in this video I'm going to explain an action potential an action potential or 在这个视频中，我将解释动作潜在的行动潜力或
a nerve impulse causes a movement of ions across the cell membrane of 神经冲动引起离子穿过细胞膜的运动
a neuron similar to a ripple passing along the surface of a pond the cell 一种类似于波纹的神经元，沿着池塘的表面通过细胞
membrane of the neuron contains thousands of tiny molecules known as 神经元的膜含有数以千计的微小分子
channels these channels allow either sodium or potassium ions to pass through 通道这些通道允许钠离子或钾离子通过
generally the channels on the neuron are closed and the membrane is said to be in 通常，神经元上的通道是封闭的，据说膜是在
a resting state in this state the charge of the inside of the cell membrane is 在这种状态下的静止状态是细胞膜内部的电荷
more negative than the outside and if you could imagine sticking microelectrode 比外面更负面，如果你能想象坚持微电极
connected to a voltmeter inside this membrane the reading would 连接到这个膜内的电压表读数会
show about negative 70 millivolts meaning that the inside of the neuron is 显示负70毫伏意味着神经元的内部是
about 70 millivolts less than the outside the cell membrane of a neuron is polarized 比神经元的细胞膜外部少约70毫伏是极化的
because of this electrical difference across the membrane now a nerve impulse 因为跨膜的这种电气差异现在是一种神经冲动
starts when pressure or other sensory inputs disturbs a neuron's plasma 当压力或其他感觉输入干扰神经元的血浆时开始
membrane to the point that the potential difference reaches a threshold voltage 膜到电位差达到阈值电压的程度
of about negative 55 millivolts this causes hundreds of sodium channels 约为负55毫伏，这导致数百个钠通道
in that region of the membrane to open briefly this in turn allow positively 在膜的该区域中短暂地打开，这反过来允许积极地
charged sodium ions to flow inside the cell membrane now the inside of the 带电的钠离子现在流入细胞膜内部
membrane temporarily becomes more positive than the outside which in turn 膜暂时变得比外面更积极，反过来
causes the voltage to rise this is called depolarize state the membrane is 导致电压上升这称为膜的去极化状态
now depolarized because the net charge inside the axon change from negative to 现在去极化因为轴突内的净电荷从负变为
positive as sodium ions enter in as the impulse passes the potassium 当脉冲通过钾时，钠离子进入正值
channels begin to open allowing positively charged potassium ions to 通道开始打开，允许带正电的钾离子
flow out which causes inside of the axon to resume a net negative charge at this 流出，导致轴突内部恢复净负电荷
point the voltage would fall the membrane is now said to be repolarized 现在据说电压会下降，现在据说它会被复极化
because again it's negatively charged on the inside and positively charged on the 因为它再次对内部产生负面影响并对其产生积极影响
outside now this depolarization and repolarization of a neuron 现在外面这个神经元的去极化和复极化
membrane is called an action potential action potential is just another name 膜被称为动作电位动作电位只是另一个名称
for a nerve impulse after a nerve impulse some voltage-gated potassium 神经冲动后神经冲动一些电压门控钾
channels remain open resulting in further movement of potassium out of the 通道保持开放，导致钾进一步流出
cell as the voltage falls below the reading of the resting state the 电池电压低于静止状态的读数
membrane is said to be hyperpolarized because it is even more negative than at 据说膜是超极化的，因为它甚至更负
the beginning at this stage neuron is unable to conduct a nerve impulse and 在这个阶段开始，神经元无法进行神经冲动
it's said to be in the refractory period the refractory period is a very short 据说处于不应期，不应期很短
period during which the sodium potassium pump continues to return sodium ions to 钠钾泵继续将钠离子返回的时间段
the outside and potassium ions to the inside of the axon thus returning the 外部和钾离子到轴突内部因此返回
neuron to resting potential so in summary an action potential is just a 神经元对休息的潜力因此总的来说，动作电位只是一个
wave of depolarization and repolarization it's not an electric 去极化和复极化的浪潮不是电动的
current it's just a series of voltage-gated ion channels open and 电流只是一系列电压门控离子通道打开和
close thank you for watching make sure you subscribe and hopefully I made it 关闭感谢您的收看，请确保您订阅，并希望我做到了
wicked easy to understand 邪恶容易理解