这是最后一个隐秘的世界 The last hidden world
中国 China
几世纪以来，到过中国的游客一直描述着她迷人的风光 For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapes
以及令人惊叹的珍禽异兽 and surprising creatures
中华文明是世界上最古老的 Chinese civilization is the world's oldest
其人口是现代最庞大的 and today it's largest
总数超过十亿 with well over a billion people
她是50多个特殊民族赖以为生的家 It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups
各形各色的传统生活方式 and a wide range of traditional life styles
通常与周遭的自然生态息息相关 often in close partnership with nature
虽然中国面临着巨大的社会及环境保护问题 We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems
但还是有她最美的一面 but there is great beauty here too
中国有世界上最高的山脉 China is home to the world's highest mountains
有最宽广的沙漠，其温差可从灼热高温 vast deserts ranging from from searing hot
降到令人麻痹的寒冷 to mind numbing cold
有云雾弥漫的森林，它庇护着稀有动物 steaming forests harboring rare creatures
还有一望无际的旷野草原 grassy plains beneath vast horizons
和丰饶的热带海洋 and rich tropical seas
现在，我们有史以来第一次 Now, for the first time ever
能够完整地探索这个美好国度 we can explore the whole of this great country
接触当地一些令人惊奇的稀有生物 meet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live here
进而探讨中国人民及野生动植物 and consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of China
与所住的非凡山水之间的关系 to the remarkable landscaping which they live
这是《美丽中国》 This is wild China
美丽中国
龙之心
我们探索中国之旅始于温暖的热带南方 Our exploration of China begins in the warm subtropical south
在漓江上，栖息于竹筏之上的渔民及鸬鹚 On the Li River, fishermen and birds perch on bamboo rafts
已经延续了千年以上的共存关系 a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years
这世界著名的景色 This scenery is known throughout the world
不断地出现在中国山水画的主题中 a recurring motif in Chinese paintings
也是主要的观光胜地 and a major tourist attraction
中国南方面积很广 The south of China is a vast area
几乎是英国的8倍大 eight times larger than the UK
到处都是山丘、水域的胜景 It's a landscape of hills, but also of water
一年大约250天都在下雨 It rains here for up to 250 days a year
到处是积水 and standing water is everywhere
长江流域一带 In a floodplain of the Yangtse River
黑尾鸥在泥浆里寻觅着虫子 black-tailed godwits probe the mud in search of worms
但不止是野生动物在这种环境下茁壮成长 But it isn't just wildlife that thrive in this environment
这沼泽地更为一种重要的禾本科植物 the swampy ground provides ideal conditions
提供了最佳生长的环境 for the remarkable member of the grass family
那就是稻谷 rice
中国人八千年栽种稻谷的历史 The Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least 8 thousand years
促使景观全然转变 It has transformed a landscape
在南方的云南晚冬是当地农夫最忙的季节 Late winter in southern Yunnan, it's a busy time for local farmers
他们忙着在春天来临前为古老的稻田整地 as they prepare the age-old paddy field ready for the coming spring
元阳县的丘陵坡度骤降2000米 These hill slopes of Yuanyang county plunge nearly two thousand meters
至下面的红河谷底 to the floor of the Red River Valley
每一个山坡都布满的上千个梯田 each contains literally thousands of stack terraces
是人们以简陋的工具用手开拓出来的 carved out by hand using basic digging tools
云南的稻谷梯田是中国最古老的人类遗迹之一 Yunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China
至今仍然沿用 still ploughed as they always have been
家畜水牛来耕犁稻田 by domesticated water buffaloes
就像原先在这些山谷内居住的祖先一样 whose ancestors originated in these very valleys
这人造景色 This man-made landscape
是中国在工业化前一项最令人惊讶的工程 is one of the most amazing engineering feats of preindustrial China
似乎每一寸的土地 It seems as if every square inch of land
都被利用来耕种 has been pressed into cultivation
傍晚时分，古老的仪式开始了 As evening approaches, an age-old ritual unfolds
现在是交配季节 It's the mating season
公的尖舌浮蛙互相争着母蛙的爱慕 and male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of females
但是引来太多的注意力并不是一件好事 But it dosen't always pay to draw too much attention to youself
中国池鹭是冷酷的掠夺者 The Chinese Pond Heron is a crapulous predator
即使是在农耕过的稻田里 Even in the middle of a ploughed paddy field
在鸟的嘴爪下，自然就是暴力血腥 nature is red in beacon claw
这看来也许像是杀戮屠杀 This may look like a slaughter
但每只池鹭一次只能吞一只浮蛙 but as each heron can swallow only one frog at a time
大部分的浮蛙会逃脱隔天又生龙活虎地呱呱叫 the vast majority will escape to croak another day
像云南省境内的那些稻谷梯田 Terrace paddies like those of Yunyang county
在中国南方比比皆是 are found across much of southern China
稻谷耕作占满着整个广阔的景观 This whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation
在崎岖不平的贵州省 In here in Guizhou province
少数民族苗族发展了卓越的稻谷栽种 the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture
把每一寸肥沃的土地拿来耕作稻谷 With every inch of fertile land given over to rice cultivation
