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by travelpod member
what
petroleum etymologically the word petroleum originates into latin words
petrus which translated means rock
and oleum which translated means oil or mineral oil
two primary theories support the origin of petroleum the first theory supports
the biogenic origin of control
according to this theory dead biological matter breaks down two carriages a waxy
material extern breaks down to liquids and gases under heat and pressure
the second theory supports the a biogenic origin of petroleum it
nourishes the idea that large amounts of carbon that exists in the planet are
converted by microbial life to various hydrocarbon deposits that see upward
into the strander throughout its history various reports anticipated an imminent
downfall to arms they predicted that the supply of producible would soon later be
exhausted this prediction suggested in fact that the world is running out of
all the theory which the media would capitalize upon in particular in north
america
conversely these assumptions were proven wrong over the past decades
international oil statistics uphold that far from diminishing the recoverable
reserves of oil grew steadily in the past 50 years these statistics state
that the international interest discovered at least five new tons of
recoverable oil for every three toes but were consumed in the past five decades
which confirms indeed that instead of running out of oil the world is running
into do Alberta's oil sands support the theory that the world is running into
oil
they seem to but before we move on let's take a glimpse at alberta to answer two
questions that many viewers may have where is Albert located geographically
and what does alberta look like there is canada and there is the province of
alberta canada energy producer later a landmass of 660 1190 square kilometers
almost twice the area of Japan Alberta is located in western canada for the
rocky mountains meet the prairies to significant geological stages led to the
creation of Alberta's present-day landscape most of the territory of
alberta stretched below the sea level across to continental plates that
squeezed for over 100 million years huge amounts of sediment deposited in the
region when the two plates began to move the resulting energy caused the bedrock
in between to crumple and fold which led to the formation of the Rocky Mountains
and the rounded Hills that we see today
the bed rock layers continue to buckle up lifting prairies for the grassland as
the prairies are also called the grassland gradually declined into
elevations that stretch towards the eastern and northeastern sections of the
problems the second significant geological stage that contributed to the
formation of Alberta's landscape was the ice age most of alberta was covered in a
layer of ice up to two miles thick or 3.3 kilometers between 100,000 and
10,000 years ago the climate gradually warmed up and the glaciers retreated
leaving behind the land rich in natural resources rocks huge boulders gravel
sand and silt legacy the ice age are still visible across alberta which
offers today a unique natural scenic beauty and diverse landscapes
albert is abundant natural resources make its economy one of the strongest
economies in north america the province producers about seventy nine percent of
cannabis natural gas
sixty-seven percent of its crude oil sixty-three percent of its cold in all
of its heavier various economic statistics about alberta as the richest
jurisdiction per capita on the planet which classifies albertus three million
some residents as being wealthier than the Persian Gulf residents the Kuwaiti
xin Sandy's long known as Canada's energy problems a dynamic province or
international businesses thrive Alberta is an ethnically diverse products more
than 50 ethnic groups complete its cultural mosaic the natural magnificence
of Alberta's landscape varies with widespread forests alpine tundra
massive ice fields dr Badlands Prairie fields and aspen parkland
the Rocky Mountains are home to the internationally-acclaimed natural parts
of Jasper bath water lakes in kananaskis country
alberta's largest cities are calgary and edmonton calgary spreads alongside the
foothills of the rocky mountains not far from the US Montana border known as the
energy capital of canada calgary is home to the second largest concentration of
corporate head offices canada why it benefits from one of Canada's largest
pathway and cycling systems which include 300 kilometers 180 miles of
paved paths
demographically Calgary has the second highest percentage of population in
canada with university degrees ahead of Toronto and Vancouver it has more
citizens with post-secondary education than any other major Canadian city
Edmonton the capital city of Alberta is reputed to be the Gateway to the
Canadian
Edmonton is home to the world's largest shopping and entertainment center west
edmonton mall this amazing structure often called the eighth wonder of the
world spans the equivalent of forty eight city blocks in the west angeles
city a 49 hectare site in total or 121 acres beneath them all a man created see
with marine plankton invites the visitor two-week lifetime remember submarine
many of the city buildings are noted for their remarkable architecture as this
