你好 Hi,
我叫里克·金蒂尔 是相控阵系统工具箱的产品经理 My name is Rick Gentile on the product manager for the phased array system Tool box.
我想告诉你 生成雷达数据立方体是多么容易 I want to show you how easy it is to generate a radar data cube.
使用相控阵系统工具箱中的Matt Lab Using Matt Lab in the phased array system toolbox,
你可以找到雷达的详细描述 You can find a good description of the radar.
马克理查兹的数据立方体和雷达信号处理基础 Data cube and fundamentals of radar signal processing by Mark Richards.
在这本书中 In this book,
他描述了雷达数据立方体是一种方便的方法来表示在空间和时间上逐样本建立的雷达接收信号集合 He describes the radar Data cube is a convenient way to represent a collection of received radar signals built up sample by sample in space and time.
马上 At once,
接收到的数据将放入此数据多维数据集格式 The received data is put into this data cube format.
各种信号处理技术可以用来提高目标的回报率 Various signal processing techniques can be used to enhance the target returns,
从数据中提取距离速度和方位信息 An extract range speed and bearing information from the data.
这些技术包括脉冲压缩算法 These techniques include algorithms such as pulse compression,
多普勒处理和正在形成 Doppler processing and being forming,
所以建立一个雷达数据立方体需要一些东西 So to build up a radar data Cube will need a few things.
我们先从目标反射的单个脉冲开始 We'll start with a single pulse that is reflected off the target.
接收到的数据及时采样 The received data is sampled in time,
样本可以用来计算目标的距离 The samples can be used to calculate the distance of the target.
这些时间样本有时被称为范围箱 These time samples are sometimes called range bins.
它们构成数据立方体的y轴 They make up the Y axis of the data cube.
这被称为快速时间维度 This is referred to as the fast time dimension,
因为采样率有时会很高 从几十兆赫到10兆赫或更高 Because the sampling rate can sometimes be pretty high from the tens of megahertz to ten Gigahertz or higher.
单个雷达目标的反射通常会被收集在一束接收单元中 A single radar target reflection will often be collected in a ray of receive elements.
这些元素中的每一个组成了单独的通道 Each one of these elements makes up individual channel,
它构成了图中雷达数据立方体的X维 Which makes up the X dimension of the radar data Cube in the figure.
特别是像这样对接收到的信号进行采样 我们就能确定目标的方位 Especially sampling the received signals like this will allow us to determine the bearing of the target.
如果我们使用像在到达方向形成这样的算法 If we use algorithms like being forming in direction of arrival.
估计 Estimation.
你可能在一个选定的方向上以一种叫做脉冲的速率发射和接收多个脉冲 You might be transmitting and receiving multiple pulses in a selected direction at a rate called the Pulse,
重复频率 Repetition Frequency,
脉冲集合的时基有时被称为相干处理间隔 The time base for a collection of pulses is sometimes called the coherent processing interval,
这将是一个比距离门采样低得多的速率 And this will be a much lower rate than the range gate sampling.
所以1到10千赫兹的脉冲重复频率是一个典型的范围 So pulse repetition frequencies of one to ten kilo hertz would be a typical range.
这是雷达数据立方体的维度 This is the dimension of the radar data Cube.
它有时被称为慢时间维度 It is sometimes called a slow time dimension.
从这组数据中获得的信息可以用来确定目标的速度 The information you get from this collection of data is something you can use to determine the speed of the target.
让我们看看如何在我的实验室里做到这一点 Let's take a look at how we can do this in my lab.
好 啊 OK,
我们会发现相对容易产生脉冲波形 We'll see that it's relatively easy to generate pulse wave forms,
反射脉搏 Reflect the pulse,
寻找目标并将接收到的信号收集到雷达数据立方体中 Sought the target and collect the received signals into the radar data cube.
这是我们可以用来建立自己的雷达数据立方体的Mat实验室代码 I here's the Mat lab code that we can use to build our own radar data cube.
我们来看看相控阵系统工具箱 We'll take a look at some phase array system toolbox,
可用于创建目标的函数和系统对象 Functions and system objects that can be used to create a target.
以每秒150米的速度行驶30公里 At a thirty kilometers distance in one hundred and fifty metres per second speed.
现在这里有另一个相控阵系统工具箱对象 我们可以用来创建一个八元素阵列 Now there's another phased array system toolbox object here that we can use to create an eight element array,
所以我们的数据立方体将有八个接收通道 So our data cube will have eight received channels.