苗族将他们的木屋 the Miao build their wooden houses
盖在最陡的山坡瘠土上 on the steepest and least productive hillsides
在中国的农村生活中，凡事物尽其用 In Chinese rural life, everything has a use
牛的粪便在太阳底下晒干后 dried in the sun, manure from the cowsheds
是烧饭的好燃料 would be used as cooking fuel
中午时间，宋家一家人 It's midday and the Song family
正在狼吞虎咽地吃着饭菜 are tucking into a lunch of rice and vegetables
宋谷勇老爷爷完全没注意到餐桌上的闲话家常 Oblivious to the domestic chitchat
而在思考着令人担心的问题 granddad Guyong Song has serious maters on his mind
春天是开始种稻的季节 Spring is a start of the rice growing season
成功与否会影响到一家子明年的生计 the success of the crop will determin how well the family will eat next year
所以种稻对时是个关键 so planting at the right time is critical
理想的日子取决于今年的天气 The ideal date depends on what the weather will do this year
那是件非常不易预测之事 never easy to predict
但他们有个出人意外的帮手 But there is some surprising help at hand
在宋家客厅的天花板上 On the ceiling of the Song's living room a pair of red-rumped swallows
来了一对刚刚冬迁的金腰燕 newly arrive from their winter migration
正忙着修补去年的巢 is busy fixing up last year's nest
在中国，动物的象征意义 In China, animals have value does much for their symbolic meaning
及用处是极度被重视的 as for many good they may do
苗族人相信金腰燕是终身配对 Miao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithful for life
所以它们的出现是种赠予及祝福 so their presence is a favor and a blessing
会为婚姻带来幸福，为家庭带来好运 bringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a home
像大部分苗人的家，宋家客厅的窗户 Like most Miao dwellings, the Song's living room windows
是面向着稻田 look out over the paddy fields
从早春起，其中一扇窗是一直开着的 From early spring, one of these windows is always left open
好让金腰燕自由进出 to let the swallows come and go freely
每年老爷爷都会记着燕子归巢的正确日期 Each year, granddad Gu knows the exat day the swallows return
苗人相信鸟儿的到来预测了季节的开始 Miao people believe the birds arrival predicts the timing of a season ahead
今年，它们来晚了 This year, they were late
所以老爷爷和其他村里的长老决定 so Gu and the other community elders have agreed
延后种稻的时间 that rice planting should be delayed accordingly
当苗人在整地时 As the Miao prepare their fields for planting
燕子会收集泥巴修巢 the swallows collect mud to repair their nests
在刚犁过的田里尾追昆虫 and chase after insects across the newly ploughed paddies
终于在几个星期的准备后 Finally, after weeks of preparation
制定的插秧时间到了 the ordained time for planting has arrived
但是育苗必须先从苗圃连根拔起，捆扎好后 but first the seedlings must be uproot from the nursery beds
再移植到高坡上 and bundled up ready to be transported to their new paddy
新的稻田里 higher up the hillside
所有宋家的邻居通通跑来帮忙插秧 All the Song's neighbors have turned to help with the transplanting
村落里一直是这样运作的 It's how the community has always worked
时机一到，宋家会回报恩惠 when the time comes, the Songs will return the favor
当农民忙着耕作时 While the farmers are busy in the fields
金腰燕会来回飞翔，收集筑巢的材料 the swallows fly back and forth with material for their nest
众擎易举 Many hands make light work
插秧只花了1个多小时 planting the new paddy takes a little more than an hour
收工后，村民就可以休息 Job done, the villagers can relax
直到明天 at least until tomorrow
但对筑巢的燕子来说养育家庭的工作 But for the nesting swallows, the work of raising a family
才正要开始 has only just begun
在刚插秧完后的田里小白鹭正在觅食 In the newly planted fields, little egrets hunt for foods
稻田庇护了蝌蚪、鱼跟昆虫 The rice paddy harbor tadpoles, fish and insects
而小白鹭有稚鸟要哺育 and egrets have chicks to feed
这个在重庆省的聚居地始于1996年 This colony in Chongqing province is established in 1996
几十只鸟筑巢栖息于 when a few dozen birds build nests
深信小白鹭是好运的徵兆 Believing they were assigned of luck
当地居民最初保护它们，进而慢慢繁衍成群 local people initially protected the egrets and the colony grove
但村长生病后，他们的态度变了 But their attitude change when the head of the village fell ill
当地方政府介入保护时 when the local government stepped in to protect them
他们归昝于这些鸟并开始认真要消灭鸟巢 They blame the birds and were all set to destroy their nests
易弯的竹林也许不是最安全的筑巢之地 Bedny bamboo may not be the safest nesting place
但至少稚鸟不会变成某人的晚餐 but at least these youngsters won't end up at someone's dinner
这些稚鸟刚刚吃了妈妈来的鳗鱼 These chicks have just had a meal delivered by their mom
对小小的鸟嘴，是个蛮大的挑战 quite a chance for litter beaks
假使它们的聚居地受到保护 Providing their colonies are protected
小白鹭这种涉禽是极少数 wading birds like egrets are among the few wild creatures
能直接受惠于密集的稻谷耕作的野生动物 which benefit directly from intensive rice cultivation
种稻需要大量的水 Growing rice needs lots of water
