♪ Deep into the Wild-Honoraries/Volunteer ♪ ♪ 《荒野深处》 ♪
事实是这样的， So here's the thing, there are over
现在地球上有超过70亿人 7 billion people on Earth today.
我们中的每个人都有机会改变世界 Each of us has a chance to make a difference,
去让世界看到我们能做什么 to show the world what we can do.
所以你将要去哪？ So where will you go?
你会成为怎样的人？ Who will you be?
当你不在思考时，你在梦想些什么? What do you dream about when you're not thinking about,
我可不知道你必须在周四进行的数学测试 Σ(っ °Д °;)っ I don't know, the math test you have to take on Thursday.
你想成为怎样的人？ What do you want to be?
等我长大之后吗？When I grow up? 是的。Yeah.
啊哦 Oh.
是的，我不是很确定我想要做什么 Yeah I'm not sure what I want to do
但我仍然在尝试弄清楚 but I'm still trying to figure that out.
我想要做很多事情 I want to be a lot of stuff.
我想创立我自己的公司 I want to start my own company.
当我长大后哦，我不知道我想成为什么 When I grow up I don't know what I want to be.
实际上我想成为一位艺术老师 I actually want to become an art teacher.
美国国足队员 NFL football player.
你们梦想成为什么呢？ What do you guys dream about?
我的意思是，当我的思想在开小差时 I mean when my mind wanders it's
就像我想要走出学校 like I want to be out of school.
等等，停下，我们不能真的一直谈论 Wait, stop, we can't really talk
我们想去哪，除非我们第一次立足 about where you want to go unless we first establish
于你所在的位置，对吧？ where you are right?
似乎对我来说合乎逻辑 Seems logical to me.
好吧，你在哪儿呢？ Okay so where are you?
你知道你的个性 You know the you-ness of you.
我们的哪一个部位是最基本而不可或缺的？ What part of us is most essentially, indispensably us?
我们的胃？ Our stomachs?
有时候是的 Sometimes.
那我们的心呢？ What about our hearts?
是啊，我们的心怎么样？ Yeah what about our hearts?
如此卖力，如此强壮 So delicate, so strong.
而且亚里士多德就是这么想的 That's what Aristotle thought anyway.
他认为我们的整个灵魂 He thought our whole soul and
和本质都在心里 essence was right there in the heart.
不，很抱歉，亚里士多德 Nope, sorry Aristotle.
我们知道 即使现在一个连环杀手来训练你的心 We know today that even if you traded hearts
你仍会是 with a serial killer you would still just be the
在同样友好的街区里的一位和从前一样友好的邻居 same friendly neighbor in the same friendly neighborhood.
我是说，这明显不会是在我的街区 I mean, not in my neighborhood obviously,
我的意思是，如果你有一颗连环杀手的心 I mean I don't want you living near me
我可不想这样的你住在我旁边 if you have a serial killer heart,
以防万一你来捅我(◎_◎;) just in case you try to stab me.
所以我们（的本质）在哪儿呢？ So where are we?
就是它，你令人赞叹且难以置信的大脑 There it is, your wonderful mind boggling brain.
你的大脑是你吗？ Is your brain you?
你是你的大脑吗？ Are you your brain?
我可不清楚，但它是控制中枢 I have no earthly idea but it is the command center,
任何你所学的，你想要的， somehow everything you learn, everything you want,
你需要的，梦想的或者记忆的都被联系于 everything you need, dream or remember is contained
那个3磅的小家伙 right there in that three pound
那个你两耳之间僵尸最爱的点心 zombie snack between your ears.
所以，听听我的小僵尸吃点心 So listen up my little zombie snacks,
我有一个故事要讲给你听 I've got a story to tell you.
你大概已经知道我要从哪开始了对吧？ You probably already know where I'm going with this right?
是的，完全正确，很久以前啊 Yep, exactly, once upon a time
有个名叫菲尼尔斯·盖奇（大概那么音译）的男人 there a was man named Phineas Gage.
实际上并不是很久以前 I mean it wasn't just once upon a time per se,
那时是在1848年的（美国）福蒙特州 it was 1848 and it was Vermont.
我在试着营造气氛所以忍忍我的唠叨吧 I'm trying to set the mood here so bear with me.
菲尼尔斯是个铁路工人 Phineas was a railroad worker.
在那个时候，如果你想穿越一座巨石崖 Back in those days if you wanted to get through
你要在石头上钻孔， a giant boulder or cliff you did it by drilling a
再填上火药和引信， hole in the rock, filling it with gunpowder and a fuse,
然后将孔的剩余空间填上沙子 then filling the rest of the hole with sand.
最后用一根沉重的金属棒 And finally packing it all down nice and tight
将它压实 with a heavy metal rod.
可是在这个特殊的日子里 菲尼尔斯分心了 Well on this particular day Phineas got distracted.
呦虎！ You hoo!
然后忘记了填上沙子 And forgot to put in the sand.
当菲尼尔斯将铁棒撞入洞中时 When Phineas smashed the iron rod into the hole
它擦出了火花，引燃了火药 it made a spark, which ignited the gunpowder.
爆炸将铁棒冲飞了起来 The explosion blasted the iron rod upward
穿过了菲尼尔斯的脑袋 right through Phineas's brain
然后落在了离他的身体有些距离处的地上 and then fell back to earth some distance from his body,
他的身体躺在地上竟完全生还 which was lying on the ground just completely still alive.
令人惊奇的是，菲尼尔斯·盖奇康复了并且又活了12年 Amazingly Phineas Gage recovered and lived another 12 years.
在那时候，你懂的 Which back then, you know,
12年可不容轻视啊，伙计 12 years is nothing to sneeze at, guys.
