on
a yeah
the program you're about to see the history of the British pre-show
it raises the early origins are preaching
through to the formalization our current system the early 19th century
by Sir Robert Peel much of the film you will see is not been shown before
its main increase our country coach not been seen by the general public
you will see peace officers dealing with tremendous social deprivation
Victorian child you'll see them getting a severe
public disorder and some major crime
what you'll see throughout the film police officers
policing by consent serving the community for doing that all
but above all I think at the end this film leaving you
a clear understanding why you british researchers
to come along its reputation the finest
the world
over a thousand years ago
anglo-saxon kings ruled over Britain and expected the people to keep good order
which the cold keeping the peace
citizens were responsible for seeing that the law was not broken
and if it was to catch the offenders themselves
or they risk receiving a fine
in time it became the duty of every three citizen
to take his turn as a local parish constable serving per year
the position was unpaid and he was expected to combine his ordinary work as
best he could
he had no uniform but carried unofficial start of office
the duties were not popular and often unpleasant
with the constable having little chance to do is normal job properly
over the years the population increased and communities grew larger
so that policing even at a local level required constant attention
consequently well-to-do citizens with trades or businesses
began to pay others to take over their policing duties
in 1663
the city London began to employ paid watchman to got the streets at night
these men came to be nicknamed
charlie's possibly after the sophomore but I'm
child's the second
the type of equipment they carried included a rattle
lampton and to stop which provided that only form of self defense
the tiny sums paid to them attracted men who were Golden Week
nevertheless never probably the most effective night police
anywhere in the country until the end of the 18th century
in 1748
Henry Fielding became chief magistrate for Westminster
with his office in BOS Street near Covent Garden
he realized that London needed a more permanent and efficient force
the local constables and recruited 6
householders to serve as constables for more than the usual term
a one-year
miss still had no uniform but they were paid the salary for working full time
and became known as the Bo Street runners
Henry and his blind half-brother John who later took over his work
began a lifetime campaign to police London properly
as the Industrial Revolution transformed England from a rule to an industrial
country
thousands of people left the countryside to look for work
and towns like Birmingham Manchester grew at a staggering rate
enormous numbers could not find employment
and lived in the most appalling slums with no protection
by a welfare system it was an atmosphere
but bread crime
one of the greatest areas for theft in London
was the River Thames with merchant ships laden with expensive cargoes
constantly loading and unloading at warehouses in the docs
Riverside workers and organized gangs were responsible for a colossal losses
a sea captain named John Harriet and the London magistrate
Patrick could whom devised a scheme for policing the river
and persuaded merchants to pay for marine
police force which started operating in 1798
the 60 or so salaried officers well bombed with couples is for self defense
and operated from rowing boats
this soon became a respected law keeping force
I grew to be the largest regular professional police force at the time
joining the Metropolitan Police in 1839
the success of the river police
encourage the growth of the Bo Street police and the bow Street hospitals
were revived in 1805 in a typically British Way
both Parliament and people distrusted the idea
I love a uniform professional police force
and resisted any such move because of the threat to individual freedom
but attitudes was soon compelled to change
a great period of social unrest
enveloped the country and culminated in the number of severe riots
in 1819 a trooper human re
charged a peaceful mass meeting of 60,000 weaver's
in San Petersfield in Manchester killing 11
and wounding over 500
when rioting occurred local authorities called in the army
who are not train to cope with Ryan's and crowd control
the p2 massacre as it came to be known
help to accelerate the process of change towards the introduction
have a professional police force
Sir Robert Peel a skillful politician
became Home Secretary in 1822
and carefully made police reforms without arousing
the public sphere intimidation
he believed in crime prevention rather than relying on punishment as a
deterrent
in 1829 legislation was passed by Parliament
to establish the Metropolitan Police in London
a single force for an area roughly within a circle of seven miles
from the center love London Colonel Charles Rome
and Richard main became joint commission was with the headquarters
in four Whitehall place gnome
a Scotland Yard
the police constables war deliberately civilian style
top hats and blue swallow tail copes
and carried wouldn't run shins and the rattle which they use to raise the alarm
and call for help
cold the new police
they also gain the nicknames of peelers
and bobby pins after peeled
recruits to the new force had to be under thirty-five years a page
be in good health and strong and be at least
5 feet 7 inches tall SP you wanted his force
to be a really good buddy love men the Bobby
was to be calm quiet and determined
as well as bold when he had to be but above all he had to learn to keep his
temper
however much he was provoked
every recruit joined at the rank of Constable
and promotion would only be given to those who earned it
from the beginning the police force was a great success
but it took time for the public to accept the idea
and many brutal attacks were made against policemen
reform was not limited to London however
other towns such as Manchester and Cardiff what actively forming the own
police forces
what are the pioneers cities for the introduction of professional police
was Glasgow which is a claim to being the oldest police force in Britain
having paid policemen as early as 1800
in Ireland Dublin and Belfast had formed Tom police forces
by 1787 and in the same year
the Borromeo police began operating a body untrained
part-time police over most rule island
the Constabulary active 1822
established a centrally controlled professional police force
which developed into the Constabulary over island
and then into the roil Irish Constabulary
in 18 67 becoming the model for a number of colonial police forces
throughout the world when the government changed the way towns and boroughs were
governed in the eighteen thirties
they made it compulsory
for every local authority to provide a professional police force
some setup forces on the London model but many rural areas were reluctant to
meet the expense
inspectors were appointed to visit every force and assess the standards
to see if they would qualify for a government grant to help me
the cost
the lifestyle of the Victorian policeman was particularly harsh
and the pay it was poor about the same as a farm labourer
well though it was better in some city forces a constable would work to a
system
ships which would mean six or seven hours on days
evenings on nights but to 1868
he work seven days a week with no arrests which meant that many men became
too ill to work
he walked
his beat patrolling the streets all lanes
and meeting up with his beats sergeant at pre-arranged points
which was a kind of clocking in system the rule
policemen was assigned to a village and a special house was provided for lodging
they tended to integrate better within the community
and became trusted and popular however
the low pay tended to attract unskilled and uneducated people
and the public image of the average police constable was a worthy but rather
sick must applaud a major problem at the time was drunkenness
amongst the public and the police themselves
many of the original peelers were dismissed within 10 years
for being drunk on duty as well as arresting drunks
the constable had to cope with all manner of public duties