即使是多雨的南部 but even in the rainy south
也有些区域缺水严重 there are landscapes where water is surprisingly scarce
中国广大的西南边 This vast area of southwest China
有法国与西班牙加起来那么大 the size of France and Spain combined
以峰林环布出名 is famous for its clusters of conical hills
就像倒放的巨大蛋盒被干枯的溪谷风分开 like giant upturned egg carton seperated by dry empty valleys
这就是喀斯特地形 This is the karst，a limestone terrain
中国南方的特色景观 which has become the defining image of southern China
水蚀石灰岩地形通常点缀着露出的岩石 Karst landscapes are often studed with rocky outcrops
迫使当地农民在狭小的土地上耕种 forcing local farmers to cultivate tiny fields
住在这里的是中国最穷的人民 The people who live here are among the poorest in China
在隔壁的云南省 In neighboring Yunnan province
到处都是石灰岩 limestone rocks have taken over entirely
这是有名的石林 This is the famous Stone Forest
多少年雨水侵蚀后的结果 the product of countless years of erosion
形成迷宫般的深谷冲沟及尖顶山峰 producing a maze of deep gullets and sharp-edged pinnacles
石灰岩有个奇怪特性就是容易被雨水溶解 Limestone has a strange property that is dissolves in rain water
几千年来，水已经侵蚀到 Over many thousands of years, water has corrode its way
床岩的核心 deep into the heart of the bedrock itself
这自然景观是有名的观光景点 This natural wonder has a famous tourist spot
每年有将近两百万的游客来访 receiving close to two million visitors each year
中国人喜欢奇峰怪石 The Chinese are fond of curiously shaped rocks
很多被赋予富于幻想的名称 and many have been given fanciful names
不难猜出这个叫什么吧 No prices for guessing what this one is called
但这景色比眼前看到的还要有趣 But there is more to this landscape than meets the eye
中国实际上有上千个神秘洞穴 China has literally thousands of mysterious caverns
隐藏在现有的水蚀石灰岩景观之下 concealed beneath the visible landscape of the karst
这大片被隐藏的世界从未展现在世人眼前 Much of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyes
现在才刚刚被探勘 And it's only just now being explored
对愈来愈多的一群年轻大胆的中国探险家而言 For a growing band of intrepid young Chinese explorers
洞穴象征终极冒险 caves represent the ultimate adventure
探勘洞穴就像时光之旅 Exploring a cave is like taking the journey through time
旅途中无尽的雨滴 a journey which endless raindrops
穿越了数不清的世纪 would have followed over countless centuries
无数水滴及细流 Fed by countless drips and trickles
让地下河流侵蚀石床更深 the subterranean river carves ever deeper into the rock
洞穴地下河川的流向是以石灰岩为导向 The cave river's course is channeled by the beds of limestone
岩石的薄弱可让河水 the weakness in the rock can not allow the river
增加倾斜度及流速 to increase its gradient to flow in
提供洞穴探险家真正的挑战 providing a real challenge for the cave explorers
当到达地下水位时水会暂时停止向下奔泻 The downward rushes halted when the water table is reached
在这里流速减缓的河水将洞穴磨得更为圆滑 Here the slow flowing river carves tunnels with a more rounded profile
这宁静的世界是特有的洞穴鱼之家 This tranquil world is home to specialized cave fishes
像无眼金线鲅 like the eye-less Golden Barb
中国境内特殊进化的洞穴鱼 China may have unique kinds of cave evolved fishes
比世界上其他地区都多 than anywhere else on earth
在地下水位之上 Above the water table
被河川遗弃的古老洞穴 ancient caverns abandoned by the river
慢慢地被钟乳石及石笋填满 slowly fill up with stalactites and stalagmites
钟乳石是由上方不断滴落的水经过几百、几千年 Stalactites form as trickling water deposites tiny quantities of rock
沉淀累积微量的方解石而形成的 over hundreds or thousands of years
石笋则是石灰水滴不断滴落在地上沉积于洞底向上生长而形成 Stalagmites grow up where lime laid and drips hit the cave floor
到目前为止，在中国只有一小部分的洞穴被彻底勘察过 So far, only a fraction of China's caves have been thoroughly prospected
穴窟探险家不断地发现新的令人惊奇的地下事物 and caves are constantly discovering new subterranean marvel
很多后来被开发成商业观光洞穴 many of which are subsequently developed into commercial show caves
地下河川和穴窟探险家最后终于逃离黑暗 Finally escaping the darkness, the cave river and its human explorers
出现在离旅程起点很远的 emerge in a valley far from where their journey began
冒险现在暂时结束 For now the adventure is over
从洞穴出来的河川 Rivers which issue from caves
是水蚀石灰岩地区生存的重要因素 are the key to survival in the karst country
贵州省内垂直的峡谷 This vertical gorge in Guizhou province
是这地区野生动物的栖息地 is a focal point for the region's wildlife
这是世界上最稀有的灵长类 This is one of the world's rarest primates
黑叶猴 Fran'c'ois' langur
在中国只有两个南方省区有它们的足迹 In China, they survive in just two southern provinces
贵州省与广西省一直有崎岖不平的石灰岩层 Guizhou and Guangxi always in ragged limestone terrains
它们像一般猴子，也是群居动物 Like most monkeys, they're social creatures
花很多时间互相打理 and spend a great deal of time grooming each other
黑叶猴实质上是素食者 Langurs are essentially vegetarian