只是那个小镇的居民说 Except the townsfolk said that
菲尼尔斯·盖奇的性格已经改变了 Phineas Gage's personality had changed.
他们说他已变得喜怒无常而粗鲁 They said he'd become moody and crude, that he used
还说上了他从未说过的脏话 foul language he'd never used before.
他们被迫得出结论，正如我引用的—— They were forced to conclude that he was, and I quote,
“他不再是同一个盖奇。" Not the same Gage."
噢，如果你好奇的话， Oh and here's the iron rod that went
这就是那根穿过他脑袋的铁棒 through his head if you were curious.
看起来像是他们把事情解决了 Looks like they worked things out.
所以今天我们谈到菲尼尔斯·盖奇的真正目的是什么呢？ So why are we really talking today about Phineas Gage?
因为损坏菲尼尔斯的大脑并不仅仅伤害到了他 Because damaging his brain didn't just hurt Phineas,
而且还改变了他。且事实上， it changed Phineas. And the truth is, there are
有很多改变我们大脑的方式—— a lot of ways to change our brains.
那些不需要爆炸去进入大脑里的方式 Ways that don't require explosions to get inside.
而是在很多时候是我们自己邀请他们进入我们的大脑 A lot of times we invite them in ourselves
一旦他们更换重布我们思考的回路 and once they're in they rewire the way we think.
就像菲尼斯·盖奇的铁棒 And just like Phineas Gage's iron bar
这些重布或更换就会在基础的途径上改变我们 that rewiring can change us in very fundamental ways.
♪ 柔和的音乐 ♪ ♪ (soft music) ♪
好的，所以这就是我的猫咪——白色男孩 Okay so this is my cat White Boy.
我这样叫它会不合适吗？ Is that offensive that I say White Boy?
No.不会的。 Okay.好的。
我是雪丽丝，我酷爱旅行，跳舞，吃... I'm Cherise and I love traveling, dancing, eating,
睡觉和 旅游，我又说了一遍... sleeping and traveling. I think I said that.
我是个在布法罗就读大学的学生 I'm a student here in Buffalo at the University,
我学的是社会工作专业 I'm studying social work.
我第一次观看色情内容时，我大概10岁 When I first saw porn I was about 10.
那是一张图片，我从看到那张图片开始... It was a picture. I went from seeing the pictures
到去看那种影片，我开始自闭自己 to watching the movies and I started secluding myself,
脱离孤立我自己 isolating myself.
我不得不每天看至少 一 两次 I had to watch at least once, twice a day.
这是失控的起点 That's where it all just kind of got out of control.
现在看到，色情将会影响不同的人 Now look, porn is going to affect different
以不同的方式，我们今天在这里不是去讨论 people in different ways and we're not here today to talk
色情是否是罪恶的或者它是否应该被定义为非法 about whether porn is evil or whether it should be outlawed.
我们仅仅去问，色情对你做了什么？ We're simply asking, what does porn do to you?
它如何影响你的健康与幸福？ How does it affect your health and happiness?
纵观历史，因为世界上有很多人 Because there are plenty of people in the world
渴望去误导你—— throughout history eager to mislead you about
某种事物是否会伤害你？ whether something can hurt you.
例如，当你牙疼的时候，让我们看看 For example, let's take a look at what they used
他们曾在美国西部旧边境使用的营销手段 to sell on the Old Frontier when you had a toothache.
你看吧，是的那的确提到了可卡因 There you go, yes that does say cocaine
而且广告上还有小孩子们的画像 and yes those are little kids in the picture.
只需要一点点可卡因，你就不会再在意牙疼 One drop of this and you won't care about that toothache
而且，你甚至不会在意你是否有牙 anymore. You won't even care whether you have teeth.
这个怎么样呢？ Or how about this one?
是的，你看到了这个，哮喘香烟 Yep you read that right, Asthma Cigarettes.
高效地治疗哮喘，花粉过敏和口臭 Effectively treats asthma, hay fever and foul breath.
这就是你的英语老师作为反语讽刺而提到的 That's what your English teachers refer to as irony kids.
但是，这并不全坏 But hey, it's not all bad.
至少他们没有把这些东西给五岁的孩子使用 Look, at least they're not giving them to five year olds.
关键是，有时候科学不得不去赶上真相 The point is this, sometimes science has to catch up
即使我们其他人去赶上科学 with the truth and even then it often takes a while
需要花很长的时间 for the rest of us to catch up with science.
这里是《晚间连线》 From the global resources of
来自ABC新闻的全球研究显示 ABC News this is Nightline.
色情，好莱坞的X级表亲 Pornography, Hollywood's x-rated cousin
是一大120亿的美国产业 is a $12 billion American industry.
估计约有3亿7000万计 There are an estimated 370 million
的色情网站充斥于互联网 pornographic websites on the internet.
色情正在变得 Pornography is becoming
和快餐一样随处易寻 as easy to find as fast food.
色情前所未有地更易于访问 Porn is easier to access than ever.
就像上世纪的众多公司一样 Just like with those companies of the last
他们今天在价值万亿的色情产业上 century there is a massive effort in the multi billion
付出巨大的努力 dollar porn industry today to convince you that
去说服你，认为色情是无害的，甚至对你有好处 porn is harmless, even good for you.
然而科学正缓慢而坚实地赶上真相 But slowly and steadily science is catching up with
色情的影响 the truth that the effects of porn are far
远比你被牵着鼻子走而确信的要更巨大而深刻 more substantial than what you're being led to believe.
这是我的汽车，她的名字是雪拉 This is my car, her names is Sheila.
她长发飘飘，如果汽车真的有头发的话她的确是这样的 She has long flowing hair, if cars did have hair she has it
她开起来很帅，就像飞马座一样 and she drives majestically, like a Pegasus.
