[Music] [音乐]
[Applause] [掌声]
welcome to smarter seasoning session to a basic training I am Jack Bishop and I 欢迎来到更聪明的调味课，接受基础训练，我是杰克·毕晓普，我是
want to be your kitchen coach I'm going to teach you ways to make your food 想成为你的厨房教练我要教你做饭的方法
taste better we're gonna start by talking salt and pepper the salt comes 味道更好，我们先从说盐和胡椒粉开始
from two different sources the sea as well as underground mines actually 来自两个不同来源的海以及地下矿山
evaporated seas that long ago covered the earth probably what's more important 很久以前覆盖了地球的蒸发海可能更重要
is how we think about salt in terms of texture it can be really fine 我们是如何从质地上考虑盐的
like table salt which often has some anti-caking agents added to a pores or 如食用盐，通常在毛孔中加入一些抗结块剂或
it can be coarser like kosher salt or a lot of sea salts are really very coarse 它可能像粗盐或许多海盐一样非常粗糙
and this really matters because when you think about cooking versus finishing so 这真的很重要，因为当您考虑烹饪还是精加工时，
if you're cooking with salt is the cheapest thing you have it's gonna 如果你用盐做饭是最便宜的东西
dissolve they all taste the same but when you're finishing food at the table 溶解它们的味道都一样，但是当您在餐桌上吃完饭时
coarse salt especially really flaky salt like this sea salt from England Malden 粗盐，特别是片状盐，例如英格兰马尔登的海盐
we just got these really flaky crystals is really lovely the other thing about 我们刚得到的这些片状晶体真的很可爱
texture is that it impacts how salt measures so really fine table salt packs 质地会影响食盐的测量方式，使食用盐如此精细
down into a teaspoon and you end up getting twice as much salt in that 倒入一茶匙，你最终会得到两倍的盐分
teaspoon as if you're using a coarse kosher salt 茶匙，好像您正在使用粗洁的盐
so remember coarse salts good salts save them for the table you can just for 所以请记住粗盐好盐将它们保存在桌子上
regular cooking either stick with kosher salt or with table salt now I'm going to 定期用犹太洁食盐或食用盐做饭，现在我要
show you something you'll often see chefs on cooking shows they're holding 给你看一些你经常会看到厨师在做饭的节目
their hands really up high when they are seasoning so I'm going to show you what 调味时他们的手确实高高举起，所以我将向您展示
happens when you go real low and you season kind of right on top of the food 当您跌至最低点并在食物上方调味时发生
alright and now I'm going to go up high I'm seizing the same food so what you 好了，现在我要上高了我要抓住同样的食物，所以你
see here is I over-salted here i over salted here when my hand was really low 看到这里是我的手过低时，我在这里过分腌制了。
as opposed to it's a lot more even when my hand is up high so when you're 甚至当我的手高高时，它也要多得多，所以当你
seasoning food keep your hand 12 inches above the counter okay 调味食物请将手放在柜台上方12英寸处
salt partner in the kitchen pepper so white pepper black pepper green 厨房里的盐伙伴胡椒粉所以白胡椒粉黑胡椒粉绿色
pepper all come from the same tropical plant their little dried berries 胡椒全部来自同一热带植物，它们的干浆果很少
Szechuan peppercorns pink peppercorns different family different plant despite 四川花椒粉红色花椒不同家庭不同植物尽管
the name black pepper is what we use in the kitchen probably the most important 黑胡椒是我们在厨房中使用的最重要的名称
thing to know is don't obsess about different varieties yes there's some 要知道的是不要迷恋不同的品种，是的，有一些
differences between Tellicherry and Malabar the most important thing is Tellicherry和马拉巴尔之间的区别最重要的是
never ever ever buy ground pepper it has heat and nothing else 从来没有买过胡椒粉，它有热量，别无其他
you get no orange notes pine notes mental notes all the delicious things 你不会得到橙色的笔记松树的笔记精神笔记所有美味的东西
about black pepper so you have to buy whole peppercorns and grind them 关于黑胡椒，所以您必须购买整个胡椒粉并研磨
yourself which means you need a pepper mill like this one this is the test 自己，这意味着您需要像这样的胡椒磨，这是测试
kitchens favorite it's by : Mason a couple things that make this unique 厨房最喜欢的是：梅森（Mason）一些使这与众不同的事物
first thing is it's very easy to fill you see you take the little off and it's 第一件事是很容易充满，看到一点点减少，
got a nice big hole for adding you don't even need a funnel for this second thing 有一个不错的大洞供您添加，第二件事甚至不需要漏斗
