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the Hundred Years War of 1337 to 1453 1337年至1453年的百年战争
between England and France was one of 英格兰和法国之间是其中之一
the longest conflicts in history and one 历史上最长的一次冲突
of the bloodiest the dynastic spat 最血腥的王朝
between two royal families pulled in a 在两个王室之间
dozen neighboring kingdoms and 十几个邻国和
eventually turned into the central 最终变成中央
element of medieval history for Western 西方中世纪历史的元素
Europe changing the outlook of multiple 欧洲改变多元前景
facets of its society forever one of the 它的社会面永远是
pivotal battles of this conflict was the 这场冲突的关键战役是
Battle of Crecy that happened in 1346 1346年发生的Crecy战役
the conquest of England by William of 威廉的征服英格兰
Normandy created a new reality in 诺曼底创造了一个新的现实
Western Europe as he and his descendants 西欧，他和他的后代
were still the vassals of the French 仍然是法国人的附庸
kings but also were monarchs of a strong 国王，也是强大的君主
realm Williams granddaughter Matilda 威廉姆斯的孙女玛蒂尔达
marries Geoffrey Plantagenet and by 与Geoffrey Plantagenet结婚并由
doing that added the counties of Anjou 这样做增加了安茹的县
terrain and Maine to the domains of the 地形和缅因州的领域
English kings in France their son henry 法国的英国国王，他们的儿子亨利
ii married one of the most influential ii已婚最有影响力的人之一
women of the medieval era eleanor of 中世纪时代的埃莉诺妇女
aquitaine 阿基a
and acquired her vast duchy as a dowry 嫁给了她广阔的公国
by the middle of the 12th century the 到十二世纪中叶
Plantagenet dynasty controlled almost 雀巢王朝几乎控制了
half of France meanwhile the domain of 同时法国的一半
the French kings was tiny and their 法国国王很小，他们的
power limited that would change with the 功率限制会随着
new king philip ii he would use henry ii 新国王菲利普二世，他将使用亨利二世
sons against him after the death of 死后的儿子们反对他
henry ii richard the first known as the 亨利二世·理查德
Lionheart became King in 1189 Philip and 狮心王于1189年成为国王菲利普·
Richard alongside the Emperor of the 理查德与皇帝
Holy Roman Empire Frederick Barbarossa 神圣罗马帝国弗雷德里克·巴巴罗萨
initiated the Third Crusade after the 发起了第三次十字军东征
fall of Jerusalem to Saladin however the 耶路撒冷沦陷到萨拉丁
French King returned home in 1191 and 法国国王于1191年返回家园，
used the absence of Richard due to the 使用理查德的缺席，因为
crusade and then imprisonment to gain 十字军东征，然后入狱获得
more lands in France Richard finally 终于有更多土地在法国理查德
returned in 1194 and was able to nullify 1194年返回，并能够使之无效
Philips games Richard passed away in 飞利浦游戏Richard逝世
1199 and his brother John who would 1199和他的兄弟约翰
later be known as Lackland became the 后来被称为拉克兰成为
king of England John was a weak King and 英格兰国王约翰是一个软弱的国王，
although he received help from the Holy 虽然他得到了圣人的帮助
Roman Empire their united armies were 罗马帝国的联合军队是
defeated by Philip at Bhuvan in 1214 the 菲利普（Philip）在1214年在不丹击败
English King was now under constant 英国国王现在处于不变状态
feudal pressure and in 1215 he was 封建压力，他在1215年
forced to sign the famous Magna Carta 被迫签署著名的《大宪章》
Philip benefited from all this and by 菲利普从中受益匪浅
the end of his reign in 1223 English 1223年他的统治结束
Kings controlled only half of the Duchy 国王只控制了一半的公国
of Aquitaine but the English were forced 阿基坦大区，但英国人被迫
to sign the Treaty of Paris in 1259 在1259年签署《巴黎条约》
which formalized the conquests of philip 正式征服了菲利普
ii ii
this piece is considered to be one of 这件作品被认为是其中之一