including fighting fires breaking up fights
petty felony as well a serious crime
the new police tended to be essentially
peeps captures not detectives and they were often hindered by their uniform
which had to be warm even when off duty and contains some divers
regional variations Essex a
obviously I'm proud of their traditions this uniform has to do with the No
the scene of should a late Victorian period now that's a campaign which was a
French top hat but a working hatch for the place
whereas ceremony occasions I do want helmets and you ninety-some
the color I'm wearing their crowns all ranks for crowns it had nothing to do
with the modern practice
the superintendent using crown comes to all had the same grounds
position specter and this is an expectation phone
Glasgow police appointed an officer to perform
plainclothes duties early in the nineteenth century
and by 1887 the Glasgow detective department
was considered to be the best in the country
in 1842 commissioners road in Maine started a detective department at
Scotland Yard
initially with two inspectors and six sergeants
revelations abundant corruption led to a shakeup at the force in 1878
and the detective branch was renamed the Criminal Investigation Department
or c.id as it's commonly known
by the end of the century they had a strength about
eight hundred men to assist the detective
said Edward Henry assistant commissioner of the Metropolitan Police
setup the fingerprint section at New Scotland Yard
which became home of the national collection soon exceeding some
seventy thousand prints by 1904
newspapers had reported at this pope new weapon
in the fight against crime a tool which is still Lytle
today although there was some spectacular successes for the Caid
the branch was bitterly criticized for its failure to catch the notorious
killer
jack the ripper
one major hindrance in catching criminals
was that many forces suffered from a lack of transport
police as a rule wall upwards
of twenty miles a day in some cases probably the first police vehicles were
horse-drawn prison times which were known
as black Mariah's after Mariah Lee you but giant Boston Nigris
whose size and strength was such that whenever there was trouble constable
sent for her
too much people off to the cells
in 1903 the Metropolitan Police acquired 270 ha of course by walls Lee
touring cars for use by the Commissioner
and other officers on
on
gradually cars were introduced into some Constabulary's
and in 1909 policemen were allowed to use bicycles
to enable them to get about on
this was the beginning well the new a Juve police mobility
at
communication was a new era of innovation
no 1910 so the first use a wireless radio
to trap a criminal doctor crippling who murdered his wife
no telephones also became more commonly used
and police phone boxes were built so that officers could quickly get in touch
with the station
no by the nineteen twenties some police cars are equipped
with radio and in 1926 the Metropolitan Police Eide
we're using two-way wireless systems for communication between stations
the during the first decade of the 20th century
it became obvious to luminaries such as Sir Edward Henry
by then commissioner of the Metropolitan Police that policemen would need
training
for the increasingly complex nature of their work
even from the last century police forces had been expected to train the own
recruits
know there is no evidence that much training was ever given
the Royal Irish Constabulary
was a pioneer in this field with special education
and training classes starting as early as 1899
by 1907 peel house training school was opened in london
to train recruits in all the areas of police work
another social problem that affected policing at the time
was the woman's suffrage movement which was becoming
increasingly militant it
after chaining themselves to railings to get attention the turn to smashing
windows
setting fire to pillar box whose and even
bomb attacks on
a particular violent episode in the history of British policing
was the famous Sydney Street siege
of 1911 bomb detectives arrived at number one hundred Sydney Street
in the East End looking for three amicus who had already killed three policemen
a gunbattle began which involved with over 1000 oMG troops and police
the home secretary winston churchill had called for reinforcements
which included Scots Guards from the time out London who arrived with the
maxim gun
and a contingent to Royal Horse Artillery came with 2:13 pounders
the anarchists appeared unharmed until just after noon
when some smoke appeared from the chimney on the house
they were firing from the fire brigade was called
but mister churchill refused to allow them to intervene on
the house burned down I'm and afterwards tune charred bodies were recovered
but one of the men Peter the painter was believed to have somehow
escaped good
the problems the police faced changed abruptly with the advent of the first
world war in 1914 the as the war progressed Bowl police forces suffered a
loss
experience man who joined the armed forces that
avoid was filled by special constables
unpaid volunteers who perform many of the dangerous tasks
that ordinary policemen took for granted the Special Constabulary
was a mom with the police which originally was only called upon
in times have dire emergency under the command of Sir Edward warned
a large force a specials was gathered to help on the home front
during 1914 tasks included godding vital installations
stopping anti-german riots directing traffic
and even Manning anti-aircraft defenses against
zeppelin raids the specials perform their duties superbly
and after the war a special bob was struck
to be warm on the Special Constabulary long service medal
bearing the words the Great War 1914
18 it was also a time when women came forward
in their millions to fill the gaps in the factories
and other industries and to do their bit for the war effort
women volunteered to take the place of policemen
in some of the biggest cities by 1916
they were small number of full-time policewoman
ok the suffragettes applied to become special constables
and under the leadership have margaret Damon Dawson
the woman's police volunteers was formed there
their intention was to show just how useful women could be
if they prove their worth during wartime the authorities would not be able to
refuse them
equality afterwards another body
known as the National Union the women workers organize patrols to watch
women's interests
at military camps railway stations and anywhere else
well licentious soldiers were likely to gather
it was not until 1919 that the Metropolitan Police women patrol
was finally established as a branch at New Scotland Yard
I'll I think the mime difficult to was the fact that them
the most who had no power arrest and so if they wanted to
arrest anyone they had to go and find policemen which made things are
difficult
and also they had no transient to defend themselves with
so that to the a the idea was that they'd probably be taken of them and be
stuck with themselves
they had no representation from the Police Federation who refuse to
recognize them
not until after the second world war for England Wales
I'm and they had that they had to resign or marriage
in 1923 women in London
was sworn in as constables and given the power of arrest
outside London
some provincial forces also took women into the force
at an early stage such as booking had and the Morgan
the effective the first world war did nothing to stop the dissatisfaction
the police had over the issue of wages
during the course of the First World War the cost of living
doubled but police pay stayed as low as ever
trade unionism was on the increase generally
but the force was not allowed to trade union so consequently
a strike was called on the 30th of August 1918
although the wall was still taking place no traffic chaos was avoided
thanks to bus and taxi drivers who did point duty
during the rush-hour and prisoners were even taken to court
taxes instead a black mariah has the demand for a union was denied
however they did receive promises a better pay
pensions and children's allowances list second strike took place
July 1999 which led to serious crimes being committed in Liverpool
one man was killed when troops open fire
