我要向你介绍 最令人难以置信的地方 I am gonna tell you about the most incredible place.
我们认为我们了解我们的家 We think we know our home
但一旦你从太空中看它，它会震撼到你 but once you've seen it from space, it hits you.
它可能是整个宇宙中最奇怪的地方 It might be the weirdest place in the whole universe.
八名宇航员，他们之间的空间超过一千天， Eight astronauts, with over a thousand days in space between them,
可以告诉我们在那里如何帮助他们真正理解 can tell us how being up there helped them to truly understand
这里发生了什么 what goes on down here.
从我小时候起，我一直是一名观星者 I've been a stargazer ever since I was a kid.
我的祖母甚至给了我一个指南针，以便更容易找到北极星 My grandmother even gave me a compass tomake it easier to find the North Star.
我喜欢向太空望去，想象那里有其他世界吗？ I love looking out into space and imaginingare there other worlds out there?
那里会有生物吗？ Is anything living on them?
国 家 地 理 倾 情 呈 现
其实每天你都可以找到一个新的行星系统 You know, every day you're finding a new planetary system that
看起来很像地球 looks pretty similar to Earth.
我认为地球之外的其他地方 有生命的可能性非常高 The possibilities of life somewhere else other than Earth I think are very high.
我就会想，那里还有其他的生物 I like to think that, that there's other life out there.
主持：威尔·史密斯
如果那里有生命 会是什么样的？ If there is life out there what would it be like?
我们可以和它交流吗？ Could we talk to it?
或者，会想要打架吗？ I mean, is it gonna wanna fight?
还是像浪漫电影？ Or will it like romantic movies?
你我之间有什么东西相同吗？ Is there anything out there like you and me?
要找到答案，我们不能只看太空，我们也需要向下看 To find out, we can't just look into space, we also need to look down here.
我要告诉你，外星生命的线索是如何隐藏在我们奇怪的岩石上的 I'm gonna tell you how clues to alien life are hidden on our strange rock.
奇 异 星 球
Mae Jemison是太空中第一位非裔美国女性 Mae Jemison was the first African American woman in space.
但是地球轨道对她来说还不够 But Earth's orbit was not enough for her
她现在是一个星际航行计划的负责人， she's now head of a star ship initiative,
它的100年使命是大胆前往没有人去过的地方 its 100 year mission to boldly go where no one has gone before.
在成长过程中，科幻小说是我讲故事的主题 Growing up, science fiction was my go-to storytelling.
梅·杰米森 漫游太空8天
作为一个小女孩，我看星际迷航，很着迷， As a little girl as I watched Star Trek, I was fascinated,
因为科学是元素之一 because science wasone of the characters.
它正好是我喜欢的 It was right inthe middle of it.
所以我对科学的热爱真的遇到了一个非常有趣的愿景 And so my love for science really met an incredibly interesting vision.
我很幸运能够见到扮演Uhura中尉的Nichelle Nichols I was fortunate enough to meet Nichelle Nichols who played Lieutenant Uhura
参加了星际迷航大会 at a Star Trek convention.
她在招募一些首批女宇航员方面发挥了重要作用 She was really instrumental in the recruitment of some of the first women astronauts
和美国太空计划中的第一批少数宇航员 and the first minority astronauts in the US Space Program.
我不是她的新兵之一，但我真的很高兴地说 I wasn't one of her recruits,but I'm really happy to say
她现在是我最好的朋友之一 that she's one of my best friends now.
你是安道尔人，对吧？ You're an Andorian, huh?
是 Yes.
人们总是问我，“我们会在其他世界找到外星人吗？” People are always asking me, "Will we find aliens on other worlds?"
我知道他们的意思是 我们会找到瓦肯人还是克林贡人？ And I know they really mean will we find Vulcans or Klingons?
要知道有多大可能，我们真的必须了解这个星球的生命 Well, to know how likely that is, we reallyhave to understand how we got diverse,
如何变得多样化和复杂化 complex life on this planet.
科学家认为，大约在40亿年前 Scientists believe that somewhere around four billion years ago
生命出现在地球上 life emerged on Earth.
有人可能会想到，一旦我们从这种“原汤”中获得生命， One might imagine that, once we get life out of this primordial soup,
通往花卉和人类等复杂生物的道路非常简单 the road to complex creatures like flowers and humans is pretty straightforward.
