1 00:00:10,260 --> 00:00:14,380 NETFLIX 原创纪录片系列 2 00:00:14,380 --> 00:00:16,340 生命离不开水 There is no life without water. 3 00:00:16,420 --> 00:00:18,630 经济也离不开水 There is no economy without water. 4 00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:19,840 社区也是 There's no community. 5 00:00:24,640 --> 00:00:30,310 它影响着这个星球上 人类生活的方方面面 It cuts across virtually every aspect of human life on this planet. 6 00:00:41,910 --> 00:00:46,700 有人有新想法 包装水 推广水 This is a new idea of somebody's to market water, and package it, 7 00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:48,750 然后从中获取利润 and make a lot of money off it. 8 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:49,830 谁获益？ Who profits? 9 00:00:50,210 --> 00:00:52,170 瓶装水公司！ Oh, the bottled water companies! 10 00:00:55,680 --> 00:00:56,930 真的是相当便利 It's the ultimate convenience. 11 00:00:57,010 --> 00:00:57,890 {\an8}（酸碱平衡水） 12 00:00:57,970 --> 00:00:59,140 在你的车子里 冰箱里 It's in your car, in your refrigerator. 13 00:00:59,220 --> 00:01:00,560 {\an8}（富含天然二氧化碳 天然自来水） 14 00:01:00,680 --> 00:01:02,230 在你孩子的背包里 It's in your kid's backpack. 15 00:01:02,310 --> 00:01:04,440 瓶装水无处不在 Bottled water is everywhere. 16 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:07,110 瓶装水也不是不好 Bottled water is not a bad thing. 17 00:01:07,190 --> 00:01:10,940 瓶装水可以走哪里带到哪里 尤其是在紧急情况 Bottled water goes everywhere, especially when there's an emergency. 18 00:01:11,440 --> 00:01:12,990 比激浪好 It's better than Mountain Dew. 19 00:01:14,280 --> 00:01:17,870 但是每一个瓶装水 都是从某个地方来的 But every bottle of water must come from somewhere. 20 00:01:18,490 --> 00:01:20,160 人们的井干涸 People's wells dry up, 21 00:01:20,250 --> 00:01:22,750 溪流干涸 鱼类死亡 streams start to dry up, fish start to die, 22 00:01:22,830 --> 00:01:24,460 生态系统逐渐消失 ecosystems start to disappear. 23 00:01:24,920 --> 00:01:27,210 -这是谁的水？ -我们的！ -Whose water is it? -Ours! 24 00:01:27,290 --> 00:01:28,880 {\an8}（滚出缅因州 别给我上水刑 兄弟） 25 00:01:28,960 --> 00:01:34,510 市场营销的一个阴谋 演化成了全球的风靡 What started as a marketing scheme has exploded into a worldwide obsession. 26 00:01:34,590 --> 00:01:37,220 瓶装水行业从无到有 The bottled water industry has made something out of nothing 27 00:01:37,300 --> 00:01:38,430 几乎是一夜之间 sort of overnight. 28 00:01:39,810 --> 00:01:42,310 通向人道主义危机的大门 And a gateway to humanitarian crisis, 29 00:01:43,180 --> 00:01:46,400 正在拓宽富有与贫穷的鸿沟 widening the gap between the haves and the have-nots. 30 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:51,150 为什么有一部分人 一小部分人 Why does one group of people, a very small group, 31 00:01:51,230 --> 00:01:54,990 一年用水可以赚到几十亿美金 make billions of dollars a year off of the same water 32 00:01:55,070 --> 00:01:57,280 而其他人连这些水资源都无法获取？ that other people can't even have access? 33 00:01:58,450 --> 00:02:01,200 焦点不在水资源是人类的权利上 The focus is not on water as a human right. 34 00:02:01,290 --> 00:02:05,830 焦点是从水赚钱 The focus is just about making money from water. 35 00:02:08,170 --> 00:02:10,380 人类的未来非常荒凉 The future of the people is very, very bleak. 36 00:02:12,010 --> 00:02:14,670 瓶装水公司 他们的未来很明朗 The bottled water companies, they have a bright future. 37 00:02:50,750 --> 00:02:52,380 {\an8}（社区帮助中心） 38 00:02:54,800 --> 00:02:58,720 这些车在早上五点开始排队 These vehicles begin lining up at five o'clock in the morning. 39 00:03:00,850 --> 00:03:03,890 他们就在这里等个几个小时 不会离开 They will wait here, without moving, for hours. 40 00:03:07,350 --> 00:03:11,110 对于在车里的人 这样的等待 这条队 也不得不选择 For the people inside them, this wait, this line are not optional. 41 00:03:12,150 --> 00:03:13,980 他们的健康取决于这条队伍 Their health depends on it. 42 00:03:16,690 --> 00:03:18,320 欢迎来到密歇根州弗林特 Welcome to Flint, Michigan. 43 00:03:18,400 --> 00:03:19,950 {\an8}（弗林特 水工厂） 44 00:03:20,030 --> 00:03:22,990 曾经是美国汽车工业的繁华区 Once a thriving center of the US auto industry, 45 00:03:23,080 --> 00:03:26,200 如今 弗林特在全球出名 却是另一个原因 today, Flint is internationally famous for another reason. 46 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:30,710 水资源被污染 ...poison in the water. 47 00:03:30,790 --> 00:03:32,590 -弗林特的生命重要 -弗林特的生命重要 Flint lives matter! 48 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:34,840 2014年四月 In April 2014, 49 00:03:34,920 --> 00:03:38,970 一个老旧的排水系统开始向 城市生活用水 an old and poorly managed piping system began leaching lead 50 00:03:39,050 --> 00:03:40,340 排放铅 into the city water. 51 00:03:40,550 --> 00:03:42,470 政府的缓慢应对行为 A sluggish government response provoked 52 00:03:42,550 --> 00:03:44,180 {\an8}（社区帮助中心） 53 00:03:44,260 --> 00:03:46,220 激起了公众对水资源供应的质疑 a highly public crisis of confidence in the water supply. 54 00:03:47,730 --> 00:03:51,150 所以弗林特的居民在黎明前来到这里 And so these residents of Flint have come before dawn 55 00:03:51,230 --> 00:03:54,110 去等待他们敢喝的水 to wait for water they are not afraid to drink. 56 00:03:56,110 --> 00:03:59,110 不 我不会喝自来水 绝对不喝 No, I will not drink tap water, period. 57 00:03:59,240 --> 00:04:01,610 我也不会用那个水洗盘子 I don't even like to wash my dishes in it. 58 00:04:01,870 --> 00:04:04,780 我使用过滤器 I use my filter for that too. 59 00:04:05,120 --> 00:04:06,200 在我的水龙头上 That's on the... on my fountain. 60 00:04:06,290 --> 00:04:07,330 {\an8}（索尼娅哈特 弗林特居民） 61 00:04:07,450 --> 00:04:08,620 我不喜欢使用这水 I don't like to use it, 62 00:04:08,710 --> 00:04:11,710 因为我不知道盘子是否会被污染 'cause I don't know if it's contaminating even the dishes. 63 00:04:20,340 --> 00:04:23,010 早上九点整 水会被运到 At 9:00 a.m. sharp, the water arrives. 64 00:04:23,470 --> 00:04:26,220 是雀巢公司运来的 It comes courtesy of Nestlé. 65 00:04:32,060 --> 00:04:34,900 雀巢水 是瑞士食品大亨的一个分支 Nestlé Waters, a division of the Swiss food giant, 66 00:04:34,980 --> 00:04:37,940 承诺要送出 has promised to give away more than six million bottles 67 00:04:38,030 --> 00:04:40,110 六百万冰山牌瓶装水 of their Ice Mountain brand spring water 68 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:43,700 来保护弗林特居民的 to protect the health and the peace of mind 69 00:04:43,780 --> 00:04:45,120 健康与一份安宁 of Flint's residents. 70 00:04:47,700 --> 00:04:49,750 早上好 你好吗？ Good morning. How y'all doing? 71 00:04:53,170 --> 00:04:54,420 两个家庭 Two families. 72 00:04:54,500 --> 00:04:55,500 一直到底 All the way to the end. 73 00:04:57,300 --> 00:04:58,800 谢谢你 我好了 Thank you, sir. I got it. 74 00:05:00,470 --> 00:05:01,630 人们不相信这里的水 People do not trust the water. 75 00:05:01,720 --> 00:05:03,300 {\an8}（卡雷卡路易斯哈雷斯 社区管理者） 76 00:05:03,380 --> 00:05:04,840 当水质可以的时候 我认为他们也不会喝 When the water is okay, I think they still are not going to trust it. 77 00:05:06,350 --> 00:05:08,600 水里有铅 不安全 There's lead in the water. It's not safe. 78 00:05:12,350 --> 00:05:15,610 这个看似非常慈善的举动 This looks like an act of extraordinary generosity, 79 00:05:16,360 --> 00:05:17,900 实际是另有目的 but it could be something else. 80 00:05:17,980 --> 00:05:19,320 你想要多少 女士？ How many would you like, ma'am? 81 00:05:19,400 --> 00:05:22,110 雀巢的批判者们 有很多人 Nestlé's critics, and there are a great many of them, 82 00:05:22,400 --> 00:05:25,700 表示这个公司与其说是提供帮助 say the company is not helping so much as cynically exploiting 83 00:05:25,780 --> 00:05:28,700 更不如说他们在利用一个特别的机会 来宣传他们生意 a unique opportunity to promote their business. 84 00:05:29,540 --> 00:05:33,670 当有资源短缺或危机的时候 情况实际对他们有利 It is to their benefit when there is scarcity or a crisis. 85 00:05:34,250 --> 00:05:35,580 他们并不是在解决问题 They're not solving the problem. 86 00:05:38,460 --> 00:05:40,800 水不仅仅是用来喝的 你需要用其来保持卫生 Water isn't just for drinking. You need it for sanitation. 87 00:05:40,880 --> 00:05:43,930 需要用来洗手、做饭和洗澡 You need it for washing your hands, cooking, and bathing. 88 00:05:44,010 --> 00:05:46,470 期待人们用瓶装水 来解决所有的需要 Expecting people to live off of bottled water 89 00:05:46,550 --> 00:05:48,350 {\an8}（伊丽莎白努斯鲍默 食品与水健康高级研究员） for all of those needs is... 90 00:05:48,430 --> 00:05:49,260 是不可持续的 unsustainable. 91 00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:51,350 -祝你一天愉快 -你也是 女士 -Have a good day, sir. -You too, ma'am. 92 00:05:51,430 --> 00:05:53,810 我们没能给人类提供安全水 Bottled water is not the answer 93 00:05:53,890 --> 00:05:55,900 瓶装水并不是解决办法 to the failure to provide safe water to our population. 94 00:05:58,400 --> 00:06:01,530 瓶装水行业最近持续在 争论的一点是 So one of the arguments the bottled water industry is increasingly making is 95 00:06:01,610 --> 00:06:04,240 他们不是在和自来水竞争 that they're not competing against tap water, 96 00:06:04,320 --> 00:06:05,950 而是和不健康… that they're competing against unhealthy carbonated soft drinks 97 00:06:06,030 --> 00:06:07,700 {\an8}（彼得格雷克 《瓶装与兜售》作者） 98 00:06:07,780 --> 00:06:09,620 …含有很多糖分的饮料对抗 with a lot of sugar in them. 99 00:06:09,870 --> 00:06:13,370 这也可能是很大的争论点 如果是真的话 And that's potentially a great argument... if it were true. 100 00:06:13,540 --> 00:06:17,170 但是如果你看看数字 我已经看了 完全不是这么回事 But if you look at the numbers, which I've looked at, it's not true. 101 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:20,800 事实是瓶装水在替换自来水 What's happening is bottled water is displacing tap water. 102 00:06:22,550 --> 00:06:26,090 有一些臭名昭著的案子 弗林特就是一个 There's a handful of infamous cases, and obviously, Flint is one. 103 00:06:26,180 --> 00:06:27,760 对于拥有三亿人口的国家来说 Flint is a tiny, little town 104 00:06:28,220 --> 00:06:29,850 弗林特是个小镇 in a country of 300 million people 105 00:06:29,930 --> 00:06:31,430 你在这个国家 每天都能喝到饮用水 where you can drink the drinking water every day, 106 00:06:31,510 --> 00:06:34,560 {\an8}（查尔斯菲什曼 《重度干渴》作者） and it doesn't... 107 00:06:34,640 --> 00:06:36,810 这水不会让你生病 是你能做到最好的事情之一 It not only doesn't make you sick, if it's one of the best things you can do. 108 00:06:38,150 --> 00:06:39,730 但是越来越多的消费者 And yet, more and more, 109 00:06:40,060 --> 00:06:41,650 不再这么做了 consumers simply don't do it. 110 00:06:43,030 --> 00:06:48,570 美国人每年要喝掉158升的瓶装水 Americans now drink 42 gallons of bottled water a year each. 111 00:06:49,870 --> 00:06:54,500 这个行业可以每年赚350亿美金 The business is $35 billion a year. 112 00:06:54,950 --> 00:06:58,170 比电影行业的规模大三倍 It's three times the size of the movie business. 113 00:06:59,460 --> 00:07:02,420 这个产业40年前不存在 And it's a business that didn't exist 40 years ago. 114 00:07:03,340 --> 00:07:04,380 我们购买的 We buy... 115 00:07:05,050 --> 00:07:09,550 瓶装水数量是咖啡的两倍 two times as much bottled water as coffee 116 00:07:10,300 --> 00:07:13,140 是啤酒的十倍 and ten times as much bottled water as beer. 117 00:07:14,430 --> 00:07:18,520 完全是爆炸性的转变 So it's just sort of this incredible explosion and transformation 118 00:07:18,600 --> 00:07:23,820 将一个我们不需要的产品 变成想要的东西 in a completely voluntary product that none of us actually need. 119 00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:26,740 全球来说 我们每年 Worldwide, we drink 120 00:07:26,820 --> 00:07:30,280 喝掉约3700亿升的瓶装水 about 100 billion gallons of bottled water every year. 121 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:34,620 每八瓶中就有一瓶是美国人消耗的 The US consumes about one bottle in eight. 122 00:07:36,120 --> 00:07:37,750 只有中国喝得更多 Only China drinks more. 123 00:07:38,250 --> 00:07:40,290 当有人拿起一瓶水 When someone picks up a bottle of water, 124 00:07:40,540 --> 00:07:43,670 他们应该想想 “我是不是真的需要这瓶水？” what they should be thinking about is, "Do I really need this?" 125 00:07:44,250 --> 00:07:47,050 但是更深层次的是 他们应该要想想的是 But deeper than that, what they ought to be thinking about is, 126 00:07:47,130 --> 00:07:49,050 “这瓶水来自哪里？” "Where does this water come from?" 127 00:07:53,260 --> 00:07:56,180 对弗林特来说 这很简单 In the case of Flint, that's the easy part. 128 00:07:56,430 --> 00:07:57,890 跟着卡车就好 Just follow the trucks. 129 00:08:00,940 --> 00:08:03,440 冰山矿泉水来自地下 Ice Mountain spring water comes out of the ground 130 00:08:03,520 --> 00:08:05,860 距离弗林特160公里以北的地方 just 100 miles north of Flint. 