只吃花蕾、果子及嫩叶 with a diet of buds, fruits, and tender young leaves
小猴子出生时褐红色的毛 Babies are born with jinger fur
随着身体长大会慢慢地从尾端开始变黑 which gradually turns black from the tail end
婴幼猴会像虎钳似的紧紧地抓住妈妈 Young infants have a vise-like grip used for cling on to mom for deer life
等它们长大一点会比较大胆些、敢冒险些 As they get older, they get bolder and take more risks
那些存活下来的，会很常迁移 Those are the survive spend a lot of time travelling
有经验的成年猴懂得 Yet experienced adults know exactly
在它们势力范围内不同的区域去找季节性的食物 where to find seasonal food in different parts of their range
在这么陡峭的地域 In such steep terrain
迁移需要很高的攀登技术 travel involves a high level of climbing skill
这些猴子从它们会走的那刻起 These monkeys are spectacularly good rock climbers
就是很优秀的攀岩者 from the time they learnt to walk
在黑叶猴的社会里，母猴当家 In langur society, females rule the roost
当家族迁移时负责带头 and take the lead when the family is on the move
峭壁的一部分滴流出充满矿物质的水 One section of cliff woops is a trickle of mineral-rich water
让猴子们难以抗拒 which the monkeys seem to find irresistible
现在在麻阳河自然保护区内很少会有食肉动物 These days there are few predators in the Mayanghe Reserve
构成小猴的危险 which might pose a risk to baby monkey
但在过去几世纪里，中国南方这区域 but in past centuries, this area of south China
居住着花豹、黄金蟒甚至是老虎 was home to leopards, pythons, and even tigers
为了从夜间动物的爪下逃生 To survive dangerous night prowlers
黑叶猴躲入地下 the langurs went underground
用它们攀岩的技术在难以进入的洞穴寻求庇护 using their rock climbing skills to seek shelter in inaccessible caverns
用夜视摄影机在几乎黑暗中拍摄 Filmed in near darkness using a night vision camera
成群结队的攀岩者爬在熟悉的 the troop clmbers along familiar ledges
被前几代的猴子磨平的岩架上 worn smooth by generations before them
在寒冬季节，猴子会冒险深入地底 During cold winter weather, the monkeys venture deeper underground
那里的空气比较暖和 where the air stays comparatively warm
终于，旅途结束 At last, journeys end
来到一个让最强势的掠夺者也遥不可及的舒适壁翕 a coated niche beyond the reach of even the most enterprising predator
但不只是猴子用洞穴作庇护 But it's not just monkeys that find shelter in caves
这些孩子们正要去上课 These children are off to school
在中国乡下意味着一早就开始的长远路途 In rural China, that may mean a long trek each morning
途中路过一两个洞 passing through a cave or two on the way
但不是所有的学生都得走路到校 But not all pupils have to walk to school
这些孩子是寄宿生 These children are boarders
当走读生快走到时 As the day pupils near journey's end
寄宿生还在做早餐 the boarders are still making breakfast
学校操场的灯关了 In the school yard, someone seems to have switched the lights off
但这不是一般的操场和一般的学校 But this is no ordinary play ground and no ordinary school
这是在洞穴里的房子 It's house inside a cave
一个天然形成的石窟窿将雨隔离 A natural vault of rock keeps out the rain
所以教室不需要有屋顶 so there is no need for a roof on the classroom
中东洞穴学校有6个班级 Zhongdong cave school is made up of 6 classes
一共有200个孩子 with a total of 200 children
除了学校之外，洞穴里还有18户人家 As well as a school, the cave houses 18 families
以及他们的家畜 together with their livestock
这可能是世上唯一住在洞穴里的牛 This could be the only cave dwelling cows on Earth
课上完后，总算到了课后娱乐时间 With school work over, it's play time at last
在中国南方，洞穴不只用来做避难所 In southern China, caves aren't just used for shelter
它们也可以是经济的来源 they can be a source of revenue for the community
这洞穴已经有好几代人的足迹踏过 People have been visiting this cave for generations
穴底布满了鸟大便 The cave floor is covered in guano
多到农民只要捡10分钟就有满满一篮 so plentiful that 10 minutes' work can fill these farmer's baskets
是用来做很值钱的肥料来源 This used as a valuable source of fertilizer
鸟大便来源的线索能从河流上方的噪音听出 A clue to the source of the guano can be heard above the noise of the river
声音来自洞穴的上方 The sound originates high up in the roof of the cave
入口处小雨燕满天飞！ The entrance is full of swifts
它们非常友善 They are very sociable birds
有20万只共用这个在贵州南方的洞穴 more than 200,000 of them share this cave in southern Guizhou province
是中国最大的小雨燕聚居地 the biggest swift colony in China
现在，中国小雨燕 These days, Chinese house swifts
大部分在建筑物的屋顶筑巢 mostly nest in the roofs of buildings
但是早在房屋发明前，像这种岩石裂缝 but rock crevasses like these were their original home
才是它们原本的家 long before houses were invented
虽然小雨燕依赖洞穴为家 Though the swifts depend on the cave for shelter
但因为它们在黑暗中眼睛看不见 they never stray further than the limits of daylight
所以从不会飞离日光照射到的范围 as their eyes can't see in dark
可是在洞穴深处 However, deep inside the cavern
其他生物有比较好的生理条件适应地下生活 are the creatures are better equipped for subterranean life
