. 以及“雨夹雪”或“冻雨”
In addition to “storm”, which is what we explained just now, we can also use some nouns like “tornado”, 除了“下暴风雨”可以作为名词，还需学习一些名词如“龙卷风”
“hurricane”, “飓风”
and “typhoon”. 以及“台风”
All these three are severe and powerful storm. 以上三种风都是强风。
Having learnt the vocabulary, you may wonder “how should I predict the possibility of weather while it is so changeable?” 在学习了词汇之后，你可能会好奇天气如此多变，我如何才能预测天气的可能性呢
Well, let’s move to modals for talking about possibility. 那么，我们接下来谈谈如何应用情态动词来表达可能性
The range of intensity or degrees, from the weakest to strongest is as follows: might, could, should, must, and will. 情态动词，在表示可能性时由弱至强的排序是“might, could, should, must, and will”
“Might” shows the weakest possibility, which is of only 10% or less chance. For instance, if your friend is jogging in a hot summer evening but it’s a little cloudy, you can give your friend suggestion like “It might be cool and you should wear a sweater.” “Might”表示只有10%的可能，因此其的可能性最弱。例如，假如你的朋友要在稍微多云的夏日傍晚慢跑，你可以给出这样的建议：“气温可能稍凉，把卫衣套上把吧。”
“Could” is used to express 20% certainty. So if you want to give advice to whom try to do outdoor exercise on a snowy day, you should say “It could snow and you should practice inside.” “Could”表示有20%的可能性。因此如要给在下雪天做户外运动的他人建议时，应当说“可能会下雪，你应该在室内做运动。”
Then, to offer suggestion for someone who’s going to go outside when it’s quite cloudy, you could say “It's going to rain and you should take an umbrella.” because “should” is of 50% certainty. 在给大阴天出门的人建议时，可以说“要下雨了，你应该带把伞”；这里“should”表示有50%的可能性。
When you are 90% sure about something, you could use “must”. For instance, “There is a great chance of rainy weather and it must rain and remain cold.” 如果对某事有90%的把握性，你可以用“must”。举个例子，“看天气下雨的可能性很大，这天得下雨而且会一直很冷。”
To express 100% certainty, you should use modal verb “will”. For instance, on a cold winter day, you could predict “Temperatures will drop to below -5 degrees and it could snow today.” 在表示100%可能性时，可以用“will”。例如，如果冬天的某天很冷，你可以预测说“由于温度要降到零下五度了，今天有可能会下雪”。
The third step to make prediction about weather needs our application of certain sentence patterns. 第三步我们学习预测天气的句式
Here, we offer you a map to do a simulation of weather forecast. 这里有一副天气预报的地图供大家做模拟演练
What can you tell from the weather map? 根据地图，你可以说些什么呢？
Look, with useful expressions given, please try to give a weather forecast by using sentences such as “It could be warm in Salt Lake City, because according to the map Area One is sunny and there is only 20% chance of rain;” 运用右侧给出的句型表达，请试试用以下句子来预测天气：“根据地图，区域一阳光明媚只有20%下雨的可能性，因此，盐城天气可能温度怡人。”
“It should be very cold in Houston because the map shows Area Three has 50% chance of sleet and ice.” “地图显示，区域三有50%雨夹雪并结冰的概率，因此休斯顿应该会很冷。”
With the vocabulary, modal verbs and sentence patterns that are mentioned above, we can now use weather forecasts to determine what to wear on a given day, and how to make appointments and schedule activities. Planning ahead based on weather prediction and forecasts will help survive them. 学习了以上所讲的词汇、情态动词及句型，现在我们可以利用天气预报得知某一天如何穿衣，如何计划日程和安排预约了。提前预测天气可以避免这些活动受到天气影响
But here, you may also want to know, what if we need to give a suggestion by using the negative forms of modal verbs? For instance, when it is both sunny and cloudy, what should we say about the weather? Well here, we can form negative statements such as ‘there isn’t a great chance of rain”, “it is not very likely to rain”, or “it will not rain” to predict the impossibility of weather. 但是你可能还会提出疑问，如果要通过情态动词的否定形式来预测天气，该如何做呢？例如，如果天气晴间多云，我们应该怎么说呢？这里，我们可以说“下雨的可能性不大”，“不大可能下雨”，“不会下雨”
By searching on the Internet, Meryl now has got the weather forecasts from March 10th to March 20th, and she can make a weather report with the vocabulary, modal verbs and sentence patterns that we just learnt. Here goes the report she is preparing. 通过上网，Meryl已经查询到3月10日到20日的天气预报。她会用我们刚才所学到的词汇、情态动词及句型做一个天气汇报。请看：
Look, she just got the message from the manager, and tomorrow she has to meet him and give him the report she prepares. 现在，Meryl刚收到经理发来的信息，明天她将去见经理并提交准备好的报告。
For reviewing what we have learnt in this lecture, you should finish an assignment and give me your self-assessment and feedback about this lecture. 为了巩固本堂课所学，请完成作业并对本次课进行自我评价和反馈。
Now, as Meryl has solved her problem, how about you? Hope you have learnt how to make weather prediction with modal verbs and vocabulary about weather. Thank you. 好啦，Meryl已经解决了她的疑惑，你呢？希望你从本堂课中学习到了如何用情态动词和相关词汇预测天气。谢谢！