‫Good morning, good afternoon.
‫Wherever you are in the world, welcome to.
‫Less than two Human Report examples.
‫Now, I say this probably, probably at the start of every lesson, but this is pretty important.
‫It's great to be able to find your sources, to run your sources, to gather information, to go in
‫as much detail as possible and get as much detail as possible.
‫But if you can't put it down on paper or you can't send the trade disseminate it, then it could we
‫could well be a waste of effort.
‫You may be part of a bigger group.
‫It may be that HUMINT handlers pass the information on to analysts.
‫And then you have report writers and editors know that sort of stuff.
‫That's great.
‫But they tend to be in the question what?
‫They tend to be very small groups.
‫And it may be that the source handler.
‫Is the analyst, is the report writer.
‫Does everything.
‫And that's that's what commonly happens unless you work for a big say in oil and gas organization where
‫you generally have the money to have bigger groups and more deaths.
‫So this is particularly important because it may be outside a human to particular skill sets unless
‫you work for intelligence organization.
‫You've done a lot of training and you've had a lot of opportunities to work in different roles.
‫So I'm going to go down, drill down a little bit less because it is it is important and it's also valuable.
‫Once again, my slides are moving forward.
‫Rob this more.
‫There we go.
‫So the aim is to provide access to some tactical information.
‫Ground troops and granule information on cultural issues, some reporting on cultural issues, local
‫businesses, travel, structural challenges, conflicts, wherever in you your direction is from your
‫employer or your client.
‫You'll be reporting on it.
‫Could be anything from, like I've said, previous lessons, cell phone strength along certain routes
‫or the viability of a certain route to move goods along it to anything from structural or bridges.
‫Can can cars go across certain bridges or is it only for foot?
‫As a local terrorist gangs, local criminal activities, tribal clashes.
‫So all all that on the list and a whole lot more.
‫I've had lots and lots of bizarre requirements.
‫I've had one which was a worldwide tasking, and that was to find a piece of equipment.
‫And that piece of equipment was so, let's say, confidential in nature that they couldn't tell me what
‫it was.
‫So I'd ask someone to start looking for some piece of equipment at some point in the world that no one
‫really knew what the equipment was.
‫But the client desperately wanted the equipment back.
‫So where do you stop?
‫You don't know what it looks like.
‫You don't know what it is, you don't what it does.
‫You done what is in the world, but sometimes.
‫Well, I mean, that's probably the biggest challenge I've had.
‫But sometimes director is not clear.
‫But this is the tail end of the intelligence, cyclicity, the dissemination phase.
‫So by the time you got through the whole process, you're hoping that the information you've gathered
‫evangelized you process to put down on paper is exactly what the client wants.
‫And this is example, some of those reports.
‫So.
‫Looking at a lot of different types of reporting methods.
‫Certainly up until, say, the early 2000s, it was usually text.
‫But since then, mapping the geo grams, the different types of analytical.
‫Programs that you get these days that can link and that can provide link analysis for Lawrie's, what
‫a great.
‫And the type and the way we write reports.
‫Really does protect the source because we don't mention the source in these in repropose.
‫We don't say John Smith provided the source of all this information.
‫He lives such and such.
‫We we write it in such a manner that it protects a source.
‫We write in such a manner that is very accurate, brief and clear.
‫And it's suddenly it helps if it's quite sort of clipped to military, because that made this very less
‫ambiguity when you support it with analysis based on all the different programs they use for mapping
‫it, mapping.
‫And I link analysis that you see here.
‫Is an example of a live report.
‫So one that was.
‫Actually provided to the client, so the source went out.
‫Gathered this information handler got it from the source.
‫It was written down in this format.
‫And there's lots of things about this format.
‫It's not classified that way.
‫I'm not a military document or an intelligence department document commercial, but it's written by
‫professionals who were in the intelligence community.
‫So I'll point out some of the some of the some of the main sort of points regarding this is source information.
‫Right.
‫So this is pretty much what the source said and what the handler thought while they were going through
‫the debrief.
‫And this is where the interview techniques and the interview strategies comes in.
‫It's up to you as the handler to get the information, to get the detail out.
‫So reference points.
‫Let's say them in.
‫There's a classification, the commercial classification source information.
‫So that said, obviously it should be handled properly, not for further dissemination.
‫That permission the originator, the originator in this case with the handler.
