I'm glad I'll I love you decided to
to come here on a Friday night
to you listen to me talk about what I'm calling
I printable electronics and the future %uh
so they're open hardware I and you know that the
than the subtitle the talk is how to prints
I southerner between because that's the question
everyone always asks and thats really what everybody wants to now
so first persist a few
things about me I have what I will call eight distinct
speaking style which is code for I A have a stutter
so I may take a little while longer to say some things I'm a stump on some
words
but I we can all get we can all get
3s I'm a fifty-year
EP HTC been up at up at columbia a
University I my labs kinda president hardware hacker
which is why I'm still a fifth year PhD student haven't graduated yet
Amanda fine fact about myself
I hung jars um
yes just a little bit about I am I
so by my lab it is called clue it is the
Columbia laboratory for unconventional electronics
arm so the team overlap is novel or
integration I love I love all these
I'm kinda different I technologies to build new
and call I'm systems we have a very
entrepreneurial emphasis in the lab we have 3e
startups coming out lab arm which is something we can
weekend you talk about later at something else I want to mention is that
we're always looking for new students
and new
and new collaborators
we have a buncha we have mucho really cool
arm really cool tools that we have a blob that
that we would be: you know happy to share um
you know so us all so I just got there some the slight really
quick to give you kinda an overview of some the project that we do
um this is my main project right now the these are
these are energy harvesting active
network tags: these are like smart
RFID tags that are able to harvest I
arm harvests energy I from their environment and they form a
for May a you wireless mesh network so they can be
and the backbone the Internet of Things and
really all about this is all this is possible because we are
bring together all these I kinda disparate technologies into a single
package
I this is want the startups
that that we're working on this is where I am going to be
working starting in the fall arm this
is the this is the technology that is going to
some that is going to make
wearable heads-up displays brights
hombre any fish in so I
so I hope is an hoping maybe the next two or three years you'll see this
I you will see this kind of technology something Google glass
file devices arm
how actually got started into certain this whole
open hardware printable electronics area is
on so we teach a course at course at Club be called modern display science
and technology and it's all about I the
p.m. glowing rectangles we all spend so much every day
staring at arm we
I we have a series the I'm series lab exercises there
and we are now in the process out to bring those
into cats their a debt that will let anyone build their own
kinda its place at home and
on ands some taking this
to the next level up some the project I've been working on
I when I was an internets I
ads Microsoft's in research
was I was booking in ways that you can
combined the 3d printing
rapid prototyping I technology
with these new printable electronics
arm so you can I'm so you
I say to make a new classify objects in your 3d printer
by I but
but I think what I learned from that experience is is there still one key
component
um that's missing from all that I am
and you know so I wanna talk about these
three things here too to show
how you really need on need to have
3d printing arm under venture electronics
I and and kind missing piece I'll
on gets I'll open source hardware
that is going to make this all possible just
overview arm I how many have you
were were here for the talks this morning about
about unison up its hardware I
have you you know what open source open source hardware is
so it's a pretty pretty
self-explanatory thing it is the open source software principles
I and it is just applied to
but the hardware if on if you want to learn more about it
Sep September 27th here in New York City is the oppenheimer summit
she definitely come check it out there are
a by the people doing some doing some really interesting
I'm stuff an open-source hardware I just have to three
I New York city-based companies here just in case there's anyone
from the audience companies and
I yes I just wanna 10
say a say why I think open source
hardware I is important is
arm so it's essentially if you can't if you can
actual printer hardware you down you don't really
you don't really own year %uh on your hardware
and I think that's a very important cultural point to make
alright 3d printing
who knows what who knows why 3d printing is
pretty much everyone I am if you don't know what it is you can go down stairs
to the second floor
you know up stop bus stop by to make about table and they can
I show you how it works but arm
so they have the maker but works is shown on the left where you have
a where you have a plastic filament
and it just moves along I'm spinning out the plastic and it doesn't things layer
by layer
on and there's a new I knew very exciting
I am technology coming to the DIY 3d printing seen
which is this I stereo photography base and I
UV terrible present I
say you have a bad up the rest and then you have a light source
and you're able able I
to expose lights I to expose a residence light source to get the
which I some examples of us and the really cool things you can do with 3d
printing you can do
