现在 Thomas Tresham先生无缘看到这座建筑完工了 Now, Sir Thomas Tresham never lived to see the building completed.
他早在1605年就去世了 He died early in 1605.
工期暂停到1605年的时候 天主教的阴谋被发现了 Work stopped, and then, later in 1605, the Catholic plot,
就是为大家所知的火药阴谋 which has come to be known as the Gunpowder Plot, was discovered.
他的儿子卷入其中 被关进城堡 His son was involved, thrown into the Tower,
在数年后也去世了 and also died later that year.
这座建筑便成了无主之所 And this building stood unattended,
400年间不曾改变 and it's been untouched for 400 years -
其中破落的花园也被人轻视 and the garden that we look down on was ploughed up,
树木放任自由地生长 也渐渐消失了 trees grew on it, and it disappeared, too...
直到最近 until recently.
最近人们发现了花园的蛛丝马迹 Very recently, clues have been discovered
揭示了17世纪Thomas Tresham先生的花园是何种模样 that reveal what Thomas Tresham's garden of 1600 may have looked like.
国民托管组织的Mark Bradshaw Mark Bradshaw from the National Trust
发现了其中隐藏的宗教密码和象征 has found that hidden religious codes and symbols
并不仅限于建筑 weren't only confined to the buildings.
所以我们来到了这里 Tresham的房子所在处 So, we've arrived at the site, here, of Tresham's house.
考古学方面的研究表明 Archaeological research indicates that from the house,
Tresham和他的宾客自房子开始 Tresham and his guests would have walked up
走过一系列七级阶梯 through a series of seven terraces,
象征着圣母玛利亚的七悲 symbolising the seven sorrows of the Virgin Mary.
然后他们会到达一片果林 They would then have arrived at an orchard,
这里最近按照原有的栽植穴重新修复了 which has recently been restored using the original planting holes.
你知道这里最令我吃惊的地方是哪里吗? Do you know what amazes me about this?
我难以想象这个花园有如此的规模 I had no idea that gardens were being made on such a scale.
它非常宏伟 不是么? This is grand, isn't it?
这里有超过306株树木 25个不同品种 There's over 306 trees, 25 different varieties,
从梅、李到苹果、梨 from damsons and gage and plums, to apples and pears...
还有樱桃的林荫道 avenue of cherries.
这是展示的园艺 This is statement gardening,
显示了财富 匠心 还有获取这些品种的能力 showing wealth, ingenuity, ability to obtain these varieties,
把它们带进自己的花园 用来展示 bring them into your garden - to show off.
知道本世纪初 Until the beginning of this century,
我们相信Lyveden花园仍有一部分被破坏了 it was believed that the rest of Lyveden's garden
不可挽回的遗失了 had been ploughed up and irretrievably lost,
但一个新的线索显示了它的一个显著特征 but a fresh clue has revealed a remarkable feature
这个特征隐藏了400多年 that lay hidden for 400 years.
这是一个航拍照片 This is an aerial photograph
在2003年我们在美国马里兰得到的 that in 2003 we obtained
是的 from Maryland in the US. Right.
这是1940年二战时德国空军所拍摄的照片 It's an aerial photograph taken by the German Luftwaffe
我们在这里那里徘徊 in the 1940s, and we're standing around about here -
看着今天看起来像空地的这块土地 and where we're looking out over looks like an open field today
但是你可以 我可以看到 but can you...? I can see...
那我开始阅读了? Am I reading this right?
这看起来像 That what we're looking at is...
一个迷宫? ..a labyrinth?
我们看到这幅图的时候 Your heart must have almost stopped beating
你的心脏都要停止跳动了吧 when you saw that picture. Oh!
我们拥有早些时候的航空照片 We'd had earlier aerial photographs,
我们从未发现这些细节 and we'd just never picked up that sort of detail,
但是这灯光 拍摄那天的 but the light...that the day this photograph was taken... Yeah.
在那个年代 ..the time of year,
刚好捕获了地表的某些细微变化 just captured what are very subtle changes in ground level.
好了 发现了这个 Well, having discovered this,
在你们都坐下来 平静下来之后 and after you had all sat down and got your breath back... Yeah!