但坚持下去，并不是那么容易 But hold on, it's not quite that easy.
没有规则要求生命一定变得更大 There was no rule that life had to get bigger.
没有规则让生命必须变得更加复杂 There was no rule that life had to become more complex.
生命可以保持简单和小，但事实并非如此 Life could have stayed simple and small, but it didn't.
今天，我们生活在一个由800多万种不同物种居住的星球上 Today, we live in a planet inhabited by over eight million different species.
为此 发生这种情况的可能性太小 以至于让你好奇 And for that to happen is so unlikely that it makes you wonder
如果它可能发生在其他地方 if it couldhappen anywhere else.
当你从太空俯视地球时，你会看到海洋， As you look down at the Earth from space, you see the ocean,
沙漠， the desert,
草原， the grasslands,
你知道生活存在于每个地方 you know that life exists inevery one of those locations.
那里的生命类型？ And the type of life that's there?
那么，这取决于可用的食物 Well, that depends on what food is available.
罗根·道尔 洞穴探险家
洞穴没有光源 The caves have no light source.
当你进入洞口时，它十分黑暗 When you're away from the entrance it's as dark as dark things get.
那些选择住在山洞里的生物，他们这样做是有原因的 The creatures that choose to livein a cave, they do it for a reason.
怀托莫洞 新西兰
在一个完全黑暗的地方，任何微小的光都非常有效 In a totally dark place any light is incredibly effective.
萤光蠕虫在饥饿时会发光 The glow worms glow when they are hungry.
虫子们不知道 The bugs have no idea.
他们认为，哦，光，本能地就飞向它 They think, oh light,instinctively fly towards it.
突然之间，他们被困住了 All of a sudden, they're stuck.
萤光蠕虫是一种欺骗性的生物 The glow worm is adeceptive creature.
你知道的越多，你看的越多，就越恶心 The more you know, the more you see, the more disgusting
你会意识到这些生物是凶猛的 and ferocious you realize these creatures are.
当萤光蠕虫发现它的虫子时，它会咬住或刺穿表皮 When the glow worm's got its bug, it will bite or puncture into the wall
吸食虫子身体 of the insect and suck out the inside.
当然，生命进化到适合周围环境的是自然法则 Surely it's a law of nature that life evolves to fit its surroundings.
如果我们在其他星球上找到生命 它很可能是最适应它的环境 If we find life on other planets it's likely that it was the best suited to prosper
在那里的条件下 那就是外星达尔文进化论 in the conditions there, an extra-terrestrial Darwinian evolution, if you please.
作为人类，我们不断提出问题 As human beings, we are constantly asking questions.
我是谁？ Who am I?
我们为什么在这里？ Why are we here?
存在的意义是什么？ What is the meaning of existence?
事实证明，生活中最重要的问题是我们晚餐吃什么？ Well, it turns out the big question forlife is what are we having for dinner?
食物就是能量，生活中的一切都需要食物， Food is energy, everything living needs it
生物的生活行为和他们的样子的重要原因 and it's a big reason creatures live act and look the way they do.
这里生命的复杂性是惊人的 The complexity oflife here is staggering.
想象一下，如果你从未见过骆驼 骆驼会有多奇特 Just imagine how peculiar a camel might appear if you'd never seen one before.
你可能会认为这是来自另一个星球的生物 You might think it was a creature from another planet
但它的奇特设计非常有意义 but its strange design makes perfect sense
它获得和使用能量的方式， for the way it gets and uses energy,
像它的宽扁平牙齿 用于咀嚼坚硬植物的 like its wide flat teeth for chewing tough plants.
或者驼峰，一堆以脂肪储存的能量 Or its hump, a mound of fat, stored energy,
使它能在严酷环境中存活数月 that allows it to survive months in a harsh
在没有食物的环境下 environment without eating.
维持像骆驼这样复杂的生物需要大量的能量 To sustain a complex creature like a camel requires vast amounts of energy.
甚至一只苍蝇 只拥有数百万个复杂细胞 Even something like a fly with millions of complex cells
复杂程度也令人叹为观止 is breathtakingly complicated
而且需要稳定的能量流 and requires a steady flow of energy.