‫This is NACI, our source information notes, reference document.
‫The date B two is the.
‫Is the source grading.
‫And I'll go go go into that in a couple, a couple of slides.
‫And the distribution is restricted to that, as you said that what what that relates to to decline.
‫A local source reported the following general information on such and such an area comment.
‫That's the handler comment.
‫Information given is subject to confirmation of grid references and or specific look at places of interest,
‫about 30 minutes drive north of so-and-so and.
‫Believed to be the area of interest.
‫So there's one paved road course in the area movement.
‫The road is difficult, if not impossible.
‫Even a four by four vehicles, vehicle checkpoints on this road, as well as security for the office
‫itself.
‫Guards in the road and from the oil police handle a comment.
‫This baby, a nickname they're probably F.P. s.
‫Facility protection services.
‫So you can see how precise the language is.
‫So and everything that is mentioned is qualified to EPP's facility protection service.
‫But that's to be confirmed.
‫Come in and serve as the common handler.
‫And then it goes back to the sources and information.
‫It's redacted.
‫I redacted it because there's lots of detail in there, even though this is not a contemporary document.
‫It's still relating to a real location.
‫So you can see that the type.
‫What I'm trying to demonstrate is the type and the layout of the documents.
‫It's very precise.
‫It's very accurate.
‫It's not I mean, it's all related to facts.
‫And if it's not facts, if it's cancer thoughts or the handler's adding in extra detail, then he puts
‫that in or she puts that in as comment and then come in and say, here, here it's comment.
‫Source made a side comment that he was aware that due to the high level of payments being demanded by
‫some tribes parties, some businesses decided that smaller, less influenced tribes and businesses had
‫decided that was not viable to proceed.
‫So that's a that's a valid comment.
‫It's not it's not part of this overall tax.
‫But it was a valid comment in the as I did.
‫And you can see how how he did that.
‫So that's an example of the source information report, very military style, very intelligence, some
‫organization style.
‫But that's what you should be looking for.
‫And in that, I might consider adding obviously maps to say this is the area he's talking about.
‫This is the road or track.
‫So she's talking about just to back that up.
‫But to me, that's good report.
‫Another example.
‫Same layout be to source observing low profile Piercey, a private security company, prior to an attack.
‫Local social report that M-m an S.G..
‫And it shows up there that of militia and special groups, S.G. have now returned bahbah.
‫We're drawing in accordance with ceasefire declared by.
‫And so it goes into a lot of detail.
‫Is some groups heading back to why they shouldn't have been believed.
‫MSJ recess to carry out attacks on routes.
‫It is too risky is a regular process of MNF.
‫Multinational forces, they go to dig back.
‫However, they see Haifa Street.
‫I think that's in Baghdad as a better, softer option or observing low profile private security company
‫movements attempting.
‫So there's a lot of valid information on there.
‫There's some very good, to my mind is some very good source information in there about potential attacks.
‫Who's carrying them out?
‫Well, when the planning carried out, well, it didn't.
‫Reconnaissance this grids the most favorable area and grid references in there to make it very precise.
‫You can see it's 10, 10 figure grid references, I believe.
‫So it's extremely precise.
‫And also description's, again, I might add that in and put in mapping to to support this in any sense,
‫how the attacks like the method of attack, would be to deploy improvised explosive device, an attempt
‫to halt convoy use using PCM machine guns and leave the groups of ample supply of these weapons from
‫Iran.
‫Thank you.
‫I mean, there's lots of valid information online that comes from a source.
‫I mentioned the previous one and this one be.
‫This is the NATO grading system, pretty much.
‫So B would be usually reliable and probably true.
‫So that's based on their handlers assessment of the source.
‫So that's why Handler is one reason why the handler has to know the source very well.
‫Now, the background, this source, so they can make an assessment on the source's reliability and
‫also the viability of the information.
‫This is a common cold, usually called the NATO grading system, a common way of grading the reliability
‫of the source and the information.
‫Source contact notes, so after one of these meetings where the source has been debriefed, the handler
‫would complete a source contact notes where it was done, when it was done, who who's done by what
‫the ceasars were produced.
‫There might be more than one.
‫But the level was case development.
‫The force meeting with one zero zero one who was at ease and reported no problems and travelling to
‫the meet.
‫He appeared to understand what is expected of him so that it goes.
‫And it's a continuity of how the source was, what they talked about, what they were given finance
‫to see.