to control looting the outcome of the striking was that the union was not
allowed by the Police Federation was committed
and pay was increased by about thirty percent with it
the status and public image of the police grew
the various striking incidents
highlighted the usefulness of horses and crowd control
and in the nineteen twenties amount to training school was opened in
Imber Court in East Moses sorry
this was on the initiative love tenant colonel re:
who joined the senior ranks at New Scotland Yard
after military service in the cavalry the
horses have been affected with the bow Street horse patrols
and against the chopped its rioters and several forces
had initiated mounted branches in nineteen hundred
the chief constable at Manchester had sought permission to establish
a mounted unit and Manchester also developed a role for a mounted special
constable
at a time of great shortage regular officers
as well as helping to quell rioting
the police horse was used to supervise traffic
and as a symbol of authority good in 1923
an event captivated the public imagination
improve the effectiveness a mounted officers
the FA Cup final between Bolton Wanderers in West Ham
attracted 200,000 fans to Wembley and the ground soon became dangerously
overcrowded for crowds climb turnstiles and boundary walls
spilling onto the pitch and making play impossible
well organized as were afraid of a riot
we're about to cancel the match when PC George Khoury
on his white horse together with other Mounted Police
averted a disaster by dispersing the invaders
off the pitch and back to the stands and surrounding areas
boat and won the cup to nothing quit the police strike
still a recent memory for many the police were faced with the overwhelming
task
policing the general strike in 1926
the strike began on May the third
after the Trade Union Congress decided to back the minors in this strike
against pay cuts can longer working hours a state of emergency was declared
when the two you see called a strike on the nation's vital services
then London Aloha some 60,000 special constables
were enrolled to help they were mainly volunteers
the came from the middle classes students X officers
and retired manages who saw the strike as a threat
there was not the expected violence but in some areas
the police were obliged to make baton charges and make arrests
the way instances of small numbers a police patrolling in all kinds of
private vehicles and police sitting beside bus drivers
themselves volunteers protecting them from violent attacks
by strikers in 1930
police technology was becoming increasingly sophisticated
in the bid to stop crime the information room
at New Scotland Yard which was opened in 1934
thanks to commissioner more trench odd was now
fully operational similar information rooms
was set up by many other large forces throughout the country
and they became clearinghouses for important information
on specific areas regional transmitters were also constructed
all over the country so that while it's cause could patrol
in direct communication with the station in 1937
the 999 emergency system was introduced in London
which cut police response time two incidents dramatically run
the receiving end up to 999 call speeding up the login prime
a new information from the deal with emergency calls it opened up there was
cut on ya by saddam not by
the Mishnah Metropolitan Police demonstrating the new system
get a 999 call does being made the woman has spotted
has backers I'm place but they got that but it was meant to make you know
will be applied and been broken into the result of all this new technology
was that police time was not wasted than their response time to get two incidents
was much quicker
bus solving and stopping more crime
No
the use of motor vehicles became indispensable to police work
not only for traffic duties but also for general mobility
that the catch the AWD criminal you could make a quick getaway
in his own transport police vehicles began to be fitted with fire bells
which the police called gongs to warn the public up their presence
when answering an emergency call efficiency have met with girls will not
be judged by the number of convictions
we will be judged by the effectiveness
a man I'm in which we carry out our duties the overnight hap
a bullish signal that what will be your weekend
only a random and in an emergency
the
automated traffic signals pedestrian crossings
the Highway Code Ann overtaking lines on roads
all introduced the majority of police drivers were not qualified to advise
about driving techniques
what able to uphold the traffic regulations
in addition the accident rate for police vehicles was particularly high
on it was evident that police drivers
needed to have excellent driving skills and in 1934
commissioner of the Metropolitan Police law trench odd
opened the Hendon driving school the her love Cottenham
and some Malcolm Campbell to the most famous racing drivers have the time
were appointed a civilian advisers
their knowledge was passed on to police drivers for many years
by 1933
they're almost three million unemployed
one in four of the working population
one politician who developed his own solution to the severe
economic crisis was sup Oswald Mosley
whose use a violence during meetings in much is
was deliberately provocative billionaire shown to the world
dynamic you here which is revitalized NH
Hitler under German movement now have the opportunity
to emulate record keeper
he blamed the subsequent disorder on
jus and communist well-read
agitators from the getter
the factory which became a familiar element in Mosley's British Union of
fascists demonstrations
resulted in greater police control over demonstrations
and the cabinet rushing through a public water bill
which gave the police power to ban political demonstrations
likely to cause disorder they hadn't Police College
was founded by Lord trench odd in 1934
to deal with all aspects of Police Training from those joining the force
to those wishing to specialize within it one of the center's
opened at this time was the c.id training school than a detective every
day
this is the outboard aimed at by the hand and detective tom
highbrow today in a detective training goes to the identification of suspects
with only a description for retirement
in the school special attention goes to my brain and muscle coordination
as part of Scotland Yard's master plan for combating the prime way
me to the way to tackle an on-demand the right
no
a man I'm rushing at that time and look to easing
but Ryan it always works trainee detectives went into the classroom to
learn the tricks of the trade
like spotting the counterfeit Korean made by the most professional
fraudsters and how to use the most up-to-date fingerprint techniques
for identification of criminals ballistics was also by now an everyday
part of the anti-crime routine
with the discovery that a fire a bullet identifies the weapon from which it is
discharged
carrying thats own telltale sign that can be spotted
under a microscope many other hand them
is the world's most murder model in every test case
she planted an obscure spots with well hidden clues
a student detectives are brought in to collect the evidence and the experience
Diana Detective Inspector
here's how it goes you can listen to the doctor right away
kinda want to talk with Prime and send a message to the superintendent
and I want to look around here was a mistake like mobile unit of we couldn't
I'm
do
the discovery of the footprint of a man who struck home and in town
calls for the taking a plaster cast after an initial spraying
plaster pat is it part into the depression left to happen
it picks up every detail of the murderer shoe way
okay
physicist analyst apologist serologist damn the expert in ballistics
allied with the 20 part of pollen is on the detective these as on the arms
against the mall maker
detective Superintendent Rundle put it this way
training and a good perception
backed by modern signed put out when I came to
applicable
bat hendon trench art also instituted
a police forensic science laboratory in the same year
captain Apple stand pockets Chief Constable at Nottingham City Police
established a larger and in many ways
a better equipped laboratory for his force in Nottingham
with the advent of the second world war in 1939