一群蝙蝠刚睡醒 A colony of bats is just waking up
利用超音波在黑暗中导航 using ultrasonic squeaks to orientate themselves in the darkness
夜晚是狩猎的好时机 Night is the time to go hunting
大足鼠耳蝠是亚洲唯一 Rickett's mouse-eared bat is the only bat in Asia
专门捕捉鱼类的蝙蝠 which specializes in catching fishes
利用水面上波纹声的反射来追踪 tracking them down from the sound reflection of ripples on the water surface
这种异常的行为是最近几年才发现的 This extraordinary behavior was only discovered in the last couple of years
以前从未有过录像记录 and has never been filmed before
如果在黑暗中捕鱼不可思议 If catching fish in the dark is impressive
想像一下没有手又要倒吊着吃滑溜溜大肚鱼的样子 imagine eating a slippery minnow with no hands while hanging upside down
桂林石灰岩丘陵的拂晓 Dawn, over the karst hills of Guilin
这些矗立山丘独特的形状 These remarkable hills owe their peculiar shapes
归功于漓江的微酸水流 to the mildly acid waters of the Li River
经过千古万世曲折的流动 whose meandering course over eons of time has corrode away their basis
侵蚀掉岩基，直到只剩下岩芯 until only the rocky course remained
漓江是中国最干净的河川之一 Li is one of the cleanest rivers in China
是渔夫们跟他们所训练的鸬鹚最喜欢的地点 a favorite spot for fishermen with their trained cormorants
这些人都姓黄，来自同一个村里 The men, all called Huang, come from the same village
现年七八十岁他们 now in their seventies and eighties
已经做一辈子渔夫了 they've been fishermen all their lives
他们在放鸟之前会在鸟脖子上打个活套 Before they release the birds, they tie a noose, loosely around the neck
防止捕到的鱼被吞下去 to stop them swallowing any fish they may catch
边哼唱边跳舞 Chancing and dancing
黄姓渔夫鼓励他们的鸟冲下水去 the Huangs encourage their birds to take the plunge
鸬鹚在水里的狩猎天性启动 Underwater, the cormorant's hunting instinct kicks in
它们成了寻找鱼的导弹 turning them into fish seeking missiles
一个好的鸬鹚团队会一起合作 Working together, a good cormorant team
一个早上就能捕捉十几条像样的鱼 can catch a couple of dozen decent-sized fish in a morning
鸟儿带着鱼儿回到竹筏上 The birds return to the raft with their fish
因为它们被训练这样做 because they've been trained to do so
从出生的那刻起每一只鸬鹚都被养育成 From the time it first hatched each of these cormorants has been reared
听从主人的指示 to a life of obedience to its master
这些鸟事实上是奴隶 The birds are, in effect, slaves
但它们并不笨 But they are not stupid
据说鸬鹚对捕捉到的鱼 It's said the cormorants can keep the tally of the fish they catch
能记住到7条 at least up to seven
所以除非它们时不时的获得奖赏，不然就会罢工 So unless they get a reward now and then, they simply withdraw their labor
渔夫们当然会保留最好的鱼给自己 The fishermen of course keep the best fish for themselves
鸬鹚会得到剩下的小鱼 The cormorants get the leftover tiddlies
项圈解开后，鸟儿总算能吃它的奖赏 With its collar removed, the bird can at last swallow its prize
最棒的是吃它不该吃的！ Best of all, when it isn't meant to have
现在在先进的捕鱼技术竞争下 These days, competition for modern fishing techniques
意味着黄姓渔民不能 means the Huangs can't make a living
只靠传统鸬鹚捕鱼法维生 from traditional cormorant fishing alone
这1300年的传统 And this 1300-year old tradition
现在只用来娱乐游客 is now practiced mostly to entertain tourists
但在贵州附近的草海湖 But on Caohai lake in nearby Guizhou Province
有个更加奇特的渔业正在蓬勃发展 an even more unusual fishing industry is alive and well
耿中胜正要去把晚上的网铺设好 Geng Zhongsheng is on his way to set out his net for the night
耿的渔网是个奇怪管状的玩意儿，一边是密闭的 Geng's net is a strange tubular contraption with a closed off end
有一百多个渔夫在湖上维生 More than a hundred fishermen make their living from the lake
矿物质丰富的湖水非常地丰饶 Its mineral-rich waters are highly productive
渔网处处可见 and there are nets everywhere
第二天一早，耿跟他的儿子回来收集他的鱼 The next morning, Geng returns with his son to collect his catch
开头一看并不乐观 At first sight, it looks disappointing
小鱼、一堆虾子及一些挣扎的虫子 Tiny fishes, lots of shrimps, and some wriggling bugs
耿一点也不沮丧 Geng doesn't seem too downhearted
大条一点的鱼还活着 The larger fish are kept alive
那是唯一让它们在高温下保持新鲜的方法 the only way they'll stay fresh in the heat
出人意外地，一些虫子也被挑出来做特别处理 Surprisingly, some of the bugs are also singled out for special treatment
它们是蜻蜓若虫的幼虫 They are the young stage of dragonflies
靠吃小虫跟蝌蚪的食肉动物 predators that feed on worms and tadpoles
世上没有一个地方是像这样捕获蜻蜓若虫的 Nowhere else in the world are dragonfly nymphs harvested like this
回到家里，耿把鱼铺晒在屋顶 Back home, Geng spreads his catch on the roof to dry
在中国没有一样吃的会被浪费 It's being China, nothing edible would be wasted
遥远的南方有个说法 There is a saying in the far south
“我们吃除了桌子以外任何有脚的东西” "We will eat anything with legs, except a table;
“吃除了飞机以外任何有翅膀的东西” and anything with wings, except a plane."