但即使你是一个微小的微生物，小于针头， But even if you're a tinymicrobe, smaller than a pinhead,
也仍然有能量需求 you still have energy demands.
当我们思考生活时，我们通常会想到大事， When we think about life we usually think of the big stuff,
你知道植物和动物，但地球上的大部分生命都很小， you know plants and animals, but the majority of life on Earth are small,
单细胞生物 single-celled organisms.
细菌 Bacteria.
他们已经进化到几乎可以吃任何东西 And they have evolved to eat almost anything.
所以我想 你走下主桅杆 然后跳进第三洞 So I think, yeah, you go down the King Mast and then you jump into the third hole.
好的 你知道 我已经完成核对清单 我已经准备好了通讯 Okay. Well, you know, I've done the checklist, I've got the comms ready.
祝你好运 So good luck.
这是世界上最大的船舶墓地之一 This is one of the biggest graveyards of ships in the world.
约有50艘日本船只和250多架飞机沉没在这里 Around 50 Japanese boats andover 250 aircraft were sunk here
在第二次世界大战期间 被美国军队击沉 by American forces during the Second World War.
有些被鱼雷炸毁了 Some were blownup with torpedoes,
其他遭到炸弹轰炸 others were bombed.
它现在看起来像是无用的垃圾 但对于某些生物 这是一个完美的家 It might seem like useless junk now, but for some kinds of life it's a perfect home.
为了制造战争的船只而投入的所有能量 All that energy that was poured in to make the vessels of the war
在这里等待被释放 is there waiting to be released.
锈斑看起来像钟乳石，它们是金属和部分微生物的一部分 Rustics look like stalactites and they are part metal and part microbes.
微生物从金属中提取化学能 用来生长和繁殖 Microbes extract the chemical energy from the metal, using it to grow and reproduce.
对于我们 铁是一种金属 但对于这些微生物而言是食物 To us iron is just a metal, butfor these microbes it's food.
生锈的细菌爬满了数十亿的快乐细菌 The rusticle is crawling with billions of happy bacteria, all chomping on an
可以吃的铁水下自助餐 all-the-iron-you-can-eat underwater buffet.
地球上的第一批生物是微生物 The first creatures on Earth were microbes.
在将来 所有人类生命都消失的时候 And in the future when all human life has gone,
细菌仍将在那里开展业务 bacteria will still bethere doing their business.
我爱我的食物 但是我有点挑剔 那是因为我不是一个微生物 I love my food but, I mean, I'm a little picky, and that's because I'm not a microbe.
他们会吃任何东西，金属，岩石，油，塑料， They will eat anything,metal, rocks, oil, plastic,
甚至是人肉 even human flesh.
但是像这样的大胃口会派上用场 But having a big palate like that comes in handy.
细菌可以在山顶上生存 Bacteria can survive up on mountain tops.
他们可以在沙漠中生存 They can survive in deserts.
他们在土里 They're in the soil.
它们在大气层中有数千英尺高 They're thousands offeet up in the atmosphere.
他们到处都是 They're everywhere.
所以行星是由什么构成的，或者它的大气是多么毒无关紧要 So it doesn't matter what a planet is made of or how poisonous its atmosphere.
即使只有一点点能量来提取， Even if there is just a tinybit of energy to extract,
简单的微生物将找到一种方法来获得它 simple microbes willwork out a way to get it.
在那里的宇宙中，必须有那些东西， Out in the universe there,there's gotta be that stuff,
一定有这些单细胞生物生活在 there's gotta be these single cell organisms that are living in environments that life
杰瑞·林恩格 漫游太空143天
已知的地球生命 可能无法忍受的环境中 as we know it here on Earth could probably never tolerate.
在无限的时间 无限数量的行星， Given an unlimited number of planets in an unlimited amount of time,
认为这是唯一的地方有点妄想 it's a little bit delusional to think that this is the only place
生物本来可以进化 life could have ever evolved.
也许其他星球上有微生物 但有一个很大的差距 Maybe there are microbes on other planets,but there's a big leap between them
在和我可以交谈的东西之间 and something I can talk to.
在地球上 没有访客 这种飞跃是不可能发生的 Here on Earth, that leap couldn't have happened without a visitor from
9300万英里之外 93 million miles away.
