快看这东西！ Look at this thing!
它在旋转。 It's rotating.
哇，抓到了！ Whoa, got it!
呜呼！ Woo-hoo!
那到底是什么东西？ What the is that thing?
地球上训练最精良的飞行员拍到了 Disturbing videos of U.F.Os. have been taken
令人不安的UFO视频。 by some of the best-trained pilots on the planet.
我们确实有军方飞行员表示： We actually have military pilots who are saying,
"我看到了无法理解的东西。" "I saw something that I don't understand."
航向未知，速度未知。 Course unknown and speed unknown.
我们不知道他们实际看到了什么。 We don't know what they actually saw.
我们只有他们的主观描述。 We only have their interpretation of it.
这就是我当时戴的头盔。 So this is the helmet that I was wearing.
如果断言所有这些现象都源自同一处、 It would be really irresponsible to suggest
属于同种技术或同一类现象， that all of these things are of the same origin,
那就太不负责任了。 that they're of the same technology,
that they're of the same phenomenon.
不能说是外星人，但也不能说不是。 We can't say it's aliens, but we can't say it's not aliens.
新泽西州的居民忧心忡忡。 People in New Jersey are concerned.
而关于新泽西上空出现 And what about the explosion of news reports
不明飞行物的新闻报道激增又作何解释？ of strange objects flying over New Jersey?
目击无人机事件高达49起以上。 Upwards of 49-plus drone sightings.
作为科学家，我们也希望 As scientists, we also want
查明真相。 to get to the bottom of this.
有架飞行器——在那里。啊，找到了。 There's an aircraft-- there we go. Ah, there we go.
《UFO之谜》 "What Are U.F.Os.?"
《新星》栏目正在播出。 Right now, on "NOVA."
在国会听证会上， In the halls of Congress,
海军飞行员公开作证。 Navy pilots are speaking out.
该物体停留了约45秒后， This object remained for about 45 seconds or so
突然加速飞越山脉。 before darting off over the mountains.
我们几乎每天都能通过雷达、 We were seeing objects with our radars,
摄像设备， with our cameras,
甚至肉眼观测到不明飞行物。 and even with our eyes flying on an almost daily basis.
我们对物体的转向、 We're very sensitive to how things turn
加速和运动方式非常敏感， and how things accelerate and how things move,
但它完全违背了物理定律。 and this didn't follow any of those laws of physics.
截至2023年， As of 2023,
军方和商业飞行员 military and commercial pilots
累计报告了801起无法识别的物体目击事件。 have reported seeing 801 objects they couldn't identify.
当我们的领空出现不明物体时， When we're talking about having an unidentified thing
无论它是直接出现在头顶上空， in our airspace, whether it's directly overhead
还是沿海水域，我们都必须查明： or in our coastal waters, we need to figure out,
这是飞行安全问题吗？ is this an issue of flight safety?
这是国家安全问题吗？ Is this an issue of national security?
是敌对势力在监视我们吗？ Is this an adversary spying on us?
或者这可能是 Or could it be top-secret tech
国内研发的高度机密技术？ developed right here at home?
我可以明确地告诉你们， I can tell you unequivocally
政府在航空航天技术领域 that the government does keep secrets when it comes
确实会保守秘密。 to aerospace technology.
五角大楼拥有所谓的"黑色预算"， The Pentagon has what we often call a black budget,
有时年度金额甚至超过650亿美元。 which can sometimes exceed $65 billion in a year.
即便在军方内部， Even within the military,
也从未真正达成共识—— there's never been a consensus, really,
认定是某种可能或排除外星因素。 that it's this or that or that it's not extraterrestrial.
我们不能排除外星假说， We cannot rule out extraterrestrials,
但也没有确凿证据。 but you have no evidence for it.
关键还是要看证据。 It comes back to the evidence.
数十年来，普通民众持续报告着 Regular citizens have been reporting things
各类现象，但政府始终 for decades, and yet we hear nothing
未对此作出解释。 from the government about what this may be.
如今随着观测手段增多、 And now that we have more observations,
摄像设备和手机普及， more cameras, more cell phones
能拍摄到大气层中的异常现象， that are taking pictures of phenomenon in our atmosphere,
科学家需要站出来 scientists need to come forward
探讨如何识别这些物体。 and talk about how we can identify these objects.
科学工作中常会遇到异常现象。 In science, we encounter anomalies all the time.
我们的职责就是破解 And it's our job to try to figure out
这些异常现象揭示的宇宙奥秘。 what those anomalies are telling us about the universe.
这并非不明飞行物首次 This isn't the first time unidentified flying objects
激发人类想象并震惊世界。 have captured our imagination and startled the world.
早在1940年代， It was back in the 1940s
目击事件就开始激增。 that sightings started piling up.
1947年6月24日， June 24, 1947.
飞行员肯尼思·阿诺德在华盛顿州 As he flew near Mt. Rainier in Washington State,
雷尼尔山附近发现了奇异现象。 pilot Kenneth Arnold spotted something strange.
他在飞行时称看到这些物体 As he was flying around, he said he saw these objects
在阳光下闪烁反光。 glinting off of the sun.
因其运动方式类似打水漂， Because they moved like they were skipping off of water,
"飞碟"一词由此诞生。 the term "flying saucer" came about.
当时也有其他人目击类似现象， At the time, there were other people having sightings,
但这次事件真正点燃了 but this is the one that just really kind of
公众对UFO的热情。 ignite this interest in the public about U.F.Os.
从纽约到加州， From New York to California,
人们开始报告各地出现飞碟。 people started to report seeing flying saucers
几乎无处不在。 just about everywhere.
目击事件如野火般蔓延。 Sightings were spreading like wildfire.
文化会影响我们对 Culture informs our understanding
周遭世界的认知。 of the world around us.
如果你预期看到的UFO If you expect to see a U.F.O.
是馅饼盘形状， that looks like a pie tin,
那么当你目睹天空中难以辨别的 well, when you see something unusual in the sky
异常现象时， that you have trouble discerning what it was,
大脑更容易判定： your brain may be more apt to say,
"那看起来像个馅饼盘。" "That looked like a pie tin."
看似奇怪的是，在1940-50年代， It may seem strange that in the 1940s and '50s,
突然有那么多美国人目击空中不明物体。 so many Americans were suddenly spotting objects in the sky.
但随着冷战全面展开， But with the Cold War in full swing,
那是个对空中新威胁充满 it was a time of heightened anxiety and worry
高度焦虑的时代。 about new threats overhead.
这个时期恰逢 This was a time period in which there was a lot
军事技术大发展。 of military technology development.
二战结束后， Coming out of World War II,
我们发明了雷达。 we have developed radar.
这是首场以空中力量 This was the first major war
为主导的大型战争， where air power was a huge player,
大量未知技术不断涌现。 and there was a lot of unknown tech emerging.
所有这些因素共同作用。 All of these things kind of came together.
然后，罗斯威尔事件爆发了。 And then, of course, you had the Roswell incident.
新墨西哥州罗斯威尔市。 Roswell, New Mexico.
一名牧场主发现了 A rancher came across another piece
飞碟谜团的又一关键证据。 of the flying saucer puzzle.
当时有个牧场工人报告称： Essentially, this ranch hand comes in,
"我发现了这种材料。" says, "I found this material."
罗斯威尔陆军机场派出 They send a couple of Air Force people
两名空军人员前往调查。 from Roswell Army Airfield out to take a look.
其中一人表示："这东西很诡异。" One of them says, "Hey, I think this stuff was weird."
他们将材料送往沃思堡。 They take the material to Fort Worth.
沃思堡方面断定这显然是气象气球。 Fort Worth says it was obviously a weather balloon.
故事本该到此结束。 Story's over.
但公众并不买账。 But the public wasn't buying it.
好莱坞看到了机会—— And Hollywood saw an opportunity
开始大肆渲染这个引人入胜的题材： to run with a captivating story:
外星人——时而友善时而凶残—— aliens-- sometimes friendly and sometimes not--
正在造访地球。 were visiting planet Earth.
政府未能给出答案， The lack of answers by the government
确实留下了空白， did leave a void,
而好莱坞和娱乐产业 and Hollywood and, and entertainment
正好填补了这个空白。 certainly filled that void.
《地球大战飞碟》 "Earth vs. The Flying Saucers."
于是我们看到了五花八门的 And we are left with a wide assortment
外星接触场景想象： of scenarios imagining
与外星人、 contact with aliens,
飞碟、 with saucers,
月球或火星外星人、 or aliens on the moon or Mars,
或是戏剧性的 or alien invasions
外星入侵。 that are quite dramatic.