131 00:08:08,950 --> 00:08:13,200 雀巢以一分钟2600升的速度 将水从地下抽上来 Nestlé pumps it out at a rate of more than 700 gallons a minute. 132 00:08:13,660 --> 00:08:16,990 然后在斯坦伍德这里的工厂装瓶 Then, it puts it in bottles at this plant in Stanwood. 133 00:08:17,290 --> 00:08:19,460 每分钟几千瓶 Thousands of bottles every minute. 134 00:08:22,670 --> 00:08:26,590 也就是说雀巢去年给弗林特 捐助的水 That means all of the water Nestlé is donating to Flint over the last year 135 00:08:26,750 --> 00:08:30,510 是斯坦伍德两天抽取的量 adds up to about two days' worth of output from Stanwood. 136 00:08:31,470 --> 00:08:33,890 雀巢几乎没有花一分钱 And Nestlé paid next to nothing for it. 137 00:08:34,850 --> 00:08:35,890 我爱水 I love water. 138 00:08:36,680 --> 00:08:37,970 我真的很爱 I do. I really do. 139 00:08:38,770 --> 00:08:40,100 {\an8}（扎卡里扎卡 艾瓦特城镇管理员） So... 140 00:08:40,180 --> 00:08:42,150 所以他们总被指责我感到惋惜 But I feel really bad they're always picked on 141 00:08:42,230 --> 00:08:45,270 看起来他们是坏人似的 and made to look like the bad person. 142 00:08:46,020 --> 00:08:47,280 我个人观点 So, I do have an opinion, 143 00:08:48,150 --> 00:08:52,110 我支持雀巢 and I'm in favor of it... of Nestlé. 144 00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:56,330 {\an8}（欢迎来到艾瓦特） 145 00:08:58,830 --> 00:09:00,410 从2005年起 Since 2005, 146 00:09:00,500 --> 00:09:04,880 密歇根的艾瓦特就允许雀巢 从镇上的井里提取 Evart, Michigan has allowed Nestlé to pump more than half a billion gallons 147 00:09:04,960 --> 00:09:06,420 超过40亿升的水 out of the town's wells 148 00:09:06,500 --> 00:09:08,710 然后瓶装到冰山的瓶子里 and put it in Ice Mountain bottles. 149 00:09:09,880 --> 00:09:12,300 在那里就是雀巢中转站 Right out there is Nestlé's transfer station, 150 00:09:12,380 --> 00:09:16,300 在那里有可以贮藏 15万升水的筒仓 and there's huge silos that hold 40,000 gallons of water, 151 00:09:16,390 --> 00:09:18,010 那里有两个 and there's two of them over there. 152 00:09:18,100 --> 00:09:21,390 它从北方的不锈钢管道 It comes from the north through stainless steel pipes 153 00:09:21,480 --> 00:09:24,560 运输到这里的中转站 有卡车运出去 to the transfer station, and there's trucks there right now loading up. 154 00:09:27,820 --> 00:09:29,320 他们一直在抽取 And they just keep pumping. 155 00:09:32,570 --> 00:09:34,740 每天都进进出出 They run in and out all day long. 156 00:09:35,450 --> 00:09:37,700 一辆卡车可以装三万八千升水 They haul about 10,000 gallons per truck. 157 00:09:39,950 --> 00:09:42,000 他们送到斯坦伍德的工厂进行瓶装 They transfer it to Stanwood, where it's bottled at their plant. 158 00:09:42,080 --> 00:09:43,120 {\an8}（所有卡车 寄收入口） 159 00:09:49,050 --> 00:09:51,510 艾瓦特很高兴可以达成这个协议 Evart was delighted to make this deal 160 00:09:51,590 --> 00:09:54,130 因为这个小镇需要钱 because the town needed the cash. 161 00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:58,050 我们是中等偏下水平 We're moderate to low poverty. 162 00:09:58,140 --> 00:10:03,140 平均年收入在这里是 一万九到两万一美金一年 The average income here is anywhere from $19,000 to $21,000 a year. 163 00:10:04,520 --> 00:10:05,690 如果没有从他们那里 It would be a struggle 164 00:10:06,350 --> 00:10:09,690 拿到的收入 我们没办法维持基础设施 to maintain all of our infrastructure without the revenue we receive from them. 165 00:10:12,190 --> 00:10:14,650 雀巢为这份水出的钱 Nestlé pays for this water at the same price paid 166 00:10:14,740 --> 00:10:17,320 和每个月城镇居民的花销一样多 by the town's residents on their monthly bill, 167 00:10:17,620 --> 00:10:20,910 三千八升水是3.6美元 about $3.60 for a 1,000 gallons. 168 00:10:22,750 --> 00:10:24,000 这3.6美元的价值 That $3.60's worth 169 00:10:24,080 --> 00:10:27,920 可以在便利店的货架上 带来七千美元的收入 could bring as much as $7,000 on the convenience store shelf. 170 00:10:29,750 --> 00:10:32,090 雀巢很聪明 知道捡到宝了 Nestlé knows a good thing when they've got one. 171 00:10:33,630 --> 00:10:36,180 他们完全改变了我们的场所 They completely renovated our fairgrounds. 172 00:10:36,800 --> 00:10:38,970 他们建了全新的球场 They put in brand-new ballfields. 173 00:10:39,050 --> 00:10:42,010 这里的高中有最先进的球场 The high school's got beautiful state-of-the-art ballfields. 174 00:10:42,180 --> 00:10:44,390 他们建了基本的球场 They put in elementary ballfields. 175 00:10:45,140 --> 00:10:48,060 他们也会参加原木猛兽比赛 They participate in the Timber Beast. 176 00:10:48,190 --> 00:10:51,230 他们和我们一起清理马斯基根河 They do a Muskegon River cleanup annually with us. 177 00:10:51,320 --> 00:10:53,320 通过4H项目 他们开创了可回收中心 They started a recycling center through the 4-H program. 178 00:10:53,400 --> 00:10:55,070 {\an8}（艾瓦特） 179 00:10:55,650 --> 00:10:58,110 但是艾瓦特真的赢了瓶装水彩票 But did Evart win the bottled water lottery, 180 00:10:58,200 --> 00:10:59,910 还是他们被骗了？ or are they being played for chumps? 181 00:11:01,950 --> 00:11:03,950 这一直都是他们的运营方式 This has been their model, time and again. 182 00:11:04,330 --> 00:11:07,580 他们给城镇好处 以试图获得城镇居民的同意 They offer benefits to this town to try and get them to agree. 183 00:11:07,830 --> 00:11:11,880 通常是罐装场的50个工作岗位 It's usually in the form of maybe 50 jobs from the bottling plant. 184 00:11:12,210 --> 00:11:14,550 有时候他们也会更新一些基础设施 Sometimes they do some infrastructure updates, 185 00:11:14,630 --> 00:11:17,220 但是他们这么做不是出于好心 but this isn't something they do out of the goodness of their heart. 186 00:11:17,300 --> 00:11:20,340 因为他们必须这么做 才能为瓶装工厂牟利 It's because they need to do this for the bottling plant to succeed. 187 00:11:21,720 --> 00:11:24,520 事实上 为了让这个工厂 最大限度运作 Actually, for this plant to function at its full capacity, 188 00:11:25,100 --> 00:11:29,020 雀巢需要比从艾瓦特得到的水量 还要多四倍 Nestlé needs about four times more water than they're getting from Evart. 189 00:11:29,100 --> 00:11:33,230 为了弥补这个差距 他们用一小部分自己的井水 To fill that gap, they use water from a handful of their own wells, 190 00:11:33,730 --> 00:11:35,990 花的是很少一部分钱 and they pay a lot less for that water. 191 00:11:39,030 --> 00:11:44,410 在密歇根 一个泵的营业执照 一年就是200美金 In Michigan, the licensing fee per pump for a year is $200. 192 00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:48,500 一年200美金 Two hundred dollars a year. 193 00:11:49,750 --> 00:11:51,420 这个资源基本上是免费的 The resource is essentially free. 194 00:11:51,500 --> 00:11:55,420 他们在拿取资源 提取它 瓶装它 再销售 They're taking a resource, pumping it, bottling it, and selling it. 195 00:11:57,470 --> 00:12:00,590 雀巢必须要拿到这个水资源 Nestlé absolutely has to get their hands on that water, 196 00:12:01,340 --> 00:12:02,800 因为公司建造了 because the company has built 197 00:12:02,890 --> 00:12:05,770 一个顶尖的百万生意 a cutting-edge, multi-billion-dollar business, 198 00:12:05,930 --> 00:12:09,390 但是起点只是一个传统 和不靠谱的想法 starting with a very old and very flimsy idea... 199 00:12:10,270 --> 00:12:14,400 从地下来的水有其健康价值 that water from underground has uniquely healthy properties. 200 00:12:14,480 --> 00:12:15,940 {\an8}（维塔利斯 矿泉水） 201 00:12:16,030 --> 00:12:17,440 在美国、欧洲 In the United States, like in Europe, 202 00:12:17,860 --> 00:12:20,740 最早的瓶装水产地 some of the earliest bottled waters originated 203 00:12:20,820 --> 00:12:23,200 是偏远的水疗圣地 还有泉水 at these rural spas, at these springs 204 00:12:23,280 --> 00:12:25,280 {\an8}（在卡尔斯巴德治疗和休息） 205 00:12:25,370 --> 00:12:26,490 有时候人们去那里修养度假 that people would sometimes go for health cures, for vacations. 206 00:12:26,580 --> 00:12:28,580 {\an8}（奥尔良铁路官方指南） 207 00:12:28,790 --> 00:12:29,960 19世纪 水疗建在天然温泉附近 Nineteenth century spas were built around natural springs. 208 00:12:30,040 --> 00:12:31,120 {\an8}（斯特里汉姆水疗 矿物井） 209 00:12:31,210 --> 00:12:32,710 {\an8}（萨拉托加泉水 天然矿泉水） 210 00:12:32,790 --> 00:12:36,710 每个泉水都保证有特别的健康矿物质 Each spring promised a unique recipe of healthy minerals 211 00:12:36,840 --> 00:12:39,880 几百年来一直在地下溶解在水里 dissolved into the water from centuries under the ground. 212 00:12:40,220 --> 00:12:42,010 我是觉得有些奇怪 Always struck me as a little odd, 213 00:12:42,090 --> 00:12:47,140 有人认为水不仅可以喝 but there was this idea that the water was not only good to drink, 214 00:12:47,260 --> 00:12:49,350 还可以用来泡 it was good to immerse yourself in it. 215 00:12:49,930 --> 00:12:52,730 我想健康效益有些许不同 I guess the health benefits were somehow slightly different, 216 00:12:52,810 --> 00:12:54,730 但是总归是对你好的 but either way, it was good for you. 217 00:12:54,810 --> 00:12:56,820 {\an8}（你想要这瓶健康的矿泉水 巴特利特） 218 00:12:56,980 --> 00:12:58,940 {\an8}（治疗便秘、肠胃、肾及风湿问题） 219 00:12:59,070 --> 00:13:01,990 很多瓶装水都吹捧 自己可以治疗… Many of the early bottled waters touted 220 00:13:02,070 --> 00:13:03,110 {\an8}（天然矿泉水 库藏卢瓦尔） that they were able to cure this or that disease 221 00:13:03,200 --> 00:13:04,700 …这个或那个疾病 因为矿物质 because of their mineral content. 222 00:13:04,780 --> 00:13:06,160 {\an8}（最好的法国餐桌水） 223 00:13:06,240 --> 00:13:08,370 这个时期 医药并没有发达到 And this was a time when medicine didn't really know 224 00:13:08,450 --> 00:13:10,200 了解究竟是什么造成的很多疾病 what caused many of our diseases. 225 00:13:11,750 --> 00:13:14,630 病因也被人忽视了 What was causing disease, of course, was ignorance. 226 00:13:15,380 --> 00:13:17,750 世界很多发展城市把废弃的水 The world's growing cities were pouring their sewage 227 00:13:17,840 --> 00:13:19,880 投入到河里 然后再从中饮用 into the same rivers they drank from. 228 00:13:23,260 --> 00:13:26,720 很多人们得的疾病都和水有关 A lot of the diseases people were getting were water-related. 229 00:13:27,850 --> 00:13:30,680 并不是通过空气传播 也不是直接接触传染 They didn't come through the air. They didn't come through contact. 230 00:13:30,770 --> 00:13:32,270 是通过被污染的水 They came from contaminated water. 231 00:13:35,650 --> 00:13:37,480 随着医药科学的进步 As medical science improved, 232 00:13:37,570 --> 00:13:42,150 工程科学、化学和生活科学的发展 the engineering sciences and the chemical and biological sciences also developed, 233 00:13:42,240 --> 00:13:43,700 我们学会如何净化水 and we learned how to purify water. 234 00:13:43,780 --> 00:13:45,780 {\an8}（每十万人死亡的重要原因） 235 00:13:45,950 --> 00:13:49,620 在公共健康上最重要的转变 The most important revolution in public health, 236 00:13:49,950 --> 00:13:51,830 在历史上来说 in the history of the planet, 237 00:13:51,910 --> 00:13:55,710 就是加入一点点的氯在水里 was the discovery that you could add just a little bit of chlorine to water 238 00:13:56,540 --> 00:13:59,750 可以让水从危险变为安全 and turn it from dangerous to completely safe. 239 00:14:01,130 --> 00:14:03,720 1908年 新泽西成为全美 In 1908, Jersey City, New Jersey 240 00:14:03,720 --> 00:14:07,720 第一个在公共水源里加入氯的城市 became the first city in the US to add chlorine to municipal water. 241 00:14:08,220 --> 00:14:10,260 其他美国城市接连效仿 Other American cities quickly followed. 242 00:14:11,520 --> 00:14:13,350 对瓶装水的需求消失了 The need for bottled water disappeared. 243 00:14:15,060 --> 00:14:17,810 一个接一个的瓶装水公司倒闭 One by one, the old bottlers closed. 244 00:14:18,730 --> 00:14:21,230 瓶装水变为缝隙产业 Bottled water became a niche business. 245 00:14:22,780 --> 00:14:25,910 直到一个有名的美国电影人 改变了一切 Until a giant of American cinema changed everything. 246 00:14:27,240 --> 00:14:31,330 巴黎水的第一个广告 是由奥森威尔斯制作的 The first ads for Perrier were done by Orson Welles, 247 00:14:31,410 --> 00:14:34,000 仅仅用的是他的声音 你都不用见到他的影子 just his voice. You didn't even need to see him. 248 00:14:34,830 --> 00:14:37,290 在法国南部的平原深部 Deep below the plains of Southern France, 249 00:14:37,370 --> 00:14:40,960 在几百万年前就开始的神秘运作 in a mysterious process begun millions of years ago, 250 00:14:41,050 --> 00:14:45,420 自然本身将一个泉水的冰水 碳酸化 形成了巴黎水 Nature herself carbonates the icy waters of a single spring, Perrier. 251 00:14:45,590 --> 00:14:47,590 {\an8}（来自法国的巴黎水 天然气泡矿泉水） 252 00:14:48,180 --> 00:14:54,640 巴黎水在法国有一百年多的历史 Perrier, which had kind of loped along for more than 100 years in France, 253 00:14:54,640 --> 00:14:59,270 想要进入美国市场 因为这里有庞大的消费者 wanted to break into the US market, which was a huge consumer market. 254 00:14:59,360 --> 00:15:00,610 比法国大得多 Much bigger than France, for instance. 255 00:15:00,690 --> 00:15:02,190 {\an8}（来自为你提供食物的人们） Perrier wasn't water. 256 00:15:02,270 --> 00:15:03,570 巴黎水并不是水 257 00:15:03,650 --> 00:15:05,610 是一种饮料 It was a beverage. 