the factors that made the Hundred Years 一百年的因素
War inevitable France had the upper hand 战争不可避免的法国占上风
until the end of the rule of King 直到国王统治结束
Philip's the fourth the superstitious 菲利普四世迷信
will claim that his persecution of the 会声称他对
Templars and the curse of their Grand 圣堂武士和他们盛大的诅咒
Master brought the end of his dynasty 师父带来了王朝的终结
but in any case shortly after the 但无论如何，
execution of the Templar Grandmaster 圣殿骑士宗师的处决
Philip died and his three sons ruled for 菲利普去世，他的三个儿子为
only fourteen years combined without 只有十四年没有
leaving any male heirs to the throne 将任何男性继承人留给王位
that was the end of Capetian rule and it 那是开普敦统治的终结，
triggered a dynastic crisis 引发了王朝危机
nothing was preventing one of the 没有什么可以阻止其中之一
daughters of the last three kings from 来自后三位国王的女儿
becoming the ruler of the country but 成为国家的统治者，但
the Council of aristocrats cited the 贵族理事会引用了
archaic salic law that prevented women 古老的水法禁止妇女
from holding any land the logic didn't 从拥有任何土地开始，逻辑就没有
hold up as female aristocrats had been 像女性贵族一样坚持
hoping titles in France for centuries 希望在法国拥有几个世纪的头衔
there were a few other candidates but 还有其他一些候选人，但是
only two of them had any chance of being 他们中只有两个有机会成为
elected King first was the grandson of 当选国王第一位是
Philip the fourth via his daughter 菲利普四世通过他的女儿
Isabel the King of England Edward the 英格兰国王伊莎贝尔·爱德华
third and second his fraternal nephew 第三和第二他的兄弟侄子
Philip the count of Valois the French 菲利普伯爵瓦卢瓦法国
aristocracy did not think that Edward 贵族不认为爱德华
was an optimal choice they were scared 是他们害怕的最佳选择
that Frances and England's monarchies 法国和英国的君主制
would unite and that would make it 会团结起来
difficult for them to retain all of 他们很难保留所有
their privileges so in 1328 the count of 他们的特权，因此在1328年
Valois became the king as Philip the 瓦卢瓦（Valois）成为菲利普（Philip）的国王
sixth 第六
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Edward seemingly agreed that he should 爱德华似乎同意他应该
not be king of France as he still had 不能像他仍然是法国国王
problems in Scotland and paid homage to 苏格兰的问题，并向
Philip as his vassal through the Duchy 菲利普·弗朗西斯（Philip）
of Aquitaine in 1329 but the fact that 在1329年阿基坦大区
England still held this Duchy was a 英格兰仍然认为这个公国是一个
problem and in 1337 Philip confiscated 问题，1337年菲利普没收
Aquitaine citing the fact that Edward 阿基坦援引爱德华事实
was giving refuge to his mortal enemy 躲避他的致命敌人
robert d'Artois 1337 is considered the 罗伯特·德·阿图瓦斯1337被认为是
year the Hundred Years War started in 百年战争开始的那一年
1348 word responded by laying claim to 1348字回应要求
the French throne yet again the Battle 法国王座再次战斗
of Sullust was the first battle of the Sullust的战役是
war it was fought on sea on the 24th of 战争是在24日在海上进行的
June 1340 Edward and his fleet were able 1340年6月，爱德华和他的舰队
to sink or capture almost 200 French 沉没或捕获近200法语
ships while 20,000 Frenchmen lost their 船，而20,000法国人失去了他们的
lives the French Navy was bigger but the 生活在法国海军更大，但
English vessels used their 英国船只使用他们的
manoeuvrability and the fact that their 可操作性及其事实
long bowmen were able to control the 长弓箭手能够控制
engagement to win the battle easily the 参与以轻松赢得战斗
French fleet was crippled and England 法国舰队瘫痪，英格兰
got unopposed control over the channel 不受阻碍地控制了渠道
throughout the war Edward was now able 在整个战争中，爱德华现在能够
