一些基本的电视术语很容易掌握 some basic television terminology is very handy to know
制片人、导演和摄像师 producers directors camera operators
声音操作员系列制作人 sound operators series producers
监督生产者 supervising producers
执行制片人 executive producers
和调试编辑器 and commissioning editors
都会开始跟我们说话 are all going to start to talk to us
在这些行业术语中 in these industry terms
所以认识他们是件好事 so it's a good thing to know them
其中一些 some of these
取决于我们在世界上的位置 vary depending on where we are in the world
但在多个国家工作过 but having worked in multiple countries
我发现通常所有这些都有一个版本 I find that there is usually a version of all of these
这描述了完全相同的事情 that describes exactly the same thing
急促 rushes
或镜头或媒体 or footage or media
这是10分钟或10小时的镜头 this is the 10min or 10h of footage
那是摄像师拍的 that has been shot by the camera operator
导演还是你 the director or you
灯心草就是一切 the rushes are the whole
已拍摄的原始片段主体 body of raw footage that has been shot
必须缩减到最后的持续时间 and has to be whittled down to the final duration
让我们回首过去 寻找那颗失踪的子弹 let's look back in the rushes for that missing shot
是编辑套件中使用的常用术语 is a common term used in the edit suite
时间码时间码是电视的八位数 time code time code is television's eight digit
数字标记系统 numerical labeling system
锁定所有被射杀的东西 that locks everything that's been shot
具有唯一的一组数字 with a unique set of numbers
小时分钟 hours minutes
秒和帧打印到 seconds and frames are printed onto every
摄像头提供的单个媒体 single piece of media by the camera
所以我们知道一切都在哪里 so we know where absolutely everything is
在离线过程结束时 at the end of our offline process
我们有一个电影的图示 we have a graphical representation of our film
在时间线上 on the timeline
但我们的电影本质上是一组时间代码 but our film is essentially a set of time code numbers
按我们编辑的顺序运行 running in the order that we edited them
放炮率 shooting ratio
这是一个与射中多少子弹有关的术语 this is the term which relates to how much was shot
与持续时间相比 compared to what the duration
我们最后一部电影的 of our final film will be
如果我们要做一个60秒的广告 if we've got to deliver a 60 seconds commercial
拍摄了20分钟的录像 and twenty minutes of footage was shot
这是20比1的射门率 that is a shooting ratio of 20 to one
如果我们在做1h if we're working on a 1h
观测纪录片 observational documentary
这是几个月来拍摄的 that was shot over many months
我们可能有100个小时的录像 we might have a hundred hours of footage
这给了我们一个非常高的拍摄率 100比1 that gives us a very high shooting ratio of 100 to one
电视真人秀和观察纪录片 reality tv and observational documentaries
以射门率极高著称 famously have very high shooting ratios
就像一场戏剧 just like a drama
任何电视 any tv
《世界秀》不会按顺序拍摄节目 show in the world would not shoot the program in order
看到一个不是先开枪然后看到两个等等 seen one isn't shot first and then seen two etc etc
该计划将是 the program will be
按贡献者可用性顺序拍摄 shot in the order of the availability of contributors
位置和物流 locations and logistics
我们在编辑中对它们进行重新排序 and we reorder them all in the edit
访谈 interviews
这听起来很明显 但值得一解释 it sounds obvious but it's worth an explanation
这些是其中一个贡献者 these are shots where one of the contributors
我们的节目正在接受导演的采访 in our show are being interviewed by the director
或生产商 or producer
他们可能在镜头外看着 they may be looking off camera at the person who is
采访他们 interviewing them
但并非总是如此 but not always
我们差一点就没空气了 we were so close to not making air
编辑套件中的另一个常见术语是sink another common term in the edit suite is sink
sink是一个通用术语 指某人的镜头 sink is a general term that means footage of someone
像面试一样说话 talking like an interview
董事通常会问我们 it will be common for a director to ask us if
有人在谈论这件事吗 is there any sink of someone talking about this
连接到摄像头或PTC的部件 pieces to camera or ptcs
这些通常由我们节目的主持人完成 these are usually done by presenters of our show
如果我们有一个 if we have one
它们是预先写好的或至少是预演过的 they are pre written or at least rehearsed
直接对着镜头的简短独白 short monologues which are said directly to camera
b滚这些是拍摄的照片 b roll these are the shots filmed that
显示我们场景的主题 show the subject of our scene
不管是一个人 whether it's a person
地点或事物 place or thing
并将被一些编辑称为 and will be used as what some editors call
墙纸快照以演示场景 wallpaper shots to illustrate the scene