258 00:15:06,110 --> 00:15:07,150 {\an8}（地球的第一份软饮） 259 00:15:07,240 --> 00:15:08,410 通过不断的广告投放 Through relentless advertising, 260 00:15:08,490 --> 00:15:11,660 巴黎水将自我定位为健康的 Perrier portrayed their spring water as healthy, 261 00:15:11,740 --> 00:15:14,250 完美的饮品 完全符合 新时代的健康需求 the perfect drink for a new, healthy age. 262 00:15:14,330 --> 00:15:19,790 1976年 美国销售了三百万瓶巴黎水 In 1976, Perrier sold three million bottles of water in the US. 263 00:15:20,290 --> 00:15:23,840 1979年卖掉了两亿瓶巴黎水 In 1979, they sold 200 million. 264 00:15:24,670 --> 00:15:26,380 巴黎水一跃成为 美国的受欢迎矿泉水品牌 Perrier snapped up popular brands of American spring water. 265 00:15:26,470 --> 00:15:28,090 {\an8}（天然矿泉水） 266 00:15:28,510 --> 00:15:31,010 波兰泉水在东北部 Poland Spring in the Northeast, 267 00:15:31,300 --> 00:15:34,720 箭头牌在美国的西南部 Arrowhead in the southwestern part of the US, 268 00:15:34,810 --> 00:15:36,980 鹿园、泽弗希尔斯 Deer Park, Zephyrhills. 269 00:15:38,770 --> 00:15:41,980 巴黎水被雀巢买了 And then Perrier was itself snapped up by Nestlé. 270 00:15:50,160 --> 00:15:53,240 但是矿泉水的霸权地位 是魔鬼的讨价还价 But spring water supremacy was a devil's bargain. 271 00:15:54,740 --> 00:15:56,620 需求不是问题 Demand was no problem. 272 00:15:56,700 --> 00:15:58,960 供应才是问题 The trouble was supply. 273 00:15:59,420 --> 00:16:04,300 雀巢需要给这些矿泉水品牌 提供很多的原产品 Nestlé needed raw product for its spring water brands, a lot of product. 274 00:16:05,590 --> 00:16:08,880 对瓶装矿泉水的需求量增加 The explosive growth of bottled water 275 00:16:08,970 --> 00:16:12,050 开始给这些天然泉水 增加了越来越多的负担 started to put more and more pressure on these natural springs 276 00:16:12,390 --> 00:16:16,310 它们作为高价值水资源卖给大众 that were sold to the public as high quality sources of water. 277 00:16:16,770 --> 00:16:19,100 并不是所有的水资源都是平等的 But not all water is created equal. 278 00:16:21,310 --> 00:16:26,150 只有十亿分之一的水资源 是在地底被自然净化的 Only one billionth of one percent is filtered naturally beneath the Earth 279 00:16:26,400 --> 00:16:28,530 而且还有丰富的矿物质 with a distinct balance of minerals 280 00:16:29,070 --> 00:16:30,780 才能被称作波兰泉水 to be called Poland Spring... 281 00:16:31,450 --> 00:16:33,030 箭头、泽弗希尔斯、奥匝卡、冰山 Arrowhead, Zephyrhills, Ozarka, Ice Mountain, Deer Park... 282 00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:35,910 鹿园 百分百都是矿泉水 100% natural spring water. 283 00:16:36,950 --> 00:16:39,710 为了保持销售高质量矿泉水 In order to keep selling premium spring water, 284 00:16:39,790 --> 00:16:42,330 瓶装水产业需要寻找新的水源 the bottled water industry had to find new sources. 285 00:16:42,420 --> 00:16:44,710 需要寻找新的泉眼 They had to find new springs, but the truth is 286 00:16:44,790 --> 00:16:50,510 但是事实是 自然的泉水 通常不会有那么多 that naturally flowing springs typically aren't very large in volume. 287 00:16:50,590 --> 00:16:51,840 他们的流量没有大到 They were not large enough 288 00:16:52,300 --> 00:16:55,640 可以符合大众对矿泉水的需求 to feed the massive growth in demand for spring water. 289 00:16:56,890 --> 00:17:00,980 雀巢和它的子公司想到了 一个独到的点子 Nestlé and its fellow bottlers found an ingenious solution. 290 00:17:01,810 --> 00:17:06,860 生活用水在美国由 国家环境保护局管理 Municipal water in the US is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency, 291 00:17:07,270 --> 00:17:10,190 但是瓶装水是由联邦级别的 but bottled water is controlled at the federal level 292 00:17:10,280 --> 00:17:12,490 美国食品药品监督管理局管控 by the Food and Drug Administration. 293 00:17:12,860 --> 00:17:16,530 所以瓶装水公司游说 美国食品药品监督管理局 So, the water bottlers lobbied the FDA 294 00:17:16,620 --> 00:17:19,410 制定一个对他们有利的矿泉水定义 to codify a very helpful definition of spring water. 295 00:17:19,910 --> 00:17:23,710 从1996年开始 雀巢和其他瓶装水公司 Ever since 1996, Nestlé or any other bottled water company 296 00:17:24,210 --> 00:17:28,550 可以售卖所谓的矿泉水 但其水源不一定来自真正的泉水 can sell so-called spring water without getting it straight from an actual spring. 297 00:17:28,630 --> 00:17:29,590 {\an8}（天然矿泉水） 298 00:17:29,670 --> 00:17:32,550 他们可以凿开地下含水层 They can just drill straight into an underground aquifer, 299 00:17:32,630 --> 00:17:37,680 只要这里连接着某处泉水 任何泉水即可 so long as it's connected, somewhere, to a spring, any spring. 300 00:17:38,310 --> 00:17:39,930 地下水的问题是 The trick with groundwater is 301 00:17:40,020 --> 00:17:43,690 如果你取水的速度 比自然恢复的速度要快 if you pump it out faster than nature naturally recharges it, 302 00:17:43,770 --> 00:17:45,270 地下水的水位会降低 groundwater levels drop. 303 00:17:45,650 --> 00:17:49,980 就好像一个浴缸 如果下水比注水快 It's like a bathtub. If the the drain is bigger than the faucet going in, 304 00:17:50,070 --> 00:17:51,320 浴缸的水位就会降低 the bathtub level drops. 305 00:17:53,570 --> 00:17:55,610 我们看着水井干涸 We're seeing wells dry up. 306 00:17:55,860 --> 00:17:59,580 看到由地下水流系统支持的溪流干涸 We're seeing streams that are fed by groundwater systems dry up, 307 00:17:59,660 --> 00:18:01,160 生态系统被破坏 and ecosystems be devastated. 308 00:18:01,250 --> 00:18:03,250 {\an8}（加拿大拒绝雀巢水） Streams should run free! 309 00:18:03,330 --> 00:18:06,210 雀巢水对于瓶装水工厂的建议 Nestlé's proposals for bottled water plants saw 310 00:18:06,290 --> 00:18:08,290 有越来越多的民众开始反对 greater and greater public opposition. 311 00:18:09,090 --> 00:18:11,420 这致使雀巢去其他地方 寻找可以建厂的地方 Say no to Nestlé. And that forced Nestlé to find places 312 00:18:11,420 --> 00:18:13,100 {\an8}（干净的水源是人类的权利） where they could build a plant, 313 00:18:13,100 --> 00:18:16,140 可以得到大量的地下水资源 where they could access large quantities of groundwater, 314 00:18:16,220 --> 00:18:19,010 也不会有太多公众反对 and where there would be a little less public opposition. 315 00:18:19,100 --> 00:18:20,680 {\an8}（水是生命之源 并非金钱之源） 316 00:18:20,760 --> 00:18:23,020 不确定那样的地方是否会存在 It's not at all clear that any such place exists. 317 00:18:23,100 --> 00:18:25,100 是谁的水？ Whose water is it? 318 00:18:25,480 --> 00:18:26,650 我们的！ Ours! 319 00:18:26,730 --> 00:18:28,480 是谁的水？ Whose water is it? 320 00:18:28,560 --> 00:18:29,440 我们的！ Ours! 321 00:18:30,820 --> 00:18:33,030 雀巢在康涅狄格州被控诉 Nestlé has been sued in Connecticut 322 00:18:33,110 --> 00:18:33,990 {\an8}（停止贪婪、专治、窃取） 323 00:18:34,070 --> 00:18:35,490 由于波兰泉水市场营销的真实性 over the truthfulness of Poland Spring marketing. 324 00:18:35,610 --> 00:18:38,570 在加州 环境学家在控诉联邦政府 In California, environmentalists sued the federal government 325 00:18:38,660 --> 00:18:41,540 让其停止雀巢继续用 过期的资格证提取水源 to stop Nestlé from pumping with an expired permit. 326 00:18:41,660 --> 00:18:43,500 资格证之后才被更新 The permit was then renewed. 327 00:18:43,580 --> 00:18:46,460 雀巢在密歇根州西部被控诉 And Nestlé is being sued in western Michigan 328 00:18:46,540 --> 00:18:49,710 因为当地居民非常憎恶他们 by residents who hate the idea 329 00:18:49,790 --> 00:18:52,210 用大量的密歇根州水 that Nestlé is making off with billions of gallons of Michigan water 330 00:18:52,300 --> 00:18:55,220 销往各处来赚取高额利润 and selling it anywhere they like at a huge profit. 331 00:18:56,550 --> 00:18:58,840 这里是最好的停车地方 This is about as good a cross as any. 332 00:19:04,060 --> 00:19:06,890 吉姆姆特伦是个退休的警察 Jim Maturen is a retired policeman. 333 00:19:06,980 --> 00:19:10,230 约翰麦克莱恩的工作是土地测量师 John McClane made a career as a land surveyor. 334 00:19:10,980 --> 00:19:15,610 他们现在是密歇根居民 水资源保护组织的领导者 Today, they are leaders of Michigan Citizens for Water Conservation. 335 00:19:16,700 --> 00:19:17,820 真正的密歇根人 Real Michigan. 336 00:19:19,360 --> 00:19:21,780 这座山？假的广告 This mountain? False advertising. 337 00:19:22,240 --> 00:19:25,250 你永远不会在密歇根找到一处雪山 You won't ever find a mountain of ice in Michigan. 338 00:19:26,370 --> 00:19:29,540 这两位是冲在 雀巢和当地居民战争中间 These two are the front-line troops 339 00:19:29,630 --> 00:19:31,590 最前线的人 in the never ending war between citizens and Nestlé. 340 00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:33,460 我让你领路 I'll let you lead the way there. 341 00:19:36,420 --> 00:19:38,680 雪山不是在密歇根 Ice Mountain didn't start in Michigan. 342 00:19:39,430 --> 00:19:42,010 这座泉水的源头是缅因州 The original source of the spring was in Maine. 343 00:19:42,470 --> 00:19:44,310 然后雀巢在宾夕法尼亚州的 Then, Nestlé pumped Ice Mountain 344 00:19:44,390 --> 00:19:47,390 艾伦镇附近提取井水 out of wells drilled near Allentown, Pennsylvania. 345 00:19:47,560 --> 00:19:52,310 1999年 雀巢试着把他们的水泵 移到威斯康辛州 In 1999, Nestlé tried to move their pumps again, to Wisconsin. 346 00:19:52,820 --> 00:19:56,990 一如既往 他们这么做 引来了很多关注 As usual, the push to drill attracted plenty of attention. 347 00:19:58,070 --> 00:20:01,780 巴黎水公司或是其他发展的公司 The Perrier Group, or any other development company, 348 00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:04,120 必须要证明 is gonna have to prove 349 00:20:04,200 --> 00:20:08,210 这么做不会以环境为代价 that the proposed use is not gonna compromise the environment 350 00:20:08,290 --> 00:20:10,460 或是威胁到水资源 or endanger our water resources. 351 00:20:10,540 --> 00:20:11,710 如果他们可以做到 And if they do that, 352 00:20:12,290 --> 00:20:13,920 欢迎来到沃什拉县 uh, welcome to Waushara County. 353 00:20:14,630 --> 00:20:16,260 但是雀巢在威斯康辛州也被控诉 But Nestlé was sued in Wisconsin, too. 354 00:20:16,340 --> 00:20:17,550 {\an8}（鳟鱼规定） 355 00:20:17,670 --> 00:20:19,720 随着反对者呼声越来越高 As their opponents gathered momentum, 356 00:20:19,930 --> 00:20:22,760 雀巢放弃威斯康辛州 寻找别的地方 Nestlé gave up on Wisconsin and looked elsewhere. 357 00:20:22,850 --> 00:20:27,180 我认为他们是看到了茶叶 所以来密歇根州确认水源 I think they saw the tea leaves and so came to Michigan to identify a source of water 358 00:20:27,560 --> 00:20:32,310 看是否满足他们的运作 that might be sufficient for their operation. 359 00:20:33,400 --> 00:20:34,690 是一个明智之举 It was a smart move. 360 00:20:34,770 --> 00:20:38,190 几百万年的地质变化 使得密歇根州 Millions of years of geologic change have made Michigan the epicenter 361 00:20:38,280 --> 00:20:40,950 成为北美淡水资源中心 of fresh water in North America. 362 00:20:41,610 --> 00:20:44,490 雀巢就驻扎在了圣殿泉 Nestlé settled on a site called Sanctuary Springs. 363 00:20:44,580 --> 00:20:47,410 他们申请从地下每天 They filed applications to pump about half a million gallons 364 00:20:47,490 --> 00:20:48,910 抽取190万升水 out of the ground every day. 365 00:20:49,660 --> 00:20:52,500 他们知道会遇到争议 The company anticipated controversy. 366 00:20:52,580 --> 00:20:56,130 雀巢在全州奔走 Nestlé had gone around the state 367 00:20:56,210 --> 00:20:59,550 总结了一份非常完美的报告 and had developed a very nice, glossy report 368 00:20:59,630 --> 00:21:02,470 和全州的很多团体分享 that they shared with lots of groups, 369 00:21:02,550 --> 00:21:06,310 还有环境团体 公共利益团体 environmental groups, public interest groups all over the state. 370 00:21:06,890 --> 00:21:12,810 那份报告基本上是说 “你不用担心 And the report basically said, "You really don't have to worry. 371 00:21:12,900 --> 00:21:16,110 这会带来工作 经济 还有税收 This is jobs, economy, tax base. 372 00:21:16,940 --> 00:21:19,280 我们提取水源不会伤害任何人” We're not taking enough water to hurt anybody." 373 00:21:20,320 --> 00:21:23,110 吉姆奥尔森是特拉弗斯城的公益律师 Jim Olson is a public-interest lawyer in Traverse City. 374 00:21:23,780 --> 00:21:26,950 2000年 密歇根居民水资源保护组织 In 2000, Michigan Citizens for Water Conservation, 375 00:21:27,030 --> 00:21:29,200 不相信雀巢的报告 unpersuaded by Nestlé's assurances, 376 00:21:29,330 --> 00:21:32,750 雇佣了奥尔森来对抗这个喝水巨人 hired Olson to stand up to the thirsty giant. 377 00:21:32,830 --> 00:21:35,880 我这些年来代表了很多机构 I've represented lots of organizations over the years. 378 00:21:35,960 --> 00:21:41,340 压力非常大 迈出那一步的压力很大 The pressure is right here in the throat. The anxiety of making that step is huge. 379 00:21:41,420 --> 00:21:44,220 尤其是 你要知道 Particularly with a, you know... 380 00:21:44,470 --> 00:21:47,470 一边是一个巨大的公司 On the one side, a massive company 381 00:21:47,550 --> 00:21:50,430 相对来说没有经济限制 that has no financial limits, comparatively. 382 00:21:50,520 --> 00:21:54,230 公司可以提出动议 做任何他们想做的事情 Well, companies can file motions and do what they want to do, 383 00:21:54,730 --> 00:21:56,400 每个案子有自己的寿命 and it has a life of its own. 384 00:21:56,810 --> 00:21:59,360 这个案子已经八、九年了 This one happened to have a life of eight or nine years. 