一片古老的印度丛林 An ancient Indian jungle.
掠食者 Predators.
猎物 Prey.
一个漫长炎热的夏天 A long hot summer.
一场为了生存的战斗开始了 The battle for survival begins.
野性印度的秘密 Secrets of Wild India ============ 记录片之家倾情奉献 http://www.jlpzj.net/ 本字幕仅供学习交流，严禁用于商业用途 ============ 听译：※MYL※@纪录片之家 校对&补充听译&时间轴：样子@纪录片之家
印度，其人口密度十倍于美国 India, ten times more densely populated than the United States
平均每平方公里住着近四百个人 On average, nearly four hundred people in every square kilometer.
但在远离城市 But away from the cities,
远离人群的地方 beyond the crowds,
有一处鲜为人知的世外桃源 lies a world rarely glimpsed by outsiders.
虎之丛林 Tiger Jungles ============ 记录片之家倾情奉献 http://www.jlpzj.net/ 本字幕仅供学习交流，严禁用于商业用途 ============ 听译：※MYL※@纪录片之家 校对&补充听译&时间轴：样子@纪录片之家
这里就是印度中部的丛林 These are the jungles of central India.
它们的历史可追溯到几百万年前 They date back millions of years.
至今仍有大片丛林保存完整 Today large area still remain intact.
这里是印度野生动物 最多样化的地区之一 This is home to some of the most varied wild life in India.
从熊到野猪 From bears to boars,
从猴子到猫鼬 monkeys to mongoose,
从丛林的地面到树顶 from the forest floor to the tree tops,
从最小的动物到最大的动物 the smallest species to the largest,
这就是罗德雅德·吉卜林的 《森林王子》一书 this is Rudyard Kiplings Jungle Book
活灵活现的版本 made flesh-and-blood.
这里生活着 可称为全球最美丽的杀手 Home to arguably the earth's most beautiful killer -
孟加拉虎 the Bengal tiger.
（最重达260公斤，最长达3.1米）
集力量与诡秘于一身的孤独猎手 A solitary hunter that combines power and stealth
能够一击致命 to kill with one bite.
（大型猫科动物中最大的犬齿）
（最长可达7.6厘米）
但它们并非此处仅有的威胁 But they are not the only threat here.
现在旱季刚刚开始 It's the beginning of the dry season.
将会有四个月时间没有降雨 There will be no rain for four months.
气温最高将升至摄氏四十六度 Temperatures will peak at forty six degrees.
水将会极度缺乏 Water will become scarce.
猎物们为了生存 将不得不冒越来越多的风险 Prey will be forced to take more and more risks just to survive.
（二月）
（白天气温摄氏33度）
在丛林深处的一个水坑附近 At a waterhole in the heart of the jungle,
作为这片地区霸主的公虎 正巡视着地盘 the area's dominant male patrols its territory.
它久经沙场，强大而无所畏惧 Battle-scared, powerful and fearless,
它将用生命捍卫这片土地 he will defend this patch with his life.
水坑是老虎偏爱的狩猎场所 Waterholes are the preferred hunting grounds for tigers
而这是方圆几公里内最大的水坑 来此饮水的猎物也最多 and this is the biggest for kilometers around attracting the most prey.
它也是唯一一处在将来的旱季里 不会完全干涸的水坑 It is also the only one which will not completely dry up in the coming month.
这是绝佳伏击地，而它掌控着这里 This is a prime spot for an ambush and he controls it.
在这里无论何时 它想怎么喝就怎么喝 He drinks what he wants when he wants,
这在丛林动物里是罕见的特权 a rare privilege amongst jungle animals.
它体重约二百二十公斤，年龄八岁 He weighs around two hundred twenty kilograms and is eight years old.
公虎的统治很少超过三年 Male tigers rarely rule for more than three years
而这是它短暂但显赫统治的第二年 and this is the second of his short but glorious reign.
它以标记气味的方式 告诉其它老虎这还是它的地盘 Scent-marking announces to other tigers that this is still his kingdom.
（老虎的领地可达150平方公里）
声声虎啸告诉母虎们它在哪里 His roars advertise he's where about to females,
但同时也告诉公虎们远离这里 but also warn other males to stay away.
