hello everybody.welcome beer smith 大家好。欢迎啤酒史密斯
podcast number 60 today on the show we 我们今天播出的播客数量为60
got John Palmer back to talk about his 约翰帕尔默回来谈论他的
new book on water I want to announce 关于水的新书我想宣布
that beer Smith Mobile is out for iPad 那款啤酒史密斯移动适用于iPad
iPhone Android all those platforms now iPhone Android所有这些平台现在
and we're also posting the first round 我们也发布了第一轮
of updates so grab that from the Google 更新，所以从谷歌抓住
Play Store or the iTunes Store and now 立即播放商店或iTunes Store
without further ado let's jump into this 没有进一步的ado让我们跳进这个
week's episode today on the show my 今天一周的节目在节目中我的
guest is the one and only John Palmer 客人是唯一的约翰帕尔默
he's the author of how to brew brewing 他是如何酿造酿造的作者
classic styles in a new book coming to 经典的款式在一本新书来
coming on brewing water his website is 来自酿造水的他的网站是
it how to brew calm John it's it's great 它如何酿造冷静约翰这是伟大的
to have you back on the show how you 让你回到节目中你是怎么回事
doing man well thank you very much it's 做男人好非常感谢 你这是
great to be here Brett I was how are 很高兴在这里Brett我是怎么回事
things out in California oh they're very 在加利福尼亚的事情哦，他们非常
pleasant right now um had a had a couple 现在很愉快，你有一对夫妇
of days of rain and now it's back up to 几天下雨，现在又回来了
70 75 you can open up spin up for the 70 75你可以打开 为自旋向上
home brewing conference oh yeah I'm 家庭酿造会议哦是的我是
really looking forward to that there I 真的很期待，有我
was checking out some of the local 被检查出一些地方的
attractions in Philadelphia too and try 在费城的景点也尝试
to go visit some of those while we're 我们去的时候去拜访其中一些
out there you know we're talking about 在那里你知道我们在谈论
maybe taking an extra day to bop around 也许采取额外的一天国际 收支左右
there too 那里也是
yeah yeah well I want to start talking 是的， 我想开始说话
about your new book you got coming out 关于你出来的新书
yeah you just tell us real quick what 是的， 你只是快速告诉我们什么
it's about 是关于
well it's kind of everything water the 还有它的种一切水
subtitle of it is a comprehensive guide 它的副标题是一本综合指南
for Brewers we tried to cover everything 对酿酒人我们试图涵盖一切
from water sources how that influences 从水源如何影响
your brewing water how to read a water 你的酿造水怎么读水
report going a little deeper into the 报告会一点点深入
chemistry of the you know how the the 化学的你知道怎么样的
calcium magnesium and now kalenna tea 钙镁和现在的kalenna茶
all affect your brew how the malt 所有影响你的酿造麦芽的方式
chemistry affects your the mash pH and 化学会影响你的醪液pH值
etc you know all that chemistry then we 等你知道我们所有的化学反应
then we step out and try to make it a 然后我们走出去尝试使它成为一个
little more useful for professional 对专业人士来说更有用
brewers and look at 酿酒师，看看
water treatment processes that they 他们的水处理过程
would use on their source water coming 将使用他们的源水来
into the brewery such as softening and 进入啤酒厂，如软化和
carbon filtration and such and then we 碳过滤等我们
look at what treatment processes are 看看治疗过程是什么
there for wastewater because wastewater 有废水，因为废水
treatment is a huge issue for today's 治疗是今天的一个大问题
Brewers you know 50 years ago everybody 你知道50年前每个人的酿酒师
just dumped it all down the drain and 把它全部倾倒在地下
didn't think about it these days 没想到吧，这些天
Brewers usually need to treat their 酿酒师通常需要对待他们的
waste before they sent to the city well 在他们送到城市之前浪费了
if they're you know of any size right so 如果他们你知道任何大小的话
we look at those processes too and try 我们也会查看这些流程并尝试
to in you know we've tried to give every 你知道我们已经试着给每一个人
level of Brewer a guide to everything 布鲁尔的水平是一切的指南
that they would want to know about water 他们想知道水
I know that's the focus of it I know a 我知道这是我所关注的焦点
lot of home brewers don't spend much 很多家庭酿酒师不花太多钱
time thinking about water can you can 你可以考虑一下水的时间
you talk about why water is really so 你谈到为什么水真的如此
important for making good beer yeah the 对于制作好啤酒非常重要
example I like to use is tomato sauce 我喜欢用的例子是番茄酱