we like about this is you know when you're running out hmm I think I'm 我们喜欢这个，你知道当你用完了嗯，我想我是
running low last thing is it has a really wide range of primes 最后一点是它的素数范围非常广
so you can get really coarse and really fine now if you have a pepper mill 因此，如果您有胡椒磨，您现在可以变得非常粗糙且非常好
already and it doesn't do really coarse I've got a quick tip for you so you can 已经并且它并没有做得很粗糙我为您提供了一个快速提示，以便您可以
put the peppercorns here on a cutting board and use a heavy pot or pan even a 将花椒放在这里放在切菜板上，用重锅或平底锅
rolling pin and basically kind of lean into it and if you want to do crack pin面杖，基本上是一种倾斜，如果您想做裂纹
pepper oh that's that's a good one you would do crack pepper you might want 胡椒粉哦，那是一个很好的选择，您可能会想要切碎胡椒粉
to put it in a plastic bag or you might want to use a little less energy so salt 将其放在塑料袋中，或者您可能希望使用更少的能量，所以盐
and pepper next up spices 和胡椒粉下调香料
when it comes to seasoning nothing is more fun than spices so what is the 当涉及调味时，没有什么比香料更有趣，所以什么是调味料
spice it is any dried part of a plant that we use to flavor foods so it can be 香料是我们用来调味食品的植物的任何干燥部分，因此可以
rose petals it can be berries or flowers it can be seeds cumin seeds can be bark 玫瑰花瓣可以是浆果，也可以是花，它可以是种子；孜然种子；可以是树皮
like cinnamon it could be a root like ginger or turmeric so it's basically 像肉桂，它的根可能像姜或姜黄，所以基本上
anything that's dried so probably most important thing is make sure your spices 任何干燥的东西，所以可能最重要的是确保您的香料
are pretty fresh 2 years is a good sort of shelf life life expectancy of your 非常新鲜2年是您保质期的好方法
spices my colleagues in the Test Kitchen often will label them with date when 调味品我在测试厨房中的同事通常会在日期时标上日期
they open them I don't do that I rely on two simple tests I've got the sniff test 他们打开它们，我不这样做，我依靠两个简单的测试，我已经进行了嗅探测试
so I've got ground ginger here yeah that smells like ginger and it's got all of 所以我这里有生姜粉，是的，闻起来像生姜，
those notes that I come to expect so that is a pretty good indication it's 我注意到的那些音符，这很好地表明了
gonna be good I have some oregano here which looks kind of at the bottom of the 会很好的，我这里有一些牛至，看起来像是在底部
barrel here I'd say it's not the most amazing aroma I can do the crumble test 我想说这不是我能做的最惊人的香气
and so take a small bit crumble it it's a little better but honestly not great I 所以稍微弄碎它会好一些，但说实话那不是很好
would say this oregano it is time for some fresh oregano most important thing 会说这个牛至是时候吃一些新鲜的牛至了
about storage spices do not like heat and light so that little rack you have 关于存储香料不喜欢热和光，所以你有小的架子
next to your window next to your stove bad idea keep them in the pantry freezer 靠近您的炉子的窗户旁边不好的主意，请将其放在厨房冷冻室中
if you're gonna buy large amounts but actually the cool pantry is fine so 如果您打算大量购买，但实际上凉爽的储藏室还可以，所以
whole versus ground I mostly use ground but if I'm gonna use whole spices 整体与地面我主要使用地面，但如果我要使用整体香料
you've got to toast them so do that in a dry skillet no fat you can do in the 你必须烤他们，所以在干锅中做到没有脂肪
oven but it's more likely it's gonna run away from you I like to do it on top of 烤箱，但更有可能它会离开您，我想在
the stove so I can really see it and smell it 炉子，这样我才能真正看到并闻到它的味道
so you just smell the spices they're toasted they're done take them out of 所以你只闻到它们被烤过的香料就把它们拿出来
that hot pan because they may continue to toast if you leave them in there one 那锅热锅，因为如果你把它们放在那里，它们可能会继续烤
of the most important things about whole spices is you're going to need to grind 整个香料最重要的事情是您需要研磨
them so I've got my trusty old grinder this is actually just a blade grinder 他们，所以我有值得信赖的旧磨床，这实际上只是刀片磨床
that we'd use for coffee but I don't use it for coffee it's dedicated to spices 我们会用来煮咖啡，但我不用来煮咖啡，它专门用于香料
I've wiped it out over the years with paper towels raw rice in there if it 多年来，我用纸巾生米将其擦去
gets really dirty and just process the raw rice to clean it and 变得很脏，只用生米清洗
it's really essential for obviously if you're going to use whole spices and 这对于如果您要使用整个香料和