多年来，我和外星人有很多遭遇，这可能会来 Over the years, I've had many encounters with aliens
对你很震惊，但他们并不真实 and this may come as a shock to you, but they weren't real.
但如果好莱坞是正确的 并且有外星人 But if Hollywood is right and thereare aliens,
他们就会有需求 就是能量 they're gonna have needs, and it's gonna beall about energy.
在地球历史上的一个点，能量来自火山口的热量， Up to a point in Earth's history, energycame from heat, from volcanic vents,
来自雷击 from lightning strikes.
这种能量随处可见 This energy was readily around.
但是，随着地球开始降温和变化，天气也发生了变化 But, as the Earth started to cooland to change, the weather changed.
天气也发生了变化 the weather changed.
需要一种新的能源 A new source ofenergy was needed.
一些细菌想出了一种新机制 利用来自太阳的能量， Some bacteria came up with a new mechanism,let's use the energy from the Sun,
这很容易获得 which is readily available.
这是地球上生命史上一个非常关键的时刻 It was a really pivotal momentin the history of life on Earth.
在空间站上，我们有大量的太阳能电池 On the space station, we have this vast array of solar cells
利兰德·梅尔文 漫游太空24天
来收集利用太阳的能量 that collect and harness the solar energy from the Sun,
我们用它来运行所有系统来维持生命 and we use this to run all the systems to sustain life.
如果事情不按照预期的方式发挥作用，那就会非常棘手 If things don't work the way they're supposed to, that can get very tricky very fast.
当向窗外看时 你会看到延伸的这些太阳能电池板 When you look out the window you see these solar panels that extend the length
长约一个足球场 和这八个巨大的太阳光线 of a football field and theseeight ginormous solar rays.
他们会从蓝色到金色到铜色 They would go from blueto gold to copper color.
非常美丽 Just beautiful.
所以我出去做太空行走，其中一件你担心的事情就是 So I'm out doing a spacewalk and oneof the things you're worried about is the solar panel,
太阳能电池板，试图绕过那些太阳能电池板并向下看 trying to maneuver my way around those solar panels and looking down
在植物地球和那里的绿地，我意识到，嘿， at plant Earth and the greenerydown there and I realize, hey,
行星地球真的是一个大太阳能电池板 planet Earth is reallyone big solar panel also.
植物一直在转换太阳能并有效地储存它 Plants have been converting solar energy and storing it effectively
数十亿年 for billions of years.
这种生物魔法意味着，即使只有 This biological magic trick means that, even when there is only
最微弱的阳光，植物可以生长 the faintest trickle ofsunlight, plants can grow.
光合作用，我们都听说过，对吗？ Photosynthesis, we'veall heard about it, right?
但你有没有真正考虑过这意味着什么？ But have you ever reallyconsidered what it means?
植物所做的是吸收从9300万英里外的太阳流出的阳光 What plants do is eat sunlight, streaming from our sun 93 million miles away.
他们用它将二氧化碳变成淀粉，储存能量的颗粒 And they use it to make carbon dioxide into starch, granules of stored energy
哪些植物用于促进其生长 which plants use to power their growth.
当我看到一棵活植物时，它们的绿色让我知道生命是可能的 When I see a live plant, their green makes me know life is possible.
植物让人感觉像家一样温馨 Plants make a place feel welcoming, like home.
每株植物上的每片叶子就像一个小电池 Every leaf on every plantis like a tiny battery.
全世界植物的光合作用每年产生约100太瓦的能量 Photosynthesis from plants worldwide generate around 100 tera-watts of power each year.
从这个角度来看，它足足是现代的能源需求 To put that into perspective, it's enough to match the energy demand of the modern
的差不多六倍了 world nearly six times over.
运行一个充满生机的星球需要很多能量 Running a planet packed withlife takes a lot of energy.
感谢天空中的大火球 Kudos to the big ball of fire in the sky.
植物在食用它 Plants dine out on it.
一旦他们开始，他们就会遍布全世界 Once they started, they spread all over the world.
但那些第一批植物遗失了一些东西， But those first plants were missing something,
这意味着有一个地方他们不能去，向上 which meant there was one place they couldn't go, up.