这些叫声的频率非常低 These calls are on such a low frequency,
它们在树丛间回响着 they resonate through trees
几乎传遍周围五公里的地方 spreading nearly five kilometers in every direction
直到丛林深处 deep into the jungle.
其它公虎听到了这一信号 争取着时间 Other males hear the message and buy their time.
冲突在所难免 Conflict is inevitable.
年轻的挑战者迟早有一天将为领地 The young challengers must one day fight for territory,
交配权以及猎物而战 mating rights and prey.
而这片丛林里猎物众多 And these jungles are rich in prey.
老虎最喜爱的是水鹿 The tigers favorite is the sambar.
（肩部最高达1.5米）
（最重达270公斤）
它们是印度体型最大的鹿 They're the largest deer in India
一头就够老虎一家吃上一个星期 and one adult will feed a tiger family for a week.
丛林里的能见度经常只有几米远 Visibility in the jungle is often down to a few meters,
所以水鹿依靠其它感官 so sambar rely on other senses.
它们有着精准的嗅觉 They have an acute sense of smell,
（能闻到1.5公里以外的掠食者）
耳朵收缩时可以听到最轻微的声响 and ears that can shrivel to pick up the slightest sound.
（耳朵可以转动180度）
老虎软垫般的脚掌 The tiger's soft padded feet
使它在丛林地面上行走起来 几乎悄无声息 let him walk almost silently across the forest floor.
只要一嗅到 At the first smell,
看到或者听到危险 sight or sound of danger,
水鹿就发出警告叫声并踏着蹄子 sambar send out alarm calls and stamp their feet.
这种独行的大型猫科动物全靠伏击 Ambush is all to this solitary cat.
在吉卜林的《森林王子》书中 In Kiplings Jungle Book,
最令人恐惧的动物不是老虎 the most feared creature is not the tiger,
而是印度野犬 but the dhole - India's wild dog.
野犬以多达四十只的家族方式群居 Dholes live in clans up to forty strong.
（最重达18公斤）
它们体型只有老虎的十分之一 They are a tenth the size of the tiger,
但群体狩猎弥补了这一不足 but they overcome this by hunting in packs.
它们用各种吠叫 尖叫和哨音进行交流 Communicating with barks squeaks and whistles,
能够制伏 they can bring down a prey
（能够杀死自身十倍体重的猎物） 近两百公斤的猎物 weighing nearly two hundred kilograms.
它们急不可待地将其撕成碎片吞下 They tear into pieces hastily devouring it
而此时猎物往往还活着 often whilst that meal is still alive.
据说它们曾经攻击并杀死过老虎 They've been set to attack and kill tigers.
它们通过频繁的社交活动 在家族内部建立起一套等级制度 Intensely social play establishes a hierarchy within the clan
野犬群由雌雄两只领头犬统治 ruled by a dominant male and female.
只有它们俩可以繁殖 Only these two will breed.
离此不远在野犬大家族之外 A little way outside the main group,
另一对野犬自立起门户 a pair are setting up on their own.
它们只有通过这种方式 This is the only way that they'll be able to
才能进行交配并养育自己的幼崽 mate and raise their own cubs.
但这样风险很高 It's a high risk strategy
因为它们失去了群体捕食的优势 as they lose the advantage of pack hunting.
它们捕猎时将非常困难 It'll be difficult for them to make a kill.
它们用独特的小便方式标示领地 They begin their independent life by marking their territory
从而开始了自己独立的生活 urinating in a quite unique fashion.
森林中相互交织的小道 The network of forest tracks
使它们的行动既轻松又隐秘 allows them to move around easily and quietly,
从而在与猎物的较量中占据上风 gaining the upper hand over the prey species.
不过捕猎从来都不容易 But hunting is never easy
森林里面耳目众多 in the forest full of ears and eyes.
一对在地面筑巢的田夫鸟 发出了警报声 A pair of ground nesting lapwings sound the alarm.
它们死缠烂打，直到野犬离去 They haunt the mob until the dhole move on.
叫声惊动了其它捕猎对象 The calls alert other prey species.