those police who did not immediately inlets for service
being trained in pay rate precautions civil evacuation from attacks on cities
anti gas grills and specialized first aid
by mid-summer 1940
and in spite of a state of war all kinds of crimes
became common a new ones came into existence
such as the huge black market in ration goods
the police worked alongside the fire and ambulance services in helping the
injured from the enemy raids
and catching looters took advantage of the situation
to profit from others misery
this specials once again played a very important role
not only petroleum godding vulnerable targets
but assisting rescue operations and aging
anti looting protrudes the Follow reserves can take over their full duties
they must brush up that training
a policeman best
always be courteous he must never lose his temper
by black demand for the background
have a round Greg
by now I am going to be the driver
other more to come what is the first question
who is the registered owner of this vehicle bike ride
it must never be assumed that the driver it also Leona
present in the tempo to walk weakens more than ever the people come to the
police station to pick up that what is and personal problems
of not just had that my husband is a prisoner of war we don't get how I could
on the sample Pakistan you want quick and simple
yes madam I said
good
it's a lot of a into go
it's a good thing I have a serious with us got a pop from numerous other awards
the first
George Cross was awarded to a special constable serving
in Coventry police
perform great backs of gallantry and self-sacrifice
during the war years with 293 George medals
being awarded two men and women within both provincial regions
and the Metropolitan force tens
a training school for London's police dog does that mean by saddam not but
Commissioner Metropolitan Police
at West wake up then a convention to repent for a stop people wrecked
three who recently arrested oMG map a demonstration followed man put his whole
grow up to help to prevent crime were put through their paces
that's the law dogs have been making up for the shortage of manpower
idea about the day they make backup go
that the end of the war in 1945
many of Britain's vital services which included the police force
found themselves lacking in manpower it was for this reason
that a year later the Metropolitan Police set up the first
properly organized dog section their usefulness in a wide variety of policing
duties
had been known for many years and in 1954
the Met opened the first police dog training school on
the mail Alsatian soon proved itself
as being the most suitable dog for policing needs with its all-round
abilities have skilled
speed and agility don't know only 19 and 20 puppies
show the temperament and physical requirements
for the initial 13-week training course which they begin
when their one-year-old me no
you guy right
goal let me remind you
becoming a dog handler is an equally difficult job but
requiring hard work on a 24-hour commitment you have proof just sell
the dogs are trained to be potentially dangerous and it is essential that the
handlers can stop them with their voice
and keep up with the eight stone dog straining on their arms while running
through woods and climbing over fences
but no but the ideal dog handler in the eyes are many forces
is a mature officer with several years service
married but the family and a home which is spacious
and secure enough to prevent problems with the neighbors
bringing a dog up in a family atmosphere is all part of the training
teaching the social skills necessary for dealing with people
in the streets during the police dogs usual eight-year period of service
he will often stay with the same handler and the bombed built up between the two
can become very great indeed No
another important area of policing that benefited from advances made during the
second world war
was the development River policing and in 1948
the Thames River police celebrated the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary
light
a hundred and fifty years ago the Thames River police force was small and I love
this dog occasion
no time pattern to review what stage and the handsome battles over the delivery
companies what a decorative feature
not that departed tape those days are long ago
when the bank is wrong with the use and roads and plunder with the aim at the
mall
they were times up to which disturb the peaceful life without father kept but in
1800
they knew how to deal with offenders some disruption was soon taken to Tustin
low regional police forces
over the years have learned to adapt to the specific problems have that own
regions
such as the by StuffIt police in Essex
in the early part of the century the River police divisions amalgamated
emerge resources
over the years so that now there are approximately
10 marine police forces throughout the country
would be
the power for today's police boats is provided by two large diesel engines
capable of propelling the launch along with 20 knots
that's 25 miles per hour no
the books are equipped with the latest technology in the areas of communication
radon a navigational aids no and provide a watch 24 hours a day
would bet in the early days one important duty is to combat the pope
bring up cargoes from ships in waters
they check can maintain a register
a bowl marino's keep an up-to-date lost and stolen marine
index and gather intelligence on boats
and that donors yeah
the marine police today but in close work in contact with customs and excise
because God and other police Marine sections
on they don't pop no Dhabi arrive for the negativity centenary celebrations
now the famous racecourse the Bobby over 100 years ago came back tonight a good
will be running reading ahead like that today I'm a grand parade through the
ages making 39 to 1939
in to be interesting said I'm in the late forties
police uniforms started to be modernized
tunics with dog collar became v-neck
in the modern collar and tie it was introduced this changeover
took some forces to the late fifties to complete
and numerous alterations for both male and female officers
have occurred since the policeman's number which had been on the cholera the
high neck jacket
was moved to the epithet one recent change in uniform has been that
officers no longer have to wear a coat or tunic
went out on patrol they may wear shirt sleeves
korda for the police to distinguish themselves from
other services the Scottish Police as early as 1932
came up with the idea the black and white
checkered hat but I'm no this works surprisingly well in with the
amalgamations in the late sixties
an early seventies was adopted by the police in England and Wales
I'm cool the City of London police
has kept its only treasured entity with the red and white
dice bat
go
it
the woman police constables uniform has changed considerably over the years
it in 1968
a new uniform design by Norman Hartnell was widely worn
though some forces like the Cheshire Constabulary did not provide a police
woman with uniforms
until the seventies and hot hats were not warned by police women
until the mid-eighties on a
local taste remained a key to helmet design well into the sixties
since then Constabulary's have adapted either the Centurion Ridge
all the standard helmet although there was some
innovations tried out and helmet design that didn't quite
take off
grim reminder overnight up tell when a great floods ravage landmark month
August
at the memorial notice body marking the spot but two Australian go over the vote
was swept away
together with the house so much placed a limit today is a proud village
as three policemen received decorations for outstanding bravery
the British Empire medal for police constable stand up a bit
all within some to the west that number speaks up his award
I would like to say I'm very pleased and proud I am to
received the British Empire medal I'm not as I'd like to feel that
this it's getting to me Monday how probably numerous other people did
splendid work I'm not hopeful night and a young village policeman that a Copa
has named the dog medal hello up to saving time live the honor the George
medal
will be bestowed upon me I do deal with a very very great honour that
myself i'm for the death and every and police forces
as a whole with brother have a look at the situation