剖面图 cutaways
这些是编辑中使用的b辊快照 these are the b roll shots that are used in the edit
在采访中隐藏切口 to hide cuts in the interviews
如果我们把某人的面试删掉了 if we've cut out a chunk of someone's interview
我们会在那里跳投 we'll have a jump cut in there
剖切隐藏切口 通常选择 a cutaway hides the cut and is usually chosen
基于主题的人 based on the subject of what the person
或者人们在谈论 or people are talking about
但这些镜头隐藏的不仅仅是跳投 but it's not just jump cuts that these shots are hiding
如果有什么 if there's anything
一个高个子 a tall in the shot that we
可能会分散观众的注意力 think could be distracting to the viewer
例如公众成员 for example a member of the public
向背景中的摄像机挥手致意 waving to the camera in the background
而我们的采访e while our interview e
我们也会用切掉的部分来隐藏 is talking we'll also hide that with a cut away
公司电影中的许多电视节目都有解说词 many tv shows in corporate films have commentary
也称为画外音或旁白 also known as voiceover or narration
这是纯音频描述性演讲 this is audio only descriptive speech
它有很多用途 and it has many uses
它可以用来描述场景中发生的事情 it can be used to describe what's going on in a scene
或者它可以 or it can
为观众营造正确的心态 create the right frame of mind for the audience
它可以帮助强化一个特别困难的概念 it can help reinforce a particularly difficult concept
甚至连在一起或总结 or even link together or summarize
一系列概念 a sequence of concepts
观众刚刚看到的 that the audience has just watched
在编辑套件中会多次听到 many times will hear in the edit suite
其缩写为com或vo their abbreviations com or vo
过渡溶解或交叉溶解 transitions dissolves or cross dissolves
这些是视觉效果 these are visual effects
表示一个场景中的时间流逝 that represent the passing of time from one scene
或者一枪接一枪 or one shot to another
不同的编辑程序给它们起不同的名字 different editing programs call them different names
但他们都做同样的事 but they all do the same thing
最常见的是交叉溶解 the most common are a cross dissolve
或淡入或淡入黑色 or a fade up or down to black
在场景的开始或结束处 at the start or end of a scene
刺痛很快 stings these are quick
用于跳出的图形或快照过渡 graphical or shot transitions that are used to get out
场景或位置的 of scenes or locations
它们通常用于娱乐节目 they're commonly used in entertainment shows
游戏节目和基于工作室的节目 game shows and studio based programs
但也有 but there are also
许多纪录片将其作为一种剪辑风格 many documentaries that use them as a cutting style
给人一种速度感 to give a sense of speed
现实是一个人的镜头 actuality actuality is footage of a person
或者一群人在 or group of people talking or doing things in
任何环境 any environment
当他们没有接受采访时 when they are not being interviewed
一个很好的思考方式 a good way to think about it
一般来说是这样吗 is that generally
他们不承认摄像机的存在 they are not acknowledging the camera's existence
但他们会在采访中这样做 but they would do in an interview
大部分真人秀节目都是一部观察纪录片 much of reality tv an observational documentary
是由这种类型的镜头组成的 is made up of this type of footage
这是一张贴纸 it's a sticker
是的 因为他们只是把它放在面板上 yeah because they just put it on a panel
拾取快照拾取快照是一个快照或一组快照 pickup shot a pickup shot is a shot or group of shots
就像某个东西的特写镜头 like a close up of something
这对现场至关重要 that is essential to the scene
但拍摄时通常会错过 but was usually missed when filming it
摄像机操作员 the camera operator
可能在拍摄一些戏剧性的东西 could have been filming something dramatic
不想破坏 and didn't want to spoil
停止动作拍摄 the filming by stopping the action
并获得必要的机会 and getting the necessary shot
b行中的许多 it is very common to find many of the b row
或场景的剖面图 or cutaways for the scene
我们正在剪辑所有片段的结尾 we're editing at the end of all the footage
镜头 shots
编辑过程的一个重要部分是了解 an essential part of the editing process is to know
所有镜头的名字 all the names of the shots
下面列出了一些使用最广泛的 here's a list of some of the most widely used
广角镜头 wide shot
中景拍摄 medium shot
闭合 close up
特写镜头 extreme close up
轮廓 profile
平锅 pan
倾斜 tilt
轨道 track
慢mo slow mo
定格 定格 freeze frame
和时间推移 and time lapse
这些都是我们要记住的好术语 so those are some great terms for us to memorize
我们可能已经认识很多人 也可能不认识 we may know many of them already or we may not
如果在课程的任何时候我们需要复习 if at any point during the course we need a refresher
让我们回头再看一遍本教程 let's go back and watch this tutorial again