田夫鸟则返回照看羽翼未丰的幼鸟 The lapwing return to look after their flightless chicks.
长尾叶猴以长马府油树的果实为食 Langur monkeys feed on the fruit of the Mahwa tree.
斑鹿不仅充分利用了 Chital deer take full advantage
猴群进食浪费的这一习惯 of not only the troops messing eating habits,
还借助了它们的警戒 but their lookouts too.
与居高临下者结盟的确受益匪浅 It's good to have allies in high places.
一对年轻的野犬发现了潜在的猎物 A young dhole couple spot potential prey.
有众多警惕的眼睛、耳朵和鼻子 With so many vigilant eyes, ears and noses
并且缺乏群体的支持 and without support of the pack,
捕猎必定困难重重 hunting proves difficult.
（三月）
（白天气温摄氏38度）
清晨对丛林里的很多食草动物来说 是进食的高峰时段 Early morning is peak feeding time for the jungle's many herbivores.
斑鹿在开阔的草地上啃食着青草 Chital graze on the open grasslands
在这里它们被伏击的危险最小 where they are safest from ambush.
水鹿标示着领地 Sambar mark out territories,
使较低的树枝都遍布它的气味 scenting the lower branches of the trees.
麂又名羌鹿，是世界上最古老的鹿 Muntjak or barking deer are the oldest of the world's deer.
印度大羚羊又名蓝牛羚 是亚洲最大的羚羊 Nilgai or bluebull are the biggest Asian antelope.
印度野牛是世界上最大野牛 Gaur are the largest wild cattle in the world.
（最高达2.2米，最重达1.2吨）
一块块标志性的发达肌肉 Monumental blocks of muscle,
使得它们很少有天敌 they have few natural predators.
它们可能貌似北美野牛 They may look like American bison,
但却是印度原产 but they are native to India.
（每天进食时间达8小时）
据说曾有印度野牛踩死村民的事件 There have been stories of gaur trampling villagers to death
甚至还杀死过老虎 and even killing tigers.
一声警报使它们警觉起来 An alarm call alerts them.
一头年轻的斑鹿坚守阵地 A young chital deer stands her ground.
斑鹿的速度比老虎快 Chital are faster than tigers.
（最高时速55公里）
（最高时速65公里）
除非能潜行至十五米距离内 Unless he can creep to within fifteen meters,
（15米） 否则发动袭击毫无意义 a charge is pointless.
老虎不停地发出求偶的吼叫 The tiger continues calling for a mate.
一头年轻的母虎在竹林里卧下 A young tigress lies up in the bamboo thicket,
不仅为了消暑，它还有一只幼崽 not just to keep cool, she has a young cub.
每三头幼虎中 就有一头会在第一年里夭折 One in three tiger cubs will not survive their first year.
而虎类的杀婴行为是其中主因 Infanticide is the biggest killer.
公虎会杀死非亲生的幼虎 Male tigers kill cubs that are not their own,
从而使母虎再次发情并与其交配 so ensuring that their mother will become receptive and mate again.
不过目前这头母虎和幼虎 安全地处在其视线之外 But for now, this tigress and her cub are safely out of sight.
而附近两头稍大幼虎的好奇与天真 Nearby, the curiosity and naivety of two slightly older cubs
使它们的母亲更难将它们藏匿起来 make it more difficult for their mother to keep them hidden.
幼虎们吵闹的举动 The cubs boisterous behavior
吸引了一头公虎的注意 attracts the attention of a male.
公虎可能会有几窝幼崽 分布在它自己的领地里 Male tigers may have several litters scattered through their territory.
如果这些不是它自己的 If these are not his,
它将会杀死它们 he will kill them.
幼虎们向父亲打着招呼 The cubs greet their father.
它用气味标注着领地后 才趴到它们身旁 He scent-marks before settling down with them.
森林的地面覆盖着厚厚的叶子 The forest floor is thick with leaves.
森林“环卫工”们 辛勤劳作着将它们分解 The recyclers are hard at work breaking it down.
在高温环境下 长马府油树果会发酵出强烈酒味 In the heat, Mahwa fruit ferment into a potent alcohol
而长尾叶猴大吃一通 and langurs gorge on it.