build the Alberta legislature built
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the green jewel of the city will soon add to its Treasury the longest part
system in the world
an 18,000 888 kilometer-long heart system along the North Saskatchewan
River one-third of the oil and gas reserves of the province are located in
northern of vast area of flat plains rolling hills left behind by the
glaciers during the Ice Age geologists say that approximately 100 million years
before the Ice Age this area was have covered by the Albion see i see that
various species of dinosaurs with dependable
albert is north is beyond doubt and untamed land yet many roads twist and
turn through hundreds of acres of wilderness they connect lonely pockets
of civilization spirit of explorers pioneer colonists trappers and hunters
continues to level Alberta's North confirms the popular image of killer as
a country of pristine and evergreen forests snowy panorama vast inland lakes
woodlands meadows and long wild rivers leading to three oceans Arctic atlantic
and pacific the Athabasca River is the longest river alberta one day 1538
kilometers through mountains and prairies it's spectacular Valley
surroundings are effectively unchanged from the time when native people . along
its banks
one of the largest oil sands deposits in the world spreads out over 118 miles
along the banks paske river and under the boreal forest north of Fort McMurray
booming town in the Athabasca region in northern Alberta Fort McMurray is a
vibrant community sometimes Fort McMurray is referred to as albert is
Northern Light because some of the most outstanding views of the aurora borealis
visible here the outstanding views of the aurora borealis or the northern
lights are the uttermost splendor nature criminal these faraway lands with the
Northern Lights occurred during the winter economics from october to $MONTH
march but viewings on hot august nights are also come the color displays are
shaped by a solar wind a stream of electrons and protons that come from the
Sun and collide with gases in the upper atmosphere there collision causes
electrical discharges that energized atoms of oxygen and nitrogen which
release various colors of light the Earth's magnetic field direct these
discharges towards the poles
common colors of the northern lights are pale green people but different shades
of red yellow green and black can also be observed in an almost done team where
silence sometimes broken only by the uncanny call solitary rules one may be
strikingly surprised by señor saved stretches in the middle of the boreal
forest or along the banks of the Athabasca River a trace the historic
roots of native tribes and early fur traders on both sides of the river east
west north and south fort mcmurray major oil industry players bring to the light
of day bitumen from oil sands buried deeply underground in this place
oil is trapped in a complex mixture of sand bitumen water and play although oil
sand deposits occur in more than 70 countries including Russia
romania albania trinidad and the United States two countries have the largest
oil sand deposits in the world canada with its alberta reserves and Venezuela
with its Orinoco get Alberta's oil sands are the world's largest hydrocarbon
deposits Venezuela Orinoco belt contains vast hydrocarbon resources generally
referred to as heavy and extra heavy crude oil
alberta's resources are referred to as great bitumen according to the world
energy kills the estimated in place resources in Venezuela Orinoco belt add
up to 1,200 billion barrels while albertus in place reserves are estimated
to stand at 1,700 other sources state that albertus in place reserves stand at
2,500 billion barrels certain experts claim that Alberta's oil sands contain
more Petroleum's and Saudi Arabia's oil fields they alleged that there is enough
bitumen Alberta's oil sands to pay four lanes superhighway to the moon 250,000
miles 400,000 kilometers with ample despair for exit ramps some reports
state that Alberta's oil sands deposits contain resources to supply Canada's
energy for more than four hundred seventy-five years or total world energy
for up to 15 years
Alberta's oil sands deposits are located in four main regions of profits
athabasca old leg
peace river
and Alaska
the Athabasca deposits are the largest and closest to the surface accounting
for large-scale oil same developments reinforcement the cold lake deposits are
secondary the oil sands development oil sands development in the Peace River my
basket beaches remains modest
the oil sands deposits are layered in sedimentary formations saved and carbon
that collectively cover roughly six million hips region comparable in size
to the province of New Brunswick or two countries like scotland or ireland the
oil sands lay between two top layers the very top layer the actual surface layer
is called the muskeg the muskeg is a water-soaked form of meat spagna and
moss usually one to three meters thick the second layer is called the
overburden the overburden is a layer of sand gravel and clay the muskeg and the
overburden are stripped and the oil sands is removed from the open-pit using
truck & shovel mining methods oil sand deposits are made up of sand
bitumen water fine particles of play and other girls of which quantities vary