它们是什么？ What are they?
来自何方？ Where do they come from?
这无疑会引发人们的恐惧。 Certainly, this can instill a lot of fear in people.
由于缺乏科学家 In the absence of scientists
或其他权威声音 or other authoritative voices
填补空白 filling the gap
解释现象， and, and explaining what's going on,
官方唯一的回应就是： all we heard from the authorities was,
"这里没什么可看的。" "There's nothing to see here."
但军方其实在暗中调查。 But behind the scenes, the military was investigating.
政府最重大的 Probably the most significant
UFO历史调查项目 historical investigation of U.F.Os.
当属"蓝皮书计划"。 by the government was Project Blue Book.
该项目调查了成千上万起UFO目击事件。 It investigated thousands and thousands of U.F.O. sightings.
二十多年间， For more than 20 years,
军方调查员和科学家仔细分析数据， military investigators and scientists scrutinized the data,
寻求答案。 looking for answers.
这些不明物体究竟是什么？ What are all these objects?
是否存在明确而现实的威胁？ Do any of them present a clear and present danger?
天文学家艾伦·海尼克等科学家 Scientists like astronomer J. Allen Hynek
受邀协助空军串联线索。 were brought in to help the Air Force connect the dots.
艾伦·海尼克博士是空军顾问， Dr. J. Allen Hynek was the consultant
从1947年持续到1969年， for the Air Force from 1947 all the way to 1969,
全程参与这项调查。 the entire time they were investigating this topic.
他本人最初持怀疑态度—— He was a skeptic himself
因为早期外星人和小绿人的 because of that early association with aliens
联想太过荒诞。 and little green men.
所以当军方找到他时，他说： So when they approached him, he's, like,
"我可以接手，但很快就能 "I'll do this, but I'm going to easily
"揭穿这些无稽之谈—— "be able to debunk this in no time,
这太愚蠢了。" because this is just silliness."
"蓝皮书计划"于1969年终止， Project Blue Book ended in 1969,
当时空军发布了《康顿报告》。 when the Air Force released the Condon Report.
在调查了12,000多起UFO目击事件后， After investigating more than 12,000 U.F.O. sightings,
仍有701起无法解释。 701 remained unidentified.
作为科学家，若无法解释 When you've not explained that much of your data,
如此大量的数据是不可接受的。 as a scientist, that's not acceptable.
海尼克也无法接受。 And it wasn't acceptable for Hynek.
他的态度发生了 He'd had a change of heart
终身转变。 that would last a lifetime.
他开始意识到数据表明： He started to see that there was data there that indicates
并非所有案例都能轻易破解， that not all of these are easily solvable,
值得深入研究。 and that they do deserve investigation.
但他始终回避外星人猜想。 But he would stay away from the alien side of things.
他更关注"这是尚未解开的 He would try to focus on, you know, "This is a mystery
科学谜题"。 we don't understand."
但这太难了—— But it's just too difficult to do,
因为媒体和公众总是将 because the media and the public just can't
外星人与UFO混为一谈。 disassociate those things, the aliens and the U.F.Os.
这导致科学家 This created an environment that scientists
和严肃学者都对此避之不及。 and any serious person did not want to go near it.
于是外星人被归入 So aliens were right in there
幽灵、尼斯湖水怪、大脚怪之列—— with ghosts, the Loch Ness Monster, Bigfoot--
全都成了未知的恐怖传说， it was all part of this, the unknown, spooky stuff
多半是假的。 that probably ain't true.
由于这种污名化， Because of this stigma,
如今美国国防部将 today, the Department of Defense
"不明飞行物"(UFO)改称为 refers to these Unidentified Flying Objects, U.F.Os.,
"不明异常现象"(UAP)。 as U.A.Ps.-- Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena.
从UFO到UAP的转变 They changed it from U.F.O.
旨在消除污名， to U.A.P. to try to reduce that stigma,
摆脱历史包袱， to try to get away from that history,
避免触发大脑的条件反射。 that historical trigger that happens in our brains.
遗憾的是，UFO一词在科学界 The word U.F.O., unfortunately, has become a taboo word
已成为禁忌。 within the scientific community.
这实际上损害了 It's actually been a disservice
我们的学术界和社会—— to our community and our society
未能正确教育和传播 for not trying to teach and communicate
夜空中的真实知识。 about what actually is in the night sky.
夜空中从不缺少 There's no shortage of things in the night sky
看似奇异的现象。 that can seem strange.
有些是自然现象—— Some are natural,
比如极光的绚烂色彩、 like the colors of the Northern Lights,
流星雨的璀璨、 the beauty of a meteor shower,
夜空中明亮的金星， planet Venus in the night sky.
甚至形似飞碟的奇特云层。 Even clouds that form strange saucer-like shapes.
也有许多人造奇观。 And plenty that are not-so-natural wonders.
此刻我头顶就有飞机掠过， Right now above my head are planes.
能听到直升机盘旋， You can hear a helicopter flying over.
可能还有无人机。 There's probably some drones up there, too.
若在合适的时间地点， And if you're in the right place at the right time,
甚至能看到人造卫星—— you can probably even see some satellites up there,
因为天上许多东西 because there's a lot of stuff out there
可能没你想的那么神秘。 that might not be as strange as you think it is.
"太怪了，那绝不是飞机" So weird, that's not a plane.
如今空中存在的物体 The number of things that are
数以千计。 in our sky today are thousands.
"天啊" Oh, my God.
"现在它完全静止了" Now it's not moving at all.
"就悬停在那里" It's hovering right there.
全球每天发射 We have weather balloons.
1,800个气象气球。 1,800 of them are launched daily around the world.
从地面甚至能看到 You can actually see things in Earth's orbit
地球轨道上的物体。 from the ground.
比如夜晚可见国际空间站 You can see, for instance, the International Space Station
从头顶飞过。 at night, flying overhead.
若看到一串光点 And if you see a cluster of lights
横贯夜空， traveling across the night sky,
那很可能是"星链"卫星系统。 they're probably part of a satellite system
called Starlink.
当星链发射60颗卫星连成的光链时， When Starlink launches a 60-satellite string,
人们会困惑"那是什么"。 people look at that and go, "I don't know what that is."
这景象诡异得令人不安。 And it looks really weird and concerning.
科技让天空变得更加杂乱， Technology, I think, has created much more clutter in the sky
也让我们更容易误判现象。 and an ability for us to misinterpret things.
天空充满未知， There's a lot in our sky,
研究UFO的前提是， and if we're studying U.F.Os., of course,
必须先了解已知现象， you have to know what's in the sky that is known
才能识别未知事物。 before you can identify what's unknown.
而解析史上最诡异的 That's especially difficult when it comes
目击事件尤为困难... to some of the strangest sightings ever made...
...比如海军飞行员拍摄的那些视频。 ...those videos taken by Navy pilots.
最著名的当属绰号"万向节"的录像。 One of the most famous is nicknamed "the Gimbal."
我们记录"万向节"物体时， We recorded the Gimbal object
正随"西奥多·罗斯福"号航母 when we were down off the coast
在佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔 of Jacksonville, Florida, aboard
附近海域执行任务， the U.S.S. Theodore Roosevelt
时间是2015年。 in 2015.
前F/A-18飞行员瑞安·格雷夫斯永远记得 Former F/A-18 pilot Ryan Graves will never forget
中队同僚讲述的 what some pilots in his squadron told him
离奇UAP遭遇经历。 about their bizarre U.A.P. experience.
事件发生在夜间训练任务中。 The event unfolded during a night training mission.
"老兄，这是无人机。" This is a drone, bro.
他们发现异常物体， They see something strange.
花了几分钟接近观察， They've been closing on it for a couple of minutes
试图弄清真相。 as they fly towards it to better understand it.
"肯定是无人机——这最合理。" It has to be a drone-- that's the logical thing.
"没人说这是UFO或外星产物。" No one's out there saying it's U.F.Os. or aliens or whatever.
"就是个不明物体。" It's just an unknown thing.
"到底是什么？" And what is it?
虽然摄像机只拍到一个物体， While their camera only captures the image of one object,
雷达却显示更复杂的状况。 their radar tells a more complex story.
"SA屏幕上显示有一整队！" There's a whole fleet of them-- look on the S.A.
"天哪。" My gosh.
随着信息不断汇集， As they gather more information,
雷达显示存在整个编队， and they see a, a whole fleet of them on their radar,
他们愈发困惑。 it's harder to understand what they're seeing.