这是我们的路线表 Here's our way form,
它是一个扫频调频脉冲 占空比为10% Which is a swept FM pulse with a ten per cent duty cycle.
你可以看到 You could see.
此波的采样率 The sample rate for this wave.
形式是一兆赫 Form is one megahertz,
prf是1千赫兹 And the prf is one kilo Hertz.
这意味着将有上千个样品游行是脉冲 This means there will be a thousand samples parade are pulse.
这将构成我们雷达数据立方体的时间维度 This will make up the time dimension of our radar data cube.
我将运行这段代码 您将看到它需要大约40行代码 I'll run this piece of code and you'll see it takes about forty lines of code.
我们在垫子上做的实验 What we've created on the Mat lab objects,
在马特实验室工作区的窗口可以看到 Which can be seen in Matt Lab workspace window over here.
这些物体将用来模拟和生成我们的雷达数据立方体 These are the objects will use to simulate and generate our radar data cube.
现在雷达数据立方体的实际生成只需要大约15行代码 Now the actual generation of the radar data cube only takes about fifteen lines of code.
你可以在模拟回路中看到 这里有三个两个脉冲 You can see it in the simulation loop here that there are the three two pulses.
这是这里显示的循环大小 This is the size of the loop shown right here.
这个环路产生雷达脉冲 更新目标位置 传播我们产生的脉冲 反射出目标并传播回雷达 This loop generates the radar pulse and updates the target position and propagates the pulse we generated and reflects off the target and propagates back to the radar.
尽管所有这些回报都是收集的 Though all of these returns are collected,
它们实际上是在雷达里收集的 They are actually collected right here in the radar.
此时可以组装数据多维数据集 Data cube can be assembled at this point.
当我运行这段代码时 When I run this piece of code,
我制作了雷达数据立方体 I produced my radar data cube.
我们可以看到雷达数据立方体的尺寸 We could see over here that the dimension of the radar data cube.
在这里 Is here,
还有一些复杂的I Q样本是在数组和维度上收集的 或者是一千次 And there are complex I Q samples that are collected at the array and the dimensions or a thousand times.
八个样品通过三十二个脉冲接收元素 Samples by eight receive elements by thirty two pulses.
这是一个一天接收到的信号的曲线图 它可以引导整个三十二个脉冲 And this is a plot of a signal received for one day to channel for the entire thirty two pulsation.
现在您可能认为第一个模拟是一个小数据立方体 Now you might think that the first simulation was a small data cube.
所以让我们稍微增加一点复杂度 So let's increase the complexity a little bit.
下一个例子 This next example,
不是只有一个目标 Instead of having one target,
我们将有20个随机位置和速度的目标 We're going to have twenty targets with random positions and velocity.
我接收到的光线将一百二十一个元素安装在一个球体的表面 I receive a ray will be one hundred and twenty one elements mounted on the surface of a sphere.
也 Also,
我们把波形的带宽从一兆赫增加到了二十兆赫 We've increased our bandwidth of the wave form from one megahertz of twenty megahertz.
给我们更多的解决方案 To give us additional resolution.
与前面的示例相比 初始化代码多了几行 The initialization is a few more lines of code than our previous example.
您可以在这里看到我们在这个图中的阵列几何图形 You can see the array geometry that we have in this plot here.
您还可以看到构建此数据多维数据集的循环与前面的示例相同 You can also see the loop to build this data Cube is identical to the previous example.
唯一的区别是 我们为rcs传递的值和位置是向量 而不是为单个目标传递的单个值 The only difference is that the values that we pass in for the rcs and the positions are vectors instead of just a single value for for a single target.
我继续执行这段代码 I'll go ahead and execute this code.
要生成新的数据立方体 To generate our new data cube,
我们可以看到新数据立方体的维度是跨越一百二十一个接收元素的两万个时间样本 We can see the dimensions of the new data Cube is twenty thousand time samples across a hundred and twenty one receive elements,
32个脉冲是生长的维度 And thirty two pulses are the dimensions of grown.
但如果你对我们如何处理雷达数据立方体来确定距离速度和方位感兴趣的话 现在仍然很容易生成 But it's still easy to generate now if you're interested in how we can process a radar data cube to determine the range speed and bearing from this data Cube,
请注意部分 Please watch part.
其中两个记录标题处理雷达数据立方体 Two of this recording title processing the radar data Cube.
您可以在我们的网站上的相控阵系统工具箱产品页面上找到 You can find this on our website at the phased array system Toolbox product page.
非常感谢你抽出时间 Thank you very much for your time.