because when it comes right down to it 因为当它到来时
water is your seasoning in the beer and 水就是你在啤酒中的调味料
I'm not talking about hops here because 我不是在谈论啤酒花，因为
that's you know that's a component 你知道那是一个组件
that's that's like your oh you're spices 这就像你的哦，你是香料
and herbs and so on in your cooking as 和烹饪中的草药等等
opposed to the actual seasoning you know 反对你知道的实际调料
if you're adding salt to your food as 如果你在食物中添加盐
you're cooking it's the same thing in 你做饭是在同样的事情
looking at your water arm when you're 当你的时候看着你的水臂
brewing also your water controls your 酿造也是你的水控制你的
mash pH which controls your which 捣碎pH控制你的
influences your fermentation pH and beer 影响你的发酵pH值和啤酒
pH and going back to my tomato sauce pH值和要回我的番茄酱
analogy you've had you know spaghetti in 打个比方，你知道意大利面
various restaurants and made it a home 各种餐馆，使它成为一个家
you know sometimes the spaghetti sauce 你知道有时意大利面酱
is just kind of dull it just tastes like 它只是有点 像我的味道
ketchup and other times it's very acid 番茄酱和其他时间它非常酸
you know very bright tasting but kind of 你知道非常明亮的品尝但有点儿
acid you know and what you really want 你知道的酸和你真正想要的
in a great spaghetti sauce is something 在一个伟大的意大利面酱是一些东西
in-between something that has a rich 介于富有的东西之间
tomato flavor and yet some bright 番茄的味道还不错
acidity 酸度
that helps you know helps you taste the 这可以帮助你了解帮助你品尝
basil and marjoram and oregano and all 罗勒和马郁兰和牛至等
the all the flavors that are there in 所有的味道都在那里
the spaghetti sauce the way those 那些意大利面酱的方式
flavors are expressed to the palate is a 口味表达的味道是
function of pH and that's why water is pH的作用，这就是水的原因
important to beer brewing well let's 对啤酒酿造很重要的是让我们的
start at the very beginning which of 开始在开始的时候，其中
course is with the mash the rock and the 当然是醪中的岩石 和
water really comes into play perhaps 水也许真的发挥作用
perhaps most in the mash but can he 也许大部分都在捣碎，但他可以
right he tell us a little about that 他告诉我们一点
interaction sure sure well I like in the 交互确定我很喜欢
book I use a quote from David Taylor 我用大卫泰勒的名言
he wrote a he's a brewing scientist that 他写道，他是一位酿酒科学家
wrote a paper in 1990 for the master 1990年为大师写了一篇论文
Brewers technical quarterly titled the Brewers 技术季刊标题为
importance of pH control during brewing 酿造过程中pH控制的重要性
and this is a quote from the paper the 这是 纸张 上的报价
key point for control of pH throughout 控制pH值的关键点
the brewing process is during mashing 糖化过程中的酿造过程
this is due to the major influence that 这是由于主要影响
can be exerted at this stage on the 可以在这个阶段发挥作用
content and format of the buffer systems 缓冲系统的内容和格式
that will operate subsequently in the 随后将在该中运作
work and the beer so like I was saying 工作和啤酒就像我说的那样
the mash pH sets the stage for the for 醪液的pH设置阶段， 为对
the retire you know for the rest of the 退休你知道剩下的
brew and for the final beer flavor 酿造和最终的啤酒风味
and the you know why does why does the 并且你知道为什么会这样做
mash pH matter well we're in the mash 混合物pH值很好我们在混合物中
we're trying to drive enzyme activity 我们正在努力推动酶活性
you know we're trying to drive 你知道我们正在努力开车
conversion of the starches into sugars 将淀粉转化为糖类
from the malt and if the pH is too high 从麦芽，如果pH值过高
well actually the enzymes like high pH 实际上，像高pH值的酶
they like you know 5 6 up to 6.0 they 他们喜欢你知道5 6到6.0他们
don't mind that the trouble is if you if 如果你愿意，不要小心麻烦
you end up brewing that high a pH you 你最终酿造了那么高的pH值
end up with flavor issues down the line 结束了味道问题的路线
if your mash pH goes too low and then 如果你的醪液pH值太低，那么
that means you know down below 5 you 这意味着你知道你低于5
start inhibiting beta-amylase the alpha 开始抑制α淀粉酶
amylase 淀粉酶
still fairly active but the beta really 仍然相当活跃，但测试版真的
shuts down when you get below a pH of 5 当pH值低于5 时关闭
and and this is measure room-temperature 并且这是测量室温
by the way the so you can really 顺便把这样才能真正