large-scale things like I like the body of the car you can do
small-scale things like the
nanoscale church you can do food you can
a unity the do they can blood vessels you can
you can you close you can do you can do
high ProjeX you can do a whole bunch for the cost
and this has a lot of people
really in really excited they are saying
3d printing it is going to change the world
and yes certainly it does have the potential to
to change the world by I by
there there there are still some Chi kind of elements
missing from the current 3d printing landscape
I am sense if you look at most the stuff you can print
arm I am so it's what I would call
structural objects you know now the two functional
hot checks you know so you can us so you can have
class again in shape you know that you want but it but if you want something
else
I that may or may not be
possible so arm
so I am I am proposing that
proposing that the II solution to this problem
are unconventional trucks arm
what I'm calling unconventional the Tronix our chests
are are just any type type
electronics that are not silicon-based arm so if you look at the
kind of standard silken so tall arm
all about about making things smaller a smaller
hands smaller and pastors
secure following Moore's law so you can cram more transistors
on a really small space by you can
its certainly imagine some applications where
where you may 1 large area electronics you may 14
electronic structure electronics you may want to
have something that you could print out on
on sheet paper and that's just not going to be possible using
the conventional soaking electronics I am so
so some sample uva a I you know which can even do now
with these interventions China X you can you can
I have a sore so on the right you can have a display
you can have a battery you can even do
a whole bunch exotic kinda materials I
and then the top left's that is actually
a completes microprocessor
which is made using organic transistors
so it's a such a really promising technology
and see can certainly see how
hell if you have printable electronics
day you able to you are able to
printout on your own that it is really going to change the way
that that we design consumer electronics when you have a hardware update that is
the same
as a firmware update so
on you know so I think that this is where
I where on the bus some all the fuss really
hope that all this stuff goes to the Star Trek style
you can have you can have anything that you want anytime that you want
okay that is great
I've been I've been and talk about the future
it's going to be wonderful I by I
you know but seriously how do we actually
start with just bring something I'm such a nerd me now
okay um good as wanna do we know it's
great so innocent mostly everybody
arm in San if you don't it is a on
it is a I really simple really easy to use
electronics prototyping platform if I
if you actually the
look kinda under the hood all it is really it's just
a I user-friendly kinda dead cat
I'm for the for an at now microcontroller
and if we take a look at
look at this some I am
at this piece a open source hardware you can see that it's not
really Foley so the doping you
you have open source software you have open source layout
up the board but if you actually want to get inside
the Mike retorts out such a black box
it's a literal black box in NY
is um gives twice the prop
arm for Supply said on
its literal black box
and it's also something that you can't billowed on bill
arm on your own time calling that the the
I A pencil problem arm
you know which is based of the Saar that
I say that says it is not
on it is not possible for a single
for a single person to build
on to build something as simple I'm simple
something if it's a pencil arm years in the white a chance to you
stand to action make my credential arm
from a more up from a more practical perspective
if you need to I you say um use a certain
you know my controller for your project the
life but save the say that they
standard kinder to me know has I
has twenty pence you can use
arm if you want to use 21 pins
you have to move up onto the whole on
to the whole next level of the chip that it may be has a
40 pence something and on insane just gonna wasting
the in which the Pens their arm
into the other practical problem is I
sense sense these are all from the same
supplier if there's any I'm kinda you know disruption
a you know the supply chain you aren't going to be able to get
the get the parts that you need for open source hardware
arm which of course leads %uh leads to a
second problem a the
up the up the possibility of having this
this picard where arm I spark fun had this problem when they were trying to
I'm source some my controllers from but say some
shady year I kinda places and they got
I guy I got one of these
chips want to miss fake one of them is real on if you can
if you can tell the difference between to you probably
have already read getting rather article but they look
looks like the same no way to tell so
use and what I am so then get what I want to suggest
is that day if we do actually want to print
honored we know we need to have and open source
Mike controller so let's
start the beginning what is a microcontroller
exactly it is just a small scale computer see need to have
AI say you need to have a processor core with a CPU
and 9a are you in it you need some memory and then you need some
inputs and outputs so you can talk to the real world
I how I how my control or actually works
on so it just has a series on
up instructions that it is able to Ron and