我名叫瑞恩，我居住在亚利桑那州斯科茨代尔市 My name is Ryan, I live in Scottsdale Arizona,
我21岁，但我的胡子 I am 21 years old but my beard makes
让我看起来像37岁一样 me look like I'm like 37.
我成为一名鼓手已经11年了 I have been a drummer for 11 years.
现在我和我的三位挚友一同演奏 Right now I play with three of my really good friends
我们有些忙碌而且乐此不疲 and we just kind of jam out and have fun.
（乐队）是我真正感到自由洒脱的地方 It's a place where really I can be free.
我可以仅仅做我自己 I can just be me and not have
而且不必担心我周围的事物 to worry about the things around me.
话说回来，我大概10岁的时候 Back when I was about 10 years old I was on the internet
我在互联网上瞥了一眼色情内容 and I caught one glimpse of pornography.
对我来说，这是轻微的罪过 For me there was that slight guilt but I just
我为之辩解，说：“好吧，这感觉不错 justified it by saying, "Oh well it feels great
“所以我就一直观看它。” "so I'm just gonna keep looking at it."
♪ （轻柔的乐声） ♪ ♪ (soft music) ♪
这始于一张图片，然后一张又一张 It just went from one picture to another to another
就像看不到边的充斥着性的深海 and it was just like an endless vast ocean of sex.
♪ （轻柔的乐声） ♪ ♪ (soft music) ♪
色情侵扰了我思考与举止的方式 Pornography affected the way I thought and behaved,
它改变了我看待女生的方式 it changed the way I viewed girls.
它将她们置于我面前，就像她们是我使用的工具 It started to kinda put them as objects of my use.
这就是重布更换回路的过程，我们称之为神经可塑性过程 It's a rewiring process, we call it neuro plastic process.
正如塑料是可变而可塑的 Just as plastic is changeable and malleable
我们可以改变大脑的形态 we can change the shape of the brain.
这是 当劳·L·休顿·乔尼尔 博士 That's Dr Donald L Hilton Jr.,
他是一位神经外科医生，也是这方面的兼任副教授 he's a neurosurgeon and is an adjunct associate professor
来自于坐落在圣安东尼奥市中心的 of neurosurgery at the University of Texas Health Science
德克萨斯州健康科学大学，真拗口啊 Center at San Antonia, that is a mouthful,
但还是听听他说的吧，因为他是个聪明的伙计 but listen to him cause he's a smart guy.
正如他说的，你的大脑是...叫什么来着？ According to him your brain is, what's that word again?
可塑的 Malleable.
好吧，他说的是 Okay so what he's saying is that
你的大脑不像这样，而是更像这样 your brain is less like this, and more like this.
如果你想看到你大脑的真实样子 If you want to get all literal about it your
它更像是这样 brain's actually more like this. That's tofu for
这是给你们这些爱吃肉的人的豆腐 all you carnivores out there.
这就是他们所说的，你大脑摸起来的感觉 That's what they say your brain feels like,
但是我们不是去说它的触感，我们要说的是 but we're not talking about texture, we're talking
你的大脑正在不断改变 about the fact that your brain is constantly changing
并塑造它自己的事实 and molding itself.
神经学家称之为可塑性 Neuroscientists call it plasticity.
意味着每件你想要的事，你需要的事 Meaning everything you want, everything you need,
每件你做的事，都会引起你的大脑 everything you do causes your brain to make little
建立新的回路和连接 pathways and connections inside itself,
以至于下次再做这件事之时，你能反应得更快 so it can do it faster next time.
学习乐器，运动 Learn an instrument, play a sport,
学跳查尔斯顿舞，都是这样的 learn to do the Charleston.
这就是关键，你的大脑可以改变它自己 Here's the point, your brain can change itself,
今天，你的大脑会与昨天的不同 it can be a different brain today than it was yesterday.
我们能够就某件事训练我们的大脑 We can train our brain in something and then
然后负责那件事的区域会成长，其容纳能力会更大 grow that area, which means we have more capacity in
去处理传入的刺激 that area to process incoming stimuli.
所以如果你练了很多数学 So if you train a lot of math, your brain area
你大脑中负责数学计算的区域会成长 response for math calculation is going to grow
你就会更擅长于数学 and you're going to get better at this.
这是科姆博士 That's Dr Kuhn of the Max Planck Institute
她来自致力于人类发展的柏林马克斯普朗克学院 For Human Development in Berlin.
她来或是为了在座的德语使用者（其实人家博士会英语） Or for you German speakers out there.
（德语） (speaks in foreign language)
无论如何，她会告诉我们 Anyway she's gonna tell us what all
色情对大脑可塑性的影响 this plasticity talk has to do with porn.
我们在每天做的每件事 Everything that we do each and every day shapes
都在塑造我们的大脑 our brain to the thing that it is.
所以如果我真的喜爱运动 So if I really like sports I will have brain
我将拥有一个致力于游泳及此类事情的区域更强大的大脑 regions dedicated for swimming and stuff.
另一方面，如果我观看很多色情片 If I, on the other hand, watch a lot of porn
这将训练我的大脑， I will train my brain regions responsible for porn
使它负责处理色情的区域更强大 processing a lot more.
哇，一个被受训处理色情的大脑 Wow, a brain trained to process porn.
我料想到有些人 I suppose someone could hear that
会觉得这听起来很酷 and think it sounded pretty cool, but let's listen
但让我们听听那些真正明白这种滋味的人 to someone who actually knows how it feels.
很糟很可怕 Horrible.
索然无味，一文不值 Flat and nothing- it's completely,
这完全不是任何的享受或愉悦 no enjoyment in anything.
♪ （轻柔的乐声） ♪ ♪ (soft music) ♪
我名叫 丹 ，现在22岁 My name's Dan, I'm 22 years old.