385 00:22:00,940 --> 00:22:03,820 雀巢的律师很多时候 都是花时间在法庭上 Nestlé lawyers spend a lot of time in courtrooms. 386 00:22:03,950 --> 00:22:07,120 2016年 雀巢面临指控 Since 2016, Nestlé has faced accusations 387 00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:09,790 在非洲的巧克力产业 使用奴隶劳工 of slave labor in their African chocolate business 388 00:22:10,450 --> 00:22:12,250 还有在宠物食品行业 and in their pet food business. 389 00:22:12,580 --> 00:22:14,830 在印度 他们在打官司 They fought a lawsuit claiming that there's lead 390 00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:16,500 被控面条里有铅成分 in the noodles they make in India 391 00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:19,710 他们还被控诉 在美国制作的婴儿奶粉包装上 and another claiming that there are lies on the labels 392 00:22:19,800 --> 00:22:22,010 有不实信息 of the baby formula they make in the US. 393 00:22:22,380 --> 00:22:25,130 这都不算关于水的官司 And that's not counting all the water lawsuits. 394 00:22:32,270 --> 00:22:33,140 你准备好了吗？ You ready? 395 00:22:34,600 --> 00:22:36,810 但是奥尔森的争论是非常直接的 But Olson's argument was straightforward. 396 00:22:37,190 --> 00:22:40,190 雀巢对于他们对水资源的影响 轻描淡写 That Nestlé was downplaying the impact of their pumping, 397 00:22:40,270 --> 00:22:43,110 他们的瓶装水生意在掏空 and that their bottling would significantly deplete 398 00:22:43,240 --> 00:22:44,610 当地的水资源 local water resources. 399 00:22:45,450 --> 00:22:47,910 -我们失去了28厘米的水 -是啊 -We lost about 14 inches of water. -Yeah. Yeah. 400 00:22:48,280 --> 00:22:53,040 是啊 当一个人在超市买瓶装水的时候 When a person buys a bottled water in the grocery store, 401 00:22:53,120 --> 00:22:56,460 当他们看到包装上的“矿泉水” when they see "spring water" on that bottle, as opposed to not, 402 00:22:57,210 --> 00:23:00,460 他们实际上在喝的是 they're drinking water that comes from a spring 403 00:23:00,540 --> 00:23:03,210 形成一个湖泊或溪流的水 每喝一小口水 that forms a lake or stream. So every time they take a sip, 404 00:23:03,340 --> 00:23:05,380 他们都是在掏空这口水所属于的 they're depriving that lake or stream 405 00:23:05,470 --> 00:23:07,130 那个湖或者溪水 of the water that it would have been entitled to. 406 00:23:11,720 --> 00:23:12,600 奥尔森赢了 Olson won. 407 00:23:13,470 --> 00:23:15,520 法官停止了雀巢的水泵 The judge in the case shut down Nestlé's pumps. 408 00:23:17,940 --> 00:23:20,020 然后雀巢就搬到了艾瓦特 And that's when Nestlé moved on to Evart 409 00:23:20,150 --> 00:23:22,770 开始从镇上的井里买水 and began buying water from the town's wells. 410 00:23:24,480 --> 00:23:26,780 现在 这个公司干嘛要卖矿泉水？ Now, why does a company even sell spring water? 411 00:23:26,860 --> 00:23:31,030 这是个市场卖点 和任何事都没关系 It's a marketing niche. It has nothing to do with anything else. 412 00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:32,910 这是个市场卖点 It's a marketing niche, 413 00:23:32,920 --> 00:23:36,120 这么做的公司 相信他们的水可以卖的更多 and I think companies that do that believe that they can sell their water for more. 414 00:23:36,120 --> 00:23:37,520 {\an8}（冰山天然矿泉水） 415 00:23:38,670 --> 00:23:40,790 奥尔森的胜利只是暂时的 Olson's victory was temporary. 416 00:23:45,300 --> 00:23:47,720 雀巢的律师让水龙头再次打开 Nestlé's lawyers got the taps turned on again 417 00:23:47,800 --> 00:23:51,600 这次是在圣殿湖 比原来的取水量减掉一半 at Sanctuary Springs at half of their original volume. 418 00:23:52,550 --> 00:23:54,060 为了保险起见 So just to hedge their bets, 419 00:23:54,140 --> 00:23:58,350 他们启动了艾瓦特附近的资源 从那里也提取水源 Nestlé activated a well near Evart and started pumping there, too. 420 00:23:59,480 --> 00:24:00,940 在西北部 To the northwest, 421 00:24:01,520 --> 00:24:06,320 雀巢从自己的水资源 获取矿泉水 that's where Nestlé acquires the water from their own property. 422 00:24:06,860 --> 00:24:09,820 他们从这里取水 因为这里是泉水所在的地方 They tap water from this site because this is where the springs are. 423 00:24:09,910 --> 00:24:11,240 {\an8}（约翰麦克莱恩 活动家） 424 00:24:11,660 --> 00:24:14,620 他们为了这么做 拿到了使用权 They have a use permit in order to do that. 425 00:24:14,700 --> 00:24:20,290 这里完美适合攫取 60米深的地下水 So, it's perfectly situated by virtue of being drilled 196 feet deep. 426 00:24:22,170 --> 00:24:24,920 现在雀巢更加贪心 And now, Nestlé wants more. 427 00:24:25,550 --> 00:24:27,300 这里的取水量 It has applied to nearly double 428 00:24:27,380 --> 00:24:29,420 几乎是两倍之多 the extraction of water from the ground here. 429 00:24:30,130 --> 00:24:31,010 再一次 So once again, 430 00:24:31,090 --> 00:24:35,180 密歇根居民水资源保护组织 控诉要阻止他们 Michigan Citizens for Water Conservation have sued to stop them. 431 00:24:36,100 --> 00:24:40,230 吉姆姆特伦和约翰麦克莱恩 一起工作 And Jim Maturen and John McClane are working to demonstrate 432 00:24:40,440 --> 00:24:43,020 证明雀巢的提取对分水线 已经造成了破坏 that this pumping has already harmed the watershed, 433 00:24:43,480 --> 00:24:45,650 提高取水量只会更糟糕 and turning up the tap will only be worse. 434 00:24:47,070 --> 00:24:49,990 这里是齐佩瓦溪流的源头 This is the headwaters of Chippewa Creek right here. 435 00:24:50,860 --> 00:24:53,410 看到那边的苔藓了吗？ You see some of that moss lying there? 436 00:24:53,740 --> 00:24:55,660 看到那边裸露的树根？ You see those exposed roots there? 437 00:24:56,080 --> 00:24:58,330 水位线本应该要比那里高的 That water would have been above that point. 438 00:24:58,700 --> 00:25:01,290 可能在过去15年内是这样 Probably in the last 15 years or so. 439 00:25:07,960 --> 00:25:11,380 这些特别兴趣小组 他们并不是科学家 These special interest groups, they're not scientists. 440 00:25:11,470 --> 00:25:13,260 他们不明白 They don't understand really. 441 00:25:13,340 --> 00:25:16,720 他们只看到水位的上升和下降 They just see the levels come up and go down in the creeks and stuff, 442 00:25:16,810 --> 00:25:20,770 他们就是用那个作为例子 说溪水在紧缩 and they always use that as an example where the creeks are shrinking. 443 00:25:21,850 --> 00:25:25,270 几乎没有真实的数据 几乎没有真实的科学 There's very little actual data. There's very little actual science. 444 00:25:25,520 --> 00:25:29,990 一方面 你有雀巢给你提供很多数据 On the one side, you have Nestlé, all of whose data, you know, 445 00:25:30,240 --> 00:25:33,030 可以很神奇地显示没有影响 magically shows that they are having no impact. 446 00:25:33,280 --> 00:25:34,950 当然是他们自己的研究 That comes from their own studies. 447 00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:36,740 另一方面 你时常有 And on the other side, 448 00:25:36,830 --> 00:25:38,950 社区活跃分子 在这里居住了50年的居民 you often have community members who've been there 50 years 449 00:25:39,120 --> 00:25:43,960 非常确信 提取水会对溪流有影响 and absolutely are certain that that pumping is damaging the streams 450 00:25:44,290 --> 00:25:46,710 那些溪流是他们从小看到大的 that they've, you know, been watching since they were children. 451 00:25:51,670 --> 00:25:53,050 只有这么多水了 Well, there's that much water. 452 00:25:59,180 --> 00:26:03,390 雀巢公司没有派代表 来参与拍摄这部纪录片 Nestlé did not make a representative available to appear in this documentary. 453 00:26:03,770 --> 00:26:07,110 取而代之的是 他们提供一个 关于所有问题的回答 Instead, they provided a statement answering written questions. 454 00:26:10,070 --> 00:26:13,740 公司的这份声明表示 若没有保护水资源 The company's statement asserted that investing in the Michigan operation 455 00:26:13,820 --> 00:26:16,820 就在密歇根州投资运作的话 without safeguarding the water resource would, quote, 456 00:26:17,070 --> 00:26:19,200 是“贬低了我们公司的成功 "undermine the success of our business 457 00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:23,040 也与公司持有的做人做事的理念背道而驰” and go against every value we hold as people and as a company." 458 00:26:23,960 --> 00:26:27,080 2019年五月 雀巢宣布 And in May 2019, Nestlé announced 459 00:26:27,170 --> 00:26:30,960 美国地质调查一直在监控 that the US Geologic Survey is monitoring water levels 460 00:26:31,050 --> 00:26:32,800 齐佩瓦和双子湖的水位 in Chippewa Creek and Twin Creek. 461 00:26:33,590 --> 00:26:35,760 是由密歇根环境河流资源部门 Technically, the effort is coordinated 462 00:26:35,840 --> 00:26:38,850 协调完成的 by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy. 463 00:26:39,930 --> 00:26:43,180 但是雀巢 这个希望第三方数据 可以客观平息公众的反对的公司 But Nestlé, which hopes that objective third-party data 464 00:26:43,270 --> 00:26:45,890 却在为这个报告买单 will calm public opposition, is paying. 465 00:26:48,150 --> 00:26:51,400 要知道这很难 当所有人都来找你麻烦 You know, it's hard when everybody comes after you. 466 00:26:53,320 --> 00:26:57,280 你会总是很丢脸 因为为自己辩解很难 You can't always throw your face out there 'cause it's always hard to defend yourself 467 00:26:57,300 --> 00:27:00,300 尤其是各方面都做的很完美的时候 他们是保守主义者 when you're doing everything perfect. They are conservationists. 468 00:27:00,300 --> 00:27:02,700 相信我 他们想要这份水资源 Trust me. They want this water, 469 00:27:02,790 --> 00:27:05,290 他们和我们一样 希望这份水资源可以长寿 and they want it to last as long as we want it to last. 470 00:27:05,750 --> 00:27:08,920 他们为什么在当地社区 投资百万美金之后 Why would they want to dry up when they invested million dollar- 471 00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:11,000 希望水资源消耗殆尽呢？ millions of dollars in this community? 472 00:27:11,460 --> 00:27:13,050 所以 他们知道自己在做什么 So, they know what they're doing. 473 00:27:14,010 --> 00:27:15,420 我个人是这么认为的 I personally believe that. 474 00:27:16,130 --> 00:27:16,970 但是… But... 475 00:27:18,550 --> 00:27:21,010 他们总是被批评 这不公平 they're always picked on, and it's not fair. 476 00:27:22,430 --> 00:27:26,140 如今 雀巢的水泵每天从 密歇根的水井里 Today, Nestlé pumps 1.1 million gallons of water 477 00:27:26,230 --> 00:27:28,310 抽取400万升的水 from its Michigan wells every day. 478 00:27:28,940 --> 00:27:31,270 尽管有各种官司和抗议 In spite of every lawsuit and protest, 479 00:27:31,360 --> 00:27:36,360 2005年起 雀巢已经提取了110亿升水 since 2005, Nestlé has pumped more than three billion gallons. 480 00:27:37,780 --> 00:27:42,330 以零售价来说 那就相当于是两百亿美金 At retail prices, that can be worth as much as $20 billion on the shelf. 481 00:27:44,330 --> 00:27:48,830 如今 雀巢掌控了将近三分之一的 美国瓶装水市场 Today, Nestlé controls nearly a third of the US bottled water market. 482 00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:51,420 谁拥有这份水资源？ Who owns this water? 483 00:27:53,750 --> 00:27:58,380 某人新奇的观点就是 推广水 包装水 This is a new idea of somebody's to market water, and package it, 484 00:27:58,930 --> 00:28:00,180 然后从中获利 and make a lot of money off it. 485 00:28:00,890 --> 00:28:02,470 但是水是公用的资源 But it's all public water. 486 00:28:03,560 --> 00:28:08,100 你怎么可以提取一部分的水资源 像是地下水 And how can you take a segment of water, like groundwater, this part of an arc, 487 00:28:08,850 --> 00:28:12,400 让一些人放到瓶子里 然后称作是自己私有的产品？ and let somebody put it into a bottle and call it their own? 488 00:28:13,650 --> 00:28:18,070 然后还赚着几十亿美金 通过销售这些瓶装水 And they make billions of dollars off the selling of the bottle of water, 489 00:28:18,570 --> 00:28:21,070 而其他人一无所有 and these people get nothing. 490 00:28:22,530 --> 00:28:23,990 这份矿泉水生意 The spring water business, 491 00:28:24,080 --> 00:28:26,870 19世纪关于健康和养生的迷思 and its 19th century myth about health and wellness, 492 00:28:26,950 --> 00:28:29,460 开始了人们对瓶装水的沉迷 started the bottled water craze. 493 00:28:29,830 --> 00:28:31,330 但是这只是开始 But it was only the beginning. 494 00:28:31,580 --> 00:28:36,210 20世纪90年代 瓶装水 找到了新的盈利方式 In the 1990s, bottlers found a new way to profit off of water 495 00:28:36,670 --> 00:28:37,920 完全不需要提取水 without all the hassle of drilling for it. 496 00:28:38,010 --> 00:28:39,300 {\an8}（饮用水 纯净水? 美国药典） 497 00:28:39,380 --> 00:28:41,180 他们称之为纯净水 They called it purified water. 498 00:28:41,470 --> 00:28:43,180 百事先这么做 然后是可口可乐公司 Pepsi first, and then Coke, 499 00:28:43,260 --> 00:28:49,270 （可口可乐装瓶公司中西部） 他们把整个国家都变成瓶装工厂 they had the entire country covered by bottling plants. 500 00:28:49,430 --> 00:28:51,600 他们使用大量的水资源 They used enormous amounts of water. 501 00:28:51,690 --> 00:28:55,900 可口可乐公司 百事公司 百分之95 百分之93的水 Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, 95, 93% water. 