从对话语气就能听出来。 And you can hear that in their voices.
"它们都在逆风飞行。" They're all going against the wind.
"西风风速120节。" The wind's 120 knots from the west.
"快看那东西，伙计！" Look at that thing, dude.
接着那物体做出了极其诡异的动作。 Then the object does something downright bizarre.
"看这东西！" Look at this thing!
"它在旋转。" It's rotating.
可以看到物体似乎在旋转， You see the object appears to rotate,
随后视频就此中断。 and then the video cuts out at that point.
"老实说，我不知道'万向节'是什么。" You know, so, I don't know what the Gimbal is.
"至今仍是个谜。" We still don't know what it is.
海军飞行员记录的众多UFO影像 There's no doubt many of the recordings of U.F.Os.
无疑都显得极为反常。 made by Navy pilots look very strange.
要破解这些谜团， To try to decode them,
关键在于理解所使用的 it's crucial to understand the kinds of sensors
传感器和摄像机特性。 and cameras being used.
引发公众热议的 So the vast majority of the evidence
绝大多数证据 that's excited the public imagination
都来自名为ATFLIR的 about these videos comes in the form
机载红外摄像系统。 of infrared imagery.
前政府UAP调查部门主管肖恩·柯克帕特里克 Imagery taken with an onboard infrared camera system
与工程师约什·塞梅特 called ATFLIR.
在泰莱达因工程师唐奈尔·拉戈协助下 Sean Kirkpatrick, former director
探索红外线成像的 of the government's department in charge
独特视角..."它在反射什么..." of investigating U.A.Ps... What is it reflecting...
...工程师约什·塞梅特 ...and engineer Josh Semeter
与泰莱达因工程师唐奈尔·拉戈 explore how the world looks in infrared light
共同探索红外成像原理。 with the help of Teledyne engineer Donnell Lago.
"左侧是4K可见光图像， So what you have here is, you got
右侧是热成像画面。" the visible on this side here, it's a 4K visible image,
and then the thermal on this side.
屏幕右侧摄像机捕捉的是 On the right side of the screen,
人眼可见的 the camera is capturing visible light:
可见光波段。 light the human eye can see.
而左侧显示的 But on the left side,
波士顿天际线却截然不同—— the Boston skyline looks radically different,
这是通过探测温度变化 because this is a thermal image,
的红外热像仪 taken with an infrared camera
拍摄的热成像画面。 that detects variations in temperature.
"桥上车辆散发的热量 The cars on the bridge
高于背景环境。" are emitting more heat than the background.
物体温度越高显示越亮， The more heat an object emits, the whiter it appears.
温度越低则越暗。 The less, the darker it gets.
"能切换显示模式吗？""可以反相， And can you switch that? Yes, we can invert it.
让原本显黑的热源 We can make everything that's black hot
变为显白。" and everything that's white cold.
"这正是飞行员常做的操作。" And that's exactly what we see our pilots doing.
飞行员发现目标时， Pilots, when they see things,
会反复切换模式 they will toggle back and forth
以获得最佳对比度..."嗯。" so that they can try to get the best contrast... Mm.
"...来辨识观察对象。" ...to try to figure out what they're looking at, you know.
"我们试试能否找到飞机？" So why don't we try and see if we can see any aircraft?
"即使在这种雾霾天..." Even on a hazy day like this...
"发现飞机了——啊，在那里。" There's an aircraft, there we go. Ah, there we go.
"...很快就能定位。" ...it doesn't take long to spot one.
"红外图像里根本看不出 There is an aircraft
是架飞机。" that you can't tell, in the infrared, is an aircraft.
"但在可见光下很清楚。""没错。" Mm-mm. But in the visible, I sure can.
Yep. Exactly.
"明白了吧？" All right?
"现在切换到黑热模式？" And now, why don't we switch it to black is hot?
"同样操作看看效果。""好的。" Play the same game, yeah. Yeah, yeah.
Play the same game and see what it looks like.
"有架飞机。""嗯，找到了。" There's a plane there. Mm-hmm, oh, there we go.
"那里，那里，还有那里。""对。" There's a plane, there's a plane, there's a plane. Okay, yep.
"就在那儿。" There we go.
"看到了吧。" There you go.
"我只盯着红外摄像机， I saw this just little dot tripping through the field.
看到个小点穿过视野。" And I was only looking at the infrared camera.
"而隔壁看可见光的肖恩说： And Sean, who was watching the visual camera
'那是架飞机'。" next door, said, "There's an airplane."
"我转头一看——" And I looked over
"发现是架大型客机正飞过。" and this enormous aircraft was moving through the scene.
"就是个光斑。" It's just a blob.
"对，就一小团。" Just a little blob, yeah.
"那其实是引擎图像。""没错。" So that was an image of the engine. Yeah.
"完全看不到机身。" Yeah. That's basically all you saw-- you didn't see
the rest of the fuselage.
红外与可见光成像的 The world looks very different
差异极其显著。 in the infrared versus the visible.
研究红外成像的欺骗性特征， Exploring the deceptive nature of infrared light
为科学家提供了关键线索—— provides scientists with valuable clues
为何飞机会呈现诡异外形。 to why a plane could take on an otherworldly shape.
但仍无法解释"万向节" But it doesn't explain why the Gimbal
为何能违背物理规律运动。 seems to move in ways that defy physics.
"万向节"视频堪称 The Gimbal video is one of
最著名的UFO影像之一， the most famous U.F.O. videos,
其盛名绝非偶然—— and with good reason, I think,
它活像经典飞碟造型。 because it looks like a flying saucer.
UFO调查员兼阴谋论破解者米克·韦斯特 U.F.O. investigator and conspiracy debunker Mick West
耗费数年逐帧分析 spent years analyzing the Gimbal video
"万向节"视频， frame by frame,
抽丝剥茧寻找线索。 clue by clue.
这段视频最耐人寻味的， The interesting thing about the Gimbal video,
除了飞碟般的外形， besides it being a flying saucer,
就是其旋转动作。 is this rotation it does.
这曾令我百思不解。 And this was very puzzling.
耗费很长时间才 It took a long time to figure out
破解其中奥秘。 what might be going on there.
米克凭借特殊技能迎接挑战。 Mick brings a unique set of skills to this challenge.
"我曾是电子游戏程序员， I used to program video games many years ago.
酷爱解谜过程， I really enjoy the process of solving puzzles,
运用3D几何、三角学等 and I use my 3D geometry and trigonometry
游戏编程技能 and algebra and all the skills that I use in games programming
来解析UFO现象。" to analyze the U.F.Os.
米克从梳理公开资料 Mick starts his investigation
着手调查"万向节"事件。 of the Gimbal by combing through publicly available information.
拍摄视频的F/A-18战机 The plane that captured the Gimbal video is an F/A-18,
机翼下方吊舱装有 equipped with an infrared camera mounted beneath the wing
红外摄像机。 in a targeting pod.
接着， Next,
他建模还原战机与摄像机—— he builds a simulation of the plane and the camera,
后者安装在万向节装置上。 which is on a device called a gimbal.
万向节使摄像机追踪目标时能自由旋转。 The gimbal enables the camera to rotate as it tracks a target.
但运动的不仅是摄像机。 But the camera isn't the only thing in motion.
飞行员显示屏显示目标正从战机左侧 The pilot's display reveals that the object is also moving,
向右侧移动。 from the left side of the plane to the right.
"要追踪从左至右 To track something
移动的目标—— going from left to right,
正如我们所见——摄像机需要 which is what we're seeing here, the camera actually
精确旋转特定角度 has to rotate, and it has to rotate a specific amount
才能完成横向追踪。" as it traverses over from one side to the other.
通过自建模型， Using the simulation he's created,
米克有了意外发现。 Mick makes a surprising discovery.
"万向节旋转的幅度与时长 The amount the gimbal rotates and the time it rotates
恰好符合摄像机 is exactly what would be needed
追踪该目标的需求。" for the camera to track this object.
他提出理论解释 He's come up with a theory about why the object
物体看似旋转的原因， appears to rotate,
并用手机和台灯 and sets up an experiment to demonstrate how it works,
设计实验进行验证。 using his cell phone and his desk lamp.
"用手机摄像头 Take your cell phone
对准单一强光源， and point the camera at a, a bright light, a single light.
然后旋转手机。" And then rotate your cell phone.
"此时旋转的只是摄像机， So you've got a rotating camera, but nothing is rotating,
产生的光学伪影。" except the artifacts of the camera.