我教钢琴弹奏，下班后我会拜访我的朋友 I teach piano and I work out and I go and see friends.
我正在写一本书 I'm writing a book.
所以我有很多的日程项目 So I have quite a lot of projects.
♪ （轻柔的乐声） ♪ ♪ (soft music) ♪
我没想到我会变成这样 I didn't think I'd ever turn out like this.
在我还是个少年时，我开始观看色情片 I started watching porn in my teenage years
他让我感到最糟糕的空虚 and it made me feel probably the worst feeling of
你感到这是一种扭曲 emptiness, where you feel this kind of wrenching,
心灵扭曲的悲伤和痛苦 heart-wrenching kind of sadness or sorrow,
但你却无能为力 but you can't do anything about it.
汝知它就在那，可你却感受不到 You can't even feel it but you know it's there.
你知道它仅仅在消耗你 You know it's the only thing there and it consumes
这一文不值，你甚至无法... you but there's nothing, you can't even,
全是麻木 you're just numb to it all.
真的完全平淡而毫无价值，你就像一个机器人 Just completely flat, you're just like a robot.
♪ （轻柔的乐声） ♪ ♪ (soft music) ♪
我之前从未意识到这件事是如何塑造我的思想的 I never realized the stuff, like how it shaped my mind
是如何改变我看待人们的方式的 and how it changed the way I viewed people
是如何改变我的期望的 and how it changed my expectations
是如何改变，我是说，我的一切 and how it changed, I mean, everything about me.
除了我的身体以外，它还改变了我的精神 Besides my physical appearance, like it changed mentally,
就像它把我撕开 it just kind of ripped me apart.
变得这样扭曲 It just became this twisted thing and it just wasn't
这一点也不好 good, like that was my thing that I went to
就像 当我想让我自己感到愉悦 when I wanted to feel good and when I wanted
想让我感到满足时，它仅仅让我感到 to feel complete and then it just made me feel like
感到一无所有，一无所有都比这更好 there was nothing, if this isn't good than nothing's good.
所以让我们进入具体细节 So let's get into specifics here.
让我们来谈谈色情重塑 Let's talk about the first major
你大脑的第一种主要途径 way porn can rewire your brain.
每个人都知道形象能够蕴含巨大的力量 Everyone knows that images can hold enormous power,
他们能够改变我们对美的观念， they can change our whole concept of beauty,
对形体的审美，以及我们平时的观点，但为什么是形象呢？ body type and what we consider normal but why is that?
尼古拉斯·丁伯根是一位 Nikolaas Tinbergen was a biologist who received
在70年代获得诺贝尔奖的生物学家， the Nobel Prize in the 1970s, he's most famous
他尤其因为提出“超正常刺激”这一术语而闻名 for coining the term "super normal stimulus",
这的确是一种用于描述 which is really just a fancy way of describing
某些 比我们在平常生活中见到的 更大更好的事物 something that is bigger and greater than what someone
的奇特的方法 would see in their normal everyday natural lives.
在他最有名的一项实验中 In one of his most famous experiments he took
他找来了一些特别的蝴蝶 butterflies where the males were attracted to
这些蝴蝶的雄性被雌性的翅膀的颜色、图案和样式所吸引 the color, pattern and shape of the female's wings.
他用纸板制做了一些异常巨大的蝴蝶翅膀 He then made cardboard butterfly wings and he painted
并且给它们涂上鲜艳的颜色 them brighter and made them bigger than nature ever would.
听听这个，这可是真实的故事 So get this, this is a real story, the male butterflies
那些雄性蝴蝶试图去与纸板（蝴蝶）交配 tried to mate with the cardboard.
事实上，甚至当雌性蝴蝶在场时 In fact even when females were present the males
那些雄性蝴蝶会忽视她们，并继续将注意力集中在纸板上 would ignore them and stay focused on the cardboard.
这有些荒唐愚蠢，对吧？ That's kind of insane right?
丁伯根对于大脑的发现是这样的 What Tinbergen discovered about the brain was that
大脑可能因做下列这些事情而被操纵 it could be manipulated by doing the following.
第一，了解到是什么在刺激大脑 First, figure out what stimulates the brain.
第二，刻画一种言过其实的夸张描述 Second, create an exaggerated version.
第三，大脑通常将会更喜爱 And third, the brain will often come to prefer
这种夸张的描述 the exaggerated version.
这个关于任何一个大脑工作的生物学发现 It's important to remember that this is a biological
是重要的 discovery about the way the brain- any brain- works.
不管这个大脑属于一只蝴蝶或是一个人类 Whether it belongs to a butterfly or a human.
不相信我吗？ Don't believe me?
这是在过去的饮食中 Back in the day this is the amount of sugar
摄入糖的平均值 in the average diet.
这是现在的摄糖量 This is the amount today.
完全不同哈？ Pretty stark difference huh?
50年前的玩具娃娃是怎样的呢？ What about what fashion dolls looked like 50 years ago?
这是她们今天的模样 This is what they look like today.
这是80年代的战士玩偶看起来的样子 This what an action figure looked like in the 80s,
这是他们今天看起来的样子 here's what they look like today.
哇 他们的肌肉上还是肌肉 Wow they've got muscles on their muscles.
你看到了吧，我们在哪里有机会夸大其实 You see, wherever we have the opportunity to exaggerate
我们就会接受什么样的刺激和引诱 what stimulates or entices us we take it.
但你还记得丁伯根的第三条发现吗？ But remember the third final piece of Tinbergen's discovery?
最后我们会更喜爱这种超正常刺激 Eventually we prefer the super normal stimuli
并且我们会忽视 那些被夸大的事物的 正常值 and we ignore what's normal for what's exaggerated.
所以色情是怎样的呢？ So what about porn?