502 00:28:56,270 --> 00:28:59,820 他们所要做的就是发现美国人 And all they had to do was figure out whether Americans would drink 503 00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:03,370 是否会喝一种品牌水 a branded version of water 504 00:29:03,370 --> 00:29:06,420 而这个品牌不是“矿泉水” that wasn't quote-unquote "spring water." 505 00:29:07,490 --> 00:29:09,410 纯水乐是百事公司的 Aquafina is owned by Pepsi. 506 00:29:09,950 --> 00:29:12,960 Dasani是可口可乐公司 Dasani is owned by Coca-Cola. 507 00:29:13,040 --> 00:29:16,340 这两个品牌就包含了百分之20 Together, those two are about 20%, 508 00:29:16,420 --> 00:29:19,710 比百分之20多一些的 全美瓶装水生意 20, little more than 20% of all the bottled water in America. 509 00:29:20,300 --> 00:29:22,510 纯水乐和Dasani是自来水 Aquafina and Dasani are tap water. 510 00:29:22,840 --> 00:29:24,140 可口可乐和百事做的是 And what Coke and Pepsi do is they take water 511 00:29:24,220 --> 00:29:27,390 把已经是干净的饮用水取来 that is already clean, safe drinking water, 512 00:29:27,890 --> 00:29:29,850 通过逆渗透 and they run it through reverse osmosis 513 00:29:29,930 --> 00:29:32,390 去除掉水里的所有东西 to get literally everything that's in the water 514 00:29:32,480 --> 00:29:36,020 这些操作是在奥斯丁 辛辛那提 西雅图 或者奥兰多进行 in Austin, or Cincinnati, or Seattle, or Orlando out of it. 515 00:29:37,230 --> 00:29:40,360 然后加进一些配方 And then they add back in a little recipe, 516 00:29:40,440 --> 00:29:43,700 一小袋矿物质 a little envelope of minerals, 517 00:29:43,950 --> 00:29:46,990 因为完全的纯净水 because totally pure water, distilled water, 518 00:29:47,080 --> 00:29:49,950 蒸馏水 味道并不好喝 really tastes unappealing. 519 00:29:50,040 --> 00:29:52,040 {\an8}（纯净饮用水） 520 00:29:52,540 --> 00:29:56,130 所以如果你在西礁岛 购买Dasani瓶装水 That's also why if you buy a bottle of Dasani in Key West, 521 00:29:56,210 --> 00:30:00,000 和在芝加哥买的是一样的味道 or you buy a bottle of Dasani in Chicago, they taste exactly the same. 522 00:30:00,090 --> 00:30:03,090 相当于把水快餐化 It's sort of the McDonald's hamburgerization of water. 523 00:30:06,970 --> 00:30:09,970 他们把公用的净化水 They're taking water purified in a public system. 524 00:30:10,060 --> 00:30:12,230 变成了商品 They're turning it into a commercial product. 525 00:30:12,850 --> 00:30:15,230 相当于是把公共资源变为私有产品 It's turning a public resource into a private good. 526 00:30:17,860 --> 00:30:22,070 瓶装水比自来水贵多了 Bottled water is ridiculously expensive compared to tap water, 527 00:30:22,150 --> 00:30:24,320 我们所生活的国家 and it is remarkable that we live in a country 528 00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:27,370 每天厕所水的水质相比 where our toilets have better quality water, 529 00:30:27,990 --> 00:30:34,540 世界三分之一国家的水质都要好 真的是非常棒 literally, than the water that about a third or more of the world has access to every day. 530 00:30:38,130 --> 00:30:41,050 如今 那些三分之一的 水资源贫乏地区 Today, that water-starved third of the planet 531 00:30:41,130 --> 00:30:42,920 才是真正赚钱的地方 is where the serious money is. 532 00:30:43,470 --> 00:30:45,430 由于纯净水的成功 Thanks to the success of purified water, 533 00:30:45,510 --> 00:30:49,600 大部分的瓶装水销量 现在进入了发展中国家 a majority of bottled water sales now happen in the developing world. 534 00:30:51,640 --> 00:30:53,730 当你无法获取卫生的饮用水时 When you don't have access to safe water, 535 00:30:53,810 --> 00:30:56,770 当政府无法满足基本的水资源安全 when governments have failed to meet basic needs for water, 536 00:30:57,350 --> 00:30:59,480 瓶装水产业闪亮登场 the bottled water industry has stepped in. 537 00:30:59,770 --> 00:31:01,150 所以我们会看到 And so we see 538 00:31:01,940 --> 00:31:06,990 在世界贫穷地区无处不在的瓶装水 almost ubiquitous bottled water in the poorest parts of the world, 539 00:31:07,360 --> 00:31:10,200 而这些地方甚至买不起瓶装水 where the poorer communities can't buy bottled water. 540 00:31:14,250 --> 00:31:20,040 这样商品化水资源 This productized world of water doesn't do anything 541 00:31:20,210 --> 00:31:23,880 并不能真正帮助需要水的人 to get water to people in the world who desperately need it. 542 00:31:29,090 --> 00:31:33,350 尼日利亚的水资源比其他 非洲国家都要好 Nigeria has better water resources than many African countries, 543 00:31:33,470 --> 00:31:36,430 有很多地表水和地下水 plenty of surface water and substantial aquifers, 544 00:31:37,850 --> 00:31:41,480 但是这个国家正在经历 巨大的水资源危机 and yet the country is struggling with a massive water crisis. 545 00:31:44,230 --> 00:31:46,530 拉各斯是非洲最大的城市 Lagos is the largest city in Africa, 546 00:31:46,990 --> 00:31:50,070 约有2100万人口 with an estimated population of 21 million people. 547 00:31:50,490 --> 00:31:54,910 1900万人口没有公共水资源享用 Nineteen million have no access to government or municipal water. 548 00:31:55,500 --> 00:32:00,540 这个程度的人道主义危机 是西方人无法想象的 It is a humanitarian crisis on a scale most westerners can barely imagine. 549 00:32:01,000 --> 00:32:05,510 现如今 在尼日利亚的 高级瓶装水销量 And today, sales of high-quality, premium bottled water in Nigeria 550 00:32:05,590 --> 00:32:07,920 可以达到每年60亿美金 exceed $6 billion a year. 551 00:32:08,380 --> 00:32:13,810 拉各斯的饮水问题相当严重 The drinking water situation in Lagos is one of the major disasters. 552 00:32:14,600 --> 00:32:16,850 该有水的地方没有水 Water doesn't run when it should, 553 00:32:17,100 --> 00:32:19,520 即使有水了 也不够卫生 无法饮用 and even when it runs, 554 00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:21,270 {\an8}（菲利普查格波 尼日利亚地球之友项目官员） the water is not that clean or safe to drink. 555 00:32:23,060 --> 00:32:25,820 在欧久度 我们没有任何水 We don't have water for use in Ojodu at all, at all, no water. 556 00:32:25,900 --> 00:32:27,610 -我们在受苦 -也没有政府送来的水 We are suffering here. 557 00:32:27,690 --> 00:32:29,740 没有政府的水 完全没有任何水 No government water here at all. No government water. 558 00:32:29,820 --> 00:32:32,490 我的发廊在那里 只有在这个地方 我能买水 My salon is there. It's only this place, I buy water. 559 00:32:32,570 --> 00:32:34,330 -每天都是 -如果这里没水 If there's no water for here, 560 00:32:34,410 --> 00:32:36,870 欧久度哪里都没有水 no water for Ojodu everywhere. 561 00:32:37,540 --> 00:32:42,210 公共自来水资源向城市大部分提供水 一直到20世纪90年代 A system of public taps delivered water to much of the city until the 1990s, 562 00:32:42,670 --> 00:32:47,210 但是拉各斯的人口膨胀 水资源系统却被忽视了 but as Lagos's population exploded, the water system was neglected. 563 00:32:47,550 --> 00:32:51,720 很多人不相信水资源的原因之一 One of the reasons why the people don't trust the water, also, 564 00:32:51,800 --> 00:32:55,510 是因为大部分的水管道都是 经过排水沟 is because most of the pipes go through the gutter. 565 00:32:55,930 --> 00:33:00,440 如她所说 这根管道20年前就坏掉了 And like she has said, this pipe was broken 20 years ago. 566 00:33:00,520 --> 00:33:02,730 -20年 自从2000年开始 -他们还没有来修复 -20 years, since 2000. -They have not come to fix it. 567 00:33:02,810 --> 00:33:05,190 他们已经抱怨过了 They have complained. They've complained. 568 00:33:05,270 --> 00:33:07,690 20年来都没有使用了 是的 It's not used since 20 years ago, yes. 569 00:33:23,670 --> 00:33:25,000 根据联合国 According to the United Nations, 570 00:33:25,290 --> 00:33:27,960 一个四口之家 每天要使用 189升水 a family of four needs about 50 gallons a day 571 00:33:28,170 --> 00:33:30,470 用来饮用、做饭、洗澡和清洁 to drink, cook, bathe, and clean. 572 00:33:31,170 --> 00:33:33,930 很多拉各斯人根本达不到这个数量 Most Lagosians get nowhere close to that amount. 573 00:33:36,510 --> 00:33:40,560 一些幸运的人可以拿到水 只要邻居够慷慨 Some lucky ones get what water they can from a generous neighbor. 574 00:33:42,560 --> 00:33:45,730 你需要洗东西 洗澡 还有很多想做的事情 You need to do washing. You need to bathe. You want to do so many things. 575 00:33:45,810 --> 00:33:46,980 任何要清洁的方面 都需要水 Anything you want to do for cleanliness, you need water, 576 00:33:47,070 --> 00:33:48,020 {\an8}（博森阿德寇亚 拉各斯居民） 577 00:33:48,110 --> 00:33:50,740 这里没有任何水 and there's none, none at all. 578 00:33:52,070 --> 00:33:52,900 早上好 Morning. 579 00:33:53,740 --> 00:33:57,990 博森阿德寇亚 比大部分拉各斯人富有很多 Bosun Adekoya is far wealthier than most of his fellow Lagosians. 580 00:33:58,080 --> 00:33:59,580 他是投资银行家 He's an investment banker, 581 00:33:59,660 --> 00:34:02,580 是尼日利亚股票经纪人有限公司 执行主席 the managing director of Nigerian Stock Brokers Limited. 582 00:34:03,040 --> 00:34:05,380 但是政府也没有给他可用水 But the government doesn't give him water either. 583 00:34:06,710 --> 00:34:09,300 阿德寇亚在他自己的土地上钻井 Adekoya drilled under his own property 584 00:34:09,300 --> 00:34:12,800 直到达到了几十米深的地下水 until he broke into an aquifer hundreds of feet below the city. 585 00:34:13,470 --> 00:34:18,510 在尼日利亚的拉各斯 有庞大的水资源 There is a mass gap of water supply in Lagos, Nigeria. 586 00:34:19,010 --> 00:34:21,810 我从1999年就在这里住 I have been in this neighborhood since 1999. 587 00:34:23,140 --> 00:34:25,100 我挖了个深井 I sunk a deep borehole, 588 00:34:26,060 --> 00:34:27,310 给我自己使用 of course for my use. 589 00:34:28,730 --> 00:34:31,360 这就是水来源的那口井 This is the borehole where this water comes from. 590 00:34:33,860 --> 00:34:35,490 比他需要的提供的还要多 With more water than he needs, 591 00:34:35,570 --> 00:34:38,160 对于他的邻居来说 他就是一个人的水利局 he's a one-man water department for his neighbors. 592 00:34:42,370 --> 00:34:44,910 人们从我的房子取水 People are collecting water from my house. 593 00:34:45,040 --> 00:34:47,380 这很必要 It became necessary because of the gap, 594 00:34:47,750 --> 00:34:51,210 人们需要饮用水来喝 uh, this need for people who have potable water to drink. 595 00:34:57,430 --> 00:35:00,350 但是这个系统是有风险的 But these ad hoc systems come with risks. 596 00:35:02,430 --> 00:35:04,020 水没有被测试过 The water is untested. 597 00:35:06,480 --> 00:35:10,940 分析表示拉各斯的地下水是被污染的 Analysis has shown that the water underneath Lagos is contaminated 598 00:35:11,020 --> 00:35:13,570 里面有废金属和人类废弃物 with toxic metals and human waste. 599 00:35:14,030 --> 00:35:17,530 这个城市的垃圾场 正在向这里的地下水 The city's vast waste dump sites are leeching poisons 600 00:35:17,610 --> 00:35:18,740 渗透有害物质 into the underground water. 601 00:35:19,450 --> 00:35:20,740 在戈嘎达区这里 In the Gbagada quarter, 602 00:35:20,830 --> 00:35:23,870 这个水龙头被当地居民 用来获取饮用水 this tap was eagerly used by residents for drinking water 603 00:35:24,540 --> 00:35:26,080 直到他们开始生病 until they began to fall ill. 604 00:35:28,170 --> 00:35:30,670 第一次喝这个水 The first time we drink this water, 605 00:35:31,040 --> 00:35:32,420 我们都生病了 we fell sick 606 00:35:32,500 --> 00:35:34,630 {\an8}（费服阿楚 拉各斯居民） 607 00:35:34,710 --> 00:35:37,430 因为水非常不好 because of the water is not, is not good. 608 00:35:37,800 --> 00:35:39,050 我那时候很虚弱 I was weak. 609 00:35:39,470 --> 00:35:41,100 我甚至去不了学校 I can't even go to school. 610 00:35:41,720 --> 00:35:43,680 我很害怕 担心死掉 I was scared, maybe I would die. 611 00:35:44,180 --> 00:35:46,180 但是是上帝的力量 But it was the power of God 612 00:35:47,140 --> 00:35:49,270 还有医生帮助我恢复健康 and the doctor that helped me regain again. 613 00:35:50,690 --> 00:35:53,230 现在好了 大家都开心 It is better, and all of us are happier. 614 00:35:53,820 --> 00:35:56,530 我们都被治愈了 我们可以出去玩 We are healed again. We can play outside. 615 00:36:05,450 --> 00:36:10,920 未经测试的水井 是很多没有水资源的贫穷人的来源 Still, untested boreholes are the source for many of the city's waterless poor. 616 00:36:16,590 --> 00:36:19,010 水推车商贩从水井主人那里购买 Pushcart vendors buy from borehole owners, 617 00:36:19,130 --> 00:36:23,430 然后用油桶全天候 将水运到城里各个地方 then move the water through the city from dawn till dusk in jerricans. 618 00:36:25,060 --> 00:36:27,770 拿你的水 付我钱 Just fetch your water, pay me my money, 619 00:36:27,890 --> 00:36:29,270 然后离开 去卖吧 and go away. Go sell it. 620 00:36:32,810 --> 00:36:35,360 这些人带着推车到处移动 You have these men moving with carts. 621 00:36:36,110 --> 00:36:38,530 在推车上的就是水 In those carts, you have gallons of water. 622 00:36:38,610 --> 00:36:41,030 所以 人们都从那里买水 So, people buy from them. 623 00:36:45,370 --> 00:36:46,830 如果从这些推车上买水 If they buy it from these carts, 624 00:36:46,910 --> 00:36:49,710 那一个家庭的水钱是一个月50美金 a family's basic ration will cost $50 a month, 625 00:36:51,040 --> 00:36:54,590 对于一个大部分人每天花费两美金 的国家来说 这是个重担 a hefty burden when most of the country lives on two dollars a day. 626 00:37:07,680 --> 00:37:12,650 在手推商贩之下 还有一个销售将近四千种塑料瓶 Below the pushcarts, there's a chaotic market of nearly 4,000 different outfits 627 00:37:12,900 --> 00:37:16,190 以及俗称小袋的混乱市场 hawking plastic bottles or bags known as sachets. 