竹子可以长得很高，因为它含有一种叫做木质素的分子 Bamboo can grow so high because it contains a molecule called lignin.
这是竹子自己的内部脚手架 It's the bamboo's own internal scaffolding.
木质素在大约4亿年前发展，它改变了世界 Lignin evolved around 400 million years ago and it changed the world.
它为植物提供结构强度，并且它们长得很高 It provides structural strength for plants and they get to grow tall.
从外面看，植物和树木都是美丽的， From the outside, plants and trees are beautiful,
但它的内部揭示了它们动态 复杂的结构 but it's the inside that reveals their dynamic, intricate structure.
这些记忆模式是其生活的故事书 These memorizing patterns are the storybook of its life.
由于木质素 植物为我们的岩石提供了太阳能皮肤 可以从中获取能量 Because of lignin plants have given our rock a solar-powered skin that harvests energy from
可以宇宙从中获取能量 that harvests energy from the cosmos
这收获几乎支持地球上的所有生命 and that harvest supports almost all life here on Earth.
事实上 金钱不会让世界运转 能源会 The truth is money doesn't make the world go around, energy does.
植物储存能量 Plants store energy.
因此 不需要很长时间便发展出来以利用它得生物 So, it didn't take long for something to evolve to take advantage.
当动物吃植物时，它会获得植物从阳光中捕获的能量 When an animal eats a plant it gains the energy that a plant captured from sunlight.
没有植物就不能存在动物 Animals could not exist without plants.
如果另一个星球进化出像山羊或像我们一样的生物， If another planet evolved creatures like goats or like us,
我几乎可以肯定它也有植物 I'm almost certain it would have plants as well.
但是这个星球上的植物可能不是绿色的 But plants on this other planet may not be green.
这里的植物只有绿色，因为我们的太阳是绿色的 Plants here are only green because our Sun is green.
太阳发出的大部分光是蓝绿色 The majority of light emitted from thesun is in the blue-green wavelength.
它对我们来说看起来不绿，因为它也有在其他区域发出的光， It doesn't look green to us because it has light emitted in other areas too,
红色和蓝色 in red and blue.
所以当你将所有这些混合在一起时，它们看起来是白色 And so when you blend all those together they look white.
地球上的大多数植物已经进化为主要使用 Most plants here on Earth have evolved to use primarily
红光和蓝光用于光合作用 red and blue light for photosynthesis.
它们反射绿光，这就是为什么它们看起来是绿色的 They reflect back the green light,which is why they look green.
在一个外星球上，如果有复杂的生命， On an alien planet,if there's complex life,
会有类似植物的东西 there'll be something like plants
和吃它们的动物一样 and something like animals that eat them.
但它可能不会止步于此，因为在地球上不是 But it probably wouldn't stop there,because here on Earth that's not the
食物链中的最后一个环节 last link in the food chain.
我们如何开始想象外星人会是什么样的？ How do we begin to imagine what aliens might be like?
好吧 如果动物在另一个星球上进化 它们可能没有胳膊 Well, if animals have evolved on another planet they might not have arms,
但他们仍然会看着他们的肩膀， but they'll still belooking over their shoulders,
因为那里会有掠食者 because chances arethere's predators out there.
有两种方法可以获得你需要的能量 There's two ways to load up on the energy you need.
你可以像鱼一样，整天啃着海洋绿色植物 You can be like a fish and spend all day nibbling and nibbling on your ocean greens.
或者你可以像一个人战争 Or you can be like a man o' war
并立刻抢夺所有的 and snatch up inan instant all the energy the
鱼从啃食的日子里收集起来得能量 all the energy the fish picked upfrom days of nibbling.
植物消耗阳光 Plants consume sunlight.
动物吃植物 Animals eat the plants.
其他动物吃那些动物 And other animalseat those animals.
这是午餐圈 It's the circle of lunch.
地球上的每一个生物都进化出了自己的体形 Every creature on Earthhas evolved its own body shape
最大限度地提获取食物的机会 而不被吃掉 to maximize its chances of getting a meal without being eaten.
比如猫 Take cats.
我爱猫，特别是家猫 I love cats,particularly house cats.
猫对自己有很好的认识，他们非常自信 Cats have a very good sense of themselves, they're very confident.