不到几小时，晒干的虫子准备好要被包起来 Within a few hours, the dried insects are ready to be backed up
拿到市场去 and taken to market
蜻蜓若虫的价钱最好 Its the dragonfly nymphs that fetch the best price
很幸运的是，蜻蜓若虫在草海很充裕，繁殖也很快 Fortunately, Caohai's dragonflies are abundant and fast breeding
所以耿跟他的渔夫同伴 so Geng and his fellow fishermen
到目前为止还没影响到它们的数量 have so far had little impact on their numbers
但不是所有的野生动物都能这么迅速恢复 But not all wildlife is so resilient
上海附近的佛寺有个让人惊奇的故事 This buddhist temple near Shanghai has an extraordinary story attached to it
2007年5月 In May 2007
我们的摄制组拍在寺庙的鱼池中 A Wild China camera team
拍到了一只很奇特的斑鳖 filmed this peculiar Swinhoe's turtle in the temple's fishpond
据寺庙里的和尚说 According to the monks
那只斑鳖是400年前明朝朝廷赐给佛寺的 this turtle had been given to the temple during the Ming dynasty over 400 years ago
是世上最老的动物 It was thought to be the oldest animal on Earth
鳖对中国人而言是美味佳肴 Soft shell turtles are considerd a good-made delicacy by many Chinese
当它被拍摄时 and when it was filmed
是中国仅存三只的其中一只 this was one of just three Swinhoe's Turtles left alive in China
它其他的同伴全被抓起来吃了 The rest of its kind having been rounded up and eaten
很不幸的是，拍摄后的几个礼拜 Sadly, just a few weeks after filming
这古老的生物死了 this ancient creature died
剩下的几只分别养在不同的动物园里 The remaining individuals of its species are currently kept in seperate zoos
现在野生斑鳖是公认绝种了 and Swinhoe's Turtle is now reckoned extinct in the wild
事实上中国25种淡水鸟龟 In fact, most of the 25 types of fresh water turtles in China
现在消失得很快 are now vanishingly rare
绝种的解决方法是保育 The answer to extinction is protection
在中国南方现在有在增加 who come to marvel at the gravity-defying landscape of soaring sandstone pinnacles
网状系统的自然保留区 Winding between Zhangjiajie's peaks
在这其中张家界的天子山自然保护区 crystal clear mountain streams are home to what is perhaps China's strangest creature
可能是中国大自然爱好者最常参观的 This bizarre animal
俯视这一片惊心动魄的壮阔林海 is a type of newt
美丽景观 the Chinese Giant Salamander
卷绕着张家界高峰上晶莹剔透的云雾间 In China, it is known as the baby fish
可能是中国最奇怪的生物的家 because when distressed, it makes a sound like a crying infant
这异乎寻常的动物是蝾螈的一种 It grows up to a meter and a half long
中国大蝾螈 making it the world's largest amphibian
俗称娃娃鱼 Under natural conditions, a Giant Salamander may live decades
因为当遇到危难时它会发出像婴儿一般的哭声 But like so many Chinese animals
它能长到一米半的长度 it is considered delicious to eat
是世界上最大的两栖类 Despite being classed as protected species
在正常的环境下，大蝾螈能活几十年 giant salamanders are still illegally sold for food
但就像许多中国的动物一样它是种美食 and the baby fish is now rare
尽管被视为保护类动物 and endangered in the wild
大蝾螈仍然被非法地当食物出售 Fortunately in a few areas like Zhangjiajie,
现在野生的娃娃鱼是稀有及面临绝种的动物 Giang Salamanders still survive under strict official protection
幸运地，几个像张家界的地方 The rivers of Zhangjiajie flow northeast into the Yangtse floodplain
大蝾螈能在官方严格的保护下生存 known as the land of fish and rice
张家界的河川从东北流入长江流域 On an island in a lake in Anhui province
亦称为鱼米之乡 a dragon is stirring
在安徽省一个湖中的岛上 This is the ancestral home of China's larges and rarest reptile
一条龙正在忙碌 A creature of mystery and legend
这是中国最大、最稀有爬虫类的祖居 Dragon eggs are greatly prized
一个神秘及传说中的生物 these babies need to hatch out quick
龙蛋被当成价值连城 It would seem someone is on their trail
这些宝宝必须赶快孵出！ For a helpless baby reptile
看来有人已经盯上了 imprisoned in a leathery membrane inside a choky shell
一只无助的爬虫宝宝 a process of hatching
被困在白垩质坚韧的壳膜内 is a titanic straggle
孵化的过程是巨大的挣扎 And time is running out
时间快没了 It's taken 2 hours for the little dragon to get its head out of this egg
过了两小时 It needs to gather its strength now
小龙才把头伸出蛋壳外 a final massive push
它现在必须要养精蓄锐 Free at last