within each deposit in between separate reserves the sand is made up of
ninety-two percent chords with traces of mica rutile circulon normally and pyrite
it is triangular in shape which makes it extremely abrasive it's a brace of
nature posing significant challenges in the mining and extraction process
bitumen is a tar-like mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons with a density
greater than 900 60 kilograms per cubic meter light crude oil has lower density
793 kilograms per cubic on average human is made up of 83.2 percent carbon
10-percent hydrogen four point eight percent salsa and small quantities of
oxygen nitrogen methane hydrogen sulfide nickel-iron and vanadium the percentage
of bitumen in the oil sales ranges from one to twenty percent will sand deposits
that contain more than 10-percent oil are considered rich a deposit comprising
six to ten percent is considered moderate oil sands with less than six
percent oil are considered to be League to produce one barrel of oil oil
companies must dig up move and processes about two tons of oil sales some people
refer to the oil sins as tarsan because bitumen resembles the black sticky tar
but the expression tar sand is improperly used tar is a man-made
substance forms through the distillation organic material bitumen was created by
nature
around 1500 AD Peruvians used bitumen for embalming and waterproof kitchen can
be used for his fault
it can be upgraded into synthetic crude oil synthetic crude oil is an input for
refineries further processed into gasoline aviation and other products the
origin of Alberta's oil says is a controversial subject among many
geologists the most prominent theory of how Alberta's oil sands reformed suggest
that light crude oil from southern Alberta migrated north and east under
the same pressure that formed the rocky mountains over time water and bacteria
transformed the light growed individual a much heavier carbon-rich and extremely
viscous oil another theory suggests that the oil was formed local and has never
moved the oil sands were first mentioned in Canadian history in 1792 opposite of
the Kree First Nations brought an oil sands sample to the Hudson Bay post at
for church the sands were described as good or pitch which flows out of the
base of the first government-sponsored expedition in the Athabasca Wilson was
led by john mccain in 1817 he recorded his observation of water naturally
washing oil out of the oil sands
that is the essence of today's technology for extracting
a chemist who was to become internationally recognized for his oil
sands research dr. Carl a clark and his associate Sidney M blur also on
separating the bitumen from the other science
dr. Clark began his investigations into the Olsens at the Research Council of
alberta and $MONTH 19-20 and provided technical aid and advice to the oil
industry and the government for 50 years
half a century of research and development preceded the dawn of
commercial production from the Athabasca oil city's great canadian oil sands
company today
suncor energy received in 1964 approval to build the first oil sands project
that included mine extraction facilities and an upgrader north of Fort McMurray
the project began production in 1967 a few years later
syncrude canada a joint public-private ventures for & sinker canada began
construction on a giant facility just down the road from suncor it came online
1978 over the years these facilities have been upgraded
d bottlenecked and expanded on an incremental basis in the early nineteen
nineties advances in mining and processing techniques allow dramatic
efficiency improvements and spurred expansions of the mining extraction and
upgrading facilities in 1997 a new royalty regime was implemented the new
royalty regime encouraged further investment in oil sands development
disincentive along with robust crude oil prices sparked a massive oil sands be
with suncor & sinker investing billions in major expansions
from 2002 2003 athabasca was one of the largest construction sites on the planet
three joint venture partners Western oil cities chevron canada limited and shell
canada constructed the two main components of a new oil sands project
the muskeg river mind and the scotford upgrade the new project was named the
Athabasca oil sands project the scale of the construction was gigantic with a
capital program around five billion US dollars during the three-year
construction phase over 40,000 people came from all over the group to work on
a project with over 14,000 employed in the site its peak the heavy pressure
vessels at the heart of the scotford upgrader were so large that a special
cray made it home had to be transported to the site in 80-yard shipping
container its
production of synthetic crude started the muskeg river money in april 2003 in
august two thousand for the Athabasca oil sands project achieved record
monthly production averaging 182,000 barrels of bitumen for day after just
more than one year of operations the project demonstrated its ability to
exceed the design rate of 150 5,000 barrels per day of bitumen on a
sustained basis various petroleum companies and developers are engaged in
or have proposed 81 oil sands projects on some of these players are already
expanding or building their own multi billion-dollar oil sands operations