628 00:37:19,570 --> 00:37:22,950 这个无情变幻莫测的水市场 This ruthless, swirling marketplace for water presented 629 00:37:23,030 --> 00:37:25,780 代表了昭然若揭的生意机会 an all-too-obvious business opportunity. 630 00:37:27,950 --> 00:37:30,000 这里的市场分化成两级 It's created a dual market. 631 00:37:30,250 --> 00:37:31,290 一个是… It's created a... 632 00:37:31,710 --> 00:37:34,170 富人可以买到卫生用水 a market where the rich buy safe water, 633 00:37:34,250 --> 00:37:37,920 一个是穷人喝污染的水而生病 and the poor drink contaminated water and get sick. 634 00:37:42,010 --> 00:37:44,720 瓶装水公司 There's no doubt that bottled water companies are profiting 635 00:37:44,800 --> 00:37:48,260 利用政府没有满足 基本用水卫生和安全这点来获利 from the failure of governments to meet basic needs 636 00:37:48,350 --> 00:37:50,310 毋庸置疑 for safe water and sanitation. 637 00:37:50,390 --> 00:37:53,140 这使得大批人 And that leaves out the vast numbers of people 638 00:37:53,230 --> 00:37:55,940 没办法负担饮用水 也永远无法负担 who can never afford and will never be able to afford 639 00:37:56,020 --> 00:37:57,270 购买瓶装水 to buy bottled water. 640 00:37:58,650 --> 00:38:00,780 在这里的豪华瓶装水 Sales of premium bottled water here 641 00:38:00,860 --> 00:38:04,610 在过去十年里 每年销量上升了百分之七 have climbed seven percent a year for the last ten years. 642 00:38:05,820 --> 00:38:10,540 这些销售巨头是 可口可乐、百事还有雀巢 Sitting at the top of the market are Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Nestlé. 643 00:38:11,250 --> 00:38:12,660 对于普通尼日利亚人来说 For the average Nigerian, 644 00:38:12,750 --> 00:38:16,540 买一瓶这样的水要花掉半天的工资 a single bottle of this kind of water costs about a half a day's pay. 645 00:38:16,630 --> 00:38:18,420 {\an8}（纯水乐） 646 00:38:21,920 --> 00:38:24,130 也就是说 大部分是有钱人 饮用这些水 That means it's mostly drunk by the wealthy 647 00:38:24,720 --> 00:38:27,640 还有尼日利亚日渐增加的中产阶级 and Nigeria's swiftly expanding middle class. 648 00:38:30,510 --> 00:38:35,140 很多人 如果可以负担得起 会买瓶装水 More and more people, they can afford the bottled water, which they trust. 649 00:38:41,980 --> 00:38:43,860 会把冰箱放满水 他们储藏水 Their fridges are stocked, they store them, 650 00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:45,820 这是个大生意 so it's this big business. 651 00:38:48,990 --> 00:38:53,500 雀巢2005年在拉各斯建立了 它第一个工厂 Nestlé built its first plant in Nigeria near Lagos in 2005. 652 00:38:54,080 --> 00:38:58,960 他们利用反渗透净化水 和Dasani还有纯水乐一样的程序 It uses reverse osmosis, the same process that purifies Dasani and Aquafina. 653 00:38:59,500 --> 00:39:02,760 雀巢霸占了美国 Nestlé has dominated what we call the spring water market 654 00:39:02,840 --> 00:39:03,840 矿泉水市场 in the United States, 655 00:39:04,630 --> 00:39:09,180 但是雀巢有一款非矿泉水品牌 but Nestlé also has a processed, non-spring water brand 656 00:39:09,260 --> 00:39:10,470 他们称为优活品牌 that they call Pure Life, 657 00:39:10,680 --> 00:39:12,810 大批销往发展中国家 largely created for the developing world, 658 00:39:13,140 --> 00:39:17,020 一些没有可用安全水的大城市 to try and standardize and capture the market for bottled water 659 00:39:17,440 --> 00:39:22,230 尝试统一化和获得瓶装水市场 in places where safe water typically isn't available in some of the biggest cities. 660 00:39:22,940 --> 00:39:26,400 优活是全球销量第一的瓶装水品牌 Pure Life is the best selling brand of bottled water in the world, 661 00:39:26,490 --> 00:39:29,990 帮助雀巢占取了十分之一的 全球水市场 helping Nestlé claim 10% of the global bottled water market. 662 00:39:30,570 --> 00:39:33,330 在尼日利亚的初次登场非常成功 The rollout in Nigeria was so successful 663 00:39:33,580 --> 00:39:36,500 2016年 雀巢又建了第二座工厂 that in 2016, Nestlé built a second plant 664 00:39:36,580 --> 00:39:39,460 沿着首都城市阿布贾的高速而建 along the highway that feeds the capital city, Abuja. 665 00:39:45,460 --> 00:39:48,720 他们的选址就在贫困的村庄 曼德莱季 Their chosen site happened to be the impoverished village of Manderegi. 666 00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:52,010 {\an8}（尼日利亚曼德莱季社区） 667 00:39:54,060 --> 00:40:00,650 你来参观的这个地方 由我的曾祖父建立 This place that you've come to visit was first settled in by my great grandfather. 668 00:40:00,940 --> 00:40:03,360 是打猎让他来到这里 It was hunting that brought him here 669 00:40:03,440 --> 00:40:05,860 然后有了我们的祖父 然后就是我们 until he had our grandfather, and then we were born. 670 00:40:08,990 --> 00:40:11,990 阿哈吉嘎巴是曼德莱季的酋长 Alhaji Garba is the chief of Manderegi. 671 00:40:12,740 --> 00:40:18,410 2016年 嘎巴所居住的地方 就是尼日利亚农村的很好写照 In 2016, the village Garba presides over was a perfect snapshot of rural Nigeria. 672 00:40:20,670 --> 00:40:23,630 女人和孩子们一如既往地 Women and children collected water where they always had, 673 00:40:23,960 --> 00:40:27,300 在村子东面的泥河里收集水 a muddy river running along the eastern boundary of the village. 674 00:40:31,720 --> 00:40:36,100 他们把水放到盆子里 可以重到70斤 They carried it home in basins weighing as much as 80 pounds each. 675 00:40:42,060 --> 00:40:44,980 想象一下一天要花一个小时去收集水 Imagine having to spend an hour a day just getting your water. 676 00:40:45,230 --> 00:40:50,070 真的是很浪费人力和时间 What a waste of human effort and, and, and, and time! 677 00:40:50,150 --> 00:40:52,570 简直是浪费生命 对吗？ And, I mean, what a waste of your life, right? 678 00:40:54,410 --> 00:40:56,120 这时候 雀巢来了 Then, Nestlé came. 679 00:40:58,620 --> 00:41:01,330 他们给我们看了政府文件 They showed us the government paper 680 00:41:02,210 --> 00:41:04,590 表示这片土地归他们所有 that shows the land belongs to them, 681 00:41:05,750 --> 00:41:07,050 他们买了这片土地 that they've bought the land. 682 00:41:09,470 --> 00:41:16,060 所以我们去那里 雀巢也作出承诺 So, we went there, and Nestlé made promises. 683 00:41:16,560 --> 00:41:18,270 他们只是口头承诺 They were making verbal promises. 684 00:41:18,640 --> 00:41:19,520 并没有白纸黑字 It wasn't on paper. 685 00:41:19,600 --> 00:41:20,810 {\an8}（阿哈吉嘎巴 曼德莱季酋长） 686 00:41:20,890 --> 00:41:24,520 但是去那里的人都同意了 But the people that went there agreed. 687 00:41:25,360 --> 00:41:29,110 他们说如果可以拿到需要的水 They said if they're able to get the water they need, 688 00:41:29,240 --> 00:41:32,200 他们愿意给我们需要的东西 they'll give us anything we need. 689 00:41:33,360 --> 00:41:35,490 他们说如果可以拿到需要的水 They said if they're able to get the water they need, 690 00:41:36,120 --> 00:41:39,200 他们可以给我们饮用水 they'll give us water to drink. 691 00:41:40,450 --> 00:41:42,710 学校 他们可以修 School; they will repair our schools. 692 00:41:45,500 --> 00:41:48,800 七、八、九、十 Seven, eight, nine, ten. 693 00:41:49,670 --> 00:41:50,760 一件事可以肯定 One thing was for sure. 694 00:41:51,220 --> 00:41:55,010 这些村民负担不起优活水 These villagers would not be able to afford the bottles of Pure Life 695 00:41:55,090 --> 00:41:56,970 即使是从他们地下汲取的 that would be pumped from underneath them. 696 00:42:00,310 --> 00:42:03,520 所以雀巢做了个公众承诺 So Nestlé made another very public promise. 697 00:42:05,650 --> 00:42:08,610 其中一个重要的行动就是提供给村民 One of the key initiatives we're working on 698 00:42:08,690 --> 00:42:09,530 {\an8}（雀巢视频） 699 00:42:09,610 --> 00:42:12,570 免费卫生的饮用水 is to provide the villagers with access to free, safe drinking water, 700 00:42:12,650 --> 00:42:16,700 这个项目 我们下个月要推行的 雀巢水喷泉项目 and this project, with the Nestlé water fountains that we launch next month, 701 00:42:16,740 --> 00:42:19,200 应该给一千多个村民 should provide access to clean, fresh, safe drinking water 702 00:42:19,290 --> 00:42:21,370 提供干净、新鲜、卫生的饮用水 to over 1,000 villagers. 703 00:42:22,250 --> 00:42:26,880 也许是真的 但是曼德莱季有两千村民 That may be true, but Manderegi is home to 2,000 villagers. 704 00:42:27,750 --> 00:42:30,000 自来水在2016年建好 The taps were completed in 2016. 705 00:42:30,550 --> 00:42:32,300 他们并没有给我们水 They didn't give us water. 706 00:42:32,720 --> 00:42:36,260 他们在门口守着水 说要服务社区 They kept the water by the gate and said they've served the community. 707 00:42:36,640 --> 00:42:38,050 看看水在哪里 Look at where the water is. 708 00:42:42,390 --> 00:42:46,850 工厂离村庄的距离 是河流离村庄距离的四倍 The plant is four times the distance from the village that the river is. 709 00:42:46,940 --> 00:42:51,610 所以每天要花四倍的时间去取水 So walking to the taps quadruples the time spent collecting water every day. 710 00:42:57,030 --> 00:43:01,790 只有不到一半甚至四分之一的人 去取雀巢的水 Not even half or a quarter take the Nestlé water. 711 00:43:04,040 --> 00:43:07,420 所有人还是去河边取水 因为离着近 All the people are going to the river because it is nearer. 712 00:43:14,220 --> 00:43:16,760 我醒了之后 就去河那里 (Esther Hussaini When I wake up, I head to the river. 713 00:43:17,510 --> 00:43:20,010 回来之后 扫地 When I'm back, I sweep, 714 00:43:20,260 --> 00:43:21,970 清洗盘子 然后做饭 then I wash plates, then I cook. 715 00:43:22,390 --> 00:43:25,890 下午 如果在陶罐里没有水 我会再去一次 In the afternoon, if I don't have water in the earthen pot, I go again. 716 00:43:28,600 --> 00:43:31,320 曼德莱季由通往阿布贾的公路 被分为东部和西部 Manderegi is split into an eastern half and a western half 717 00:43:31,400 --> 00:43:32,440 {\an8}（曼德莱季） by the road to Abuja. 718 00:43:34,740 --> 00:43:36,740 河流在东面 The river is on the eastern side. 719 00:43:36,820 --> 00:43:38,570 就是雀巢工厂的所在地 So is the Nestlé plant. 720 00:43:38,910 --> 00:43:42,370 2014年 一条单排小路被重新修建 In 2014, the slow, single-lane road was rebuilt 721 00:43:42,450 --> 00:43:44,910 变为双道高速路 into this high-speed two-lane highway. 722 00:43:46,960 --> 00:43:49,250 不论是去河边还是工厂 Whether they go to the river or the plant, 723 00:43:49,460 --> 00:43:53,460 西部的居民都要跨过高速交通路 the western villagers have to make it across the high-speed traffic. 724 00:43:58,220 --> 00:44:00,300 如果下午有太多车 If there are too many cars in the afternoon, 725 00:44:01,300 --> 00:44:03,680 我就晚上去 I go in the evening. 726 00:44:04,520 --> 00:44:10,060 如果早上去晚上也去 要花费很长时间 If I go in the morning and go in the evening, it takes a lot of hours. 727 00:44:10,850 --> 00:44:15,690 我要花五个小时的时间 因为车实在太多了 I spend as much as five hours because there are too many cars passing, 728 00:44:15,780 --> 00:44:17,190 所以过马路没有那么快了 so we can't cross the road quickly. 729 00:44:17,280 --> 00:44:20,360 这是让我们很头疼的地方 That is what is giving us a problem. 730 00:44:42,180 --> 00:44:44,810 大多数村民都要躲避 高速行驶的卡车 Most villagers dodge the speeding trucks 731 00:44:45,060 --> 00:44:47,060 不论是去河边还是回来 heading for the river and back. 732 00:44:49,020 --> 00:44:50,230 我们有个女儿 We had a daughter. 733 00:44:50,310 --> 00:44:51,770 {\an8}（阿迪扎穆萨 曼德莱季社区成员） 734 00:44:51,850 --> 00:44:55,320 她从农场回来 把落花生放回家 She came back from the farm, and brought groundnut, and dropped it at home, 735 00:44:55,480 --> 00:44:57,030 然后去了河边 and went to the river. 736 00:45:05,830 --> 00:45:08,830 我们从农场回来 水不够家里用 We came back from the farm. Water wasn't enough in the house. 737 00:45:08,910 --> 00:45:11,120 我看看了剩下的水 如果做饭的话 I saw that from what was remaining, if I cook, 738 00:45:11,210 --> 00:45:13,170 我们就不够洗澡的了 we wouldn't have enough left to take our bath, 739 00:45:14,880 --> 00:45:16,590 所以我让她去取一些水 So I told her to go fetch more water. 740 00:45:16,840 --> 00:45:20,260 我正在做饭 人们把她带回来 我听到尖叫声 I was at home cooking when they brought her. I heard screams. 741 00:45:20,340 --> 00:45:23,300 抬回来的是她的尸体 发生什么了？ I heard screams when they brought her body. What happened? 742 00:45:23,590 --> 00:45:25,180 他们说 我的女儿死了 They said my girl is dead. 743 00:45:25,260 --> 00:45:27,010 我晕过去 他们用水把我泼醒 I fainted, and they poured water on me. 744 00:45:28,890 --> 00:45:31,980 怎么会只是去河边取个水 How can someone just go to the river to fetch water, 745 00:45:32,350 --> 00:45:35,520 再听到的就是 and the next thing you hear is 746 00:45:36,400 --> 00:45:42,030 她像一只鞋一样被车压过去？ that she has been run over by a car like a common shoe? 747 00:45:42,780 --> 00:45:45,320 对我来说太痛苦了 我晕过去了 It was so painful to me that I fainted. 