什么是被色情夸大的正常刺激？ What are the normal stimuli that porn exaggerates?
我开始观看的也许是普通的色情内容 I started watching probably normal porn
然后它很快升级为更露骨的内容 and then it quickly escalated to more extreme stuff.
我会去尝试更多的内容 I'd try out pretty much anything.
这并不是因为我发现它很诱惑 Not because I found it a turn on,
而是因为它让我感到很震惊 just because it shocked me.
任何让我感到震惊的东西我都会去观看 Anything that shocked me I would just be watching it.
我想起当我还是个小女孩的时候 I think about when I was a little girl
我曾经是怎样想象我的初吻 and how I used to think about my first kiss
就像和一个男孩手牵着手如此简单， and like holding hands with a guy and how simple,
像这样如此天真的事情就会让我很激动， innocent things like that were so exciting,
而色情对我做的就是扭曲我曾经的想法 and what porn did was that it twisted that thinking.
在所有疯狂的方面扭曲我 It twisted into thinking that all these crazy genres
对于原本充满着浓浓爱意、激动、愉悦与满足 of sex were romantic and were exciting and were fun
的性 的看法 and were fulfilling but I really felt empty,
但我真的感到很空虚，从未有满足感 and I felt like I was never satisfied.
它仅仅是使我精疲力尽 It was just exhausting.
真的精疲力尽 It was really exhausting.
♪ （柔和的音乐） ♪ ♪ (soft music) ♪
我多么希望我从未经历过这些 I wish that I never went through this.
多么希望我从未看过第一张图片 I never wish I saw that first picture,
多么希望我从未看过第一个视频 I never wish I watched that first video,
多么希望我从未，从未想要过这些中的任何一点点，所以... I never wish, I never wanted any of this, so.
♪ （柔和的音乐） ♪ ♪ (soft music) ♪
一种新的社会现象正在发生 A new phenomenon is happening in which I've
我曾尝试去敲响警钟，因为这绝不是暂时的， tried to sound an alarm because it's not temporary,
这不是一个阶段。年轻男性和女性的生活 it's not a phase. Young men and women's lives are
正在被过度的色情毁灭 being ruined by excessive pornography.
这是斯坦福大学的 That's Dr Philip Zimbardo
菲利普·津巴尔多博士 of Stanford University.
近些年来他的研究着眼于 For the last few years his research has focused on
赌博与色情给现在正成长的一代人 the psychological impact of gaming and pornography
带来的心理影响 on today's rising generation.
色情带来这些消极的影响 Porn has these adverse effects because it's
因为他是迷人的，令人陶醉的 captivating, it's enchanting.
你一直在盯着你面前的屏幕 You're focusing on the screen right here
你正排除世界上除色情之外的每一件事 and you're eliminating everything else in the universe.
我曾经说过，世界上除色情之外的每一件事 And I've said everything else in
就是我们称之的生活 the universe is called life.
劫持是色情得以进行的一种重要途径 Hijacking is a great way to put it because
当你劫持某样事物时，你将它 when you hijack something, you take it from
从原本应到达的地方带走，并将它送到另一个地方 going where it's supposed to go and send it someplace else.
这是威廉·斯查德斯博士 That's Dr. William Struthers.
他是一位来自伊利诺伊州惠顿大学的 He's a professor of psychology
心理学与神经科学教授 and neuroscience at Wheaton College in Illinois.
他教授一门关于生物基础行为的课程 He teaches a course on the biological basis of behavior.
一个原来被设计用于 A neurological system that is designed to go
联系两个人彼此的神经系统 to a place where two people are bound to one another,
现在正被你改变方向，以至于 you're now redirecting it so that their sexuality
你的性行为将你与除情爱关系之外的事捆绑起来 is binding them to something other than that relationship.
这就是曾让我感觉不错的东西 It was something that made me feel good
曾经我一直做的东西 and something that I just kept pushing for 'cause it
因为它就像，当我感觉糟糕时，我可以这样做 was like, if I'm feeling bad I can go to this
因为它可以让我感觉好起来 'cause it makes me feel great.
随着时间的推移，我越陷越深 And as time went on and I got deeper
在这些事里越陷越深，我想要更多 and deeper into the stuff I wanted more.
从某种意义上说，我已经色情成瘾 In a sense I became addicted to pornography.
好吧，就是这样的 Okay so there it is.
这个你可能一直在期待的词语 The word you've probably been expecting.
当言及色情，我们现在来谈谈一个最著名的话题 We've come now to the single most well-known topic
这个词：成瘾 when it comes to pornography. This word: addiction.
这是大多数人在关于色情的演讲中期待的词语 It's what most people expect in a presentation
尤其是色情与大脑 about porn, especially porn and the brain.
有引人兴致的学术研究表明 There is compelling academic research that confirms
色情成瘾的每一点都和毒品成瘾同样真实 pornography addiction is every bit as real
有些人提出质疑，“成瘾”是否是 as drug addiction, and some question whether "addiction"
描述它的最适词语 is the best word to describe it.
但确定无疑的是， But what is not in dispute are the hundreds of thousands
当今世界上成百上千的人们 of people in the world right now experiencing
正经历着对色情失控的渴求之感 what they feel is an uncontrollable need for porn.
当我第一次发现色情内容时，那就像走下坡路一样简单 Once I found pornography it was just downhill.
自从我第一次观看色情内容开始，我就很入迷 From the first when I watched it I was hooked,
真的很沉迷，我每天要看大概3次以上 really hooked, I watched it about three more times that day
在这之后，每一天越来越多，持续了6年 and then everyday after that, pretty much for six years.
我感觉我不得不每天至少观看一次 I felt like I had to watch it at least once a day,
可能一天很多次 probably multiple times a day.