猫对自己很满意 Cats are fairly pleased with themselves.
猫有充分的理由对自己感到高兴 And cats have good reasonto be pleased with themselves.
猫科动物遍布世界各地，从沙漠 Cats are all around the world, from the desert
到北极到温带气候 to the Arcticto temperate climates.
对我来说，猫科动物代表了进化的顶峰之一 For me, cats represent one of the pinnacles of evolution.
例如，猎豹已经发展成为完美的狩猎机器 Cheetahs, for instance, have evolved into perfect hunting machines.
但即使他们可能发现很难抓住他们的猎物 But even they may find it hard to catch their prey.
希洛是一个自大的猎豹，她非常独立 Shiloh is the cocky one, that she'svery independent and on her own
作为一只幼崽，她是最强壮的一只 and as a cub she was the one that was the strongest.
奥德赛，雄性，他只是对这个世界不太关心 Odyssey, the male, he's just a, yeah,he doesn't have a care in the world.
作为一个幼崽，我几乎失去了他 As a baby, I lost him almost.
我不得不把他放在我的床上两个星期 I had to keep him in my bed for two weeks.
因为他脱水地厉害，他只是三个中最弱的一个 He was on a drip, 'cause he was so dehydrated,and he was just the weakest of the three.
我养了他们，我给了他们名字，所以他们就像我的孩子 I raised them and I gave them theirname, so they're like my kids.
他们打电话给猎豹语者Marlice Van Vuuran They call Marlice Van Vuuran,the Cheetah Whisperer.
她在纳米比亚平原上营救了被遗弃的幼崽 She rescues abandoned cubson the plains of Namibia.
并帮助他们学习如何进食 And helps them learn how to eat.
当他们是婴儿时，他们大约六岁左右， When they're babies andthey're around about six,
七个月大了，他们需要咀嚼， seven months oldthey need to chew then,
他们需要了解他们喜欢什么味道的肉 they need to learn what taste of meat they like.
谁是个好女孩？ Who's a good girl?
如果有一种多汁的能量，一些生物就会发挥作用 Where there is a juicy hunk of energy some creature is going to work out
尝试获得美味的方法 a way to try and get a taste.
跳羚是最终的快餐 The springbok isthe ultimate fast food.
如果你看一下跳羚，他们发展成为一种较小的物种; If you look at a Springbok, they've kind of developed into a smaller specie;
光秃秃的，没什么特别的 light-boned, nothing extra.
他们有这么长的腿，让他们加速和跳跃 They've got these long legs that gives them that acceleration and jump.
要赶上跳羚，猎豹需要更快 To catch a Springbok, the cheetah needs to be even faster.
来 来吧 巴巴斯 来 Come. Come babbas. Come.
所以Marlice帮助小熊保持体形 So Marlice helpsthe cubs keep in shape.
来来 Come. Come.
诱饵是一个滑轮系统，你只需将它连接到电池， The lure is a pulley system, youjust connect it to the battery,
汽车电池 a car battery.
我们只是将一根绳子绑在上面，然后让它们追逐它 We just tie a piece of string toit and we let them just chase it.
它就像一个孩子，你必须让它们健康 It's like a kid,you have to make 'em fit.
当他们必须真正跑100米并赶上跳羚的时候 By the time they have to really run a 100 meters and catch a springbok they're
如果他们第一次这样做会死的 gonna be dead if they do it for the first time.
所以它们在准备狩猎 So it's getting them ready for a proper hunt.
它们可以在眨眼间从零加速到到100公里的时速 They can get from zero to 100 kilometers an hour in a blink of an eye.
一切的改变都只是为了速度 Everything is just modified and made for speed.
它们具有轻骨结构 They have alight bone structure.
他们的指甲很长;它就像一个使用尖刺的运动员 They've got long nails; it'slike a athlete using spikes.
与其他食肉动物相比，它有一个很长的尾巴， It's got a very long tail in comparison to the other carnivores,
因此它可以非常快速地转弯而不会翻转或滑倒 so it can cut a corner very quicklywithout flipping or falling.
他们通常会在我之前发现跳羚的踪迹 They normally spot the springbok way before me.