after the explosion at a high yield nuclear weapon the direction of allowed
has become about football
the
well
and civil defense was still an issue in the sixties
despite the end of the second world war two decades earlier
the acceleration of the arms race through the fifties
was a direct response to the new hazard of nuclear
conflict the resulting cold war between eastern US led to the Home Office
setting up a number of specialist organisations train for dealing with the
abdomen
for the nuclear attack one national scheme that developed was the
organization
over police move I'll column formed around the pool unit
specialist vehicles exercises were developed in which
officers living under military conditions learned how to rebuild vital
transport
and communication links organized a movement to blotch group of people
wasp all the time staying self sufficient
on
no
in nineteen seventy women police constables were finally fully integrated
into the Police Service before them woman police were still
organized in a separate section cold the police women's department
there mainly social work duties included picking up missing girls
and being sent out to deal with female offenders so that if the woman was found
shoplifting
a policewoman would deal with the arrest women police
did night patrol work and club areas to prevent young girls getting into trouble
sometimes though alone to the cide all uniformed branch
the specialist aspect of the police woman's work
was not so rigid when she was out patrolling the streets and like a male
counterpart
she would have then to deal with anything that came along the pike
this year I D was taking on some women prior to integration
training them alongside the men and some detective duties
women have also shown great bravery they have performed E coli work to capture a
violent criminals
and amongst many George medals have been awarded to the police
over the years constable moderate Clelland was a recipient in 1968
she stood when a high roof top for over an hour
talking to a man who threatened to jump off with his child in his arms
on
the
world
when integration arrived in 1970
the police woman's department was abolished and the term
woman police constable WPC introduced
WPC is would not be trained in the same way as men
and do the same sort of jobs notes
policewoman idea is a responsible for a wide range of police work
although it is still difficult to get into the more macho departments
women can be seen on the front line that violent demonstrations
go
and some are trained to use firearms and worked with
bomb response units the risks involved in police work
have proved fatal for both men and women
in 1984 WPC Yvonne Fletcher
were shot dead while on duty outside the Libyan people's Bureau in London herb
and unhappy was left on the pavement
as a poignant reminder of the dangers involved in policing
and the courage of those who assume such an occupation
want you
pay-as-you-go parking has come to London's West End and the parliamentary
Under Secretary to the Ministry of Transport mister new dump
said the new parking meters scheme an operation on
in guys in six months and he's free to stay Avalon
no by the beginning of the nineteen sixties
police forces we're having to devote an increasing amount of time to the
problems
caused by the growth in traffic it
there had been a general increase in traffic after the second world war
which encourage most forces to set up their own special traffic department
I from the late forties a popular motorcycle
so police patrol work was the fellow set which quickly became known as the Mahdi
bike
conserve the policemen to the late 1960s
the
the fast growth of Britain's motorway networks in the fifties and sixties
led to the requirement a more powerful vehicles
formed into units that often breach several
neighboring Constabulary's No
no to keep up with the fast-moving traffic
police constantly had to update their transportation
I'm Ford Zephyr state cars were converted to carry a full range of
equipment
used at the scene of an accident and this trend
constantly updating patrol cars has become
an ongoing concern long speed in this case in the fight against crime
police chiefs all over Britain are watching with great interest the
tournament by Sussex Constabulary
with a problem for transmitting messages maps and photographs
director patrolled so politics but ok I will be equipped with a second
their hand-written messages left to the car for information
back in the control room a photograph of the suspect is fed into the transmitter
the other with other relevant details this job goes over the air to the
waiting patrolman
this
the advances in police mobility together with breakthroughs in communication
started to revolutionize the nature of policing
in the fifties and sixties the introduction
up personal radio communication meant that for the first time the policemen on
the street
was in constant contact with the station and could be available to respond to an
emergency
at any given moment constable great unit 6a but you decide I'm
knocks and bumps in receiving reporting on duty Sydney Road anything for me
mister stanton 37 I'm happy new
collected up from the station bilko I should be down the primary school about
eleven o'clock
see facing anything about my move the telescope the pre-arranged beep at me
the constable was followed could be abandoned and replaced by a
discretionary beat
no the new personal radios known as back phones
and the new police panda cars completely changed the face of policing
no in the late sixties the new system known as
unit beats policing was introduced and involve the formation
of small well equipped units policing small sections
within a stations area a constable
who patrol with his backbone in conjunction with the police car
a quick with two-way radio they allowed an officer to travel quickly from one
part of his patch to another
then there was an experiment with putting all police in the Commons
but it was a dismal failure no at a stroke
the close contact between the police and public
was destroyed as the officer became totally
isolated from the community he served by the mid-seventies many of the old foot
patrols were reintroduced
in an effort to forge better relationships with the public during the
nineties
the Met went one step better and experimented with the
reintroduction a bobby is on bicycles this development was as much a result to
London's growing traffic problems
as it was a response to the need for increased community relationships
the crime was becoming more sophisticated in the sixties
the great train robbery of 1963
was the biggest coal ever taken in britain at the time
that a Royal Mail van was stopped by a fake
red track signal at a secluded spot in Buckinghamshire
and Emily 20 minutes the gang took 120 mail bags
holding two and a half million pounds and banknotes
which were on their way to being destroyed they left few clues for the
police
go from one brown glove used to block out a green light
and four large torch battery is which lit up the red stop signal
good
not far away the now notorious legislate farm
had been hired in which the gang counted and divided the Saxon money
the flying squad was brought in to assist officers from London
Buckinghamshire
and a sophisticated police operation led to the eventual capture
but many gang members the
on
in 1966 the nation was shocked
by the violent shooting of three policemen in Shepherds Bush
Christopher head and David one bull
was shocked plus approaching suspected
underworld gang members they had been following PC Geoffrey Fox
was shot as he sat at the steering wheel abuse please calm
in front have a group of young children who had been playing in the streets
then government got I'm not gonna get a car so it wouldn't go blood groups like
the whole
the shot man who was already down through the hat what happen and go ahead
this enough but we don't think I'm going shopping push up demand
cock he had no time to radio to base
but before he died he managed to scribble the registration number
well the gangs com in his notebook good
days later and among its considerable media attention the funerals took place
attended by officers from his daughter is all over the country
such was the shock and concern the killings provoke within the police