‫There we go.
‫One zero zero one was paid.
‫A 150 dollar retainer was paid a hundred dollars for fuel travel and seventy dollars for accommodation
‫while in the.
‫Did.
‫Sorry about this.
‫He was told to restrict his travel accommodation.
‫You can see this is an administration note to say what happens throughout the meeting.
‫What Taskin was given.
‫He was told to look into certain things about tactics and procedures.
‫This one's Afghanistan.
‫So the Taliban intent and tactics and procedures and was given any training, welfare, usual inquiries
‫to the family as well.
‫Security is where they need to maintain security.
‫So you can see the drills down into some of the background administration.
‫But this is a reference for the next meeting.
‫So the handler would read through this to make sure that he's not getting paid, not getting greedy.
‫But also, how did he.
‫How did the how did he do?
‫Maybe months between this these meetings special in Afghanistan, where sometimes have to travel from
‫one side of the country to the other is not always easy.
‫So you can you can see on this, this is also a great value if a co handler takes over and Will will
‫do more by co handlers.
‫But if the handler gets sick and someone else has to take over that, someone else will start reading
‫through this source contact notes and have a good understanding of what the sources provided, why they
‫provided it, what money's changed hands to pay for the administration and pay for the retainer.
‫And also any welfarist security issues that you may have.
‫So this is also a very valuable document, even though it's the sort of background administration document.
‫This is more of a commercial report.
‫So out of all these.
‫Meetings with the source and the sources, you would start to pull out information that would be commercially
‫valuable, so you'd bring out lots of you'd know you'd start to collect and collate lots of very detailed
‫information that no one else would.
‫We'd have very specific to industries, for instance, oil and gas, very specific to locations zero
‫BRAC, but also maybe sort of in, say, southern Iraq in this instance.
‫And this is another report, and this is more of a longer term report.
‫Handlers probably wouldn't write this report.
‫It's more of an analyst report, but they'll be based on or at least supported by information that the
‫source would be providing and the experience that the handler could bring to the table as well as far
‫as comments.
‫Another strategic report, this is lot more specific.
‫So the direction behind this would have been we need to know who does what inside this oil and gas company.
‫And say it's been heavily redacted because it gives away a lot of detail.
‫It tells you who does what good the managers are.
‫Certain breakdowns in companies who the manager is not company.
‫Other organizational structures and some other comments with it.
‫And that's a typical source.
‫Commercial source.
‫Operation.
‫So lots of detail.
‫And you would take that back to the client.
‫The client say.
‫That's great.
‫Now we need to know more about this company or more about all these companies.
‫Bring something like this back.
‫You could see the date there.
‫It's a 10 year old now.
‫But this is an example of sort of family tree of a oil and gas company structure.
‫And you can see their positions and they redacted components are names that have been filled in.
‫And you over time would start filling in these names and you would be tasking the source to come back
‫with the name of this one.
‫And this one.
‫So and so on.
‫Until you have a full structure and at certain point should be given that back to the clients.
‫And they go, that's one third complete.
‫Two thirds complete.
‫Hundred percent complete.
‫And that's very valuable.
‫Component of human.
‫It's not just bombs and bullets and dangerous locations, it's also lots of commercial and commercial
‫interest.
‫Now, the structure document.
‫Most of it's redacted because it tells you girls drills down into.
‫In this instance, managing director.
‫And it gives them a brief phone call, pen picture.
‫Deputy manager remark's considered to be corrupt, to take bribes, administration departments.
‫More.
‫More comments.
‫Details.
‫Finance department.
‫The bottom mark considered to be corrupt.
‫And Mahboub takes bribes.
‫So there's lots of valuable information in the.
‫Another more commercial level report based on all the oldest information that's coming in from sources,
‫but also the taskings, and you would start to add this is more sort of bombs, bullets and threats
‫type document, but still very valid.
‫And it gives a lot of background for certain areas and a lot of the risks in those areas.
‫And that's a typical report in the commercial world and other supporting documents.
‫I mentioned mapping.
‫This is typical of.
‫Mapping as far as stretch goes.
‫This is the main thread are areas of this buildups and IED attacks in Iraq, for instance?
‫This one's I think it's Baghdad temporary up.
‫So it shows you can see the dots that we've seen these maps on previous lessons and different courses,
‫but it's build ups and attacks.