other projects are in the works some of the projects involve mining others
involved in situ production in situations a Latin expression for in
place the mining techniques also referred to as open-pit are employed in
the Athabasca oil sands deposits north fort mcmurray these are the only
deposits with reserves shallow to be surface mount
approximately eighty percent of the oil same stretch deep below the surface and
cannot be recovered by mining techniques us in situations are used to recover
deeply buried bitumen deposits in situ methods include steam injection solvent
injection and fire floods while the most common instituted the steam assisted
gravity drainage method or sag d employees steam injection no single
method of instant recovery is applied to all oil sentences because the bitumen
varies considerably from deposit to deposit as well as within each deposit
three major players operator oil sands in the Athabasca deposits Suncor Energy
syncrude canada limited and albion saves energy incorporated albion operates the
muskeg river money which is part of the Athabasca oil sands project a joint
venture of shell can diluted Western oil sands incorporate and chevron canada
mining for oil is a relatively simple process to understand but it is
extremely challenged to achieve for more than 80 years
suncor energy incorporated has been known as both an innovator and leader
from its pioneering work in developing the oil sand deposits of northern
Alberta to its introduction of more environmentally responsible fuel suncor
is a growing integrated energy company strategically focused on developing the
Athabasca oil sands basin
the company made history by tapping the oil sentence to produce the first
commercial barrel of synthetic crude oil in 1967 since then
suncor has grown into four major business divisions with more than 4,000
employees
the company uses both mining and Institute technologies to recover
bitumen from soil samples which contained enough resources to sustain
production for the next 50 years the recent expansions of sin course mining
and upgraded facilities led to a total production of two hundred twenty-five
thousand barrels of oil per day which will soon exceed the 1,000,000,000
barrel the company will further develop its resources production and marketing
as it builds toward its goal of producing up to 500,000 to 550,000
barrels of crude oil per day 2010 2012 son course growth strategy comprises
three major components construction of a third upgrader in Fort McMurray their
son kors existing facilities expansion of bitumen supplied to increase bitumen
fee to the new upgrader by expanding oil sands mining and Institute development
and infrastructure support involving investment to expand or build new plant
infrastructure such as product tanks utilities and administration
syncrude canada it operates the largest oil sands crude oil production facility
the syncrude project and produces over thirteen percent of Canada's total oil
requirements sink reminds the oil sales extract and upgrades bitumen into sweet
light crude oil by fluid cookie hydroprocessing hydrotreating andrey
blending the final product the syncrude sweet blonde is sent by pipeline 23
edmonton area refineries and the pipeline terminals which ship it to
refineries in canada and the united states the syncrude project is a joint
venture undertaking among canadian oil sands limited partnership canadian oil
sands limited conocophillips oil sands partnership to imperial oil resources
mokal energy limited Murphy Oil completed next and incorporated and
petro-canada oil and gets the project is operated and administered by syncrude
canada it on behalf of the joint venture partners it took 4 to 3 million field
work hours with 10,300 people employed at peak instruction to construct the
sinker project in 1976 in 1977
7500 workers lived in camps on site three kitchens served up to 27,000 meals
a day
the 100 million barrels produced in July 1982 and $YEAR 1 billion was produced in
april $YEAR 1998 the initial cost of the secret project was 2.3 billion dollars
over 240,000 cubic metres of concrete 853 kilometers of pipes and 2920
kilometers of wire and cable text along with nearly 450,000 tons of other
materials equipment vests and plant components every 24 hours there is
enough metal worn off the money to make two full-size pickup trucks the
synchronous operations and compass for major technology lining extraction
upgrading and utilities to increase its production capacity the synchrony
project will eventually undergo five stages of incremental expansions stages
one and two were completed in $MONTH 2001 at a cost of 1 billion dollars and
included the development of two new mining the North mine and the oral the
new developments led to an increase of the oil sands production which reached
246,000 barrels of oil per day
further incremental development of the Aurora mind and mildred lake upgrader
will be completed in stages 3 4 and 5 the three stages will span the following
years until 2050 $PERCENT by 2015 the total production is expected to reach
500 30,000 barrels per day the Athabasca oil sands project 5.7 billion dollar
project and the newest operation to begin mine in the Athabasca region is
the first fully integrated oil sands project in 25 years the project includes
the muskeg river mine located 75 kilometers north of Fort McMurray the