service
their support units
I an increasingly important part to the modern-day Police Service
get the use of helicopters for patrol work have been established since the
sixties
the 1963
Oxford City Police started to develop an unusual system a policing
with the introduction although very special member of the force
the Bangko the flying police dog
was specially trained to apprehend criminals but avoided
the conventional methods of police chase without even having to land
dang cool would be released from the specially constructed kennel
a managed to surprise to many I'm unsuspecting criminal
a Regional Police were experimenting with helicopter patrols though the
motorways
as early as 1964 no they made up a vital part of the new Traffic Division
introduced to manage the growing network of motorways in this country
go forces such as Devon and Cornwall
where there are large in often inhospitable areas to cover
helicopters I'm now an essential part of police equipment
the modern police helicopters can respond to incidents very quickly
such as surveying ongoing public order situations
and a quick for such work with a system known as hell eat any
which can broadcast high quality pictures good like a
go today's helicopters can travel at great speed
and a very useful in the pursuit of stolen vehicles girl
this area crime has seen a massive increase in numbers over the past few
years
with over 600,000 stolen cars in 1992
and only one-third of these recovered for another problem which the police
face
with this new epidemic is the increased amount to teenagers and young offenders
stealing cars only one on the moment joy riding
as it is more popularly known has led the police to develop a new Ranger
tactics to confront this extremely dangerous trend
old traffic departments have developed special training to respond to emergency
police work
which involves pursuit driving selected drivers chosen for their skill
a train to drive the more powerful cars and the higher speed ranges in
situations
where it is necessary to exceed national speed limits
of paramount importance is avoiding accidents
and not putting the public at risk but OK
got a break the merger which sections of police forces
a highly trained to deal with the free flow of traffic the reporting that
serious incidents
the examination of vehicles with defects and the supervision of drivers
for this is a section of the Police Service
were Constabulary boundaries may have to be crossed
and each force cooperates fully with the other
in the interests the motorway safety threatened
for graduation twenty Craig
in 1969
British troops were deployed in northern ireland
of two weeks furious sectarian fighting it
police use dahmer water cannons and tear gas
to disperse the crowds quit writing continued
causing several deaths and hundreds of injuries
good
the situation has improved enormously since the beginning of the troubles
when it was decided that the Royal Ulster Constabulary itself
was an important cause of tension on
as a result of this it was disarmed leaving the
balmy to take over its right to control duties
this recommendation was accepted been largely
implemented but in 1971 when the current IRA campaign led to terrorist attacks
on policemen authority was given for the carrying the weapons
for personal protection no
the establishment of the are you see has since increased
on several occasions because of the continuing terrorist campaign
and there are now eight and a half thousand regular police officers
supported by about 5,000 reserve officers
the difficulty and danger to the IU she's Toscan serving the community
in the face of continuing terrorist violence
is reflected in the hundreds of officers who've received awards for gallantry
No
no between 1969
in 1992 286 members
have been killed and seven thousand injured
as a result of the security situation in northern ireland
the
the seventies saw some of the worst terrorist activity by the IRA
on mainland britain the century and this put the police
under tremendous pressure to get results along with explosions at tourist
attractions like but I love London
well one woman was killed and several schoolchildren horrendously maimed
the mid-seventies is infamous for the IRA bombings over pubs in gilford
and Birmingham which were full of young people 22 a film
lost their lives and almost 200 was seriously injured
the balkans treats each in 1975
was a result but intensive anti-terrorist operation
in central London 4 IRA gunman were cornered
in a first-floor flat in Baulkham Street where they were holding
a couple hostage the police immediately set up intensive surveillance activity
as the special patrol group along with officers from
d11 firearms consolidated their positions around the flat
to discourage any plans have an escape dogs were kept within hearing distance
of the terrorists
and incited to Bach TV monitors were used to observe Bowl key areas
and the balcony was watched day and night by c7
special equipment unit in a ground floor kitchen
members have c3 photographic also kept
but constant observation silent drills which could penetrate walls at one inch
per hour
well used to insert sound and video probes
from the adjacent flat in an attempt to improve surveillance
of the activity in the hostages lounge all
items lowered into the flat work carefully positioned
to force the terrorist to handle them as much as possible
in an attempt to obtain fingerprints for a dent the cation
after six days a skillful negotiations
the terrorist surrendered and bloodshed was avoided
since the seventies IRA terrorism
has continued to test police resources on one day
1982 terrace made to fatal attacks on the British Army in London
about 100 people were enjoying a lunchtime concert in Regent's Park
on a time bomb planted under the floor the bandstand
exploded killing six members of the Royal green jackets military band
and injuring many others two hours earlier
a car bomb parked in Hyde Park sent hundreds of nails across the road as a
detachment of the Household Cavalry
pass by on horseback two soldiers were killed
and many wounded but the murderous hail and seven horses
was so badly hurt that they had to be destroyed
and
the police continue to pick up the pieces in April 1993
the City of London was blown apart by a huge by IRA bomb
for the second time that year IRA terrorists drove it to but truck
loaded with explosives into the heart of the capital and then
successfully detonated the causing damage
estimated at $500 million pounds I'm
after the second outrage the City of London police force
stepped-up anti terrorist activity by setting up permanent
the vehicle checkpoints inside the square mile
no Blackcomb instantly available information
at all was hindered the policeman's work not just in capturing terrorists
but in all areas of policing in 1974
the first Police National Computer known as PNC
was opened in Hendon North London and provided the larger forces
with instant access to criminal records its first facility was a record of
stolen vehicles
and owners from all over the country on
they had previously taken weeks to check whether or not
a suspect car had been stolen and the visit was acquired
to the local county hall to find urgently required documents
this
information could be supplied instantly and it was soon
updated to provide lists have wanted and missing persons
and a vast fingerprint index the late eighties saw the introduction
other more powerful system known as
PNC to which now allows forces to send vital information
to other Constabulary's love even officer thinks a murder suspect may be
trying to leave the country
he can use a computer to alert forces at airports and seaports
all over the British Isles No
an extraordinary active police bravery
came about in nineteen eighty as a result
up the Iranian embassy siege I'm do
five terrorists taken over the embassy and held many people captive
when the SAS spectacularly assaulted the building
killing four of the five gunmen and rescuing the surviving 19 hostages
mis-sold became inevitable when the gunman
demanding the release of political prisoners in Iran and started to shoot
the hostages
the terrorist leader which certainly have killed the first SAS man into the
building
had he not been tackled by PC travel lock
who had been on duty in the embassy when the gunman took over