然后自然就会出现世界各地 酒吧里常见的一幕 There then follows the scene familiar from bars the world over -
它们醉了 they get drunk,
吵闹 boisterous,
打斗 fight,
然后倒头大睡 and then sleep.
（四月）
（白天气温摄氏43度）
气温持续攀升 Temperatures continue to climb
不断缩小的水坑里 池水的价值也在持续攀升 and so too does the value of water in the ever shrinking pools,
而霸主公虎的权势也随之攀升 and with it the power of the dominant male.
权势带来特权 Power has its privileges
其中首要一点就是交配权 and above all mating rights.
它的叫声已被听到 His calls has been heard.
一头年轻的母虎表示出明确的兴趣 A young tigress makes her interest clear.
求偶的冲动在整个丛林里盛行起来 The drive to find a mate goes on all over the jungle.
惊人的荷尔蒙水准 以及激增的睾丸激素 Wide eyed on hormones and surging testosterone,
使得公斑鹿必须为交配权而战 chital stags must battle for mating rights.
为了显示谁才是老大 它们用蹄子扒着地面 To show who is boss, they paw the ground,
并用鹿角拱起青草 dig up grass with their antlers,
它们并肩争相炫耀着 and display, starting side by side.
一旦这样无法奏效，它们就会开战 But if that doesn't work, they fight.
这头公鹿正处在巅峰期 This male is in prime condition,
但要想保住地盘仍需奋力相搏 but it's brutal work to keep this patch.
战败者撤出了战场去舔伤口 The vanquished retreat to lick their wounds.
而胜者则得到了战利品 To the victor goes the spoils.
不过它的统治可能只有一个季节 But his rule may only last one season,
甚至比老虎的还短 even shorter than the tigers.
它徘徊于鹿群之间嗅着气味 He move through the herd sniffing the air
寻找可以交配的母鹿 searching out receptive females.
但这一切行为却使斑鹿丧失了警惕 But with all this activity, the chital's guard is down.
最后终于让这对年轻的野犬 找到了捕猎的机会 Finally, an opportunity for the young dhole pair to hunt.
它们撇开小鹿，选中了一头公鹿 Rather than the fawn, they target a stag.
它刚逃出不远 Its escape's hampered by its antlers
就被密林树枝挂住了鹿角 as it runs through the thick jungle.
一次这样的捕猎 足够一对野犬吃一个星期 A kill like this will feed a pair of dhole for a week.
但要想保住猎物就得提防老虎 But to keep it they have to be aware of tigers.
森林的各处都在上演着生死之战 Life-and-death battles occur throughout the forest
而且巨细无遗 on every scale.
一队火蚁进攻了另一个蚁穴 An army of fire ants invades another colony.
它们相互钳住对方 Gripping with their powerful jaws,
并且用毒针麻痹敌人 they use their venomous sting to immobilize the opposition.
这是微观尺度的生死之争 This is death on a micro scale,
激烈和致命之处却毫不逊色 but no less fierce or deadly.
我们那头掌控着最大水坑的虎王 Our dominant male from the main waterhole
仍然与它的女伴在一起 is still with his mate.
老虎与美洲虎是大型猫科动物中 Tigers along with jaguars are the only big cats
唯一喜欢水的成员 that like water
会花大量时间泡在水中消暑降温 and will spend many hours lying in it cooling off.
这一对选了个最佳的沐浴场所 this pair has the pick of the best places to bathe
毫无顾忌地呆在里面 and do so brazenly.
而在森林深处 Deep in the forest,
另一头年轻的公虎也在求偶 a younger male has also attracted the mate.
不过这一对却不得不藏匿起来 But this pair must keep hidden
并且将就着享用小一些的水坑 and make do with the smaller pool.
这个水坑很快就会干涸 This waterhole will soon dry up,
它们也不得不离开 forcing them to move on.
但至少现在它们可以 But for now they can safely mate,
躲在丛林深处安全地进行交配 tucked away in the heart of the jungle
我们的虎王在女伴的陪伴下 Our big male moves back into the shade,
返回到树荫下 accompanied by his female.