that is seem to find you know but command set
but on innocent by to the what action makes it go
are millions and millions I love
transistors yes
oo umm arm
Gibson this was some this was
just looking at data sheet as able to find that'd you know that it had a nice
nice graphic a bit
yes yes
so then I so arm
she wants to know what part are
what part the the aching in my control or I am hoping
I've that I hope to you know to
open source here arm
I I actually want to have the ability
I to actually build my own from the ground up
ants
I and if you look at
what is on the inside up my controller is just millions upon millions
a transistors all arranged in a certain way
I so the sex part
I'm just gonna skip through I kinda fast because
nobody wants to have a physics lecture on a Friday night
its hey okay happy I stand corrected
but okay arm all you need to know
I um for this
for this little introduction to transistors
you can think of it as a3 terminal kinda device so you have a source
a drain and the gate arm
the the current between the source in the drain
is I'm is
controlled 5 voltage you apply to the gate and
and for standard CMOS technology now
you you you have I
to type 2 transistors which are
which are complementary transistors so you have
see happen n-type and you
have a p-type say you have one of them which is
which is turned on when you have a high voltage on the gate and one of them is
turned on
have a low voltage on the gate arm
how do you actually make these the make these transistors
I'm not gonna go through all this on if on
if you want to know more this this Sunday there is
at at twelve o'clock right back here there is going to be a
pretty call talk going through going through the whole process
arm I want to say here it's a very I
long complex process
additive and its attractive down at that involve some
really I'll really expensive equal men and also some
really hazardous chemicals along the way so as I said
on I how do you how did the
transistors actually work on see here for the
with anti transistor I I am
when you add when you I
when I when you have the gate voltage lessen the pressure
voltage you or not I have a channel that is between the source and drain
I once the gate voltage and
x's a it X each threshold voltage you will
turn on the transistor and you allow it to
conduct so if we have
these if we have these transistors we are then able to
start a star combine the switches and dis into something
I'm something useful so if you combine these two transistors like so you can
I'm you can make make converter
sell for example when you have a is on AA is low it is gonna turn on the
the top 10 to Syria see height the output 1a as high as a turn on the pine
trees
and you'll see in to see the low at the output on
you can then start to you I and
start to build up more complex logic gates in the same
in the same way ands arm
and then you can actually start to build these kinds of logic gates
on using the actual transistors
on
so than just the note on note on
arm I hey we design something like a
something like my controller that is on that I
that is made up of all these logic gates you can numb
you can either use a hardware description language like Verilog
or or VHDL
where on where just i'm saying how the gates
should and should be hooked up arm
I am or you can actually do the
layout yourself arms on silicon I'm so this is all
showing I am showing the
Bhd 0 for 4 matter and its I'm showing
the showing the cell can lay out for
for full adders in three different so can technologies
on if by if
if you want to get started in this a circuit design I area cadences the
to a choice but expensive there are some great free tools
that are that are part by for door you
the door electronics lab so if you wanna sir playing with that that's a great
starting point
okay legal issues I'm not a lawyer so
all this this a may or may not be
I so all this is a non is an
you legal advice um all I wanna say here
is that arm is that there are
multiple layers other legal legal
print legal protection for for most the
is kinda integrated circuits on you know so there's even
a.m. even a the special attempt to mask
work arm which I which
for Texas ok and layout arm there've been
their in patton dispute over features
that a random that are in I
you know the ICE's and Celeste never talk about
is arm for a lot of these kind
technologies if you even want to get started
trying trying to design any these i sees
you need to you need to signing sign an NDA
if you want want access to the tools
so I'm here's an interesting example this is the
firsts commercially available microprocessor this is the
Intel 4004 the the schematics and layout
day they are available online
by by I'm not sure if it is
even legal for someone if they wanted to start their own fab just
to to use this as a design
they could sell fortunately there are
on there are projects who are
I who are working on these open source kinda my controllers on this is
from the open course project where they actually do have a fall
on full processor based on the open risk
architecture they have shown it working on an FPGA
and arm there now trying to raise money
om to I to
to so they actually make these on a silicon chip
in San this is hard because if you want to actually
compile silicon source code you need to have
your own fat and fat these days are
cost cost the whole lotta money so
the I knew s1 opened up by
by a GlobalFoundries not too long ago cost 4.6
your billion dollars cost a lot just to get