grind them yourself so you toast them cool and then put them in the spice mill 自己磨碎，以便将它们烤干，然后放入香料磨中
you're going to be using this kind of like I'm already too teeny you know 你会用这种像我已经太小了
cocktail shaker up and down whether you are toasting them or not I 无论您是否在烘烤鸡尾酒摇床，我
find one of the secrets of cooking with all spices when they're ground is to 发现将所有香料磨碎后烹饪的秘密之一是
make sure they spend a little bit of time blooming in the fat in the dish so 确保他们花一点时间在盘子里的油脂中开花
if you're making chili you cook the onions and the garlic in some oil then 如果您要制作辣椒，请在一些油中煮洋葱和大蒜
add the spices let that cook for a minute before you add the liquid because 加入香料，让它煮一分钟，然后再加入液体，因为
a lot of the compounds that make spices so delicious or fat soluble and so 许多使香料如此美味或脂溶的化合物
letting them spend some time directly in contact with the oil will make sure 让他们花一些时间直接接触机油会确保
those flavors permeate the dish I'm going to end by teaching you how to make 那些味道渗透到我要教你如何做的最后
my favorite finishing spice blend pistachio dukkha so you know we think of 我最喜欢的香料混合开心果开心果，所以你知道我们想到了
spices as stuff we cook with but we can use them at the table sitar is another 香料作为我们烹饪的原料，但是我们可以在餐桌上使用锡塔尔香料是另一种
Mediterranean spice blend it's sesame seeds sumac and thyme dukkha 地中海香料融合了芝麻，漆树和百里香杜卡
is related also starts with sesame seeds I've got one and a half tablespoons I've 与之相关的也从我已经有一大汤匙的芝麻开始
toasted these I'm gonna put them in my spice mill I'm gonna just quickly give 烤了这些，我要把它们放到我的香料厂里
them a blast alright put those into a bowl dukkha is really great over being 他们爆炸了，把它们放进一个碗里，dukkha真的很棒，
dishes soups I love to put it on a plate of olive oil for bread so that's my 我喜欢把汤放在一盘橄榄油上做面包，所以这是我的
sesame seeds I've now got I've already toasted these I've got coriander fennel 芝麻我现在已经烤了这些我有香菜茴香
and cumin that are going in here that was one and a half teaspoons of 和孜然在这里进来是一个半茶匙
coriander three quarters of cumin and half a fennel I think I've done let's 香菜四分之三的小茴香和一半的茴香我想我做了
see get this into the bowl alright that smells so good and last but not 看到把它放进碗里，好香，最后但不是
least I've got two tablespoons of toasted and chopped pistachios along 至少我有两汤匙的烤开心果和切碎的开心果
with a half teaspoon of each of salt and pepper mix that up and now I've got a 用半茶匙的盐和胡椒粉混合起来，现在我有一个
nut spice blend that I can use that you can put this in the fridge for a month 我可以用的坚果香料混合物，可以在冰箱里放一个月
and we'll stay good as I say putting this over anything makes it more 我会说，把它放在任何东西上都会使它变得更好，我们会保持良好状态
delicious spices the key to smarter seasoning herbs are another good way to 美味的香料是更聪明的调味草药的关键，这是另一种好方法
season your food if you're using fresh herbs you're definitely gonna be using 如果您使用新鲜的香草调味食物，那么您肯定会使用
them at the end so they not only make the food taste better make it look nice 他们最后，所以他们不仅使食物的味道更好使它看起来不错
dried herbs honestly other than oregano and rosemary I find that most dried 说实话，干草药不是牛至和迷迭香，我发现大多数干
herbs don't have much flavor those are okay as long as you add them early in 草药没有什么味道，只要您早点添加就可以了
the cooking process so they spend a lot of time in the liquid and have time to 在蒸煮过程中，他们花费大量时间在液体中并有时间
sort of soften and permeate the dish with their flavor probably best to think 可能会使它们以其味道变软并渗透到盘子中
about two categories of herbs delicate herbs and hearty herbs and the reason 关于两类草药精致草药和丰盛草药的原因
why this matters is because within those two categories you can substitute one 之所以如此重要，是因为在这两个类别中，您可以替换一个
for the other and so therefore you can use what's growing in your garden or 换另一个，因此您可以使用花园中种植的植物或
what looks good at the supermarket so delicate herbs have a milder flavor and 在超级市场上看起来不错，所以精致的草药具有温和的味道，
they have softer leaves and stalks and sprigs so mint basil parsley cilantro 他们的叶子，茎和小枝柔软，所以薄荷罗勒香菜香菜