corridor pipeline and the scotford upgrader located near fort saskatchewan
east of edmonton the muskeg river mine stands on least 13 shell canada limited
4645 hectare release the combined resources of the muskeg river morning at
least 13 contain more than 5 billion barrels of bitumen the oil sand deposits
are close to the surface and contain a high concentration of oil which makes
them suitable
the muskeg river mind will recover 1.65 billion barrels of bitumen over 30 years
further expansion of the Athabasca oil sands project is planned through the
development of a second line the Jackpine on the eastern portion of
shells least 13 the expansion will result in combined production from
muskeg river inject of eighty-four thousand cubic meters per day
albion sands energy it was created to manage and operate the muskeg river me
on behalf of its joint ventures shall canada limited which ones sixty percent
of the project Western oil sands in for which owns twenty percent of the project
and chevron canada limited a wholly-owned subsidiary of chevron
texaco Corporation which owns twenty percent of the project the joint venture
partnership were selectively planned shell holds the leases and shares the
upgrading expertise and knowledge of refining with several Western provides
the mining expertise project management and financial stewardship and was chosen
as a joint venture partner based on its international experience mining and
extraction
the muskeg river mind while sand deposits are legacy of the Albion c2c
that one shape on Werner's landscape albion sands energy incorporated
garnered its name from the longtime disappeared see that created the oil
sales which the company brings to the light of day several companies built
diverse facilities to serve the needs of the Athabasca oil sands project under
long-term commercial agreements trans mountain pipeline company live a
wholly-owned subsidiary of bc gasps incorporated built the corridor pipeline
a dual pipeline system that transports diluted bitumen from the muskeg river
mine to the scotford upgrader and connects the upgrader with refinery and
pipeline terminals in the edmonton alberta the corridor pipeline operated
by terrorists incorporated petroleum transportation division also provides
oil storage facilities for the Athabasca oil sands project atco power candle
built gas-fired cogeneration plants at both the muskeg river mind and spot for
upgrade to provide steam and electricity
atco pipelines supplies the natural gas needs of the muskeg river mind gas-fired
cogeneration lining or open pit mining is done in benches benches are each
approximately 12 to 15 meters high giant electric rope shovels load the oil sands
into heavy hauler trucks at the muskeg river mall the world's largest electric
shovels and mining operate 24 hours a day 365 days a year they dig up the oil
sales and transport them to the extraction plant albion sands energy
minds with four bucyrus 495 hf electric road shuttles and 23 caterpillar 797b
heavy hauler trucks the 495 hf shuttles hf stands for high flotation are
productive and reliable tools for the muskeg river the giant shovel is
equipped with wide clothes which gives the 495 agent the ability to operate in
a soft underfoot conditions the oil sands it
you Cyrus 495 a check of which acquisition cost amounts to 15 million
dollars carries a new super cat designed for work face visible increased
horsepower allows the 495 HS a 110 tons single-pass capability it can provide up
to 120 tons capacity and specified powered by the latest siemens AC igbt
drive system technology its brushless AC motors and fuses drives set new
standards for reliability and efficiency and the unique oil sands involved the
gross working wait the 495 hf show amounts to 1 million 315,000 kilograms
2931543 5hf reaches 20.7 two meters or sixty eight feet its overall with
reaches 13.0 one meters or 42 feet 10 inches its overall length which is 28 85
metres 94 feet 8 inches
the 797b holler truck is the first official 400 ton truck the largest of
the world introduced in 2002 as a second-generation caterpillar ultra
class try the 797b represents the pinnacle of mining its target payload
amounts to 380 tons in the standard 290 cubic yard body heat capacity but a
lighter body designed for a particular application and increased payload to 400
times electronic controllers integrate engine information with mechanical
drivetrain introduction to optimize truck performance extend component life
and improve operator comfort matched with bucyrus 495 hf electric group
shells 797b holler truck and unique combination of iron and electronics has
proven its efficiency and positive impact on cost per ton at the muskeg
river mind it is powerful productive and it is equipped with the latest
improvement information technology a full line of systems work hard last
empty the truck weighs 620 3690 kilograms or 1,000,000 375
it is equipped with a 24 st. four-stroke cycle diesel engine to move the gross
operating wave efficiently up to a top speed of 42 minutes . or 67 km/h the 24
cylinder cat engine produces 3550 horsepower it has an independent
self-contained oil pneumatic suspension on each wheel and it is outfitted for a
fuel capacity of 6814 leaders 1800 us generals the 797b truck is 14.5 meters