"若存在镜头眩光等伪影， So if you have a glare, like an artifact of the camera,
当摄像机旋转时， when the camera rotates,
场景未动而眩光发生旋转。" the scene itself doesn't rotate, but the glare rotates.
"我认为'万向节'视频正是这种现象。" And I think that's what we're seeing in the Gimbal video.
"可能是远处的飞机—— It's possibly something like a distant plane,
高温热源在远方。" something that's hot off in the distance.
"引擎热源正对摄像机时， The heat of the engine was kind of pointing towards the camera,
会在成像中形成光晕， and that kind of bloomed in the camera
巨大的眩光 and created this glare
完全遮蔽了飞机本体。" that was so big, it obscured the entire plane.
但该理论存在争议。 But not everyone agrees with this theory.
"必须说明这完全可能， I want to be clear that that's entirely possible,
但我个人 but I personally
认为概率极低。" don't find that particularly likely.
"关键在于军用FLIR系统 The reason for that is strictly, this FLIR system
是经专业训练用于 is something that military personnel are trained to use
识别敌我战机的。" to identify adversary and friendly aircraft.
"飞行员深谙万向节系统原理， Pilots are well aware of how the gimbal system works,
也熟悉眩光等常见成像伪影。" as well as the nature of common camera artifacts, like glare.
"我不认为这是遥远飞机。 I don't think this was a distant plane.
确信该物体距离战机 I do believe it was an object that was about
约4-6英里（6-10公里）， four to six miles away from the fighter aircraft,
绝非30海里外的喷气机。" not a distant jet at 30 nautical miles away.
"若是远方飞机，来自何处？ If it was a distant jet, where would it come from?
为何没有任何信息表明 Why were we not receiving any indications
其是否属于我方战斗群？" that it was or was not part of our strike group?
2021年， In 2021,
美国防部成立全域异常现象办公室 the Department of Defense formed AARO,
(AARO)， the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office,
专门调查"万向节"等UAP事件。 to investigate U.A.Ps. like the Gimbal.
迄今AARO仍将此案列为"未解决"。 To date, AARO considers this case "unresolved."
"对我们而言，任何未识别目标 So for us, anything that remains unidentified
都是必须警惕的重大威胁—— is a severe threat that we should be paying attention to
这正是战术飞行员的 as tactical aviators,
专业训练核心。" because that's exactly what we're training to identify.
"万向节"并非唯一 The Gimbal isn't the only U.A.P.
看似违背物理定律的UAP。 that appears to defy the laws of physics.
2013年黄昏后，波多黎各 2013, just after dark at the airport
阿瓜迪亚机场。 in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico.
美国海关与边境保护局 U.S. Customs and Border Control
拍到这段诡异飞行物视频。 captured this video of an oddly behaving object.
"物体看似高速移动， It looks like the object is traveling quickly.
反复出入海面—— It looks like it's disappearing into the water
潜入后又跃出， and coming out of the water,
周而复始， and disappearing again, coming out,
甚至分裂成两个， and it's splitting into two,
最后完全消失。" and kind of disappearing completely.
"爱好者会宣称这是 Enthusiasts will point to that and say
曲速引擎或跨维度驱动的证据， that is evidence of warp drives or interdimensional drives
因其能海空两栖穿梭， and that it's transmedium
故称'跨介质飞行器'。" because it's going in and out of the water.
"但让我们想想—— Let me see.
是否存在更符合常理的 But could there be another reason
解释？" that's more down to Earth?
"来做个对照实验。" So let's do this as a controlled experiment.
工程师约什·塞梅特 Engineer Josh Semeter
邀请前AARO主任肖恩·柯克帕特里克 enlists the help of Sean Kirkpatrick,
共同设计实验： former director of AARO, to cook up an idea:
能否用刀叉勺模拟UFO， can they recreate this disappearing act in the lab
在实验室复现 with a knife, spoon, and fork
消失现象？ and two surrogate U.F.Os.?
"我打算使用 What I thought we'd try to use
红外传感器—— to do this is a infrared sensor.
像这样夹住就行。" It just clips on like so.
他们架好三脚架， They set it up on a tripod,
观察发现 take a look, and see
空无一物。 absolutely nothing.
"这些物体完全 We're not seeing anything at all
没有热信号。" in these objects.
肖恩将餐叉和勺子 Sean takes the spoon and fork, along with
与一个UAP模拟物 one of the U.A.P. surrogates,
放入冷藏箱。 and puts them in a cooler.
"大概需要——你觉得多久？约什？" For just about-- what do you think, Josh?
"一秒？十秒？""对。" A second? Ten seconds? Yeah.
"很快就好——十秒足够。" It doesn't take long-- I'd say ten seconds.
"绰绰有余。" It's more than enough.
约十秒后... About ten seconds later, give or take...
"好，取出来看看效果。" All right, let's take them out and see what they look like.
"把它们放回" Put that
"原位置。" right back where they were.
"现在看到什么？" And what do we got?
"现在有三个物体。" Well, there's three objects there.
"哇，对比太鲜明了。" Wow, that's pretty stark.
"能清晰看到餐叉和勺子，" We can see the fork and spoon,
"以及一个UFO模拟物。" along with one of the U.F.O. surrogates.
"而..." And...
"另外两个不见了。" I don't see the other two.
"完全找不到。" Cannot find the other two.
"但它们明明在那里。" But they are clearly there.
然而几分钟后， But over the next few minutes,
它们又逐渐消失了。 they gradually disappear again.
"问题在于：为什么？" The question is, why?
"不同温度的物体接触时，" There is a tendency
"会趋向于达到" for objects that are at different temperatures,
"相同的温度——" when they're in contact, to eventually reach
"这叫热平衡。" the same temperature as one another.
"这不是魔术。" It's not a magic trick.
"物体要在红外线下显形，" For an object to show up in infrared light,
"必须与接触物体" it must be a different temperature
"存在温差。" than objects it is in contact with.
"当餐叉和勺子与桌面" So, when the fork and spoon exchanged thermal energy
"完成热能交换达到平衡，" with the table, thermal equilibrium is reached,
"红外线下就隐形了。" making them invisible in infrared light.
这让我们联想到 And that brings us back
波多黎各视频中的消失现象—— to the disappearing objects in the Puerto Rico video,
同样是用红外传感器拍摄的。 which were also captured with an infrared sensor.
"当物体温度或辐射强度" As the object becomes the same
"与背景趋于一致，" either temperature or irradiance as the background,
"就会无法辨识。" you won't be able to see it.
"近乎隐形，" It'll become nearly invisible,
"看起来就像消失了。" and it looks like it disappears.
经过数月细致分析， After months of carefully analyzing the video,
科学家们得出了结论。 scientists think they have an answer.
"我们认为这是两只鸟，" We think they're two birds,
"当它们接近水面时，" and when they get close to the water,
"传感器难以区分" the effect on the sensor kicks in,
"鸟类与背景的对比度，" where it's having a hard time distinguishing the contrast
"看起来就像消失了，" between the background and the birds,
"随后因反射率变化重现，" and they look like they disappear,
"分离时看似入水，" and then they reappear
"实为光学假象。" because the reflectance changes, and then they separate,
and then it looks like they land in the water.
实验虽未完全复现 This demo doesn't capture
目击现场所有条件， all the conditions of this sighting,
但肖恩和约什认为 but Sean and Josh believe
温度与反射率变化 that shifts in temperature and reflection
可解释这种"消失术"。 might explain the apparent disappearing act.
"这个解释令我信服，" I'm satisfied with that explanation,
"因为科学家面对未知现象时" because that's how a scientist speaks
"就该如此表述。" with respect to some phenomenon that's not known.
"我们不下绝对论断。" We don't speak in certainty.
"例如，" So, for instance,
"若有人说：" if one were to say,
"'这要么是" "That is either
"'两只海鸟，'" "two birds flying over the ocean
"'要么是外星反重力技术'" "or it is a alien anti-gravity technology
"'展现跨介质特性'，" exhibiting transmedium characteristics,"
"我选择鸟类解释。" I choose the bird explanation.
波多黎各的目击事件 The sighting in Puerto Rico
或许只是两只海鸟， might simply be two birds,
"万向节"视频可能是远方飞机， and the Gimbal video might be a distant plane,
但史上最著名的UFO目击案例 but one of the most famous U.F.O. sightings
给调查者带来了更大挑战。 has been even more challenging for investigators.