to move any troops he wished to mainland 将他希望的任何部队转移到大陆
Europe and nothing hindered trade 欧洲，没有什么阻碍贸易
between England and Flanders however 在英格兰和法兰德斯之间
financial problems didn't allow Edward 财务问题不允许爱德华
to attack right away and in its initial 立即开始攻击
phase the Hundred Years War was a proxy 百年战争是代理
war as English and French Kings 作为英国和法国国王的战争
supported different claimants in the war 在战争中支持不同的索赔人
of the Breton succession Edward invaded 布列塔尼王位继承人爱德华入侵
only in July of 1346 when his troops 直到1346年7月，
landed in Normandy and surprised the 降落在诺曼底，使
French defenders by taking can surely 法国后卫可以肯定地采取
after Philips army started moving to the 飞利浦军队开始向
north to entrap Edwards numerically 向北以数字方式陷落爱德华兹
inferior forces the English army tried 英军尝试过的劣势部队
to retreat into Flanders to get 退到法兰德斯去
assistance from allies in the area but 该地区盟友的协助，但
as Philip was catching up to them Edward 当菲利普追上他们的时候，爱德华
had no other choice but to fight 除了战斗别无选择
the battle took place on the 26th of 战斗发生在26日
August 1346 near kracie in northern 1346年8月，在北部克拉西附近
France the English army was led by King 法国英军由国王领导
Edward himself and had around 15,000 爱德华本人，大约有15,000
warriors with 2,500 nobles Knights and 有2500名贵族骑士和
armored cavalry 5,000 longbowman 3,000 装甲骑兵5,000长弓手3,000
mounted arches 4,000 spearmen and 5 拱门4,000名矛兵和5个
organ guns cool dry Balkans troops from 风琴枪冷却巴尔干的干部部队
Flanders Aquitaine and Brittany fought 佛兰德斯·阿基坦大区和布列塔尼大战
on their side the army of France had 法国军队在他们身边
Philip the sick and the blind king of 菲利普病和盲国王
bohemia john leading it and consisted of 波西米亚·约翰（John）领导它，组成为
12,000 heavy horsemen 12,000 infantry 12,000名重型骑兵12,000名步兵
and 6,000 crossbowmen for a total of 和6,000 cross兵，总共
more than 30,000 the English troops 三万多英军
positioned themselves on the hill 将自己放在山上
between crazy and wedeck or their army 在疯狂和温德克或他们的军队之间
was divided into three groups each with 分为三组
dismounted Knights in the center 步行骑士在中心
spearmen in the rear and longbowmen on 后矛兵和长弓兵
the flanks the front of the English army 两侧是英军前线
was covered by stakes and trenches to 被桩和沟渠覆盖
slow down enemy cavalry Philips army was 放慢飞利浦军队的敌军骑兵
tired from a March but despite any 从三月开始累了，尽管有
common sense the French decided to 法国人决定常识
attack as soon as they saw Edwards 一见到爱德华兹就发动攻击
positions crossed women from Genoa and 职位跨越了来自热那亚和
France formed the vanguard to start 法国组建起步先锋队
skirmishing with English longbowmen 与英国长弓手小冲突
the battle began at 5 p.m. unfortunately 不幸的是，战斗在下午5点开始
for the French crossbowmen their pabbie 给法国cross兵他们的小宝贝
shields were left in the baggage train 行李火车上留下了盾牌
and as soon as they started moving 当他们开始移动时
forward a short very intense rain broke 短暂的阵雨
out while the English longbowmen were 当英国长弓手是
able to detach their strings the 能够分离他们的弦
crossbowmen lacked this luxury their 手们缺乏这种奢侈
weapons were damaged and their volley 武器损坏，凌空抽射
against the longbowman failed while the 对长弓手失败而
latter was able to rout French 后者能够击溃法国人
skirmishes lacking their pavese with a 缺乏战斗的小冲突
heavy counter volley the crossbowmen 重型反vol凌空the
retreated under arrow and artillery fire 在箭和大炮火力下退缩
the French Knights felt nothing but 法国骑士什么也没感觉
contempt for any infantry and they 鄙视任何步兵，他们
