Hi, everyone. This section will illustrate 大家好，本节将讲述
the effective business writing process into five steps, 商务写作中的五个步骤，
namely, preparing（构思准备）, formatting（格式设计）, 分别是：构思准备、格式设计、
organizing（内容组织）, drafting（完成草稿）and revising（修改校对）. 内容组织、完成草稿和修改校对。
Step 1, preparing. 步骤1：构思准备。
Preparing to write is as important as writing itself. 构思准备与写作本身一样重要。
It involves three key factors: 它涉及三个关键因素︰
the objective（目标）, the reader（读者受众） and the scope of writing（写作范围）. 目标、 读者和写作的范围。
The objective is the purpose of writing. 目标即写作目的。
It needs to be specific and detailed. 它需要非常具体和详细。
The reader of a written business document may range widely 商务文档的读者范围很广，
from a colleague in the company to a customer in the market, 可以从公司同事到市场客户，
or from a housewife to the president. 从家庭主妇到总统。
A careful reader analysis is helpful 仔细地分析读者需求
to achieve the writing objective. 有利于实现写作目的，
It also determines the scope of the writing task. 同时还能确定写作的范围。
The writing task refers to the type and amount of information 而写作任务就是指能够让读者理解
for the reader to understand the objective. 写作意图的文档类型以及信息，
It should be based on who the reader is 它应基于读者是谁
and what relationship lies between the reader and the writing topic. 以及读者与主题之间的关系。
Step 2, formatting. 步骤2: 格式设计。
Formatting refers to choosing 格式设计是指选择
the best format or layout for the document. 最好的文档格式或布局。
It involves, first, choosing the right presentation of the document（选择正确的文档形式）, 首先，选择正确的文档形式；
and second, making the document more readable（让文章通俗易懂）. 其次，使文档更通俗易懂。
The former results in a physical look 前者决定了文档的一种外观形式
that makes one type of document different from another. 以区别于其它文档。
The latter involves selecting the correct fonts, 后者涉及到选择正确的字体、
spaces and margins, etc. 空间、 边距等。
To achieve a good format, 为了设计一个好的格式，
one of the easiest ways is 最简单的方法之一是
to follow the reader’s writing style 跟从读者的写作风格，
which is especially true in writing a response. 尤其是在给读者写回复时。
Step 3, organizing. 步骤3：内容组织。
Organizing involves gathering information（收集信息）, 内容组织包括收集信息、
sorting details（整理细节）, and making outlines（列出大纲）. 整理细节，和列出大纲。
It is a good habit to take notes 从其他人那里或可用的文档
while gathering information from other people, 或互联网上收集信息时
from available documents, or from the Internet. 做好记录，这是一个好习惯。
The notes then can be grouped according to common information. 然后根据常用信息将记录进行分组。
Business readers can’t waste time 商务文章读者不能浪费时间
reading unnecessary details. 读不必要的细节。
After organizing the outline 大纲列好后将进入下一步——
will guide the next step of drafting. 完成草稿。
Step 4 is drafting. 步骤4：完成草稿，
Drafting is the actual writing of the business document. 即商务文件的实际写作。
It is also considered as the most difficult step. 它也是被认为最难的一步。
All the writer has to do now is 作者现在所需做的就是将细节
to fill in the outline with details. 填写进上述所列的大纲。
The following are some practical drafting tips: 以下是一些实用的建议︰
Start where you feel the most comfortable. 从你觉得最自如的地方开始落笔，
Don’t worry about possible mistakes. 别担心可能出现的错误。
Focus on the ideas you want to present. 专注于你想要表达的想法。
Review your outline or consult your co-workers 在写的时候，可以审查你的大纲
as you work. 或请教你的同事们。
Don’t feel frustrated 如果你暂时一个字都想不出来，
if you can’t come up with any words for the moment. 不要感到沮丧。
Even the most experienced writers 即使是最有经验的作家
sometimes suffer from this. 有时也会遇到这个问题。
It won’t be a problem 只要你做了充分的写作准备，
as long as you have made a good preparation. 这就不成问题。
Step 5 is revising. 步骤5：修改校对。
Revising turns the draft into the finished product. 修改校对将草稿变成最后的成品。
Besides the editing（编辑） and the proofreading（校对） concerns the language and format, 除了编辑和校对相关语言和格式外，
checking the overall tone（检查整体基调） is also necessary. 检查整体基调也是必要的。
If time permits, 如果时间允许，
an effective way of revising is to “put away” 修订的有效途径是"储存"
or “set aside” the draft and return to it 或"搁置"草稿并以一个
with a fresh perspective. 新的视角返回到文章中。
Another tip is to read the draft 另一个秘诀是从读者的角度
from the reader’s point of view. 来阅读草稿。
The easiest revision is 最简单的修订是将
to go through a pre-designed checklist of questions 预先所列的格式、 语言
concerning the format, language and tone. 和语气这一系列问题过一遍。
Besides working alone, 除了独自完成，
the writer may also seek advice from colleagues. 作者也可以从同事那儿寻求意见。