做最后一次地大力推挤 the baby Chinese alligators instinctively head upwards toward the surface of the nest
总算自由了 and waiting outside world
小扬子鳄凭直觉地往上爬 But the visitors are not what they seem
爬到巢上面，等待它的外面世界 Sheshuzhen and her son live nearby
但来访者并不是它想像的 She has been caring for her local alligators for over 20 years
徐淑真和她儿子住在附近 so she had fair idea when the eggs will likely to hatch
徐照顾当地的鳄鱼已经快20年了 Back home, she's built a pond,
所以她知道哪时候蛋最可能孵化 surrounded by netting to keep out predators
在家里，她盖了一个池塘以网围住，以隔绝掠夺者 where her charges will spend the next 6 months
在那里被她被照顾的扬子鳄要花6个月的时间 until they are big enough to fend for themselves
才长大到能自我保护 For the past twenty years
过去的20年 small scale conservation projects like this are all that have kept China's 150 wild alligators from extinction
类似这种小型的保育工程 Just south of the alligator country
是唯一保护中国150只野生鳄鱼免于绝种的机制 dawn breaks over a very different landscape
在鳄鱼村的南边 The 1800 meter high granite peaks
黎明带来了非常不同的景观 of the Huangshan
黄山1800米高的花岗岩山峰 or yellow mountain
对中国人而言，黄山松象征着 To the Chinese
大自然的力量与恢复力 Huangshan's pines are peak mines, the strength, and resilience of nature
据估计有些树已有超过1千年的树龄 Some of these trees are thought to be over a thousand years old
花岗岩山峰下 Bellow the granite peaks
树木森生陡峭的山谷庇护着惊人的栖居动物 steep forest in the valleys shelter surprising inhabitants
四川短尾猴是中国西部西藏酋猴稀有的后代 Huangshan macaques
它们是这山谷特有的物种 rare descendents of the Tibetan macaques of western China
在这里它们享受官方严密的保护 are unique to these mountain valleys where they enjoy strict official protection
待在树上一整个早上后 After a morning spent in the treetops
整群移往谷里阴凉处 the troop is heading for the shade of the valley
让成猴有机会摆脱热气 a chance for the grownups escape the heat
也可以从溪水里捡些午餐 and maybe pickup a lanch snack from the stream
像大部份的猴子社会 As in most monkey societies
社交活动包括很多打理 social contact involves a lot of grooming
打理对成猴来说也许不错 Grooming is all very well for grownups
但幼猴有过多的精力 But young macaques have energy to burn
像多数的胡闹 Like so much monkey business
开始是一点点的打闹 what starts off is a bit of playful rough-and-tumble
很快地变得无法控制 soon begin to get out of hand
猴王是个过来人 The alpha male has seen it all before
它一点也不担心 he's not in the least bothered
但好像有人，或是什么动物 but someone or something is watching with a less than friendly interest
并不友善地在偷看 The Chinese Moccasin is ambush predator with a deadly bite
中国百步蛇是埋伏式的食肉动物，有致命的毒性 This is one of China's largest and most feared varmint snakes
是中国最大、最令人害怕的毒蛇 But the mondkeys have lived alongside these dangerous serpent for thousands of years
但是这些猴子已经跟这些危险的蛇类 They use this, specific alarm call, to warn each other whenever a snake is spotted
住了几千年 Once its cover is blown, the bite proposes no threat to the monkeys
当发现蛇时 now safe in the treetops
它们用特别的报警声来互相警告 And life soon returens to normal
一旦隐匿处被发现，毒蛇对猴子就构不成威胁 By later summer, the rice fields of southern China
现在树上安全了 have turn to gold
一切恢复平静 The time has come to bring in the harvest
到了立秋，中国南方的稻田已变成金黄色 Nowadays, modern high yield strains are grown throughout much of the rice lands
收割的季节已到 Boosted by chemical fertilizers
当今，现代高产量品种 and reaped by combine harvesters
被用于大多数的田里 This is the great rice bowl of China
以化学肥料增加产量用联合收割机收割 producing a quarter of the world's rice
这是中国伟大的饭碗 Insects, stirred up by the noisy machines,
生产世界稻谷总量的四分之一 are snapped up by gangs of red-rumped swallows
昆虫因吵杂的机器骚动 including this year's youngsters
很快地被一群金腰燕给吃了 who have fledged several keeks ago
包括今年羽毛丰满 This could be their last feast before they head for the winter
刚会飞的幼鸟 Mechanized farming works best in the flat bottom valleys of the lowland