impaired conversion um if your if your 转换受损， 如果你的，如果你的
mash pH isn't within a suitable range so 醪的pH值不在合适的范围内
what's the what's the ideal target level 什么是理想的目标水平
though you say well it varies um there's 虽然你说好有异庵有
I this was this is a subject that has 我这是一个 有这个 问题的主题
you know is almost like the Holy Grail 你知道几乎就像圣杯
or it's like you know what is the ideal 或者就像你知道什么是理想
mash pH and it turns out it's a range 醪液pH值， 它发现它是一个范围
you look at various brewing scientists 你看看各种酿造科学家
such as Coons 比如库恩
Wolfgang Coons and Charlie Bamforth did Wolfgang Coons和Charlie Bamforth做到了
a real nice survey of pH a few years ago 几年前一个真正好的pH调查
in various other authors as well their 在其他各种作者以及他们的
de Klerk and so on 德克勒克等
generally it all shuffles out to 一般来说，这一切都在洗牌
somewhere between 5 and 5.6 now Chuck 查克现在 在5到5.6 之间
Bamforth does it has a nice paper where Bamforth确实有一篇很好的论文
he mentions that a lot of the 他提到，很多的
experiments that were done to determine 做的实验来确定
what the optimum pH was by various 各种最佳pH值是多少
authors had been done on different 作者已经完成了不同的工作
substrates they hadn't really done it on 他们没有真正做过的基板
an actual mash because there's a lot of 一个实际的混搭，因为有很多
variables in a real mash and so that 真正的混搭中的变量等等
they would do is they would use a 他们会做的是他们会使用
different starch source one that was 不同的淀粉来源之一
more singular or use a particular water 更奇异或使用特定的水
and trying to reduce the number variable 并试图减少数字变量
so they could see the result more 所以他们可以更多地看到结果
clearly his word Bamforth and his 显然他的话是Bamforth和他的
partners work indicated that higher PHS 合作伙伴的工作表明PHS较高
were more effective for enzyme you know 对你知道的酶更有效
optimization and certainly that is true 优化，当然这是真的
but when you look at beer flavor and you 但是当你看到啤酒的味道和你
know wort pH and beer in final beer pH 知道最终啤酒pH值中的麦芽汁pH和啤酒
you want to be down more in 你想要更多地进入
somewhere in the 5.2 to 5.6 range the 在5.2到5.6范围内的某个地方
particular pH that you use for your beer 您用于啤酒的特定pH值
really depends on your beers recipe you 真的取决于你的啤酒食谱
know and you know I going back to the 知道，你知道我会回到
tomato sauce analogy depending on your 番茄酱类比取决于你的
ingredients and depending on the flavor 成分和风味
you want you may have an optimum pH of 你想要你可能有最佳的pH值
5.3 for that beer mm-hmm 5.2 5.5 it 5.3 对于那种啤酒mm-hmm 5.2 5.5它
depends on that recipe so it's a matter 取决于那个食谱所以这是一个问题
if it's a matter of knowing a that I'm 如果这是一个知道我的问题
looking for something in the range of 寻找范围内的东西
five point two to five point six and 五点二到五点六和
then brewing that beer you know 然后酿造你知道的啤酒
successively different times and you 连续不同的时代和你
know looking at the pH that you get and 知道看到你得到的pH值
adjusting it you know for taste and 调整它你知道的味道和
flavor until you find out what the ideal 味道， 直到你找到理想的东西
pH for your beer is for a particular 啤酒的pH值特别适合
recipe well even before you can adjust 配方很好，甚至可以调整之前
the pH you can understand what your 你可以了解你的pH值
water source looks like so how do you go 水源看起来如此，你怎么走
about reading say a local water report 关于阅读说当地的水报道
which often has a whole pile of numbers 通常有一堆数字
that I don't understand right that 我不明白这一点
that's it's a great one um yeah water 这是一个伟大的，是的水
reports are generated you know by the 报告是由你知道的
city or the supplier according to at 城市或供应商根据在
least here in the US and Europe - um you 至少在美国和欧洲- 嗯，你
know clean water act type rules they're 他们知道干净的水行为类型规则
looking at contaminants they're looking 看着他们正在寻找的污染物
at toxins and carcinogens and you know 在毒素和致癌物质，你知道
known contaminants in the water supply 在供水已知的污染物
that make it unsafe to drink so the 这使得喝酒不安全
water report typically focuses on we 水报告通常关注我们
have tested for these known contaminants 已经测试了这些已知的污染物
that all of their levels are below the 他们所有的水平都低于