748 00:45:45,490 --> 00:45:49,040 他们得不断用水泼醒我 让我恢复意识 They had to pour water on me before I regained consciousness. 749 00:45:50,160 --> 00:45:52,370 他们泼了很多的水 They poured a lot of water on me. 750 00:46:09,350 --> 00:46:11,230 在优活工厂的范围内 Along the perimeter of the Pure Life plant, 751 00:46:11,310 --> 00:46:15,600 坚无不摧的墙有一个管子通过 the wall's unbroken surface is pierced by a drainage pipe. 752 00:46:15,900 --> 00:46:19,480 他们把工厂的废水 排到了当地的河流里 It dumps runoff from the plant back into the local river. 753 00:46:19,940 --> 00:46:22,490 村民不知道废水里都有什么 The villagers don't know what's in this discharge. 754 00:46:22,740 --> 00:46:24,860 但是不论是什么 他们还是会喝水 But whatever it is, they're drinking it. 755 00:46:30,040 --> 00:46:31,290 在他们做这件事之前 Before they did this thing, we are not- 756 00:46:31,540 --> 00:46:34,210 我们不…甚至酋长都不知道 Even the chief of the community is not aware of it. 757 00:46:34,290 --> 00:46:36,710 我们眼见河水在旋转 We just see that the river is churning. 758 00:46:37,170 --> 00:46:38,290 然后就过来检查 Then we come and cross check. 759 00:46:38,840 --> 00:46:42,090 我们检查发现这就是源头 We check, and we see that this where these things start from. 760 00:46:42,300 --> 00:46:45,300 把这些水带到溪水里 他们说我们不可以喝这些水 We take them to the stream. They say we cannot drink this water. 761 00:46:47,550 --> 00:46:51,270 我们说我们需要雀巢给社区提供水 他们说会提供管道 We say we need water from the Nestlé to the community, that you will put pipe. 762 00:46:51,890 --> 00:46:52,770 他们说是的 They say yes. 763 00:46:53,520 --> 00:46:56,850 然后他们说 成本会太高 Later once again, they say the price will be too high. 764 00:47:01,780 --> 00:47:04,610 社区就在下面 离河很近 The community is down there, near the river. 765 00:47:05,860 --> 00:47:09,950 这是我们为什么想要他们 提供给我们水源 That's why we want them to supply us with water, 766 00:47:10,030 --> 00:47:12,750 所以人们可以停止使用河水 so that people will stop using the river water. 767 00:47:13,080 --> 00:47:17,670 因为日常来说 他们会在河里 Because, on a daily basis, 768 00:47:17,750 --> 00:47:21,170 直接清洗东西 they're washing things directly into the river. 769 00:47:21,800 --> 00:47:23,380 他们洗东西 They're washing it in a way 770 00:47:23,460 --> 00:47:25,630 使得整个社区饮用的是不纯净的水 that all the community will drink the impurities. 771 00:47:32,060 --> 00:47:33,930 2019年五月 In May of 2019, 772 00:47:34,100 --> 00:47:37,020 在拍摄结束后的六个月 six months after filming was completed in Manderegi, 773 00:47:37,270 --> 00:47:39,560 雀巢水业联系摄制组 Nestlé Waters contacted this production 774 00:47:39,650 --> 00:47:42,570 说他们“做了调查 to state that it had, quote, "made an investigation 775 00:47:42,940 --> 00:47:45,530 发现有很多需要改善的地方” and identified some improvements to be made," unquote. 776 00:47:47,490 --> 00:47:50,570 雀巢说他们已经让第三方实验室 Nestlé said it had commissioned tests of the runoff from the plant 777 00:47:50,820 --> 00:47:52,790 对废水进行测试 by an independent laboratory, 778 00:47:52,870 --> 00:47:54,620 在声明发表之时 and that up to the time of their statement, 779 00:47:54,700 --> 00:47:56,790 测试表明 废弃物是 the test indicated the discharge was, 780 00:47:56,870 --> 00:48:00,580 “符合规范” quote, "compliant with regulatory norms," unquote. 781 00:48:01,960 --> 00:48:04,630 雀巢说 他们已经修建了 新的太阳能电池 Nestlé said it had installed new solar batteries 782 00:48:04,710 --> 00:48:07,420 修复由该公司攫取的井里的一个水泵 to repair the pump from a borehole the company had dug 783 00:48:07,510 --> 00:48:09,840 让地下水可以流到村子的中心 to bring groundwater into the center of the village. 784 00:48:10,970 --> 00:48:14,060 雀巢也说了 还会再挖另一个井 And, Nestlé said, it would dig another borehole. 785 00:48:14,430 --> 00:48:16,850 这个井会是在高速的西面 This one would be on the western side of the highway, 786 00:48:17,060 --> 00:48:19,560 所以村民可以拿到地下水 so that villagers there could have access to groundwater 787 00:48:19,650 --> 00:48:22,060 而不用穿过高速的车流 without crossing the high-speed traffic. 788 00:48:34,240 --> 00:48:38,160 回到拉各斯 水资源不干净 并不是唯一的问题 Back in Lagos, impurities in the water are not the only concern. 789 00:48:38,830 --> 00:48:42,210 由于几乎整个城市都依赖塑料瓶装水 With the city almost wholly dependent on water delivered in plastic, 790 00:48:43,040 --> 00:48:45,710 拉各斯面临着垃圾处理危机 Lagos now faces a garbage crisis. 791 00:48:46,460 --> 00:48:49,260 你可以看到这些瓶子到处都是 You have these bottles everywhere. 792 00:48:49,720 --> 00:48:52,260 大公司宣传这些瓶子是解决方式 Companies marketing these products as a solution, 793 00:48:53,050 --> 00:48:56,720 干净的水 没有味道的水 安全的水 clean water, odorless water, safe water, 794 00:48:57,060 --> 00:49:00,640 我们每天都有不断增加的挑战 and then the added challenge we have today, 795 00:49:01,270 --> 00:49:03,310 拉各斯的废物处理是个大问题 waste management in Lagos is a major problem, 796 00:49:03,690 --> 00:49:07,360 很大一部分都是瓶子垃圾 and a bulk of that waste is bottled water. 797 00:49:13,450 --> 00:49:16,830 只有百分十的拉各斯废物是被回收的 Only about 10% of Lagos's garbage is recycled. 798 00:49:17,080 --> 00:49:20,410 其余的都在街边堆砌 可以在排水沟里找到 The rest piles up in the streets and drainage ditches. 799 00:49:20,620 --> 00:49:24,840 数吨的瓶子漂流到城市海岸线 From there, tons of discarded water bottles drift to the city shoreline 800 00:49:25,130 --> 00:49:27,000 然后流进大西洋 and then out into the Atlantic, 801 00:49:27,340 --> 00:49:29,550 这样给全球的海洋 where they add to a growing critical mass 802 00:49:29,720 --> 00:49:32,930 造成了更多的漂流塑料垃圾 of plastic waste floating free in the world's oceans. 803 00:49:40,640 --> 00:49:44,900 尼日利亚官员知道这个城市的 塑料垃圾危机的唯一解决方式 Nigerian officials know that the city's plastic crisis can only be solved 804 00:49:44,980 --> 00:49:46,610 和水资源危机解决方式相同 the same way as the water crisis: 805 00:49:46,690 --> 00:49:47,940 {\an8}（拉各斯水公司） 806 00:49:48,030 --> 00:49:50,990 给拉各斯居民提供干净可饮用的水 provide safe, drinkable water to Lagos's people. 807 00:49:52,360 --> 00:49:54,450 难的是如何实现 The hard part is making it happen. 808 00:49:57,620 --> 00:50:00,250 好了 怎么样？我们下去吧 Okay. How's that? Let's go down. 809 00:50:04,920 --> 00:50:08,920 这个饮水公司是拉各斯水公司 的标志性成果 This drinking water plant is the flagship effort 810 00:50:08,920 --> 00:50:12,300 目的是给城市提供干净的水 by the Lagos Water Corporation to provide clean water to the city 811 00:50:12,300 --> 00:50:15,090 所以居民可以不用依赖瓶装水 so the residents don't have to rely on bottled water. 812 00:50:17,760 --> 00:50:18,890 当我们完成这个 When we finish this, 813 00:50:19,770 --> 00:50:23,850 这个地方可以给20万户居民供水 this place with supply over 200,000 households. 814 00:50:24,940 --> 00:50:31,530 马迷努拜德慕斯 拉各斯水公司总经理 20万户家庭 不是20万人 200,000 households does not translate to 200,000 people. 815 00:50:31,740 --> 00:50:36,240 相当于是给更多人提供水 因为每一户家庭约有… It translates to more than that because every household will have about... 816 00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:39,910 -七口？五口？八口 -八口之家 -seven? Five? Eight. -Eight. 817 00:50:42,580 --> 00:50:46,790 马迷努拜德慕斯 是拉各斯水公司的总经理 Muminu Badmus is the managing director of the Lagos Water Corporation. 818 00:50:47,460 --> 00:50:49,840 在尼日利亚出生 他在美国读书 Born in Nigeria, he was educated in the US 819 00:50:49,920 --> 00:50:52,920 有20年工程师和工程经理的经验 and spent 20 years as an engineer and construction manager 820 00:50:53,340 --> 00:50:55,430 在华盛顿特区水利部门供职 at the Water Authority for Washington, DC. 821 00:50:56,220 --> 00:50:58,510 这些是碎石 And this would be gravel? 822 00:50:59,640 --> 00:51:03,520 一个意大利的工程师 已经修了这个工厂五年了 An Italian contractor has been building this plant for five years. 823 00:51:04,480 --> 00:51:06,850 工程现在拖了五年 Construction is now five years behind. 824 00:51:07,560 --> 00:51:10,730 但是即使拜德慕斯的代理商 完成了这座工厂 But even if Badmus's agency finishes building the plant, 825 00:51:11,020 --> 00:51:13,940 水还是不会流入拉各斯的千家万户 the water will still not flow to any residents of Lagos. 826 00:51:14,570 --> 00:51:16,660 没有管道可以运输水 There are no pipes to actually carry the water. 827 00:51:17,740 --> 00:51:22,290 为了铺设这些管道 工程需要更多钱 从私人投资者获取 To lay those pipes, the project will need more money, from private investors. 828 00:51:25,210 --> 00:51:29,790 投资者需要负责从这里连接水流 The investors will be responsible for connecting the flow from here. 829 00:51:30,090 --> 00:51:33,960 这些投资者需要给千家万户提供连接 The investors would provide connection to the households. 830 00:51:34,760 --> 00:51:37,970 我们会招标然后决定谁是投资者 We'll open it up, and then we'll decide who the investor will be. 831 00:51:40,550 --> 00:51:43,270 还没有私人投资者对 这个项目有兴趣 No private investors have signed on to the project yet. 832 00:51:44,020 --> 00:51:46,180 即使有人同意这个合作关系 And even if some do sign up for this partnership, 833 00:51:46,560 --> 00:51:49,440 这个工厂只能提供一百万人水 the plant will only provide clean water 834 00:51:49,730 --> 00:51:51,610 这个城市有1900万人口 to a million of the 19 million who need it. 835 00:51:56,950 --> 00:52:00,530 这也是为什么尼日利亚的 公众基础设施 That's why Nigeria's public infrastructure is no serious threat 836 00:52:00,620 --> 00:52:02,330 对瓶装水产业构不成威胁 to bottled water's domination. 837 00:52:05,160 --> 00:52:09,210 瓶装水生意是为了利益 The bottled water businesses are there for profits. 838 00:52:09,290 --> 00:52:14,130 他们来到这里就是创造了一个 公共水源不好用的想法 They've only served to create a psyche that public water cannot work. 839 00:52:14,500 --> 00:52:16,510 {\an8}（安全） 840 00:52:21,050 --> 00:52:22,260 不幸的是 Unfortunately, 841 00:52:23,180 --> 00:52:25,310 因为政府无能 because of government failure, 842 00:52:26,430 --> 00:52:28,640 缺乏政治意向 lack of political will to make public water work, 843 00:52:29,020 --> 00:52:30,230 去让公共水源运转 844 00:52:30,980 --> 00:52:34,070 这个想法更加深入人心 this narrative continues to be deepened. 845 00:52:37,400 --> 00:52:39,820 这场瓶装水和自来水的战役 This duel, bottle versus tap, 846 00:52:40,110 --> 00:52:41,780 不仅仅是在第三世界国家 is not limited to the third world. 847 00:52:42,740 --> 00:52:46,830 一百年前就有安全的自来水的美国 In the US, where safe tap water was perfected 100 years ago, 848 00:52:46,910 --> 00:52:50,710 弗林特危机让公众更加焦虑 the crisis in Flint has rippled into broad public anxiety. 849 00:52:51,120 --> 00:52:52,330 最近的民意调查显示 In one recent poll, US residents proclaimed 850 00:52:52,580 --> 00:52:59,510 美国居民称水质量是一个严重的 公众安全隐患 就如同海洛因一样 that water quality is as serious a public health concern as heroin abuse. 851 00:53:00,970 --> 00:53:04,970 费城是第一个提供水作为 公共资源的城市 Philadelphia was the first city to provide water as a public utility. 852 00:53:05,060 --> 00:53:08,980 巴克斯特水处理中心 建于1959年 The Baxter Water Treatment facility was built in 1959. 853 00:53:10,940 --> 00:53:14,230 他们的经理知道 他们在打一场公共信任的战役 Its managers know they're in for a fight for public confidence. 854 00:53:14,730 --> 00:53:15,570 -你好 -你好 -Hey, man. -Hey. 855 00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:18,360 人们对自来水不相信 There's a trust issue with the tap water. 856 00:53:18,940 --> 00:53:23,700 那些将自己视为水大使的我们 Those of us who view ourselves as responsible stewards of... 857 00:53:23,870 --> 00:53:25,620 {\an8}（黛布拉麦卡蒂 费城水专员） uh, water... 858 00:53:26,030 --> 00:53:29,200 目标是提供高质量的水 and, um, providing excellent quality water... 859 00:53:32,420 --> 00:53:36,460 个人都非常 非常生气 um... personally, are very... very, um, upset 860 00:53:37,340 --> 00:53:39,210 听到弗林特事件 about what happened in Flint. 861 00:53:40,470 --> 00:53:44,010 我们在想办法重拾公众信心 And we're trying to figure out how we can build that trust 862 00:53:44,090 --> 00:53:46,220 让大家更加相信我们的水 and get folks to trust our water more. 863 00:53:47,760 --> 00:53:49,310 即使只有半个世纪 Even half a century old, 864 00:53:49,390 --> 00:53:52,350 这个工厂一直都在提供 干净安全的饮用水 this plant provides safe, clean drinking water 865 00:53:52,440 --> 00:53:54,520 给75万人 to 750,000 people. 866 00:53:55,980 --> 00:53:57,900 水流进来 The water is coming in. 867 00:53:58,860 --> 00:54:00,570 流过这些滤网 It's hitting these screens right there. 868 00:54:00,650 --> 00:54:02,950 这些滤网排除掉大的杂物 The screens are filtering out the huge items, 869 00:54:03,030 --> 00:54:05,030 然后水接着流 and then the water keeps rolling through, 870 00:54:05,490 --> 00:54:06,410 流过这片工厂 over to the plant. 