"我亲眼目睹了" I was an eyewitness
"被公认为最重要" to what is considered
"的UFO/UAP接触事件之一——" one of the most important
"'尼米兹号'遭遇'薄荷糖'事件。" U.F.O. or U.A.P. encounters,
and that's the U.S.S. Nimitz- Tic Tac encounter.
2004年11月14日， November 14, 2004.
圣迭戈西南约100英里处， About a hundred miles southwest of San Diego,
当时还是飞行学员的亚历克斯·迪特里希， Alex Dietrich, then a young aviator-in-training,
与她的指挥官—— along with her commanding officer,
拥有十余年飞行经验的老兵 David Fravor, a seasoned pilot
戴维·弗拉沃尔中校， with more than a decade of flying under his belt,
展开例行训练任务。 set out on a routine training exercise.
"那天晴空万里，海面平静，" It was clear blue skies, calm waters,
"军事演习的空中管制员突然呼叫：" when we get a call by this controller,
"'需要你们前往'" kind of like an air traffic controller
"'检查某处接触目标。'" for our military exercise,
and they say, "Hey, we need you to go
and check out this contact over here."
战斗群中一艘军舰的雷达 The radar on one of the ships in the strike group
侦测到不明物体。 had detected an unknown object.
"那时是2004年，911事件刚过三年。" And this is 2004, just a few years after 9/11.
"我们顿时寒毛直竖，" The hair on the back of our neck stands up,
"立即转向目标区域。" and we go, "Hm, okay."
And we divert and we head towards it.
"起初什么都没发现。" And we don't see anything initially.
"但有人注意到海面扰动，" But somebody sees a disturbance in the water,
"一个奇异物体正以" and this strange thing is flying
"极快但飘忽的轨迹" very fast but erratically
"掠过这片水域。" over the, this area of, of water.
"它呈灰白色，" It was off-white.
"类似乳白色。" You know, sort of a, a white, creamish color.
"没有驾驶舱，没有舷窗，" We didn't see a cockpit, we didn't see windows,
"移动方式超出认知。" and it moved in ways that we didn't understand.
迪特里希和弗拉沃尔返回尼米兹号时 Dietrich and Fravor returned to the Nimitz
未拍摄到物体影像， without taking video of the object,
另一架战机继续追踪 so another aircraft went in pursuit
拍下这段画面。 and captured this.
"我们亲切地称它'薄荷糖'，" We call it affectionately a Tic Tac,
"因为酷似那个小清新薄荷糖。" because it looks like the little breath mint.
米克·韦斯特决定挑战 Mick West decides to take on the challenge,
解析"薄荷糖"的运动轨迹。 to see if he can make sense of the movement of the Tic Tac.
"视频非常模糊，" It's a very blurry video.
"我认为是失焦导致，" I think it's actually out of focus,
"物体其实没有特殊动作，" and it's not actually doing anything.
"基本就是向左前方" It's just basically flying away
"沿近似直线飞行。" and a bit to the left
in more or less a straightish line.
但问题是， But the thing is,
戴维·弗拉沃尔的描述极具戏剧性。 David Fravor's description is very dramatic.
事实上， In fact,
当戴维·弗拉沃尔中校 when Commander David Fravor
2023年在国会作证时， testified before Congress in 2023,
他描述了一个 he described an object that,
在他18年飞行生涯中 in his 18 years of flying,
前所未见的 traveled at speeds
超高速飞行物。 he'd never seen before.
"我们环顾四周时，" As we looked around,
"发现一个白色薄荷糖状物体，" we saw a white Tic Tac object
"纵轴南北指向，" with a longitudinal axis pointing north-south
"在海面上异常灵活地移动，" and moving very abruptly over the water,
"就像乒乓球。" like a Ping-Pong ball.
"他描述该物体" He talks about the object
"如乒乓球般在海面弹跳，" kind of Ping-Ponging around close to the ocean,
"随后以高难度" and then doing this very difficult
"协同动作跃升。" synchronized movement up towards the top.
"我把它固定在这里。" I'm going to tie it off over here.
米克根据飞行员目击报告 Mick conducts an experiment
在后院泳池展开实验， based solely on the pilots' eyewitness reports,
用自制的"薄荷糖"模型 using his backyard swimming pool
进行验证。 and his version of the Tic Tac.
"我用木块和白线做了模型，" Yeah, I made the Tic Tac out of a piece of wood
"涂成白色。" and some bits of white wire and painted it white.
他将"薄荷糖"悬于泳池上方... He suspends his Tic Tac over the swimming pool...
"大概这个位置。" About there.
...爬上梯子用手机 ...climbs up a ladder with his phone,
开始拍摄。 and starts recording.
"这个泳池实验" So, what I set up
"生动演示了可能的情况，" with the pool demo is just a good illustration
"帮助我们判断" of what might have happened to try to figure out,
"到底是何物在移动？" what's actually moving here?
"是物体在动还是摄像机在动？" Is this object moving or is the camera moving?
"由于缺乏参照物，" Because we don't have any frame of reference,
"背景只有泳池，" we've just got the pool behind it,
"稍微拉近镜头后，" and so you kind of zoom in a little bit,
"满屏都是泳池，" so all you see is the pool,
"看起来就像物体在移动。" it really looks like the object is moving.
"尽管实际并非如此。" Even though it's not.
"移动的只有摄像机。" It's only the camera that's moving.
"这完美演示了视差效应，" It's a good illustration of parallax,
"众所周知，" which, as we know,
"这是光学错觉的主因之一。" is one of the big causes of optical illusions.
"类似错觉也出现在" You may have experienced this illusion
"火车窗外景色——" looking out the window of a train.
"近处的树木" The trees just outside the window
"看似相对于" appear to be moving in relation
"远处背景移动，" to the landscape in the background,
"实则移动的只有观察者。" but the only thing that's actually moving is you.
"人类视觉并不可靠。" We're not reliable-- our eyes are not reliable.
"若在法庭上" If you're going to court,
"仅凭目击证词" and you're the accused,
"作为关键证据，" and it's a eyewitness testimony
"那可就悬了。" that's going to, you know, the big evidence
against you, good luck.
"因此当军方飞行员，" So, when a military aviator,
"尤其是弗拉沃尔中校这样" especially someone like Commander Fravor,
"有实战经验的，" with combat experience,
"声称目睹了" says that they saw something in the sky
"违背物理定律的异常现象，" that they can't quite explain, that operated in a way
"我会高度重视，" that seemed to contradict what they understand
"因为这些人不仅是" the laws of physics would dictate,
"训练有素的飞行员，" I tend to give those witness testimonies
"更是身经百战的战士。" a great deal of credence, because these aviators
are not just highly trained pilots,
they're highly trained combatants.
"飞行员观察只是" The pilot observation is,
"'我看到了什么'。" "I see something."
"我们真正需要的是" The data we need
"传感器采集的数据。" is what the sensor is gathering.
"这些数字才是关键。" And that's the numbers we actually need.
"就'薄荷糖'事件而言，" In the case of the Tic Tac,
"飞行员确实有所发现，" the pilot did see something,
"但当时未调查" but some of the key technical questions
"关键技术问题，" hadn't been investigated at the time,
"如今已无从考证，" and trying to investigate those now
"因为缺乏" is not going to give us a whole lot,
"实质性的研究材料。" because there's nothing to really examine.
"时间越久远，" The farther back in time you go,
"相关数据就越匮乏。" the less data there is for every one of these cases.
"2004年时，" And back in 2004,
"这类事件" there was no data retention policy
"尚无数据留存政策。" for these kinds of events.
"侧面...对，这个？我们在看..." Side... Yeah. This one? Yeah, so, we're looking...
据肖恩·柯克帕特里克透露， According to Sean Kirkpatrick,
事件雷达数据已不复存在， the radar data from the incident no longer exists,
我们永远无法验证 so we'll never know
米克的视差理论是否成立。 if it would support or rule out Mick's parallax theory.
"我不清楚所见何物，" I don't know what we saw,
"拒绝妄加揣测，" and I refuse to speculate,
"因为断言'绝对是敌国侦察'" because I think it would be irresponsible of me to say,
"或'绝对是外星来客'" you know, "Well, it was definitely
"都非负责任之举。" an adversary spying on us,"
or, "It was definitely an alien
visiting from outer space," because I don't know.
对亚历克斯而言，"薄荷糖"事件就此翻篇。 For Alex, that was the end of the Tic Tac story.
"之后我继续生活，" And then I went on with my life,
"专注事业，不再多想。" my career, and I didn't really think about it.