or 37 feet 5 inches no and 9.8 meters or 32 feet wide it reaches 7.6 meters or 24
feet 11 inches in height accomplishing a dumping 15.3 meters or 50 feet 2 inches
the acquisition cost of the 797b truck ranges between five and six million
dollars
the trucks dump the load into pressures which break up the big chunks of
boylston to prepare for transport into the plant on the world's largest
conveyor belt that the muskeg river mine is equipped with the first step in
separating bitumen from the Orson's is conditioning any large lumps of oil
sands broken and course material is removed the oil sand is crushed
then it is mixed with Papua the resulting mixture of slurry is hydro
transported to the extraction plan a new technology called counter-current
decantation is used to further process the slowly the blended slurry is fed
into a primary separation visit where it settles into three layers topwater
resented as the slurry arrives which causes rapid separation impure bitumen
froth floats on top sand sinks to the body and a combination of bitumen sand
play and water sits in the middle which is known as middlings the primary
separation vessel has a rake at the bottom that pulls the sand down and
speeds up the separation mixed with water
the sand is pumped into settling basins called tailings ponds
the Midlands undergo a secondary separation
although various methods are used in the secondary separation they all involve
injection of air into the Midlands in flotation tanks by adding air a further
two to four percent of bitumen the children cannot be refined into
petroleum products like gasoline kerosene or gasoline without being
upgraded to crude oil to be further processed bitumen is transported from
the muskeg with him down the dual-core piping to the scotford upgrade here
human is upgraded through hydrogen conversion processes into a wide range
of premium quality low sulfur and lotus casa de synthetic crude oil the w is
reclaimed and it is sent back to the US government the 492 a kilometer long duel
corridor pipeline system links to muscat nevermind to the scotford upgrade and
connects the upgraded to existing marketing terminals in the edmonton area
the corridor pipeline which was completed over 2.5 million man hours of
work has two sections the first section is a dual 450 kilometers long pipeline
just one transports 35,000 100 cubic meters per day diluted bitumen to the
scotford upgrade the second line transports 11,300 cubic meters per day
of deal you back to the muskeg river mine
the second section is also a dual 43 km/h Pliner that is connected to the
scot free upgrade
one line transports up to 9950 cubic meters for days
synthetic crude oil to existing terminals at the edmonton hunt the other
is a return that delivers up to 6,000 450 cubic meters per day of
supplementary feedstock to the upgrade the scotford upgrader is located near
fort saskatchewan 40 kilometers east event and is operated by shell canada
the upgrade our users hydrogen edition technology to process bitumen into
low-sulfur synthetic food or the synthetic crude oil is sold two shells
scotford and sonia reflectors and chevron texaco salt lake in Burnaby
defines remaining balance being saved to other forms
bitumen is carbon rich and hydrogen for to turn it into a more valuable
hydrocarbon product some of the carbon is removed and more hydrogen is added
process which involves four distinct phases coking removes carbon and breaks
large Benjamin molecules into smaller parts distillation sorts mixtures of
hydrocarbon molecules into their components catalytic conversion
transforms hydrocarbons into more valuable forms and hydrotreated remove
sulfur and nitrogen and adds hydrogen molecules the resulting hydrocarbon . is
called synthetic crude oil which is refined further into gasoline jet fuels
and other chemicals that all together make petroleum one of the world's most
important commodities petroleum powers the vast majority of videos automobiles
trucks trains aircraft and is incorporated into many of the products
we use in our daily life clothing eights home heating compact discs adhesives fly
and others about eighty percent of Alberta's oil sands are buried deep
underground which makes it difficult for open-pit mining thus the oil must be
recovered using Institute technologies in six you is latin for in place when
using in situ technologies steam is injected into the oil settings via
horizontal wells the pressure and high temperature cause bitumen and water to
separate from the sand partners the sand is left in place
the hot liquefied digital is pumped to the surface using other horizontal wells
located just below the steam injection reservoir bomb is a major factor in
determining the economic viability of an insecure project low vertical
permeability low-pay fitness I she'll contact and presence of bottom character
is a low-quality reservoir high vertical permeability i pay things nobody and
little shale our primary characteristics of a high-quality reservoir insitute in
place production and albert is also commenced back in 1985's Oh resources
today Imperial Oil opened its cold lake in the same year nineteen eighty-five
petro-canada initiated operations at will float look far from cold
in 1986 shell commenced operations and it's Peace River Project various other
Institute projects have come on stream of the years others our planet