我越编造理由为我的行为辩解开脱 Every justification that I made, I became deeper
我在这件事上就越陷越深 and deeper and deeper into the stuff
这就像一场去为这件事辩解的永不停息的战争 and it was just kind of like this constant battle
我并没有了解到这些影响 to justify the stuff, and I didn't know the effects it was
它在我身上的影响，和它对我所做的一切 having on me, and the things it was doing to me.
我意识到我迷失了自己，失去了很多自控力 I realized that I had lost myself and I just lost a lot
这真的很难，真的很难 of my self control, it was really hard, it was really hard.
另一方面，我们并不是说 Again we're not saying that everyone
每个人都被色情以同样的方式影响 is impacted by porn in the same way,
我们只是分享人们的真实经历 we're just sharing real people's experiences
和研究 所显示的事实 and what real studies have shown.
上述现象大概可以归结于 So what it basically comes down to are these two major parts
你大脑的两主要区域：奖励中枢与前额叶皮层 of your brain: the reward center and the prefrontal cortex.
让我们先来说说奖励中枢，跟上我的思路 Let's talk about the reward center first, stay with me here,
这会 有些科学性 can get a little sciency.
在我们大脑的这个远始而古老的区域 We have a dopamine factory in this very primitive,
有着一座多巴胺工厂，它将大脑回路传至奖励中枢 old part of our brain and it sends brain wires up to this
然后它的确用欲望控制了大脑 reward area, and it literally powers the brain with desire.
所以基本上人们寻找，追求的每一件事 So basically everything that people seek to pursue
都受奖励中枢的驱使 is something that is driven by the reward center.
你大脑的低级奖励中枢对于人类来说 That lower reward part of your brain is
并不是独一无二的，它想要哺乳动物想要的每种事物： not unique to humans, it wants what every mammal wants:
去生存，去繁衍，去让自己感到舒适 to live, to reproduce, to be comfortable.
想想那些你在生活中喜爱去做的所有事情 Think of all the things in life you love to do.
是的，正因为你的大脑奖励中枢寻求这些事物 Yep, it's that reward part of your brain that
所以你才会感觉很棒 seeks those things, that's why they feel good.
现在让我们来说说更高级的部分 So now let's talk about the upper part.
前额叶皮层在奖励中枢的另一侧 And then we have the prefrontal cortex on the other side
它大体上约束着奖励中枢的寻求系统 that basically regulates these reward seeking structures.
如果你大脑中的低级部分 If the lower part of your brain
是你和每一种哺乳动物都共有的 is something you share with every mammal,
那么高级部分 便使你别于动物而成为人类 the upper part is what makes you human.
当你思考，当你推断，当你权衡后果时， When you think, when you reason, when you weight the
你正使用着你大脑的高级部分 consequences, you're using that upper part of your brain.
正常情况下，前额叶皮层 Normally the prefrontal cortex keeps
会控制着奖励中枢 the reward center in check.
奖励中枢说：“我想吃掉一整个披萨。” The reward center says, "I want to eat an entire pizza."
前额叶皮层会说： The prefrontal cortex says,
“也许我应该只吃几块。” "Maybe I should just have a couple slices."
奖励中枢说：“我想一觉睡到中午。” The reward center says, "I want to sleep in til noon."
前额叶皮层会说： The prefrontal cortex says,
“如果我一直旷课的话，我会毕不了业的。” "If I keep missing school I won't graduate."
关键在于，当我们观看色情内容时 The point is, the relationship can change
这两者之间的关系会发生改变 between these two when we view porn.
从某种角度说，如果大脑是一辆汽车， In a sense, if the brain is a car, that frontal
前额决策系统就是它的刹车 executive system is a brake,
就像刹车片上盖上了“成瘾”这个东西 and it's like the brake pads wear out with addiction.
它无法好好地工作 They don't work as well.
大脑也就无法停下 The brain doesn't stop as well.
它只是想要 It just wants.
我们大体上解释说明了： We basically illustrate that the more pornography
人们观看的色情内容越多 people watch, the less strong the link is between
奖励中枢和前额叶皮层的联系就越弱 the reward system and the prefrontal cortex.
那么我的推测几乎是这样的:那些观看色情内容的人， And pretty much my hypothesis was that ventri striatum
他们的奖励区域和腹侧纹状体会比常人的更大 and the reward region should be bigger in those people
可事实恰恰相反 watching pornography, and it's exactly the other way around.
你对此感到震惊吗？ Were you shocked?
是的，我真没想到 Yes, yes.
即使不坐在电脑前，不管怎样，我都会一直想着 Even when I was not in front of the computer or whatever
一直在想着 I was thinking about it, I was just,
好吧，待会我想要看什么呢？ okay what am I gonna look up later?
每件事都因为这些想法而变得阴沉模糊 Everything was clouded by these thoughts
这样的幻想已经根深蒂固，日久难改 and by the images that had been kind of ingrained in me.
就像我无法不去看它 Like I couldn't not watch it.
所以简而言之， So that in a nutshell is the final way
这就是色情影响大脑的最终途径 that porn can affect the brain.
这称之为成瘾，称之为强烈欲望冲动 Call it addiction, call it compulsion.
有些人称之为（大脑）杏仁核劫持 Some people refer to it as the amygdala hijack,
顺带一提，这可是个乐队的好名字 which would be a great band name by the way.
你大脑的需求部分征服了 It's when the part of our brain that wants something
你通过预测后果而思考的部分 overpowers the part that thinks through the consequences.
不过，如果你像很多人一样 And hey, if you are one of the many people
正经历着失控 experiencing what feels like a loss of control
别感到羞愧，别把它作为秘密而深藏 don't be ashamed and don't keep it a secret.