直到13年后， That is, until 13 years later,
《纽约时报》刊载文章 when "The New York Times" published this article
附"薄荷糖"和"万向节"视频链接。 with links to the Tic Tac and Gimbal videos.
"《纽约时报》报道后，" When "The New York Times" released this story,
"这个话题获得一定可信度，" it really gave the whole topic a bit of credibility,
"人们不再视其为禁忌或笑谈，" where a lot of people saw it as taboo and sort of silly,
"既然美国政府投入" but if the U.S. government has been investing
"数千万美元调查，" tens of millions of dollars
"说明确有其事。" into investigating these reports,
there seems like there could be something to it.
"民众对UFO话题" People are interested
"兴趣高涨，" in this topic of U.F.Os.,
"国会也开始介入。" and Congress has begun to get involved.
"已举行多次" There's been a couple
"听证会，" of congressional hearings
"传唤专家证人" calling expert witnesses
"调查真相。" to try and figure out what's going on here.
"您认为，" In your belief,
"这个飞行中的" is this,
"'薄荷糖'..." this flying Tic Tac, I mean, is this,
它可能是地球上 Is it capable of being
其他任何国家的产物吗？ the product of any other nation on the Earth?
不，事实上我认为它违背了当前材料科学 No, I, actually, I think it defies current material science
以及实现如此强大推进力的能力。 and the ability to develop that much propulsion.
我知道有些物理学家 And I know there's been some physicists
进行过计算，这远超 who have done calculations, which is beyond
我们现有的任何技术。 anything that we have.
我们是否应该担心某些UFO Should we be concerned that some U.F.Os.
是来自地外世界的先进技术？ are advanced technologies from out of this world?
或是我们的对手研发的秘密技术？ Or secret technologies developed by our adversaries?
又或者是否存在其他原因 Or could there be another reason
使得UFO数十年来一直如此难以捉摸？ U.F.Os. have remained so elusive for decades?
还记得1947年新墨西哥州罗斯威尔事件吗？ Remember, back in 1947, in Roswell, New Mexico,
当时一名牧场主在他的牧场上发现了奇怪的残骸？ when a rancher found strange debris in his pasture?
空军声称那是一个气象气球。 The Air Force said it was from a weather balloon.
但事实证明， But, as it turns out,
它属于美国军方一个名为 it was part of a classified U.S. military program
“莫古尔计划”的机密项目。 called Project Mogul.
空军发射了这些气球， The Air Force launched these balloons,
上面装有传感器， and they had these sensors on them
用于测量空气中的振动， where they can measure vibrations in the air
以监测苏联的核试验。 to be able to monitor Russian nuclear testing.
德克萨斯州沃思堡的一位将军决定， The general in Fort Worth, Texas, decided,
“我要掩盖这个机密项目， "I'm going to cover up this classified project,
并向公众展示 "and I'm going to show the public
我们回收的只是一个气象气球。” that what we recovered was a weather balloon."
空军花了半个世纪 It would take half a century
才承认 for the Air Force to admit
罗斯威尔坠毁事件的真相。 exactly what had crashed in Roswell.
确实存在掩盖， So there was a cover-up,
但掩盖的是一个机密项目， but it was a cover-up of a classified project,
而非外星飞船。 not, you know, an alien spacecraft.
保密引发了阴谋论， The secrecy led to the conspiracy,
而空军的态度无疑火上浇油， and certainly the Air Force did not help themselves
他们对这个话题讳莫如深且不屑一顾。 by being secret and dismissive of the topic.
说到政府掩盖， When it comes to government cover-ups,
或许最臭名昭著的就是51区。 perhaps the most infamous is Area 51.
关于外星飞船 Tales of alien spacecraft
藏在这个偏远空军基地的传闻 hidden inside this remote Air Force base
——位于拉斯维加斯西北约83英里处—— about 83 miles northwest of Las Vegas
已持续数十年。 have persisted for decades.
事实证明，军方自1950年代起 It turns out, the military has been secretly
就在这里秘密研发尖端技术， developing cutting-edge technology here
但直到2013年 since the 1950s,
才承认这个基地的存在。 but did not even acknowledge the existence of the base
until 2013.
我们知道有许多飞机 There are lots of aircraft
曾在51区进行测试， we know have been tested at Area 51
当时完全保密， entirely in secret at the time,
包括F-117， including the F-117,
SR-71， the SR-71,
B-2幽灵轰炸机等等。 the B-2 Spirit, and many more.
就在B-2幽灵轰炸机 Right around the same time
研发的同一时期， the B-2 Spirit was in development,
美国各地常见的UFO目击事件 common sightings of U.F.Os. around the United States
逐渐从几十年前熟悉的飞碟形状 tended to transition away from the pie saucer shape
转变为 we were familiar with in earlier decades
更接近三角形的形状。 and toward a more triangular shape.
这是人们声称的TR-3B模型， This is a model of what people claim was the TR-3B,
据传这是一种通过逆向工程外星技术 which is a legendary aircraft that people allege was built
制造的传奇飞行器。 using reverse-engineered alien technology.
到了1990年代， By the 1990s,
关于三角形航天器的传言 rumors of triangular-shaped spacecraft
变得如此广泛， became so widespread,
甚至成为流行文化的一部分。 they became part of popular culture.
像《X档案》这样的热门剧集 Blockbusters like "The X-Files"
就描绘了一艘三角形外星飞船 featured a triangular-shaped alien spacecraft
悬浮在福克斯·穆尔德探员头顶的场景。 hovering over Agent Fox Mulder's head.
我认为政府应该也确实 I think the government should and does
预期公众会 expect that the public is going
按照自己的方式填补空白。 to fill in the blanks as they see fit.
只要人们还在谈论 As long as people are talking
51区的外星人活动， about aliens operating out of Area 51,
那么他们就不会泄露 well, then, they're not revealing anything
任何关于在那里测试的 about the legitimate military platforms
合法军事平台的信息。 that are being tested there.
这形成了一种烟幕弹。 It creates a bit of a smokescreen.
总有一些 There's always
基于知密等级的 advanced technological programs going on
先进技术项目在进行。 that are on a need-to-know basis.
如果你无需知晓，即使你是 If you don't need to know, even if you are
政府或军方成员， a member of the government or the military,
你也不会知道。 you're not going to know.
而理应如此。 And that's the way it should be.
这完全是间谍对间谍 This is all about spy versus spy
或军队对军队的较量， or military versus military
以保持技术优势。 to maintain technical superiority.
我们不想让别人知道我们在建造什么， We don't want other people to learn what we're building,
可能在哪里部署， where we might employ it,
因为他们可能会找到对策。 because then they can defeat it.
这样做是有原因的。 There are reasons to do that.
与外星人无关。 None of it is alien.
毫无关系。 None of it.
我认为我们正处在一个 I think we are in an era where
阴谋论盛行的时代。 conspiracy theories are popular.
这是另一个吗？ Is this another one?
当涉及军方飞行员 When it comes to sightings
和公众的目击事件时， by military pilots and the public,
科学如何帮助区分 how can science help separate
毫无根据的阴谋论与现实、 unfounded conspiracy theories from reality,
事实与虚构？ fact from fiction?
从伽利略最早 From the very days that Galileo
将望远镜对准天空、 first lifted his telescope to the sky
测量木星卫星轨道开始， and made measurements of the moons going around Jupiter,
其他人就能复现这些测量结果 everybody else could then reproduce those measurements
并承认：“他是对的。” and go, "Oh, yeah, he's right."
而这种验证 And that confirmation
正是过去400年科学方法 is what has made the scientific method so powerful
如此强大的原因。 over the last 400 years.
我们需要的是数据， The thing we need is data,
真实的数据，而我们目前没有。 and we need real data, and we don't have it.
我们NASA在…… We at NASA are...
2022年， In 2022,
NASA召集了一组专家 NASA brought together a group of experts
探索收集这些数据的方法。 to explore ways to collect that data.
NASA应引领科学讨论。 NASA should lead the scientific discourse.
我们需要提升这场对话。 We need to elevate this conversation.
NASA的UAP研究小组 The NASA U.A.P. panel
旨在将科学视角 was formed to bring
引入这一领域。 that science perspective into this.
这项分析尚未完成。 That analysis has not been done.
许多人声称我们拥有数据， A lot of people argue that we have data,
但绝大多数数据都是传闻， but the vast majority of that data is anecdotal,
这远远不够。 and that's just not going to cut it.