老虎的求偶过程会持续数日 Tiger courtship lasts several days.
（每天交配达50次）
一阵阵声响向它们袭来 A barrage's sound greets them.
蝉的求偶歌声 是昆虫世界最大的噪音 The cicada's love song is the loudest noise in the insect world.
（最高达110分贝）
（跟电锯一样响）
雄蝉通过振动长在身体两侧的薄膜 By kicking a membrane that is stretched along either side of the body,
发出叫声吸引着雌性 males sing to attract females.
然后这些声音通过它们身体被放大 This creates the noise which is then amplified through their bodies.
每棵树上都可能有几百只蝉 On each tree there may be hundreds of cicadas
而整个森林里则有数十万之多 and many hundreds of thousands throughout the forest.
它们发出的噪杂声大得 creating a noise so loud
连准备捕食它们的鸟儿都被赶走了 it repels the birds that would otherwise prey on them.
雌蝉通过在这单调的喧嚣中 The females single out appropriate mates
辨别它们独特的声音 by pinpointing their unique song
选择合适的伴侣 from this monotonous din.
蝉以口器插入树干 Cicadas feed by tapping into the fluids
（口器刺穿树皮） 吸食树皮下流动的汁液 that run just below the bark,
它们吸收其中的糖分 extracting the sugar.
而将多余汁液排出体外 They excrete the surplus liquid
这些液体如雨雾般在森林中降下 which rains down on the forest bellow.
（五月）
时值盛夏 It's mid-summer.
（白天气温摄氏45度） 已经有四个月没有降雨了 There has been no rain for four month.
干旱还将持续两个月 There'll be none for two more.
最后的叶子也从树上落下 The last of the leaves falls from the trees.
今年的花朵凋零死去 This year's flowers shrivel and die.
一群盲蜘蛛 A colony of harvestmen
聚集在树荫下保持凉爽 gather in the shade of a tree to keep cool.
这里聚集了有上万只 There may be 10,000 gathered here.
（远古蛛形纲动物）
（该物种已经出现了四亿年）
一直雌性太阳鸟用干叶子筑巢 A female sunbird builds a nest from dry leaves,
并用蛛丝将它们绑住 held together by spiders' silk.
一只斑鱼狗在日益缩小的水塘狩猎 A pied kingfisher hunts in an ever-shrinking pool.
我们的虎王在水坑休息 Resting up in the waterhole,
它一动不动仿若巨石 our dominant male lies as still as a boulder.
它重获单身 Alone again,
它的交配已经结束 his mating now over.
在酷热之中 With the intense heat,
老虎们改变了狩猎行为 tigers change their hunting behavior.
不再跟踪猎物 Rather than stalking prey,
而是待在各处水坑 they lie and wait by waterholes
静待猎物 waiting for prey
送上门来 to come to them.
不断消失的水源迫使猎物们 不得不与掠食者走到一起 Vanishing water forces both predator and prey together.
长尾叶猴在等待着老虎消暑浴后 The langurs wait for the tigers to finish cooling off
才派出自己的前哨 before sending in the scout.
叶猴是老虎的主要食物之一 Langurs are very much a part of the tiger's diet,
所以它们在这处水坑饮水 是冒着极大风险的 so they're taking a big risk at drain this waterhole
始终有一只猴子在放哨 One sentry always stands guard.
母虎带着一头幼虎回到这里 The tigress returns with her cub.
接着又跟上来三头 Then three more follow.
它三岁大，而这是它的第一窝幼崽 She is three years old and this is her first litter.
平均每头母虎一生生养十二头幼崽 On average, a tigress will raise twelve cubs in her lifetime.
每头幼虎两岁前都与母亲呆在一起 Each will stay with her until they're two years old.
对虎妈妈来说 照顾四头幼崽是个艰巨的任务 For the mother, looking after four cubs is a tall order.
开始的六个月里 For the first six months,
它必须吃饱才能保证有足够的奶水 she has to eat enough to produce milk.
而接下来的十八个月里 Then for the further eighteen months,
它必须为自己和孩子们捕猎 she must hunt for herself and them.