向某人倾诉，你将会很惊讶 Talk to someone, you'll be surprised how much
你周围的人会多么理解你，并且想要帮助你 the people around you understand and want to help.
你无需孤身一人去解决它 You don't have to deal with it alone.
色情开始给我去做更多的欲望 Pornography started to give me that desire to do more,
去做那些在图片和视频以外的事 to want more than just pictures and just videos.
所以我做了一个难以启齿的决定 And that's when I made a dumb decision.
♪ （痛苦而难忘的乐声） ♪ ♪ (haunting music) ♪
在我13岁时， When I was 13 I was arrested for touching a girl
我因在两个不同场合 触摸一个比我年幼的女孩 而入狱 younger than I was on two different occasions.
当我被关进牢房的时候， When I was put in that jail cell it was
这真是一次可怕的经历， a terrifying experience, it was just this
我看见那张小小的铁床，小小的牢房 little tiny, metal bunk beds, jail cell.
我不知道我将在那儿待多久 I didn't know how long I was gonna be in there for either.
我只是个13岁的孩子，这真的很艰难 I was a 13 year old kid and it was rough.
从那时起，那便是我开始反击之地 And so from that moment on, that's where my fight began.
♪ （柔和的乐声） ♪ ♪ (soft music) ♪
没有人意识到色情的所作所为No one realizes what this stuff does.
我曾经并不知道，作为一个成长中的孩子，我永远不会知道 I didn't know. As a kid growing up I would have never known.
它就像在精神上把我撕开 Mentally it just kind of ripped me apart.
现在我和青年们一同工作 Now I work with youth and it's cool to
帮助他们在这场反色情之战中战斗，真的很酷 help fight this pornography battle
因为不会有人认为孤军奋战是有趣的 because it's not one that's fun to fight alone.
我21岁，这场战役从未结束 I'm 21 and the battle isn't gone.
色情没有离开， It didn't leave, it didn't just
它没有放弃，没有说：“好吧，我投降。” get up and say, "Okay, I'm done."
当你鼓掌或当你许愿时，色情并未结束 It doesn't stop when you clap your hands or you make a wish.
我并不想让这一切听起来很消极 I'm not trying to sound negative, but this pornography
但色情就是一场战争，我不想回到从前了 is a battle and I don't want to go back.
这是一场我愿意为之战斗的战役 And it's a battle which I'm willing to fight.
当你深陷于浏览色情内容的战壕时 When you're deep in the trenches of viewing pornography
停止观看它会很难很难 stopping it could be really, really difficult.
你观看的色情内容 The pornography that you're watching is usually
常常满足了你在生活中的某些需要 meeting some need in your life.
所以，一种能加快你康复过程的方式是 So one of the ways that you can really speed up
你可以去寻找更好的途径 in the recovery process is that you can find better
来满足那些需要 ways to meet those needs.
就像你吃了很多的巧克力棒 It's like eating a Snicker's bar
这时你的身体真的很需要一盘沙拉 when your body really needs a salad.
所以请用那些你真正需要的东西 So replacing what you've been putting
来代替你一直放入体内的渣滓 （《掌控习惯》语：克服坏习惯的一种重要方法就是用好习惯代替它） into your body with what is actually needed
这的确将会让你变得健康 is actually gonna make you be healthy.
我记起有一天，那是平常的一天 I remember one day, it was a normal day,
我知道我将要去浏览色情内容 and I knew I was gonna watch porn but for the first
可终于我第一次大声说道 time I finally said it out loud.
我说：“我讨厌这样，我讨厌色情，”I said, "I hate this, I hate porn,
“我讨厌这样做，我讨厌被它奴役。” "I hate doing this, I hate being a slave to this."
我就这样崩溃了 And I just kind of broke down. I broke down and
我意识到并不是我如此糟糕，而是色情在作祟 I realized that it wasn't me that was bad, it was the porn.
所以现在我的成瘾已得到控制 So now my addiction is under control.
真的好了很多，当然，这仍然是一场斗争 It's so much better, but it's still a struggle of course.
最近有一个月 There was a month recently that I
我再次重蹈覆辙去观看色情内容，这很艰难 fell back into watching porn and it was hard.
研究显示，即使是最严重的毒品成瘾 Even with the most severe drug addictions,
我们的大脑也能够痊愈恢复 studies have shown that the brain can recover.
一项有趣的研究显示，经过1~2年的恢复， An interesting study showed with a year or two of recovery
这些褶皱萎缩的区域的确会再次增大 these shrunken areas actually enlarged again,
恢复到正常的容纳能力，所以我们知道大脑在恢复 back to more normal volumes, so we know the brain heals.
我们真的可以设想这样的恢复 We've actually been able to visualize recovery.
♪ （柔和的乐声） ♪ ♪ (soft music) ♪
所以我坐下来，开始哭泣 So I sat down and I just started crying,
泪水决堤，我无法相信 just this rush of tears, and I couldn't believe I was so
我是如此的眼瞎而没有看到我生活中这一严重的问题 blind to see that this was a serious problem in my life.
我如此渴望康复 I was so desperate to recover.
6年来，我每天都观看色情内容 I was watching porn everyday for six years,
有时候一天2~3次 like twice, three times a day sometimes.
后来我可能一个月会看一次 And then I was watching porn maybe once a month,
之后我不再观看色情内容，可后来我又打回原形 and then I stopped watching porn, and then I relapsed.
所以这一切夺走了我本可以拥有和享受的青春 So this took away my teenage years that I could have
最终，随着时间的推移， been enjoying. And eventually, with time, it sort
这渐渐变得容易停止 of became easier to stop it.