PC Lock was a member of the diplomatic protection squad
one love the specialist departments a Scotland Yard
the squad was formed in 1974 to God foreign embassies in London
and consists of about 400 men trained to use firearms
the CIT within each force
has numerous specialist departments to deal with very specific problems
like the drug squad the fraud squad and the Serious Crime Squad
final special brunch is a separate department within the CIT
whose duties include keeping tabs on organizations or individuals
were considered a threat to national security and performing
body guard duties an ex-prime Minister
once introduced his principal protection officer
as the man who shoots the man who shoots me
reality Special Branch officers have seldom
opened fire and never lost charge go in
the nineteen eighties saw some the worst outbreaks of civil unrest this country
has ever known in 1981 rioters in Brixton
talks death and other areas fought with police
and indulge in an orgy of looting awesome vandalism
ok
that could leaders complained the years have police harassment
and racism then Brixton for example the disorders were triggered off
partly by operations swamp in which the police flooded certain areas with
officers
exercising that power of stop and search
in an effort to reduce the very high level of street crimes
that
the writing became so violent and the police were so badly prepared that in
Brixton
they were using dustbin lids to protect themselves from missiles
thrown by the use and it talks to the police were forced to withdraw when they
admitted
that the mall had gone out of control in the aftermath
lots common conduct an inquiry his report drastically change attitudes but
to public order control and police community relations
especially in the multi-racial areas and forces throughout the country
would advise to set up community and police panels
to foster closer links between police and public
these riots
totally change the way in which the peace dealt with public order
since 1981 police were given powers
that the are you see you already have it namely the option to use plastic bullets
and tear gas as a last resort in
support units like the special patrol group well now made available to be
dispatched rapidly to scenes of violence
police acquired special right equipment
and very rigorous training based on the tactics developed by the Hong Kong
police
by the mid-eighties the method developed the right city where they trained to
deal with a variety a bright related situations
on a daily basis this stage confrontations take place
been a purpose-built maze of streets covering an estimated thirty acres
about 60 policemen and women take it in turns to play the role of law enforcers
and rioters all officers in the Metropolitan force
train at the city on a regular basis and the site
remains a chilling reminder above the dangers faced
in modern policing go out on
a ha
the
on
from on
home
a new area of policing which developed in 1962
was the underwater seek then search unit
to search for stolen property vital criminal
evidence and missing persons these policemen
have been a specially trained to die a pin a wide range of locations
often dangerous areas where the risk of getting entangled in
underwater obstructions is very great
for this reason safety factors within the unit a very high
that with a sophisticated communication system between diver ensure
and careful handling procedures for any objects discovered
yet workers in order to retain as much forensic evidence as possible
items retrieved from the water which often include
loaded weapons handled with extreme care
not all of their duties are carried out
underwater often the underwater search unit
his call to perform some love the less glamorous search duties
such as much calls shallow water combing
and sewer searches
dole riot gear was worn by the police for the first time in 1984
when police from several different forces
for pitched battles with picketing miners outside the dog breed coking
plant in South Yorkshire
forty one policeman and 28 pick it is with injured
and order was only restored after several charges by Mounted Police
good such scenes have mounted police galloping with batons drawn
caused an outcry throughout the country go the police
but testing out the new tactics closely
lines a police carrying long shooter on the front line
taking the worst have any missiles hurled at them go
these lines and potted and released by the squads of police protected by
shields
and batons all mounted officers the mounted section is probably the most
effective police weapon
and often the last resort when attempting to control unruly in violent
crimes
the miners strike in 1984 85 so a major manifestation
of national police in although each force was still independently run
a Chief Constable could request additional police
to be sent from other districts to help his own course
these police support units traveled in mini buses with the vehicle
containing the right shoots crash helmets and food stocks
the police came to be known as maggie's
who waged by the miners who accused him of taking
the side that the government and employers and abusing
undue brutality against pickets in
many police on the other hand felt that they were being used
as poland's in a political game between margaret thatcher
and cafés cago liable
something funny I just want to know you
going to come on hold Norway tomorrow
no way a seven mile away you're talking about what will happen to people who are
you
Co
I was standing at the top side have or revoking planned
a fire under the bridge when the right please be on the charge
one of the police officers hit me in the back of the head and shoulders with the
right she'll
and I lost consciousness I think the scenes the buns down there from the
police
are almost unbelievable but the end of the day i think is a student
magnificently
he fell from that bank I'm
slept more than fell on his back so to hit the ground
the back of his head pit what i think is an old railway sleeper
the Chicago says that he was hit by riot shield from behind he was in there are
children
do the effectiveness of the mounted branch in policing rights
proved that despite modern technology both fashion page to policing
are still respected no horses have always been used by the police
the acquisition and training techniques have changed very little the century
got the most important factors
have always been careful choice of animal at the right age
and careful patient training this fact that
is equally as important for the riders who undergo a tough
eight-week initial course followed by continual training
throughout their career forces and the characteristic on
once a suitable match has been made between horse and rider
the pair begin training together experience in a wide range of exercises
designed to get them prepared any situations that may arise so resources
that we have no it
once trained mounted officers deal with the same Ranger incidents
as other uniformed police during their patrolled
one of the many benefits of the mounted officer its own is that he has the
advantage of height
for observation he can also go where cars cannot
and is used to search areas like rough Moreland
and woods that
the
it a house on the beach is faster than a man
stop a bad way of alright alright alright okay where you are speaking
about a property you guessed right now but call
ok I mountains of its out inside after all of past
a policeman that and don't try running away club pub where are they are from
out in addition to crowd control
horses perform important call operational work
like policing football matches where it has been estimated that one boss in its
rider
can do the work of twelve foot constables the mounted sections
also carry out escort and ceremonial work
as well as entering competitions and participating
and displays and shows throughout the UK I
in recent years the mounted sections increased involvement with policing
riots
has led to new training being introduced
Metropolitan Police forces take a regular part in riot control exercises
and a train to deal with the very harsh realities of policing in the nineties
the whelping was probably the most violent
right I've ever been involved in as a result whopping
we actually told up for the job done when I say told up we became defensive