假如不能捕到猎物 If she doesn't kill,
挨饿的不仅是它自己 it's not just her that will starve.
老虎很少错过捕猎的机会 Tigers rarely miss an opportunity to hunt.
它凭借极好的伪装 在高高的草丛中潜行 Perfectly camouflaged, she stalks through the long grass.
斑鹿群距离太远，难以发动进攻 The chital herd is too far away to attempt an attack.
突然在森林边缘出现了一丝动静 Suddenly, there is a movement on the forest edge.
带着幼崽的母虎从不会放弃机会 A tigress with cubs is never off duty.
它钳子般的双颚咬住幼鹿使其窒息 Her viselike jaws suffocate the young deer.
这么小的猎物很快就会被吃光 A small kill that will be quickly devoured.
（六月）
到了夏末仍未有降雨的迹象 Late summer, still no sign of rain.
（白天气温摄氏39度）
旱季带来严峻的考验 Dry season is biting hard.
除了最大的那座 其余的水坑都干涸了 All but the biggest waterholes are drying up.
水位低得连鳗鱼和鲶鱼都无法游动 With the water too shallow now even for eels and catfish,
池鹭趁机饱餐起来 the pond herons clean up.
为数不多的几处能饮水的地方 The few places available for drinking
挤满了饥渴的被捕食者 are thick with thirsty prey species.
某些动物钻进泥浆里消暑 Some find comfort in the mud.
泥浆可以起到防晒霜的作用 This works as a sunscreen that also provides protection
还可以防止蚊虫叮咬 from biting insects.
田夫鸟仍在奋力保护它们的幼鸟 The lapwings are still working hard to defend their young.
那一大家族野犬的出现很是招摇 The large dhole clan makes its presence felt.
而那对儿自立门户的野犬 自顾自地生活 The young break away couple keep themselves to themselves.
尽量避免与野犬家族发生冲突 They want to avoid conflict to the clan at all costs.
争夺水源的压力 使得紧张气氛急剧升温 Pressure for water results in the fractious atmosphere.
随着水坑不断消失 As the waterholes disappear,
越来越多的老虎被迫 more and more tigers are forced
挤进越来越小的范围内 into smaller and smaller areas.
争斗的过程短暂但却举足轻重 The fight is short but decisive.
挑战者趴下身来 摆出臣服的姿势承认失败 The challenger crouches down in a submissive posture conceding defeat.
胜利者昂首离去，夺回自己的领地 The victor moves off to reclaim his territory.
孔雀与苇鳽的叫声宣告降雨的开始 The calls of the peacock and the bittern announce the arrival of the rains.
起初仅仅是少量的阵雨 Just a few showers at first,
但只过了几天植物就开始发出新芽 but within days signs of new growth start to appear.
倾盆大雨越来越大，越来越频繁 The downpours get heavier and more frequent.
丛林焕然一新 The jungle is transformed.
（七月）
这里再次成为一片富足之地 it's once again a place of plenty
（白天气温摄氏30度）
水鹿、斑鹿与印度野牛 有了丰茂的青草 Plenty of grazing for sambar, chital and gaur,
长尾叶猴有了丰盛的果实 plenty of fruit for the langurs,
老虎与野犬则有了丰富的猎物 and plenty of prey for the tigers and the dhole.
虎王在它的宝座上 The dominant male has held onto his position
又多呆了一个季节 for another season.
它的女伴怀孕了 His mate is pregnant
将在大约一个月后进行分娩 and will give birth in a month or so.
那一对儿野犬不仅熬过了 它们自己的第一个夏季 The dhole couple have not only survived their first summer on their own,
还生下了三头幼崽 but given birth to three pups.
它们的家族正在壮大 Their clan is now growing.
因此明年它们捕猎将更加轻松 Then next year hunting will be easier.
吉卜林的《森林王子》中 所述是虚构的 What Kipling wrote in the Jungle Book was fiction.
而这一切却是真实的 This is fact
并且是几千年来不断在谱写的篇章 and it's a story that has continued unbroken for thousands of years.
每一个细节都是奇迹般地令人鼓舞 Every bit is miraculous and inspired.