maximum contaminant level the MCL or the 最大污染物水平MCL或
maximum contaminant level goal and so 最大污染物水平目标等
therefore we are giving you clean water 因此我们给你干净的水
um then you have secondary requirements 那么你有二级要求
for substances like sulfate where they 对于像硫酸盐这样的物质
don't have is it's not a contaminant per 没有它是不是污染物
se SE
it's a naturally occurring thing um that 这是一个自然发生的事嗯那
usually is of no consequence except they 通常除了他们之外没有任何后果
say well for best flavor you should have 说得好，你应该有最好的味道
it below 500 ppm and so they'll put that 它低于500 ppm，所以他们会把它
as a as a secondary maximum contaminant 作为次要的最大污染物
level indicating that you know you 水平表明你了解你
really don't it's a guideline you don't 真的不是你没有的准则
want to exceed that in your water supply 想超过供水量
what we're interested in is brewers are 我们感兴趣的是酿酒商
the calcium-magnesium total alkalinity 钙 -镁总碱度
those ones are the ones that drive pH 那些那些是驱动pH值 的那些
those drive your water pH and they drive 那些驱动你的水pH值，他们开车
your mash pH then you have your sodium 你的醪液pH值然后你有你的钠
chloride and sulfate those also 氯化物和硫酸盐也是
participate in the balance of the water 参与水的平衡
water pH but they don't they don't 水的pH但他们不是
affect mash pH they do however fact 然而影响醪的pH值却是事实
flavor there is a quantity that is known 味道有一个众所周知的数量
as the sulfate to chloride ratio and 作为硫酸盐对氯化物的比例和
it's it's not a magic number it's a it's 这不是一个神奇的数字，它是它的
a general it it's a generalization where 一般它是一个概括，其中
if your sulfate is higher than your 如果你的硫酸盐高于你的硫酸盐
chloride the beer tends to taste drier a 氯化物啤酒往往味道更干燥a
little a little more assertive and 多一点自信和
especially you know in higher sulfate 特别是你知道更高的硫酸盐
helps thought the hops the hop compounds 帮助认为啤酒花是啤酒花的化合物
which are sulfur-based helps those pop 以硫为基础有助于那些流行音乐
if the chloride is higher or if they're 如果该氯化物是较高或如果他们
equal or you know slightly chloride high 相等或你知道氯含量高
then you tend to get a rounder sweeter 那么你往往会变得更甜美
fuller taste from the beer not as dry 啤酒的味道更饱满，而不是干燥
not as sort of it's a little softer so 不是因为它有点软
that's how though that's how those are 那是怎么回事
the three ions affect flavor is just by 三根离子影响味道只是
the chloride to sulfate balance I know 我知道氯化物与硫酸盐的平衡
you have to be careful to don't they a 你必须要小心，不要他们
lot of systems a lot of city water 很多系统很多城市用水
systems don't they flush their systems 系统不会冲洗他们的系统
with chloride like once a year well 像氯化物一样每年一次
there's two things here there is 这里有两件事
learning more thing chlorine yes 学习更多的东西氯是的
chlorine is different from chloride 氯与氯不同
chlorine is the residual disinfect 氯是残留的消毒剂
it's it's the source of chlorophenol x' 它是氯酚x'的来源
inner beer which have that band-aid kind 内啤酒这有创可贴样
of character it's a definite off flavor 性格，这是一个明确的味道
chloride is different you and can have 氯化物是不同的你可以拥有
very high levels of chloride in your 你的氯化物含量非常高
water and you won't get a chlorophenol 水，你不会得到氯酚
flavor but you can get our salty flavors 味道，但你可以得到我们的咸味
especially if your sodium is high if the 特别是如果你的钠，如果高
sodium is low and your chloride is high 钠含量低，氯化物含量高
then which you predominately get are 然后你主要得到的是
these you know sweeter rounder flavors 这些你知道更甜的圆润口味
and out of the beer but when sodium and 和啤酒，但钠和
chloride are high now the beard begins 胡须开始时，氯化物很高
to taste a little bit salty a little bit 稍微尝一点咸味
metallic sodium tends to drive a 金属钠倾向于驱动
metallic taste in the beer especially if 啤酒中的金属味特别是如果
the sulfate is also high so the inlet of 硫酸盐也高这样的入口
this is kind of common knowledge it's 这是一种常识
you can find it in in several brewing 你可以在几个酿造中找到它
books and mine included also Gregg 书籍和我的书也包括格雷格
Noonan's you know brewing lager beer Noonan你知道酿造啤酒
you'll find a good discussion of these 你会找到一个很好的讨论