专家组提出了几种方法 The panel recommended several ways
来收集更多数据， to collect more data,
包括重新利用现有技术， including repurposing existing technology,
比如国家气象局的雷达系统， like the National Weather Service's radar system,
称为NEXRAD—— called NEXRAD--
遍布美国的雷达站。 radar stations that are found throughout the U.S.
这些传感器应该能探测到 So those same sensors should be able to see
是否有物体以超高速度 if an object comes whizzing through
飞过。 at an extraordinary velocity.
它应该能捕捉到这类现象。 It should be able to pick up that type of thing.
这只是我们可以重新利用的 That's just one example of the type of networks
用于UAP研究的网络之一。 that we could repurpose for U.A.P. research.
天文学家阿维·勒布 Astronomer Avi Loeb
采取了另一种方法，通过新颖方式 is taking a different approach, collecting more data
收集更多数据。 in a novel way.
我们刚刚在哈佛大学 We just constructed
建造了一座天文台。 an observatory at Harvard University.
我们正在监测飞过头顶的物体， We are monitoring objects that fly overhead
并试图理解它们。 and trying to make sense of them.
这套仪器组合 This collection of instruments
是哈佛大学“伽利略计划”的一部分。 is part of Harvard's Galileo Project.
“伽利略计划” The Galileo Project
正在开发多个站点， is developing several sites
分布在不同 that are spread across
地理区域， a geographical region,
每个站点都配备了一套传感器阵列—— where each site has an array of sensors--
光学相机、 optical cameras,
红外成像仪。 infrared images.
还有从次声到超声的音频设备。 There's audio from infrasound to ultrasound.
还有雷达。 There's radar.
这是一套广泛的仪器阵列， It's a wide array of instruments
用于持续观测天空， to basically look at the sky all the time
以发现任何异常现象。 to, to see if you find any anomalies.
有些仪器的名字颇具外星风格， Some instruments have otherworldly names,
比如这台叫“戴立克”， like this one called Dalek,
源自《神秘博士》系列中 after the cyborg aliens
的赛博格外星人。 featured in the "Doctor Who" series.
“戴立克”内部 Inside Dalek,
装有八台红外相机。 there are eight infrared cameras.
窗户后面还有一台相机。 Behind the window, there is a camera.
它们相互重叠。 They overlap.
因此，它们能完整捕捉 And so, they get the full picture
整个天空的红外图像。 of the entire sky at all times, in the infrared.
当主相机阵列 When something of interest
识别到感兴趣的目标时， is identified by the main set of cameras,
我们会对其进行变焦追踪， we zoom on it in the sky,
这台相机可以移动 and this is the camera that can move around
并自动对准目标， and look at the object of interest,
基于我们开发的计算机系统。 automatically, based on the computer system that we develop.
想象一下，如果有一台相机对准天空， You can imagine, if you have a camera pointing overhead,
你会看到许多可识别的物体。 you're going to see a lot of things that are identifiable.
所以他们使用机器学习， So they use machine learning,
也就是人们说的人工智能， what people call artificial intelligence,
来识别已知物体， that can recognize the knowns,
比如鸟类、飞机、 recognize the birds, the airplanes,
气球、树叶， the balloons, leaves,
所有已知的东西， all the known things,
然后过滤掉它们， and sort of reject those, filter them out,
剩下的就是异常现象。 and then what you're left with is the anomalies.
剩下的就是你无法理解、 You're left with the things that you cannot understand,
无法识别的东西。 the things you can't identify.
就在我们说话的此刻， And as we speak right now,
我们正被记录着。 we are being recorded.
到目前为止，这座天文台已运行了 So far, we have been operating this observatory
几个月，我们观测到 for several months, and we saw
数十万天空中的物体。 hundreds of thousands of objects in the sky.
没有一个是异常的。 None of them appears to be anomalous.
但即使百万分之一的概率 But even if one in a million
来自地球之外， came from outside of this Earth,
那对人类来说也是重大新闻， that would be big news to humanity
并将改变我们的未来。 and will change our future.
这正是推动我科研的动力。 And that's what drives my science.
无论如何， One way or another,
我们能为这场讨论 the more data we're, we're able to bring
带来的数据越多， into this conversation, the more we're
就越接近真相。 going to be able to get to the truth.
瑞安·格雷夫斯正尝试收集 Ryan Graves is trying to collect data
他的飞行员同行的数据， his fellow pilots,
包括军方和商业飞行员。 military and commercial.
但有个问题。 But there's a problem.
由于UFO话题的禁忌， They're hesitant to share their experiences
他们不愿分享经历。 because of the taboo surrounding U.F.Os.
他们觉得报告不自在， They don't feel comfortable reporting
因为担心可能会面临 because of that fear that there could be
雇主方的职业影响， professional repercussions at their employer,
航空公司同行的社交压力， social repercussions with their peers at the airline,
因为对话会立刻转向： because the conversation immediately jumps to,
“又没证据证明是外星人。 "Well, there's no proof there's extraterrestrials.
跨越宇宙来这儿根本不可能。” You couldn't travel across the universe to get here."
然后就是“打住打住”。 And it's, like, "Whoa, whoa, whoa."
飞行员看到的是天空中 Pilots are seeing things that are in the sky
他们无法理解的物体， that they don't understand what they are
且存在安全隐患。 and are posing safety risks.
对话应该止步于此。 That's where the conversation needs to stop.
然后探讨：这不仅是航空安全隐患， And hey, is this not only an aviation safety risk,
是否还可能威胁国家安全？ but is this a potential national security risk?
我曾询问飞行员 So, I was asking pilots
是否遇到过UAP， whether they have encountered the U.A.P.,
他们对此非常谨慎。 and they were very cagey about it.
航空与太空心理学家伊娅·怀特利 Aviation and space psychologist Iya Whiteley
正与瑞安合作研究， is working with Ryan, conducting research
探讨这种对UAP目击事件的沉默 to find out if this reluctance to talk
是否会影响飞行员的工作专注度， about U.A.P. sightings also impacts a pilot's ability
从而引发安全问题。 to focus on the job,
creating a safety issue.
当飞行员看到异常时， When the pilot's seeing something,
我希望确保他们能坦然报告， I want to make sure that they're comfortable speaking about it,
否则这会占据 because it then occupies
他们的精力、注意力和专注力， their capacity and focus and attention,
影响实际飞行操作。 and takes them away from actually flying.
如果你试图忽略远处不明物体， If you're trying to ignore something unidentified
大脑仍在不断想着： in the distance, your mind is still thinking,
“别想它，别想它。 "I'm not thinking about it, I'm not thinking about it.
别想它，别想它。” I'm not thinking about it, I'm not thinking about it."
结果反而忽略了该注意的东西。 And now they don't see what they need to be seeing.
你刚才问到关于 You were just asking about
视觉线索的问题... 是的。 visual cues... Yes.
...以及什么会吸引你的注意力。 ...and what attracts your attention.
动态物体最能吸引注意力。 Movement is what attracts your attention.
商业飞行员们目睹的某些物体 Commercial pilots have been seeing objects that have been
令他们深感不安。 causing them some serious consternation.
没人会希望 I don't think anyone would like
自己乘坐航班的飞行员 their pilot flying their aircraft
在降落过程中 to have an existential crisis
陷入存在主义危机。 as they're flying their aircraft and coming in for a landing.
我们能解释的案例越多， The more cases we can explain,
干扰因素就越少。 the less distraction there's going to be.
如果确实存在真实威胁 And if there is actually any real threat
或实际问题， or any real issue out there,
我们就能集中精力应对， then we can focus in on that
排除无关干扰。 without all this extra noise.
还有另一种方式 And there's another way
可以收集更多数据—— we can collect more data--
借助公众的力量。 with a little help from the public.
看起来它们是在横向移动。 So, it would seem like they're going sideways.
在曼哈顿下东区的 In the Lower East Side of Manhattan,
Enigma实验室里， at Enigma Labs,
一群软件设计师和UFO爱好者正在开发 a staff of software designers and U.F.O. enthusiasts are
首款众包型应用程序。 developing a first-of-its-kind crowdsourcing app.
我们的目标 The goal is really
是让人们能聚集起来 to bring people together
分享他们的UAP经历 to share their U.A.P. experiences
和目击事件。 and their sightings.
如果人们没有 You know, if people don't have
讨论这些话题 a place to talk about this
或报告见闻的渠道， or report what they're seeing,
他们会感到非常孤独， I think they can feel really lonely,
甚至被孤立， and, and feel very isolated,
而实际上存在着庞大的群体 when, in reality, this is a huge community of people
他们本应能 who should be able
找到地方交流所见所闻。 to come somewhere and talk about what they're seeing.