I just to get into the game on fortunately
there are some projects where there have been some people
working at home to see if they can fabricate their own
transistors I am Jeri Ellsworth was i'd
was by some in our gym first I
the the first two to
demonstrate working silicon transistor made it home and then
other projects such as the which the home CMOS project which are kinda
following in
and and her in her footsteps to bring
I DIY sold him to the masses
cell I I would say
that everyone a truly open source the amino we are going to be able to do that
and do that and so can any time soon so we really need
to to reimagine what we want
out of the air to me now arm
yep yes
on guess the question is
I am unison what I mean by printing
I am so then and we know arm guess know what I mean by that
I am is is you
is you have a machine of some sorts hit a button
ended up and did spits out southerner
spits out you know there'd be enough for you
so I am unison that is kinda long term goal
here
yes yes um on certainly
you can use arm something like an FPGA
by by by
if you don't have your own kind a machine that simply can't spit on FPGA
for you
then you can really colony
Foley way a fully
printable you know version up there to me and that's akin ok kinda
kinda far off kinda confused Ristic but I think it's a goal
goal that is worth striving for goal that is
worth I worth thinking about thing about
I how would we actually make that I'll
let's have a dream and like you know more something that actually do
cell I'm so
arm hopefully I have convinced you
I yes get soaking his heart by
arm by if it but there are other summit conducting
kinda materials that are out there arm
you know that you can use to make transistors I'm so
on this is a figure from from
I me to my facebook if II yet you want to know more
more about it that is a certainly a great place to start by
arms and what I want to show here is this can be
a completely additive process
which which would be nice because having just a and
just saying just saying additive process pairs
well with something like 3d printing which is itself
an additive process still
arm unison I don't wanna give you that the wrong idea
that um you know that we're gonna turn around and
start to so to print out this kind of stuff
tomorrow this is still a very active area
arm South Africa research and
I on and so need some help to get
out in lab stage and get more to the masses and
on you to secure the problems I want to highlight here
so it's the use out the material staff to use you have some really weird
really I'll really kinda exotic things we're using
and you note that really doesn't fit with
the open-source I open source you know kinda mentality that that
pretty much any kinda material that you get should be safe should be
easy to use should be NBC source
I'm if you look at this active Inc
and and 3e thousand
if you want to buy it you have to you actually have to
sign an NDA and
I you are not allowed to
publish any the results that you get with some like this
if you don't have their their explicit okay
so
I I'm so that when I was saying you can
pair this kinda fabrication I love
are organic electronics
with the with the 3d printing
technology on if you think about a 3d printer
all it is is AI is a three-axis
CE and CN CNC machine
with a with plastic eg
classic X X shooter had so you can definitely
see well hey I'm you know what if
what if instead of having a head that exceeds plastic I have had that extra
wire arm that extruders
a low melting point metal on
or if I I'll or if I have a pen loaded up
with some inks that I want to print then you can start to use your 3d printer to
print
electronics and I
some then something else that we need to think about
I'm trying to design %uh
design an entire open source from source
my controller that is going to be hard but
by for a lot of projects
having my controller is really
not even some that you need on you know so you can think about doing
things and software we can go back to the old days
where you were doing more the stuff and hardware
on I use their final
final kinda point to make is arm
you know so we have a good good good way to share
objects we have a good way to share hardware schematics
we have a good way to to to
share software source code how do we share something
that is gonna have all of those arm
in a single file that you can send to some
kinda printer that it's going to be able to voted off into one
and spit out the object that you won
so on I have rambled on and off
on I hopefully I have gotten
you excited about this about the
combination of these 3 the three
technologies and the I and
and all the possibilities they can open up so
now I'd like to open up to any questions
thanks very much
yes
okay yes arm arm
units that have so the question was about the
kinda densities up the printed transistors
we are able to get arm currently
I am if you look at Sorkin
transistors they have a Gateway Inc are the tickets $20
to so many meters now arm
we on we I
have to get links I love about 12
10 microns so we are
we are large so large area transistors large area
electronics from here
arm
so the question is what are some of the
manufacturing I techniques that we use
um to build these assertive electronics arm
summer on some other materials
we are we are working with can be screened
%uh screen printed on some of them can be printed
using inkjet I kinda bring some
them half to be I have to be
the the have to beat the
posit using I on
s spin coating or arm
I'm or on or some other more