我看到了希望 And I just knew there was hope, for the first time in my
第一次在我的生活中有了希望，就像隧道尽头的光芒 （译者在这里想到了《Loner·远方》游戏） life there was hope, there was like a light at the end of
然后我遇见了我的女朋友 the tunnel. And then I met my girlfriend and there was this
这才是真正的联系，我想去吻她 connection, and I wanted to kiss her and do these things,
去体验那些我之前从未感受过的事物 which I hadn't felt before.
很多年没有这样了，我再次感到我变回了一个人 Not for many many years and it was like, I felt human again.
那么长时间没有感受到人性和人情，我现在终于再次感受到 Hadn't felt human for a long time and I felt human again.
我无法表于言语 I can't put it into words,
这真的是超出言语的东西 it's something very beyond words really.
（水声隆隆） (water rumbles)
现在我更开心了许多。我感到自由， So now I'm much happier. I feel free,
我感到我放下了沉重的负担 I feel like a weight's been lifted off me.
但这仍是一场斗争 But it's still a struggle.
我猜你会说，我很容易重蹈覆辙 I get really easily triggered, I guess you could say.
那些事情仍困扰着我 Things just bother me, like certain music,
像某些音乐、图片、影片，某些事情仍萦绕脑中 pictures, movies, there's certain things
但我不会允许它们于我的生活中再次出现 I just don't allow in my life.
生活没有了色情 变得更轻松 Life is easier without porn.
我现在能够拥有朋友 I can have friends.
能够信任他人 I can trust people now.
我几乎再次感到了满足 I just feel almost complete again.
♪ （振奋的乐曲） ♪ ♪ (uplifting music) ♪
不管曾经多么黑暗或沮丧， No matter how dark or depressed, your
你的大脑都有恢复的力量，将它自己变得健康、 brain has the power to heal, return itself to the healthy,
开心，恢复到你所渴望的正常功能状态。 happy, functioning state you crave.
菲尼尔斯（前文的铁棒哥）不得不带着他的伤度过余生 Phineas had to live with his injury for the rest of his life
但色情的影响却不是永久的 but the effects of pornography don't have to be permanent.
虽然这是一个真正的问题 Here's the real question though. If porn really does
如果色情以不健康的方式重塑我们的大脑， rewire the brain in unhealthy ways, then what are the
那如此多的人在观看它会产生怎样的后果呢？ consequences of so many people watching it?
上一年，超过40亿小时的色情片 Last year over 4 billion hours of porn were
在互联网上被浏览，40亿呀， viewed on one website, 4 billion, with a B.
所有这一切的色情内容将会怎样影响它的浏览者？ How will all that porn affect the viewers?
它会怎样影响他们的男朋友、 How will it affect their boyfriends,
女朋友、丈夫、妻子和家人？ girlfriends, husbands, wives and families?
它会怎样影响世界？ How will it affect the world?
♪ （振奋的乐曲） ♪ ♪ (uplifting music) ♪
你想成为什么？ What do you want to be?
我想成为一名海洋生物学家 I want to be a Marine.
我想当一位新闻记者 I'd like to be a journalist.
我想进入大学去研修电影学和艺术 I want to go to college for film and arts.
我想去制作卡通影片 I want to make cartoons.
我想成为一名飞机机械师 I want to be an aircraft mechanic.
我想去玩电子游戏，这是当然的( ¯▽¯；) I like to play video games, that's for sure.
我想在纽约做一名演员 I want to be a performer in New York City.
最终我想成为一位母亲 Ultimately I want to be a mother.
大脑，心灵，世界 The brain, the heart, the world.
这就是我们信息的三部分 These are the three parts of our message
它都始于这里，始于大脑 and it all starts here, with the brain.
保护好你的大脑，并珍惜它。这是第一步 Defend your brain. Treasure it. That's the first step.
你的脑袋里生来就有 You were born with a machine in your head more
一台比世界上最快的计算机 powerful and with more potential than
更强大而更具潜力的机器 the world's fastest computer.
请把它全部献于你的生存和幸福 All dedicated to the survival and happiness of you
与你所爱的人 and the one's you love.
这就是你宏伟的，令人难以置信的大脑 Your magnificent, mind-boggling brain.
请照顾好它，它生来也为了照顾好你 Take care of it, it was made to take care of you.
♪ （振奋的乐声） ♪ ♪ (uplifting music) ♪
你好，我的名字是克雷·奥尔森， Hi, my name is Clay Olsen,
对抗新毒品组织的联合创始人和主席 the co-founder and president of Fight The New Drug.
我们希望你喜欢纪录片的第一集：大脑 We hope that you enjoyed Episode One: The Brain,
在这一集中，我们探索了 where we explore the harmful effects
色情对个体的有害影响 of pornography for individuals.
如果你或你认识的某人正在与色情搏斗 If you or somebody that you know is struggling
那么你必须知道：希望永在， with pornography you gotta know that there is hope,
能得到的恢复与改善是真实的 that recovery is real and to learn more about
想要 就如何克服这一切 how to overcome this or to help somebody
或 就如何帮助搏击于此的他人 了解更多 that's struggling with this, you can learn more
你可以访问joinfortify.com/ftnd. at joinfortify.com/ftnd.
或者你也可以在应用商店下载免费的 Fortify（强化加固） app Or you can download the free Fortify app on the App Store.
真的有来自超过155个国家的成百上千的人 Literally hundreds of thousands of people are using
正在使用这款工具 this tool from over 155 countries around the world
来获得实用策略， to gain practical strategies, to connect with other
或与其他同行在这条通往自由之路上的人联系 people on this pathway to freedom
而且还有情况追踪模式和综合成果总结 as well as track patterns and overall outcomes.
在这一集的最后，我想说：“你不必孤身奋战。” Bottom line, you don't have to do this alone.
感谢你的观看。 Thanks for watching.
♪ （柔和的乐声） ♪ ♪ (soft music) ♪