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the human digestive system the esophagus
and the stomach objectives to explain
the movement of food in the esophagus to
describe the process of digestion in the
stomach the process of digestion begins
inside the mouth the teeth break down
the food into smaller particles it then
gets mixed with the saliva in the mouth
to form a slurry mass called bolus as
the food is swallowed the soft palate
blocks the upper throat called the
pharynx which prevents the entry of food
into the nasal cavity when the food
passes over the epiglottis which is a
flap like structure which prevents the
entry of food into the trachea it pushes
down the epiglottis the food then enters
the food pipe or esophagus which
connects the pharynx to the stomach and
is gently pushed down to the stomach by
wave-like muscle contractions and
relaxations
known as peristalsis
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when the food enters the stomach a
j-shaped bag like structure mucus
hydrochloric acid and digestive juices
that are present in the stomach
act on the food to help digest it
through chemical action the mucous
membrane protects the inner wall of the
stomach from the effects of the acid
the hydrochloric acid kills the bacteria
that enter along with the food and also
helps in the digestion of proteins the
digestive juices start breaking down the
proteins present in the food into
simpler forms muscular contractions in
the stomach churn this food mass to
further break it down and mix it with
secretions in the stomach to form a
thick liquid this thick liquid is called
chyme the chyme exits the stomach
through peristaltic movements and enters
the small intestine where most of the
digestion occurs to summarize the
muscles of the esophagus gently push the
food down to the stomach by wave-like
muscle contractions known as peristalsis
the stomach cells secrete mucus
hydrochloric acid and digestive juices
that help digest food through chemical
action digestive juices break down
proteins into simpler forms
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