killed many of the withdrawing 杀死了许多撤军
crossbowmen this clash within the french 兵在法国内部的冲突
army created disarray and the English 军队造成混乱，英国人
longbowmen used that to damage their 长弓手用来破坏他们的
enemy 敌人
is further by now the French Knights had 到现在为止法国骑士已经
dealt with the retreating infantry and 处理了撤退的步兵，
attacked their cavalry on the right 进攻右边的骑兵
flank moved against the English left 侧面向英语左移
however the obstacles and heavy arrow 但是障碍和重箭
fire diminished the effectiveness of 火降低了效力
this attack many horses were killed and 这次袭击杀死了许多马匹，
Knights were either forced to retreat or 骑士们要么被迫撤退，要么被迫退缩。
died without killing any enemies 在没有杀死任何敌人的情况下死亡
the second cavalry charge started on the 第二个骑兵冲锋开始于
French left and it was led by the King 法国左派，由国王领导
of Bohemia John who despite being blind 波希米亚·约翰（Bohemia John）的照片
asked to be tied to his horse and 被要求绑在他的马身上，
pointed towards the enemy this attack 指向敌人这次袭击
was more successful as it reached the 达到目标后更加成功
English units commanded by the air 空中指挥的英语部队
Prince Edward known as the Black Prince 爱德华王子被称为黑王子
the English bowmen had to retreat behind 英国弓箭手不得不退缩
the dismounted men-at-arms and Knights 骑警和骑士们
it seemed that the French were gaining 看来法国人正在收获
the upper hand as the banner of the 占上风的旗帜
Prince fell and he was wounded however 王子跌倒了，但是他受伤了
the English left was free to 英语左派可以自由地
counter-attack and charged into the 反击并冲入
right side of John's troops the Bohemian 约翰的右手边波希米亚风格
King was killed and his soldiers routed 金被杀，他的士兵被击溃
the French then attempted to attack 13 法国人随后企图进攻13
more times but were repelled the English 更多次但被击退英语
Center under King Edward's didn't fight 爱德华国王统治下的中心没有战斗
until now as the French troops became 直到现在法国军队成为
tired Edward ordered his Knights forward 累了的爱德华命令他的骑士们前进
and this attack effectively ended the 这次攻击有效地结束了
battle the French King fought valiantly 与法国国王英勇作战
was wounded in the jaw and two horses 下巴和两匹马受伤
were killed unto Him but eventually he 被杀死给他，但最终他
abandoned the battlefield the English 放弃了战场上的英语
troops cleared up to the remainder of 部队清理了剩余的
the French infantry left on the field 法国步兵离开了战场
the French lost more than 10,000 法国人损失了10,000多人
warriors and a large portion of their 勇士及其大部分
Knights Philip asked the Scottish King 菲利普骑士问苏格兰国王
David for help and the latter invaded 大卫寻求帮助，后者入侵
northern England however he was defeated 英格兰北部但是他被击败了
in the Battle of Neville's cross and 在内维尔十字架战役中
became a prisoner himself meanwhile 同时自己变成了囚犯
Edward moved and besieged the strategic 爱德华感动战略
city of Calais and captured it in 1347 加来市并于1347年将其占领
this gave the English a crucial foothold 这给了英国人至关重要的立足点
on the continent for the next two 在接下来的两个大陆
centuries 几个世纪
this was a remake of one of our old 这是我们一个古老的翻拍
documentaries we decided to remake our 我们决定改编纪录片
older videos as we respect our audience 我们尊重观众的老式视频
too much to leave them with a product we 太多让他们没有产品
now consider inferior within a few weeks 现在考虑在几周内表现不佳
we're going to release the next episode 我们将发行下一集
of this series this is the kings and 在这个系列中，这是国王和
Generals Channel and we will catch you 将军频道，我们将赶上您
on the next one 在下一个
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you 您