要做什么? ..what did you do?
按照照片 我们用割草机开始开拓这条道路 Literally, we came in with mowers and started cutting the path -
尽可能精确地表现 as accurately as possible to this representation...
我们持续数年的切割 and we've continued cutting that over the last number of years.
在很多16到17世纪的花园里 Labyrinths were a popular feature
迷宫是一个流行的特征 in many gardens of the 16th and early 17th centuries.
Tresham的迷宫超过一英里长度 Tresham's labyrinth was over a mile in length,
作为冥想的表现被设计 用于行走 and designed to be walked as an act of contemplation,
这段旅程代表着天主教中从生通往天堂 the journey representing the tortuous but true path of the Catholic
曲折但正确的道路 through life and on to heaven.
找到的信件显示出 Letters have been found that reveal
Tresham在这些他称之为他的圆形种植地 that Tresham lined what he called his circular beds -
而我们所熟知的称之为迷宫 but which we now know to be a labyrinth -
中种满了白玫瑰和覆盆子 with white roses and raspberry plants.
覆盆子象征着基督的血液 The raspberries would have symbolised the blood of Christ,
玫瑰象征着圣母玛利亚的纯洁 the roses the purity of the Virgin Mary.
现在在航空照片和割草机的帮助下 Now, with the help of an aerial photograph and a lawnmower,
我们可以复原Tresham400岁的表达信仰的园艺 we can once again reveal Tresham's 400-year-old
horticultural expression of faith.
这是关于隐藏的信息吸引人的深刻理解 It's a fascinating insight into the hidden messages
深藏于这些花园的外表下 that lie below the surface of these gardens.
迷宫明示暗示了一些线索 Lyveden has revealed and hinted at some of the clues
关于17世纪的秘密 to the secrets of the 17th century garden,
但我现在渴望发现更多 but I'm now keen to discover more.
所以我来到了伦敦市中心的迷宫博物馆 So I've come to the Lindley Library in central London,
皇家园艺学会所在地 where the Royal Horticultural Society
他们拥有一些关于英国园林的早期印刷的书籍 holds some of the earliest books published on the British garden -
马上我就就认识到 and straight away I realise
我低估了那个时代的好的记录 that I have underestimated what good records there are from this period.
虽然经历了中世纪很多年的黑暗 This is the period that is like the Dark Ages in many ways -
但早期并不是 but clearly it's not.
除非你可以翻到一次文献 在书中 It's not if you can turn to primary sources, to books.
而依据在地上留下的这些 没有 In terms of what's left on the ground, it is. Nothing.
没有任何东西 There's nothing... Nothing.
但幸运的是 那个时期正经历了印刷业的大爆炸 ..but luckily it's the time when there's an explosion in printing,
出版物的数量激增 an explosion in publishing. Yeah.
档案保管员Fiona Davidson The archivist Fiona Davidson
在这些印刷物中找到了一些宝石 has selected some gems from this burst of publishing
他告诉我们大量的信息 that tell us a huge amount about our 17th century forebears'
关于我们17世纪的先人和他们的植物和园林间的关系 relationship with their plants and gardens.
它们都是美丽的事物 是吧? And they're beautiful objects, too. Aren't they lovely?
这里这本是什么书? What's this book, here?
园艺大师们的迷宫 The Gardeners Labyrinth,
常被引证为在英国最初流行的园艺书籍 which is often quoted as being the first popular gardening book
这是一个很好开始之处 什么时候写的? in English, so it's a good place to start. When was it written?
这个版本是1586年 It was written - this copy is 1586.
有着非常华丽的外形 And there is a very ornate patterned form.
这里怎么回事? Mm. What's going on there?
这是结纹园的设计者们 So, these are the designs for the knot gardens,
你可以在这里找到不少 and you'll find there are quite a few of them.
这像一个迷宫 And that's like a labyrinth. Mm.
嗯 缠绕着 用百里香或其他药草的绿篱修剪而成 So, entwined, elaborate hedges made out of thyme, or herbs of any kind -
应该是灌木绿篱 而不是低的树篱 maybe box, but low hedges. Mm.