chives all delicate the hardy ones oregano thyme rosemary not only a much 细香葱细腻耐寒的牛至百里香迷迭香不仅很多
more potent they have more woodsy sprigs and stalks so it's also really important 更有力，它们有更多的木质小枝和茎，所以这也很重要
because you're gonna see a lot of recipes that may call for a quarter cup 因为您会看到很多可能需要四分之一杯的食谱
of basil and you would never want to use a quarter cup of rosemary so but if the 罗勒，你永远不会想要使用四分之一杯迷迭香，所以，如果
basil doesn't look good you can use another delicate herb let's say a 罗勒看起来不好，你可以用另一种精致的草药，比如说
quarter cup of cilantro or a quarter cup of parsley probably the most important 四分之一的香菜或四分之一的香菜可能是最重要的
thing about herbs happens when you get home can I just tell you I hate the 草药的事情发生在您回家后，我可以告诉您我讨厌
misters that they have in most supermarkets spraying those herbs they 他们在大多数超市里有的喷雾器
look like they're fresh the problem is that it encourages rot so these herbs is 看起来它们很新鲜，但问题是它会助长腐烂，所以这些草药
some parsley I must have gotten this three or four days ago I purposely left 三四天前我一定要吃些香菜我故意离开了
these ties on and what happens is this causes all kinds of rot and you know if 这些联系，会发生什么，这会导致各种腐烂，您是否知道
you leave them in here all wet you come back in a couple days and you basically 你把它们全都留在这里，几天后又回来，基本上
have slimy disgusting herbs you can't use so as soon as you get home get rid 拥有无法使用的粘糊糊的令人讨厌的草药，所以一回到家就摆脱它
of the ties get rid of the rubber bands put the herbs in a spinner wash and dry 摆脱橡皮筋的束缚，将草药放在旋转器中清洗并晾干
them and then store them in a rolled-up paper towel put inside a ziplock so this 然后将它们存储在自封袋中的卷起的纸巾中，这样
cilantro is two weeks old yeah two weeks old take a look at it still looks really 香菜已经两周大了，是的，两周大了，看看它看起来还是真的吗
good because separated it so that would discourage 很好，因为分开了，这样会令人气our
the rot and I got rid of the excess moisture 腐烂，我摆脱了多余的水分
protip cilantro stems you don't even need to take the leaves off these are Protip cilantro茎，您甚至不需要摘下叶子，这些都是
really delicate and you can chop the stems don't do that with parsley but you 真的很细腻，你可以切碎茎，不要用香菜来做，但是你
can do that with cilantro herbs make things taste better and look better why 可以用香菜草药做到这一点，使味道更好，看起来更好
not save time and use a flavor powerhouse to build amazing dishes with 不能节省时间并使用风味强大的材料来制作令人赞叹的菜肴
less effort got four of my favorites here first up tomato paste so I love 更少的努力得到了我最喜欢的四个番茄酱，所以我喜欢
this because it's sweet its sour and it's a super great source of umami that 这是因为它酸甜，是鲜味的绝佳来源
thing that makes tomatoes give them that meaty savory flavor because it's got 使得西红柿给他们带来咸味的东西，因为它有
very little liquid it's got a concentrated flavor so it's big flavor 很少的液体有浓缩的味道，所以味道很大
and basically anything with tomatoes put a little bit of tomato paste it tastes 基本上所有带番茄的东西都会放一点番茄酱
better soy sauce why I had salt when you can add salt and umami use this and 更好的酱油为什么当我加盐的时候可以加盐和鲜味使用这个
everything from French onion soup to meatballs to beef stew same thing with 从法式洋葱汤到丸子再到牛肉炖都可以
fish sauce you get umami as well salt seafood 鱼酱你会得到鲜味以及咸海鲜
chowder's it's great in a Creole style gumbo finally I love spicy food but why 杂烩是克里奥尔风味的浓汤的绝佳选择，我终于爱上了辛辣食物，但为什么
add chillies when you can add chipotle chilies that have from the tomatoes that 当您可以添加西红柿中的辣椒辣椒时，请添加辣椒
Oh mommy they've got some sweetness they've got 哦，妈妈，他们有一些甜蜜
some acidity really easy ways to make things more delicious 一些酸度真的很简单的方法来使东西更美味
finally finish strong so that usually means a drizzle of olive oil little bit 最终结实，所以通常意味着一点点橄榄油
of fat makes things better as well as some acidity most bland food would be so 脂肪会使身体状况变得更好，以及大多数无味食品所能达到的酸度
much better the square root of lemon juice or a drizzle of a really nice 柠檬汁的平方根好很多
vinegar so finish strong now you've got the tools to season with confidence I 醋，所以结实，现在您有信心调味
want you to go out there and start cooking 要你出去那里做饭