particularly in the Athabasca region neighborhood for the largest Institute
recovery projects are located in the cold lakeridge held in deposits deeply
buried under a 22,000 square kilometer area the cold lake oil sand reserves
makeup
albertus second-largest oil sands results geographically the cold lake
region is very diverse it offers an abundant source of water extensive
wildlife fish habitat and opportunities for recreation of Tours its economy is
based on oil development and tourism Canada's largest Air Force Base is
located
incorporated in 1996 through the amalgamation of the former towns of
Grand center cold lake and Canadian Forces Base for wing cold lake became
albertus newest city in october first two things it is located 287 killings
180 miles northeast of edmonton and 600 kilometres 370 three miles northeast of
counting the cold lake Institute projects of Imperial Orleans as are
canada's largest in situation sands operations Imperials current investments
in the area amount to 2.3 billion dollars Canadian further expansions
could add an additional one going to use of capital expenditures over the next
decade Imperial Oil pioneer development of bitching tradition both through its
leading role in the creation of sync and development of its large-scale Institute
cold lake project more than 30 years of laboratory and field research projects
led to Imperials cold lake phased commercial production project Imperials
cold lake oil sands basis span about 780 square kilometres the oil sands are
deeply buried within the clearwater a study of the Cold Lake heavy oil
sponsored by Imperial Oil revealed that it consists of multiple I frequency
Valley figs incident into open marine para sequences of the clearwater
formation longtime disappeared
albion see
Imperials field development program for the cold lake operations employees
compact well pads each containing a cluster of vertical and directionally
drilled Wells 2232 axis the bitumen producing reservoir the pad design
minimizes surface disturbance while direction well as provide access to a
much larger area of the underground oil sands reservoir
the same well boy is used for steam injection and bitch America
imperial operates over 3,000 words within the cold lake development area
dual above-ground pipelines one delivery state and the other carrying produced
fluids back a central processing serve multiple paths above ground lines reduce
corrosion exposure and favorite expected surveillance Imperials pulled like
operations consists of phases 1 through 13 with 3 major operating sites together
they reach a total production of twenty thousand seven hundred cubic meters per
day
a further proposed expansion project called the baby will be on stream later
this decade and we'll add 250 million barrels of recoverable reserves in the
VA project will also include an extension of Imperials existing cold
lake operations and increase production capacity 4707 cubic meters per day
various other players operate in the cold lake oil sands reaching besides
interior over the next few years they will expand their operations will
optimize the use of your existing heavy or than production facilities and we'll
add new production and stained generation facilities in Canada is a
well-positioned player in the cold lake oil sands deposits with an enterprise
value of about thirty billion dollars us in Canada is one of the world's leading
independent oil and gas cools
it's Institute projects recover currently 38 thousand barrels of oil per
day the future expansions are expected to raise in Kansas production to more
than 100,000 barrels per day in canada a former joint-venture partner in the same
group project has recently shifted its strategy by selling its non-operated
interest in sink roots mining operations to focus on its one hundred percent
Institute steam assisted gravity drainage projects the new strategy shift
led to the first expansion to in Canada's foster creek project commercial
nchu steam assisted gravity drainage project which was completed until you
and on budget
the central plant was expanded and six new well pairs were headed which
increased in Canada's oil sands production to about 28 thousand barrels
per day in canis foster creek project is located on the cold lake eyre weapons
range approximately 220 kilometers north of edmonton and contains an estimated
1050 million barrels of recoverable reserves steam generation capacity of
the foster creek project increased with the construction of a gas-fired
cogeneration that powers the steam assisted gravity drainage facilities and
Canada second thermal oil recovery project Christina Lake approach is
located approximately 170 kilometers south of Fort McMurray and contains an
estimated 700 million barrels of recoverable reserves the christina lake
project which began production in the second quarter of $YEAR 2002 will
undergo three phases of development consisting of water treatment steam
generation production celebration eat recover water di loyal water disposal
and oil handle at 8,000 square killers the Peace River oil sands deposits
remain modest like Google conscript deposits
the Peace River Valley is one of the most majestic sites in northwestern
alberta the economy of the Peace River region is based on agriculture forest