I traditional
on I kind of equipment
by units are always looking I for some ways
ways to kinda transitional the steps to be
I P just be just something
liking check brings is kinda life
yeah up yes so if you look at
a look at a look at
follow-on here this is essentially
AR this is he sensually a
3d-printed and robot
a robot chassis with the
with with all of the
traces kinda printed into it can definitely get
something like that arm yunus you know I'm set to begin in 10 limitations ovett
now
arm all up the traces are on the same
I same to deplane so it is actually a possible to have it going
get I definitely think that some
it's going to be coming
okay
arm arm this
so the voltages for the down
for the transistors that we normally
work with I am for lab
arm need about I need about forty faults
on so it is %uh so it is certainly
possible to to lower that on
lower that voltage substantially by using
newer newer in a certain material
on as your second question the most
I am the most I am kinda addressing thing
I have done the lab on so is actually this
I that I its so the photo there
on the on the far right which is
I which is using a I yeah
which is on which is using the hi
unicorn Penn fighter I
maker by I am kind of attachment to a
to I to print some the layers
for a printable transistor yes thank you
a constructive use a laser pointer from from the audience
I appreciate it keep em coming
yes
right arm
so I think you are probably going to
have to take a arm a
similar kind of approach to the 3de
printing kind of community if you look at
I'll look at all of the basic patents
for 3d printing those words those were from
those were from the 70's those are now
those are now day
your attic you have expired
gives unlike you what we can do weekend go back to the nineteen seventies era
and if I can be the greatest technology but it's going to be an open
source my control
yes
yes arm I it's so the so the
question was on if it is if it is possible to print
I'm some sorta memory and on
units the answer to that is is yes
is there are plenty other Punia group working on
I I printable
kinda memory cells based on the same on kinda
I'm kinda organic electronics
I am and I
I am you know so they do
have some that are able to kinda operate
at the on on at the standard 3.35 all
I on 5 all levels if you wanted to
kinda interfaces sup with standard electronics arm
we r arm I O
we r we are making transistors that are probably in
the probably in the I tens to hundreds
a kilohertz range arm
unison as I i I said
I these um these kinda
unconventional electronics they will %ah they will
compliments sorting electronics they certainly are going
you know to replace ok in the tropics sorry
can't said
yes
yes I I I
so i know i buy know I love by
some I some groups who are
who are work and using zinc oxide you down
I down so fucking a princeton
but it's not but it's not something on
I'm actively involved in cycling it really can't really comment on it
intelligently
yes
arm Island you know so that as I had done
I am had a few slides back
there on there have been some the research group
%uh who have shown these are cool
I who for they have shown these
on 8-bit kinda my controllers that are made out at the same
I these on these organic
sorta material on day I
they they had been used any printing
techniques are make it but it's but it is on
but it is certainly I showing that's possible
yes
yes on arm arm
you're so I'm so the question is
on how do you print the outside layer
for the gate where you need to have a
need to have a very specific
thickness for the gate arm for
on for something like that
we I'll we have been using
screen printing I'm you know kind of techniques
because because that is that
is useful for larger areas on I
it ensures uniform uniform coverage
%uh and it's a good way to
to to can try the thickness of the layer
yes
yep
yes
red um so the so the
question is on the use up you know the materials
and their toxicity and their Reese
psych ability arm I
how on how how
or organic electronics some get their name
is on said these are all
on these are all mostly carbon-based
on carbon-based Minnesota compounds ands
arm you know something we are working with
actively in our lab is to
on hi is to use graphene
and graphene and
carbon nanotubes I'm for these
on for some the layers a these
devices we are making arm you know so it on
so certainly even Adam even at some point in the
in the future you can even see having
home all all carbon-based
electronics see don't have any of these um I'm
anybody's on crazy chemicals that you have and
on have been all the electronics now
have I played with the LightScribe etching stuff no I have not
incident what is special
oh yes yes arm
I guess then yeah
I I now
on your side with the question is about there
is it was on I there is
their has been some work I'm showing
you can use the arm use the
you know laser source from the light scribe
arm DVD Drive
on to build to build obvious supercapacitors
so then something certainly you could start look at using that to build other
types
prices as well redone
are sec yeah
I am our yield
is %uh if
if I get 10 percent yield
I am happy I miss that yeah yeah
yes so yeah arm are
i've certainly census sense this
is you know just like in a research lab on
so on so that research scale
if I am I if I have a substrate
where I'm making making seventy for TV's
if I can find I if I can unify the kid was in the works
i'm happy I'm done have done what I wanted to do and show
any other questions
comments alright