这可能是它们往南冬迁前最后的一餐 To the south, in the terraced hills in Zhejiang province
机器化农田 an older and simpler lifestyle persists
在山谷中平坦低地的效率最好 It's 7 in the morning
在南方浙江省的梯田山坡上 and Longxian's most successful business man
比较古老而简单的生活方式延续着 is off to work
现在是早上7点 In the golden terraces surrounding the village
龙县最成功的商人要上工了 the ears of rice are plump and right for harvesting
围绕着村落黄金色的梯田 But today, rice isn't at the most in Mr Yang's mind
沉甸甸的稻穗等着丰收 He has bigger fish to fry
但是在杨先生的心里今天的米不是最主要的事 Further at valley, the harvest has already began
他有更重要的事要做！ Yang's fields are ripe too
在山谷的上坡，收割已经开始了 but they haven't been drained yet
杨先生的稻谷也成熟了，但它们还没晒干 That's because for him, rice is not the main crop
那是因为对他来说稻谷不是主要的庄稼 The baskets he's carried up the hillside give a clue to Yang's business
他带去坡上的篮子透露了杨先生的生意 But before he starts work
但在他开始工作前 he needs to let some water out of the system
他必须从梯田里放些水出来 As the water level drops
当水位降低后 the mystery is revealed
谜底揭晓了，是黄金鲤鱼！ golden cub
龙县乡民很久以前就发现了 Longxian villages discoverd the benefits of transferring wild caught cub into their paddy fields long ago
把野生鲤鱼放养在梯田里的好处 The tradition has been going on here for at least 700 years
这至少已有700年的传统 As the water level in the paddy drops
当稻田里的水位降低后，竹闸防止鲤鱼逃跑 bamboo gate stop the fish's escaping
这种农作方式的好处是 The beauty of this farming method
一田同时生产两种作物 is that it delivers two crops from the same field at the same time
鱼和米 fish
像这样聪明的生态学促使中国成为今天 and rice
大致上粮食足以自给自足的国家 Smart ecology like this
在村子里杨先生有他自己的熏制房 is what enables China to be largely self-sufficient in food
将鱼加工好，以便卖到市场去 even today
也许是因为当地的水质 Back in the village
龙县鲤鱼有特别软的鳞片和精致的美味 Yang has his own smoke house
同时在熏制房的外面 where he preserves his fish ready for market
有点可“鱼” Longxian cub have unusually soft scales
村民为了要庆祝丰收，正在准备庆典 and a very delicate flavor
龙县学校的孩子们 perhaps as a result of the local water
花了好几个礼拜准备 Meanwhile, outside the smoke house
每一个村落里的人都来支持他们 there is something fishy going on
稻谷的循环周期完成 To mark the harvest
到了11月，中国北方变得异常寒冷 the village is staging a party
但南方还是一样的温暖舒适 Children from Longxian school
鸟群聚集在宽阔的鄱阳湖 have spent weeks preparing for their big moment
小天鹅从北边的西伯利亚长途迁移 Everyone from the community is here to support them
对中国人而言，它们是自然美的象征 The rice growing cycle is complete
鄱阳湖自然保护区提供了25万多只 By November
超过100多种候鸟 northern China is becoming distinctly chilly
过冬的庇护所 but the south is still relatively warm and welcoming
创造出中国南方最杰出的野生经验 Accross the vast expanse of Poyang lake
最后到达鄱阳湖的候鸟 the birds are gathering
是从西伯利亚的北极岸 Tundra swans are long-distance migrant from northern Siberia
经历最长的路程才到达的 To the Chinese, they symbolize the essence of natural beauty
西伯利亚鹤是中国的白鹤 The Poyang Lake Nature Reserve offers winter refuge to more than a quarter of a million birds
是好运的代表 for than 100 species
每年几乎全世界面临绝种的 creating one of southern China's finest wildlife experiences
鸟类族群 The last birds to arrive at Poyang
来回迁移9千公里 are those which have made the longest journey to get here
只为了在鄱阳湖过冬 All the way from the arctic coast of Siberia
像白鹤一样很多在中国南方的特有动物 The Siberian Crane, known in China, the White Crane
面临了和人类对空间及资源的 is seen as a symbol of good luck
开发与竞争压力 Each year, almost the entire world population of these critically endangered birds
但如果中国是种见证 make a 9000km round trip
那就是：野生动物有令人讶异的恢复力 to spend the winter at Poyang
只要得到正确的帮助 Like the white cranes
即使是最稀有的生物也能从濒临绝种的边缘回生 many of southern China's unique animals face pressure from exploitation and competition with people
只要我们有意愿，自然会找到出路 over space and resources