home one particular tied at 28 min
dismantled not severely injured but they were dismantled the
no you cannot allow that to happen public or the situation
your horses are y'all last line of defense
if your horse it's becoming effective your next line of defense
a rubber bullets and tear gas been 1990
a peaceful rally against the government's new community charge
turned into massive riots when hundreds run amok through central London
resulting in more than five hundred demonstrators being arrested
and many police and bystanders being injured it
the community charge should be introduced early in nineteen ninety
then the public's disdain for the scheme had been growing steadily
it
some travel
well as the pool the benefits to rate
something written in recent times but never seen such a mass rejection of a
policy
and this anger finally came to a head this
eventful day in as it happened in the minus strike
and the civil rest of the eighties the police with the talk it but
any aggressive action being seen as this symbolic representation of government
the
the police however but suffered casualties in the eighties
a more prepared in the nineties
way
the majority of people who came to march that day
but never protested against anything before such was the passion
the poll tax routers a minority
a militant group Harbor saw great opportunity to incite the police
and the result was the worst case of civil unrest
seem this century Co
traditional methods of solving crime have gradually been over taken
by advances in science and technology facial identification techniques
have been vastly improved by the use a computer technology
and result in system such as he fit which allows
the pasting together about likeness on screen without any visible join lines
drawn from a photographic memory bank up many
different facial pots but witnesses interviewed to obtain a description
and the details entered onto and be fit form
and transferred into the computer new methods of fingerprint detection
have been developed that will uncover useful Prince from the most
unlikely sources such as objects recovered from seawater
Bowl waterlogged but
in recent years computers have eliminated the need for time-consuming
manual fingerprint searches the basic technology for automated fingerprint
recognition
a FR which is the storage and search for prints on computer
has been around since the nineteen seventies although not really adopted to
the eighties
can't was one of the first forces to use
a FR which allows a fingerprint to be checked against
all those on the database in less than 15 seconds
and can hold around seventy-million fingerprints
the science a ballistics has come a long way since the thirties
and now scientists are able to use powerful
equipment such as the electron microscope to identify unique
chemical traces given off by the fired weapon
possibly the biggest step forward in forensics in the last few years has been
the growing use of DNA and police work
the odds have two people's DNA matching
for less than $3 billion to one which makes it
the perfect forensic weapon against crime DNA
can be obtained from the tenia samples such as a human hair bulb
ball a drop of blood and its use
within police work is really only in its infancy
clutter police in
has always been potentially dangerous profession
but the risks involved have increased over the years
p
the a major problem the police face today
is the increase in gun crime
the question is whether bombing the police there's a lifesaver
or reliability wouldn't be an effective deterrent to criminals
acquiring firearms but would encourage
more criminals to use them goes to mister
are you not to that would have to see it police armed with machine guns on
mainland britain
yes I am I'm but I also feel very strongly
that when the the terrorists adopting new tactics and threatened for instance
I
the terminals of adults around the world then we must be on our God and guns are
routinely carried by officers
in nearly every other country in the world but there is no proven cause and
effect between an armed police force
unloaded gun crime that the problem is becoming increasingly serious
London so only four armed robberies involving firearms in 1954
now from April 1992 to March 1993
they were staggering 3,000 armed robberies in the area
and about 9000 nationwide
over the past few years the way the police handle firearms
has change considerably on the whole the number of officers authorized to use
guns has fallen sharply
but their train to a much higher standard I'm
the Metropolitan Police Cup the number of authorized users by 20 percent
in 1992 and national a slightly less than seven thousand officers
all one in twenty authorized to use firearms
in these smaller numbers a train more intensively
and tend to be deployed in special squads
including bomb response vehicles which are available
24 hours a day and carry arrange
weapons today
with the British drugs market is a fast
expanding business which draws on massive police was also use
the mid-seventies so the increase use of cannabis
and the beginning old well organized drug distribution
by the mid-eighties it had become a world of heroin
cocaine mainline criminals violence
I'm regular use of firearms the nowadays
cocaine seizures are running at twenty five times the level of the mid-eighties
and the use of crack drinking a highly addictive derivative
is growing fast it is an expensive habit to fund
and has resulted in a wave of crime such as burglary
and car theft good the Police and Criminal
evidence back which came into force in 1986
gave the police wider powers in street searches
but added a safeguard by requiring a full record to be made to that place
anyhoo should be nicole she said she's coming up in two scoreless game Asian
here as well
like all she's got carbon mom
it also gave police greater powers to search people's homes
or to get doctors to make body searches of suspects
to drugs all weapons 30 stipulations were added
but interviews at police stations should be tape-recorded
and extended the time people could be held before being charged or released
annual
until he has been arrested you know been at any food at all
from the earliest times
the men and women who make up Britain's police force
have had to learn to put up with criticism such
other problems policing the democratic society
the police however do not make the Mormons
they only enforce them and over the last two centuries
have adapted extremely well to the ongoing needs
love the people Britain's changing social conditions
have acquired the police to face difficult future decisions
such as the issue of carrying firearms
and the amalgamation ce a small local forces
traditionally if you look at the the Police Service
its top it off with local police forces with local offices
placing people distinct communities with the small police force you have leaders
to identify with that community they have empathy with the people they serve
on with this understanding there is that feedback they get to know what's
happening they're getting this done people's feelings he also gets know
things going wrong and police force
so I think that small police force really at the moment
is that his only way forward
the main qualities will offer some all patients
because he has to be able to chat with people and
he must have a good mouth because that isn't
main weapon protect him in times of trouble
he has a front room which is very little use these days
so he just has to talk and many other officer
has confronted an armed man and managed to persuade him to put down his weapon
well I suppose mall shop keep patient needs and
I'm the human characters a little more the place a little different
many years ago so telephone with first coming in about the eighty-nine page
for telephone with between one police station here in london the shoddy with
good to remind me
next thing we'll be getting the public meeting in the poem
long time ago we had to endure bullish
I'm alone we cooperate if you have an Indian charge in
from sergeant on duty went into the box go to liberate the white
streib roll a total wrapped around his head to the two
open go with the face with the British Open to the OP
he came back lucia museum the insured mortgage
the fish started to cooperate you could you