and Orlin gas developments
industrially peace river is home to shells in scituate project shell canada
has a one hundred percent interest in peace releases that are estimated to
contain some seven to 10 billion barrels of portunus or the reservoir lives at a
depth of about 550 meters and requires and situated to allow the highly viscous
oil to flow through productions shell tested multiple recovery technologies at
peace river most recent multilateral horizontal wells that are operated in
cyclic steam have proven to be commercially promising the enormous oil
sands resources in the fort mcmurray represent a substantial growth
opportunity for petro-canada petro-canada is one of the largest
integrated oil and gas companies of canada and a significant international
player petrol canada has large institutional and hold the fort mcmurray
including the 290 million dollar McKay river project developed and development
opportunities at other Lisa's the mckay River Project a 100-percent petro-canada
on project is located about 60 kilometers northwest of Fort McMurray
the mckay river project is petrol Canada's lead steam assisted gravity
drainage project in its plans to develop its substantial leasehold of the area
the project was developed along with two petro-canada alliance partners both
engineering and Flint energy services with full regard for economic
environmental and social considerations petro-canada took the project directly
to commercial development without running a pilot project
production began in $MONTH 2002 and in 2003 reached close to its target
capacity 4770 cubic meters per day the mckay River Project has a projected
recovery of an estimated $OPERAND thirty-seven 248 million cubic meters
233 to 302 million barrels of bitumen over a 25-year project like span the
project benefits from a 165 megawatt on-site gas-fired cogeneration time
built and operated by TransCanada pipelines an unprecedented investment in
Alberta's oil sands or was announced by various oil sands developers more than
40 new projects and project expansions are scheduled for completion through
2012 most of them are backed up by large Canadian or multinational companies that
have the necessary financial resources to undertake the total oil sands
industry investment in new and sustaining capital will potentially
reach 90 3.5 billion dollars by 2012 22 point five billion dollars has already
been spent the actual timing for all projects depends on the outcome of
regulatory processes approvals market conditions final project costs and
sustainable development considerations various modifications expansions and be
bottlenecking projects are proposed for the next several years to increase the
bitumen production rates soon the overall oil sands production levels will
reach 1.8 million barrels per day of synthetic crude oil and an additional
1.2 million barrels per day of bitumen
if all projects go through 2012 the bitumen production reach 2 million
barrels per day to achieve the full production potential alberta soil c
reserves new technologies have to be developed along with new methods that
will improve recovery acceptable costs and increased efforts to control the
emissions of carbon dioxide the cumulative environmental effects of
development are considered in a coordinated manner all oil systems they
restore the mining to the equivalent of their previous biological activity which
is to say that the region is a hole forms and ecosystem in landscape is
healthy and productive as the one that existed before develop the process and
is returned to the pit along with the topsoil and musket the clay and gravel
are used to reconstruct the landscape sacred for example is permanently
reclaimed approximately 3,300 hectares of land planting 12.5 million trees and
shrubs seeds
the year 2010 syncrude will have reclaimed 6900 actives in cooperation
with the fort mckay First Nation secret has successfully developed would buy
some habits over 300 majestic Woodbine's and live on land reclaimed from seafoods
mining and tailings operations all oil sands players work with government
agencies local communities and other stakeholders to ensure land reclamation
is in tune with environmental standards their vision is to leave behind areas
comprised of parkland wetlands and lakes hence the reclaimed land will support
further economic and recreational developed along with the abundant
natural beauty of northern Alberta the Pioneers had a vision of the commercial
applications of Alberta's vast oil sand resources and you'll see now a major
supplier board of canada and the united states but do Alberta's oil sands really
support the theory that the world is running into . the current oil sand
developments in northern Alberta and new approaches to technological problems if
grounds for optimism the reversal long-term and widespread belief that the
world is running notable in this place to land sky and water meet to provide
unparalleled natural humankind is literally walking
yeah
information in walking on world Alberta's oil sands was collected from
and verified with various sources
although every effort was made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the
content c21 etv accepts no responsibility with respect to the data
that was disclosed by such sources
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