他们需要距离跳羚至少100米，120米 They need to be at least 100,120 meters from a springbok
以至于跳羚而言不会逃脱 for the springbok not to outrun them.
突袭对他们至关重要 The surprise elementis crucial to them.
几乎90％的猎物都逃之夭夭 Almost 90% of the times they get away.
成为掠食者很艰难 It's rough being a predator.
猎豹生活在刀刃上 Cheetahs are living on a knife edge.
他们消耗的卡路里几乎和他们吃的食物一样多 They use almost as many calories catchingtheir food as they get from eating it.
但除了捕捉它之外还有其他方法来获取食物 But there's other ways to get food besides catching it.
如果你不能跑过它们，那么就要聪明过他们 If you can't out run'em, out think 'em.
这些聪明的家伙已经找到了一个方式，交换太阳镜作为食物 These wise guys have worked out an angle, trading sunglasses for food.
它以最小的努力量带来最大量的卡路里 It brings in the maximum amount of calories for the minimum amount of effort.
猴子很聪明，但我们有更厉害的 Monkeys are smart, but we've got a bigger racket.
我们已经劫持了整个星球 为我们的70多亿人提供食物 We've hacked the entire planet to feed over seven billion of us.
你好的 Hello.
我是Mae Jemison I'm Mae Jemison.
现在，我乘坐奋进号航天飞机， Right now, I'm aboard the space shuttle Endeavour,
距地球300多公里 over 300 kilometers above the Earth
并以每秒7000米的速度行驶 and travelling at over 7,000 meters per second.
我对太空的第一个看法是芝加哥市 My first view from space was the city of Chicago.
不开玩笑 我的家乡 No kidding. My hometown.
它看起来就像我小时候学到的地图一样 And it looked just like the map I learned when I was a child,
因为城市的混凝土似乎被 because the concrete of the city seemed to be separated from the
绿色的芝加哥周围的农场切开了 green of the farms that surrounded Chicago.
芝加哥因其转化食物的能力而繁荣昌盛 Chicago prospered because of its ability to transfer food
从它生长的地方到远离该地区的人类 from the place that it was grown to humans that were far removed from that locale.
芝加哥股市，芝加哥周边的农业，玉米田， The Chicago stock markets, the agriculture around Chicago, the corn fields,
所有这些都是关于对食物网的操纵 all of that is about a manipulation of the food web.
这是我们人类做得非常好的事情 It's something we humans do really well.
我们的饮食技巧是史诗般的 Our eating skills are epic.
我们的大脑是如此庞大和复杂，我们已经设法找出各种各样的 Our brains are so big and complex that we have managed to figure out all sorts of
聪明的方式来获取我们的食物 clever ways to get our food.
用于施肥的化学品 Chemicals to fertilize crops.
遗传操作来修改它们 Genetic manipulation to modify them.
营养使动物长大而快速 Nourishment to make animals grow up big and fast.
甚至还有机器人来处理它们 And even robotics to process them.
地球上有超过八百万种不同 Here on Earth there are over eight million different
复杂生物的类型， types of complex life,
所有人每天24小时，每年每天都在吃， all feeding 24 hours a day, every day of every year,
包括超过70亿人 including over seven billion human beings.
如果它可食用它会被吃掉 If it's edible it's going to get eaten.
植物吃阳光 Plants eat sunlight.
动物吃植物 Animals eat plants.
和其他动物一样吃动物 And other animals eat animals.
但是没有比吃微生物更大的东西了 But there wouldn't be anything larger than a microbe to eat.
没有黄瓜，没有鱼，没有牛排和薯条 No cucumbers, no fish, no steak and fries.
如果没有我们认为的怪异事件，这个食物链都不会存在 None of this food chain would exist without a freak event we think
在整个地球的历史中只发生过一次 only happened once in the whole of Earth's history.
我们的星球就像一个巨大的餐厅 Our planet is like a huge restaurant where everything
正在吃其他一切 is eating everything else.
人类是最好的餐桌，只是吃，吃和吃 Humans are at the best table, just eating, eating and eating.
但这个联合会是一个特许经营吗？ But is this joint a franchise?
宇宙中还有其他分支吗？ Are there other branches out there in the universe?
对此的答案围绕着有史以来最奇怪的一餐 The answer to that revolves around the strangest meal that ever happened.