这里是园艺师们用来考虑 These were there for the gardener to look at
并得到一些灵感 and get some inspiration from -
但如果你继续看书 接下来 它更为实用 but if you look at the book along... Yeah. ..next, it gets more practical,
因为这里给你展示如何设置小块的弦 because this is showing you how to lay out bits of string
为了计算出你的平方 立刻得出你的尺寸 in order to calculate your square and get your dimensions right.
它们使用如此精妙复杂的形式用意何在? What was the reason they were using these very elaborate forms?
嗯 我想想 Well, we think... Mm.
这和我们想控制自然有关系 ..that it's to do with having control over nature
还有显示出 and showing that you've got...
这是一种创造的模式和计划 There's a pattern and a plan to creation,
我们做好了 我们创造了图案 and you've made it - you've built that pattern... Yeah.
所以你们已经证明了 ..so you've demonstrated
你们理解了复杂性 that you've got an understanding of complexity,
也得到了控制力 but you've also got control.
你得到了控制力 这是上帝的光芒 是的 You've got control - and it is to the glory of God. Mm-hm. Yes.
试着不同寻常 Just get this out of the way...
像Tresham的迷宫 使用图案表现秩序 Like Tresham's labyrinth, using patterns to reflect order
是一种传达宗教信息的方式 was one method to communicate religious messages -
但还有另一种形式 but there was also another way.
这是更为详细的插画页 This is the rather elaborate frontispiece,
这是Eden的花园 and it's the garden of Eden,
这个理念是上帝是个园丁 this idea of God as a gardener,
创造就像花园一样 and Creation as a garden. Mm.
这些事你的天堂里种植的美丽植物 These are the beautiful plants for your paradise garden.
但对它的哪方面真的有兴趣 But what's really interesting about it
是这些混合的植物中你能认出哪些 is the mixture of plants that you'd recognise...
我看看 郁金香 菠萝 Well, I can see, tulip, pineapple...
这是新世界的植物 So, these are plants of the New World, as well.
是的 这里还有百合 仙人掌 Yeah - there's a lily. Cactus, as well.
这是什么 在历史上的这个时刻 And what's that? At this moment in history,
这是科学探索和神话传说并行的年代 it's the mix between exploration and mythology,
因为这是鞑靼羊肉 because this is the Tartary lamb -
这代表着神秘的东方 it's this idea that somewhere in the mysterious East
种植一株向上生长射出的植物 grew a plant that sent up a shoot,
在射出的尖端一个小羊生长出来 and at the end of the shoot a little lamb grew,
然后到处吃 and then would eat its way around -
知道将地上部分像脐带一样用绳拴住 still tethered like an umbilical cord to the shoot -
当它耗尽草地时就会死亡 and then it would run out of grass and it would die.
人们相信它们 People believed in them,
因为其他奇观一直被发现 because other wonders were being discovered all the time.
所以为什么不呢? So why not that?
在那个科学认识之前的时代 In the age before scientific understanding,
十分显然宗教象征在花园设计中有着重要的角色 it's clear that religious symbolism played a key role in garden design -
但是Eden园林的理想化图像 but the idealised image of a Garden of Eden
与显而易见的贪心相结合 combined with sheer greed
并且人们发疯地取得新的外来植物 also drove what became a frenzy to acquire new and exotic plants.
毫无疑问 There's no question that tulips
郁金香是17世纪最重要的植物 were the most important plant in the 17th century.
人们对它们着迷 People became obsessed by them -
在1630年代 特别是在荷兰 and in the 1630s, particularly in Holland,
郁金香热造成了最初的经济泡沫和信贷危机 tulip mania was the first case of a bubble and a credit crunch,
因为人们注意到这些种球 because people noticed that these bulbs,
新从土耳其的奥斯曼帝国引进 newly imported from the Ottoman Empire, in Turkey,
引领了纯色花朵的潮流 had a tendency to go from a plain flower
在接下来的年代出现了有条纹的品种 to one that the following year would appear streaked,
出现了新的颜色 and flushed with colour,
这些神奇的现象 我们称之为突破 and these apparitions - what we now call breaking -
受人钦佩 富有价值 were admired, and held to be valuable,