871 00:54:08,160 --> 00:54:11,500 5.6亿升的水每天在这里被处理 About 150 million gallons a day are processed here. 872 00:54:13,040 --> 00:54:15,330 我们在这个工厂有94个过滤器 We have 94 filters at this plant. 873 00:54:15,420 --> 00:54:19,670 他们都在处理 德拉瓦河流进来的水 They're all treating the water that came in from our Delaware River 874 00:54:20,210 --> 00:54:21,880 通过沉淀池 through our sedimentation basin, 875 00:54:21,970 --> 00:54:23,010 {\an8}（阿贝约翰 工厂经理 巴克斯特水处理工厂） 876 00:54:23,180 --> 00:54:25,140 然后流到这里的过滤器 and eventually, to our filters right here. 877 00:54:25,220 --> 00:54:29,220 这些过滤器里 无烟煤在上面 沙子在下面 It has anthracite coal up top and sand at the bottom. 878 00:54:30,850 --> 00:54:33,850 这是水被处理的最后环节 This is the last spot that the water gets treated 879 00:54:34,190 --> 00:54:36,230 然后就会流到千家万户 before it gets out into the distribution. 880 00:54:39,360 --> 00:54:42,820 当水最终离开工厂 流到普通人家里的时候 When the water finally leaves the plant and flows to the customers 881 00:54:42,900 --> 00:54:45,910 通过上千公里的水管道 through thousands of miles of underground water mains, 882 00:54:45,950 --> 00:54:48,490 其成本不到一美分3.7升 it costs less than a penny a gallon. 883 00:54:52,870 --> 00:54:56,790 令人惊奇的是 你去便利店的冷藏库 The remarkable thing is that if you go to the cold case in a convenience store, 884 00:54:56,880 --> 00:55:00,590 买一瓶波兰泉水需要花费 一美金九美分 and you buy a single bottle of Poland Spring for $1.09, 885 00:55:00,920 --> 00:55:03,840 你可以每天在家里灌满一瓶水 you can fill that bottle every day 886 00:55:04,340 --> 00:55:07,220 这样下来整整八年 at home for eight years! 887 00:55:07,800 --> 00:55:11,310 做做数学 八年乘以365 Do the math on that. Eight years times 365, 888 00:55:11,600 --> 00:55:13,680 你知道的 3000次 three... you know, 3,000 times 889 00:55:14,560 --> 00:55:18,610 才会花费一美金的自来水 before you will have spent a dollar's worth of tap water. 890 00:55:20,360 --> 00:55:23,190 美国人很愿意花钱买高级货 But Americans pay the premium, gladly, 891 00:55:23,280 --> 00:55:28,530 因为越来越少的人 会完全不质疑公用水资源 because fewer and fewer consumers have unquestioning trust in municipal water. 892 00:55:28,990 --> 00:55:30,330 {\an8}（在杰克逊 六万人需要对水进行高温烹煮） 893 00:55:30,410 --> 00:55:32,240 公众恐惧并不是空穴来风 Public fears are not without cause. 894 00:55:32,330 --> 00:55:33,250 {\an8}（烧水建议发布） 895 00:55:33,330 --> 00:55:34,620 {\an8}（烧水建议） 896 00:55:34,700 --> 00:55:36,370 弗林特是最著名的案子 Flint is only the most famous case. 897 00:55:36,460 --> 00:55:37,670 {\an8}（法韦尔烧水通知） 898 00:55:37,750 --> 00:55:40,590 新泽西纽瓦克官员2018年十月承认 Officials in Newark, New Jersey admitted in October 2018 899 00:55:40,670 --> 00:55:41,670 {\an8}（自来水污染） 900 00:55:41,750 --> 00:55:43,920 有四万家庭的水受到铅污染 that as many as 40,000 homes may have lead in their water. 901 00:55:44,010 --> 00:55:44,920 {\an8}（纽瓦克的饮用水有铅） 902 00:55:46,130 --> 00:55:47,430 随意坐 Just take a seat anywhere. 903 00:55:48,260 --> 00:55:49,390 在费城 In Philadelphia, 904 00:55:49,470 --> 00:55:52,560 水部门一直在进行 焦点小组和民意调查 the water department has been conducting focus groups and polls 905 00:55:52,720 --> 00:55:55,350 想要更好明白公众对水的态度 to better understand public attitudes toward water. 906 00:55:56,520 --> 00:55:57,730 一项调查显示 One survey revealed 907 00:55:57,940 --> 00:56:02,860 百分之43的费城居民 在家里饮用瓶装水 that 43% of Philadelphians drink bottled water at home. 908 00:56:03,440 --> 00:56:06,030 调查员发现当只看 The researchers discovered that when they limited the responses 909 00:56:06,110 --> 00:56:07,490 低收入家庭的回应时 to low-income households, 910 00:56:07,700 --> 00:56:10,240 这个数字跳到百分之59 that number jumped to 59%. 911 00:56:10,870 --> 00:56:13,330 事实上 很多城市的居民 The fact that so many people in our cities, 912 00:56:13,740 --> 00:56:16,830 城市都有提供饮用水 cities provided with great drinking water, 913 00:56:17,210 --> 00:56:19,040 但是仍然饮用瓶装水 are still drinking bottled water, 914 00:56:19,120 --> 00:56:22,170 或者他们甚至比稍富有的社区 喝瓶装水的数量还要多 or they're drinking more bottled water than the richer communities, 915 00:56:22,250 --> 00:56:26,420 这非常让人不舒服 也说明公众缺乏信任 is depressing and is an indication of the lack of trust of those communities 916 00:56:26,510 --> 00:56:29,880 他们不相信这些城市有能力来提供 in the city's ability to provide the services that they... 917 00:56:30,220 --> 00:56:31,680 人们需要和应得的水资源 that they deserve, and they need. 918 00:56:35,270 --> 00:56:36,270 你认为 How would you characterize the primary reason 919 00:56:36,350 --> 00:56:38,270 你喝蒸馏水的主要原因是什么？ that you drink distilled water? 920 00:56:38,350 --> 00:56:40,270 喝起来口感更好 It tastes-To me, it tastes much better. 921 00:56:41,060 --> 00:56:43,690 对很多人来说 很方便 For a lot of people, it's more convenient to... 922 00:56:44,020 --> 00:56:46,030 从冰箱里拿一瓶 然后喝一口 pull a bottle out of the fridge and drink from it 923 00:56:46,110 --> 00:56:47,690 或者拿一瓶 随身携带 or pull a bottle out and take with you. 924 00:56:47,780 --> 00:56:50,700 很容易拿 如果你有24瓶整箱的话 It's easy to grab. You've got, you know, a 24 pack. 925 00:56:51,200 --> 00:56:52,700 拿一瓶就走了 Pop it and go, you know. 926 00:56:53,070 --> 00:56:54,780 看看对环境的影响 Looking at the environmental impact, 927 00:56:54,870 --> 00:56:57,370 一瓶水并不仅仅是塑料 a bottle of water's not just the plastic. 928 00:56:57,450 --> 00:57:00,170 把瓶子扔掉 还有运输 Throwing away the bottles. There's also all the exhaust 929 00:57:00,460 --> 00:57:03,500 还有包装上的消耗 and, you know, all that from the trucks, and the packaging, 930 00:57:03,590 --> 00:57:07,090 运到商店 然后从商店到你家 and getting it to the store, and getting from the store to your house. 931 00:57:07,590 --> 00:57:10,840 这世界上有很多事情需要担心 There's a lot of other things in the world to worry about 932 00:57:11,130 --> 00:57:12,470 有比瓶装水更重要的事 than bottled water. 933 00:57:12,550 --> 00:57:15,140 我只想确保如果我喝水 I just want to make sure that if I'm drinking water, 934 00:57:15,220 --> 00:57:19,430 水里没有隐孢子虫或者其他东西 that it doesn't have cryptosporidium or any of them other things in it. 935 00:57:21,520 --> 00:57:24,690 消费者对于水供给有很大的影响力 Consumers have tremendous power over their water supply. 936 00:57:24,900 --> 00:57:29,110 越少纳税人相信自来水 越来越少人愿意付钱 The less ratepayers trust their tap water, the less they may be willing to pay, 937 00:57:29,190 --> 00:57:30,110 {\an8}（北 氟 南） 938 00:57:30,200 --> 00:57:32,450 这些大型基础设置工程就越难 and the harder it becomes for these massive infrastructure projects 939 00:57:32,530 --> 00:57:33,660 {\an8}（氯化屋） 940 00:57:33,740 --> 00:57:34,910 维持更新 to remain up-to-date. 941 00:57:35,990 --> 00:57:39,660 好 我可以让这个产品商品化 Okay, I can get this product on a commercial level. 942 00:57:39,750 --> 00:57:41,710 我可以从货架买水 I can buy water on a shelf. 943 00:57:41,960 --> 00:57:43,920 我干嘛要投资 Why do I need to pay to invest, 944 00:57:44,250 --> 00:57:47,920 去建城市水系统？ to build a municipal water system? 945 00:57:48,510 --> 00:57:51,510 我为什么要为一个 Why do I have to pay water rates 946 00:57:51,590 --> 00:57:54,090 我可以在商店买的东西交费？ for something that I can get off the shelf? 947 00:57:54,970 --> 00:57:59,600 这就说到了我们水系统 投资不足 That leads to growing underinvestment in our water system. 948 00:58:00,920 --> 00:58:04,420 瓶装水的市场一直在把 If anything, the bottled water marketplace 949 00:58:04,420 --> 00:58:07,100 这一系统推向边缘 seems to be pushing, hard, in the opposite direction. 950 00:58:07,150 --> 00:58:09,730 波兰泉水宣布一个新的高级品牌 叫做蓝涧 Poland Spring has announced a new premium brand called Origin, 951 00:58:09,820 --> 00:58:10,690 {\an8}（缅因州清流） 952 00:58:10,780 --> 00:58:11,610 {\an8}（从高质量源头开始） 953 00:58:11,690 --> 00:58:14,740 其实是一样的水 就是不同包装 要价更高 which is the same water, in a different bottle, for more money. 954 00:58:17,030 --> 00:58:20,080 另一个牌子宣称可以改进细胞交流 Another brand promises improved cellular communication... 955 00:58:20,160 --> 00:58:21,500 {\an8}（ASEA细胞水 细胞信号传导的补充） 956 00:58:21,580 --> 00:58:24,670 通过细胞水的分子结构 让细胞进行沟通 Keep cells talking with Redox signaling molecules. 957 00:58:24,830 --> 00:58:26,670 40美金一瓶 ...for $40 a bottle. 958 00:58:27,750 --> 00:58:30,510 也有来自北极圈 And there's always limited-edition polar iceberg water 959 00:58:30,760 --> 00:58:32,380 限量的冰川水 from above the Arctic Circle, 960 00:58:32,720 --> 00:58:34,300 每瓶59美金 $59 a bottle. 961 00:58:35,300 --> 00:58:36,340 {\an8}（北极冰川水 来自世界高处的限量水） 962 00:58:36,470 --> 00:58:42,430 我们每年花费350亿美金 在瓶装水上 We spend $35 billion a year buying bottled water. 963 00:58:43,100 --> 00:58:46,350 所有的水系统每年能拿到460亿美金 And the entire water system gets about $46 billion a year. 964 00:58:46,520 --> 00:58:49,270 所以人们会说：“没钱可以修复水” So people say, "Well, there's no money to fix water." 965 00:58:49,570 --> 00:58:51,440 结果是有钱可以修复水资源 Well, it turns out there is money to fix water, 966 00:58:51,530 --> 00:58:54,320 好消息是我们已经 将这些钱花在了水上 and the good news is we are already spending it on water. 967 00:58:54,950 --> 00:58:57,780 只是一瓶一次而已 Just one crushable, plastic bottle at a time. 968 00:58:57,870 --> 00:58:59,160 {\an8}（水合） 969 00:58:59,240 --> 00:59:01,450 我觉得这里有很多错误信息 I think there's a lot of misinformation out there, 970 00:59:01,540 --> 00:59:05,250 要知道 我爱人们喝越来越多的水 and I love, you know, that people are drinking more water, 971 00:59:05,330 --> 00:59:07,330 也看到饮用水的重要性 and they see the importance of drinking water. 972 00:59:08,420 --> 00:59:09,250 但是 But... 973 00:59:09,920 --> 00:59:14,220 很多这些瓶装水公司 他们的水来自自来水 a lot of those bottled water companies, they get their water from tap water. 974 00:59:17,300 --> 00:59:19,180 水覆盖整个星球 Water covers the planet. 975 00:59:19,510 --> 00:59:21,970 但是随着人口的每天增加 But the human population grows every day, 976 00:59:22,270 --> 00:59:25,390 干净新鲜的水资源变得越来越稀缺 and clean, fresh water is becoming more scarce. 977 00:59:25,640 --> 00:59:28,940 真正的问题是 人类如何互相供养 The real question is about how humans provide for each other... 978 00:59:29,150 --> 00:59:32,570 或者不要互相供养 而这个世界在一天天变小 or don't, in a world that feels smaller every day. 979 00:59:33,150 --> 00:59:35,860 对瓶装水的假装虔诚 Being sanctimonious about bottled water 980 00:59:37,110 --> 00:59:41,620 并不会触及 doesn't even begin to touch the problems 981 00:59:42,040 --> 00:59:44,660 我们在未来十年 that we're gonna have with water 982 00:59:44,790 --> 00:59:47,790 对水资源会出现的问题 甚至是未来50年 in the next ten years, and then the next 50 years. 983 00:59:48,250 --> 00:59:51,750 说实话 在一些地方是这样的 And to be honest, that's even true in places, for instance, 984 00:59:51,840 --> 00:59:53,840 例如和雀巢战斗的地方 that are having fights with Nestlé water, 985 00:59:53,960 --> 00:59:58,590 更别说非洲其他国家 let alone in places like across Africa, 986 00:59:58,680 --> 01:00:01,220 中东 还有印度 across the Middle East, across India. 987 01:00:04,850 --> 01:00:07,810 气候变化对这些问题只是雪上加霜 And climate change is gonna make all those problems worse. 988 01:00:13,440 --> 01:00:15,900 我们知道如何创造一个积极的未来 We know how to build a positive future, 989 01:00:16,150 --> 01:00:18,610 那是我们需要前进的方向 and that's the future we need to be moving toward. 990 01:00:19,950 --> 01:00:21,910 我看到的是反乌托邦的未来 I also see a dystopian future 991 01:00:22,450 --> 01:00:24,330 那里只有富人有安全的水饮用 where the only people with safe water are the rich people 992 01:00:24,410 --> 01:00:30,670 通过购买瓶装水 或者创建私有的水系统 who can afford to buy bottled water or build their own private water systems, 993 01:00:30,750 --> 01:00:33,630 而数十亿的人无法承担这么做 and the billions of people who can't afford that 994 01:00:33,710 --> 01:00:36,550 只能喝污染的水 are condemned to drink contaminated water. 995 01:00:42,640 --> 01:00:45,010 这是人类权利的问题 This is something that is a human rights issue, 996 01:00:45,100 --> 01:00:46,600 是非常严肃的 and it's very serious. 997 01:00:47,350 --> 01:00:49,270 水不是闹着玩的 Water is not something to be messed with... 998 01:00:52,650 --> 01:00:54,860 因为是和人类生命息息相关 because you're actually playing with people's lives. 999 01:02:34,960 --> 01:02:36,960 字幕翻译：马潇潇