‫You've got that times, dates and the types of attacks and locations.
‫So this would all support the documents as well.
‫And breakdown of different areas within Baghdad, for instance.
‫And the.
‫Threat levels, so that troubling staff or staff travelling through or into those locations have an
‫understanding of what security they need to build up.
‫And again, this goes back to the first lesson, the human security managers.
‫It's all interlocked because all this information certainly on the bombs, bullets sites go to feed
‫operations.
‫And they're very interesting on what the threat is so they can build they the model to better protect
‫their intentions.
‫And also so that they can carry out their business, which is the prime reason for a commercial entity
‫in a place like this.
‫So lots of different supporting capabilities for reports based on source information here.
‫You see, it's environmental inter interaction support instead of human.
‫As I've said previously, some organizations don't like the word intelligence or human intelligence,
‫so it's sometimes mentioned as environmental interaction.
‫So the critical points of all these reports and safety and source, safety of the handler, safety of
‫the company I the client, but also the company who's collecting the data in a clear direction from
‫the source sorry, clear direction from the client, because with that you can better you can provide
‫a report that gives them the information they want to know.
‫Quite often it'll just be a one liner, like we need information on this oil company.
‫And then you have to go back and ask questions.
‫And it may be that the client does not know really what they want.
‫They just want information.
‫And that means there'll be more.
‫Backwards and forwards.
‫Changing tack with the source.
‫A source can provide better information.
‫So the client provides direction to you.
‫You provide directions and source to source comes back with information.
‫If the direction isn't clear from either the client or from news the handler, then obviously the information
‫is not going to be as good as you wanted to be.
‫Source, source, management.
‫The welfare of the source.
‫Any training you need.
‫And the limitation of exploitation sources sometimes really want to help out.
‫So look, come back with lots and lots and lots of information that may not be valid, may be very useful,
‫may not be valuable, and may take up a lot of their time and it may actually increase the risk.
‫So you've got to limit their exploitation sometimes and say, no, I'm just.
‫Just only interested in this.
‫And given the box to look at.
‫To look in with the information requirements in it and say, this is all you want.
‫Just work within these boundaries.
‫They ended up understand the strict standard operating procedures, so don't do this because it's too
‫dangerous.
‫We do not want you to do this.
‫OK.
‫Do not expose yourself.
‫To danger, and some of them will.
‫And you won't want them to because.
‫A dead source cannot provide information, the source that disappears cannot provide information.
‫But you don't want him to get hurt anyway because there's business continuity behind it.
‫But there's also potentially some some level of duty of care that you may have to consider.
‫And it's district need to know.
‫No one in your organization who does not need to know needs to know.
‫No on source's friends need to know.
‫Their family does not need to know.
‫So you have to maintain a strict need to know.
‫Source has to maintain the strict need to know.
‫The client has to as well.
‫And you've got to maintain a lot of flexibility.
‫So you've got to build that in with any agreements with the client.
‫You say this is this is a potentially risky type of operation using people on the ground to gather information.
‫So you have to be flexible.
‫I can't guarantee it will be back within two weeks with that information.
‫He usually is back in two weeks.
‫I can't guarantee it.
‫So you have to build and manage their expectations and reports have to be well written.
‫So you've seen some examples.
‫The style is usually well recognized and well received, military type style, intelligence type style,
‫because they're accurate, their brief and they're very clear and it explains each acronym, for instance.
‫And any comments are Hines's comments and it's otherwise factual.
‫So they're usually very good, very pertinent documents.
‫So that's it.
‫You're looking at reports can be rather dull.
‫I hope this one's been a little bit more interesting because there are a lot of documents.
‫They've been used in the past and they've been the information has been provided by sources and it's
‫gone through the handling process.
‫The colation, the collection and yeah, the whole intelligence psyco process.
‫These these reports have gone through and they've gone back to the client and they've been well received
‫by the clients.
‫And the sources have done excellent jobs providing information to such detail.
‫So you can see on those examples all process of there's been direction previously.
‫The source has gone out.
‫Look for the information that come back and have reported the information handlers drill down and ask
‫the right questions and got the information.
‫It's being collected, collated, analyzed and then disseminated.
‫And so that's in one of those reports.
‫You see the whole intelligence cycle.
‫That's why to me, they're very interesting.
‫So I thank you for your time, as always.
‫Feel free to ask me any questions.