我们正在收集目击报告。 So, we're collecting sighting reports.
收到很多星链和SpaceX火箭的视频。 We get a lot of Starlink and Space X rocket videos.
但同时也有人提交了 But at the same time, people are submitting things
无法解释的现象。 that cannot be explained.
这次有个视频我看不明白。 This time, I've got one that I can't figure out.
也许你能帮我看看。 Maybe you can help me out.
这个很有意思。 This is really cool.
有个光点飘过来， Just this light comes floating in,
然后悬停，等等—— and then it hovers, but wait.
这团光斑是什么？ But what is, what is this blob of light here?
它是缓慢降落的？对。 It came down slowly, right? Yeah.
那些是烟花吧？ Those are fireworks, I'd say, right?
很可能是烟花。 Those are probably fireworks.
可能是烟雾升腾...嗯。 Probably smoke rising up from... Mm-hmm.
- 还有上升的烟雾 - 嗯 - And smoke rising up. - Mm-hmm.
但接下来会更诡异。 But in just a second, it will get weirder.
什么？这不奇怪吗？ What? Isn't that weird?
它在变亮。越来越亮。 Oh, it's getting brighter. It gets brighter and brighter, yeah.
对，持续变亮。 Yeah, it keeps getting brighter.
是一道宽光束。 And it's a broad beam of light.
所以不是星星。 So it's not a star.
你觉得可能是无人机吗？ So what do you think about, maybe, drone?
但看它多静止啊。 But, I mean, look how still it is.
没有闪烁的灯光。 It doesn't have blinking lights.
看起来不像 I mean, it doesn't
无人机。 look like a drone.
我们快进一下。 So let's fast-forward a little.
它上升了一点。 Oh, it went up a little bit, okay.
在上升，在上升。 It's rising up, it's rising up.
对。 Yeah.
然后逐渐变暗。 So it kind of gets dimmer.
摄像机是固定的—— And I'm watching the cam-- the camera's not moving.
它上升时摄像机... And it rises up-- the camera's...
它又升上去了。对... And it's rising back up. Yeah, it...
这个很特别。 This is a good one.
我不知道，无法解释。 I don't know, I don't know what that is.
这类应用程序不仅为公众 Apps like this provide the public
提供了分享见闻的平台， with a place to share their sightings,
未来还可能成为科学家 but could one day be a source of data
研究的数据来源。 for scientists to study.
我们不仅依赖"你看到了什么"， We're not relying just on, "Did you see something?"
还要求手机进行测量记录。 We're asking your cell phone to make a measurement.
它会记录 It's going to record
手机在地球上的位置， the position of the phone on the planet,
因为我们都有GPS， because we all have GPSes in it,
而且内置指南针 and, because it has a little compass in it,
还能确定观测方向。 it will also tell us what direction we're looking at.
因此我们能用真实数据 So we can actually do scientific experiments
进行科学实验， with actual data,
因为现代手机 because our modern cell phones are so good now
具备强大的数据记录功能。 at recording numbers.
数据越多越好。 The more data, the better.
目击事件越多， The more sightings,
越多人关注 the more eyes we get on,
真正异常的现象， on something that's truly anomalous,
我们就越接近 the closer we get
回答这个核心问题： to maybe answering that question:
"这究竟是什么？" "What is it?"
亚历克斯·迪特里希亲身体会到 Alex Dietrich has learned from firsthand experience
对许多人而言，仅有数据远远不够。 that for many people, data alone is not enough.
这个话题极具争议性， The topic is so charged,
因为存在太多阴谋论， because there are so many conspiracies,
而且... and it's such a...
当你说出"UFO"时 You know, it does something to people's brains
会影响人们的思维。 when you say "U.F.O."
在科罗拉多大学博尔德分校， At the University of Colorado Boulder,
亚历克斯正试图改变这种状况。 Alex is trying to change that.
这是我当时戴的头盔。 So, this is the helmet that I was wearing.
你可以试着戴上... You're welcome to try to put it...
...通过自身经历 ...using her experience
教导学生如何 as a way to teach students
区分事实与虚构。 how to separate fact from fiction.
关于UFO我们知道什么？ What is it about U.F.Os.?
如何确认这些信息？ What do we know?
And how do we know it?
我发现有些学生 What I find is that some of my students
深陷Reddit的讨论漩涡， have been going down those Reddit thread rabbit holes,
被煽动性标题 working themselves up into a lather
和点击诱饵内容搞得激动不已。 with salacious headlines for content and clickbait.
阅读UFO相关文章时， If you're reading an article about U.F.Os.,
我们应该如何甄别信息来源？ what do we look for when we are looking at our sources?
我希望他们今后 I hope they will be
能更审慎地对待媒体信息， more discerning when they consume media
学会质疑 going forward, that they will question
所获信息的来源。 where the information that they're getting comes from.
因为我希望倡导 Because I want to advocate
大家都能深呼吸冷静下来 for us to all take a deep breath
以批判性思维的视角 and to come to this subject
来看待这个话题。 with a lens of critical thinking.
各位，批判性思维啊。 Critical thinking, people.
让我们都... Let's all...
都运用批判性思维。 Let's all apply critical thinking.
这让我们回到 And that brings us back
那个价值百万的问题—— to the million-dollar questions--
这可能是外星技术吗？ could this be extraterrestrial technology?
一艘太空飞船需要具备什么条件 What would it take for a spacecraft
才能从遥远的世界抵达地球？ to come from a distant world?
当今研究UAP时 A very important question
我们必须思考的关键问题是 that we need to be asking today
即使存在先进的外星文明 when investigating U.A.P. is whether or not,
它们是否真的具备 even if there are advanced alien civilizations out there,
抵达地球的技术能力。 if they have the means to actually reach us.
三，二，一... Three, two, one...
想想看： Consider this.
人类发射的最快航天器之一 One of the fastest spacecrafts ever launched,
NASA的新视野号 NASA's New Horizons,
耗时9年5个月才抵达30亿英里外的冥王星 took nine years and five months to reach Pluto,
three billion miles away.
要到达最近的 Getting to the closest star system
可能存在生命的恒星系统 with a planet that might harbor life
这个小航天器需要 would take that tiny spacecraft
惊人的8万年。 a whopping 80,000 years.
宇宙浩瀚得难以想象。 The universe is so unfathomably large.
银河系有上千亿颗恒星 There's a hundred billion stars in our Milky Way,
可观测宇宙中 and there's a hundred billion galaxies
有上千亿个星系。 in the observable universe.
恒星数量达到10的22次方—— That's ten to the 22-- one with 22 zeros on it--
1后面跟着22个零—— with the number of stars,
而恒星之间的距离 and the distances between stars
遥远得难以想象。 is incredibly vast.
我尚未看到任何 I have not seen any evidence
外星造访的证据。 that we have been visited.
但依然值得寻找证据 I think it's still worth looking for evidence,
因为我们无法断然证明 because we can't conclusively demonstrate
从未被造访过。 that we have not been visited.
银河系存在时间的一半里 Half of the timescale the galaxy has, has existed,
地球都还不存在。 there was no planet Earth.
其他星球有充足时间演化生命 So that's plenty of time for life to have evolved
并发展出科技文明。 and technological life to have developed on another planet.
答案是： The answer is,
获取更多数据。 get more data.
我们需要海量数据。 We need much, much more data.
而要获取更多数据 And the way you're going to get more data
就需要更多观测天空的眼睛。 is that you're going to have more eyes on the sky.
UFO现象数十年来 U.F.Os. have been
一直存在于我们的文化中。 a part of our culture for decades.
它们引发无数好奇 They've been the subject of curiosity,
却很少成为 but rarely the subject
严肃科学研究的对象。 of serious scientific investigation.
但这种情况正在改变。 But that is changing.
我认为关键是要 I think it's critical
保持开放心态，不轻易否定 to be open-minded, don't be dismissive,
像优秀科学家那样追寻数据。 and search for the data, like any good scientist.
重要的是我们不仅要收集 What I think is important
目击者陈述 is that we are collecting more than just
更要配备合适的硬件设备 the eyewitness accounts, but that we also have
来观测当下和未来 the right hardware in place
可能出现的现象 for things that will be seen today, tomorrow,
而不是坐在这里... so that we don't sit here and...
...争论二十年前 ...bicker about,
发生的陈年旧事。 about what happened 20 years ago.