这个星球上每一个复杂的生命形式，包括你和我， Every complex life form on this planet, including you and me,
对于看似无法克服的障碍，依赖于同样的解决方案， has relied on the same solution for what seemed like an insurmountable hurdle,
获得足够的能量 getting enough energy.
大约20亿年前，当除了微生物之外没有任何东西存在于地球上 Around two billion years ago, when nothing lived on Earth except microbes,
我们认为一种微生物会摄入另一种微生物 we think one microbe ingested another.
没有什么特别值得注意的，一直都在发生 Nothing particularly remarkable, happened all the time.
但这次微生物被吞噬但没有被消化 But this time the microbe was engulfed but not digested.
它实际上在主机中幸存下来并成为它的一部分 It actually survived in the host and became a part of it.
这种非凡的微生物具有超级大国 This remarkable microbe had a superpower.
它使用氧气产生能量， It generated energy using oxygen,
允许它从食物中提取15倍的能量 allowing it to extract 15 times more energy from its food.
这就是我们所知道的生活真正开始的那一刻 This is the moment when life as we know it really began.
幸存下来的微生物导致了我们现在称之为线粒体的微生物; The microbe that survived led to what we now call mitochondria;
一个巨大的复杂细胞，可以与其他细胞连接，制造大型生物， a big complex cell that could connect with other cells to make big creatures,
所有都用氧气来分解食物 all of them using oxygen to break down their food.
线粒体栖息在这个星球上每个复杂生命形态的每一个细胞中 Mitochondria inhabit every single cell of every complex life form on this planet.
这意味着它们可以为苍蝇提供动力 That means they power everything from flies
到树上去猎豹和我们 to trees to cheetahs and us.
想想看，我们都携带相同的机器 Think about it, we all carry the same machinery in us.
我们不会变得现在这么复杂 And we wouldn't be the complex,
如果没有线粒体 complicated organisms that we are today without mitochondria.
如果我们没有这一刻，地球就没有植物，也没有植物， If we didn't have that one moment, Earth would have no plants, no plant eaters,
没有肉食者，没有我们 no meat eaters, no us.
地球上的生命只会是咀嚼岩石和彼此的细菌 Life on Earth would be just bacteria chewing on rock and each other.
数万亿的细菌吞噬了数万亿的细菌 It took trillions of bacteria swallowing trillions of bacteria for more than
在那顿饭失败前20亿年 它有点罕见 two billion years before that one failed meal, which suggests it kind a rare.
多么罕见？ How rare?
也许只有地球 Maybe Earth only rare.
对于一个外星球来说 在那里进化了数十亿年并成为 For an alien planet out there to evolve over those billions of years and to be
就像地球上进化一样 exactly like it evolved here on Earth
这就好比扔骰子扔中一个数字 that's like rolling those dice and hitting
一个数字，连中十亿次 a one, you know, a billion times in a row.
如果你发现一个有生命的星球，那么压倒性的概率， The overwhelming probability, if you find a planet with life on it,
可能是非常简单的生命 it's probably gonna be very simple life.
你知道，我们不会总是说看到Spock先生 You know, we're not gonna I always say see Mr. Spock.
Mr. Spock：电影《星际迷航》角色
你知道，我们不一定会找到看起来很漂亮的双足角色 You know, we're not gonna necessarily find the bipedal character that looks very
人形生物只是走进门口说：“嘿，我是在一个不同的星球上进化而来的 humanoid just walk in through the door and say, "Hey, I evolved on a different planet
我们周围有很多人“ and there are a whole bunch of us around."
但我认为其他地方存在简单的生命吗？ But do I think simple life exists in other places?
绝对 Absolutely.
仰望所有这些光点， Looking up at all those points of light,
我们总是想知道那里有生命吗？ we'll always wonder is there life out there somewhere?
也许有，甚至可能有很多 Maybe there is, maybe even a lot of it.
但是，当我们凝视那些星星时，很有可能 But there's a good chance that, as we gaze up at those stars,
什么也没有 就像我们回头看一样 there'll be nothing remotely like us looking back.
下一次，宇宙中最大的神秘可能恰恰在我们的耳朵之间 Next time, the greatest mystery in the universe could be right between our ears.