these flavors and effects and and 这些口味和效果和
Charlie papazian's you know a new Charlie papazian你知道一个新的
complete joy that it also covers these 完全高兴它也涵盖了这些
basics so that's when you're looking at 基础， 所以当你看的时候
our water report you're looking for what 我们的水报告你正在寻找什么
are commonly referred to as the 通常被称为
aesthetic standards and you're looking 美学标准，你正在寻找
for the calcium parts-per-million that's 对于钙的百万分之一
okay and magnesium parts per million or 好的和百万分之一的镁含量
milligrams per liter same unit the total 每升相同单位的毫克数
alkalinity is calcium carbonate I'll 碱度是碳酸钙我会
address that more in a minute your 在一分钟内解决你的问题
sodium in your chloride in your sulfate 硫酸盐中的氯化钠
very often because these six parameters 经常因为这六个参数
are not state or national requirements 不是州或国家要求
the way these are not regulated you may 这些不受管制的方式你可以
not see them on the weather on the water 在水面上看不到它们
report and you may have to call the 报告，你可能要打电话给
water department and ask about them 水部门问他们
sometimes you'll see you won't see 有时你会看到你不会看到
calcium and magnesium broken out into 钙和镁分解成
their individual concentrations you may 他们可能的个人浓度
just see total hardness as calcium 只看到总硬度为钙
carbonate and that you can work with 碳酸盐，你可以使用
that you can kind of take a five sixth 你可以拿五分之六
ratio not going get into that more in a 比率不会进入更多的
minute but it's not it's not as 分钟， 但不是没有
convenient as having both the individual 既方便又兼顾个人
calcium and magnesium let's see what 钙和镁让我们看看是什么
else their common issues alkalinity 否则他们的共同问题碱度
going back to total alkalinity is 回到总碱度是
calcium carbonate why do I keep saying 碳酸钙我为什么一直这么说
as calcium carbonate well calcium 作为碳酸钙好钙
carbonate is your water scale you know 碳酸盐是你知道的水位
when you look on your faucet and your 当你看到你的水龙头和你的
shower and that got that crusty white 淋浴，那有白色的硬皮
scale on there as calcium carbonate it's 在那里作为碳酸钙的规模
not very soluble in water which is good 不溶于水，这是好的
because our bones are made out of 因为我们的骨头是由骨头制成的
calcium Vava 钙瓦瓦
calcium carbonate calcium phosphate and 碳酸钙磷酸钙和磷酸钙
you know if it was too soluble you know 你知道它是否太溶解了你知道
you wouldn't have clams and you wouldn't 你不会有蛤蜊，你也不会
have bones and lots of other things 有骨头和很多其他的东西
because it's not very soluble that tends 因为它不是非常易溶 趋向
to say it tends to precipitate out and 说它往往会沉淀下来
it's kind of in what is dissolved in 它溶解在什么中
water a so that's why you have residue 浇水，这就是为什么你有残留物
on the showers and the drains and so on 在淋浴和排水管等
if you live if your I dinner with hard 如果你的生活，如果你我努力的晚餐
water right yes hard water is another 水右是硬水是另一种
topic left to pick up in a second but 话题留在一秒钟但是
calcium carbonate it's dissolved in 它溶解在碳酸钙中
water and it's not very soluble like I 水，它不像我一样可溶
said but it will dissolve if you have 说但如果你有，它会解散
sufficient carbon dioxide dissolved in 足够的二氧化碳溶解在
the water the carbon dioxide when 水是二氧化碳的时候
dissolved in the water forms carbonic 溶解在 水中的形式碳酸
acid and they're in the carbonic acid 酸和它们在碳酸中
and the calcium carbonate kind of exists 并且存在碳酸钙类
in equilibrium with each other so the 彼此因此平衡
higher concentration of carbonic acid 碳酸浓度较高
you have in the water the more calcium 你在水里有更多的钙
carbonate you can dissolve in and when 碳酸盐，你可以溶解，何时
you run the water through a faucet or 你通过水龙头或水流水
showerhead and it you know it vaporizes 淋浴头，你知道它蒸发了
and vents all that all the carbon 并且释放所有碳
dioxide you know comes out or much lower 你知道二氧化碳出来或低得多
to pressure and therefore the calcium 压力，因此钙
carbonate is now unstable it 碳酸盐现在不稳定了
precipitates out and that's why you see 沉淀出来，这就是你看到的原因
it built up on showerheads and such it's 它建立在淋浴头上，就这样
because that that aeration where the 因为那个曝气所在的地方
kelp the carbon dioxide vents to the 将二氧化碳通风口带到海藻中
atmosphere when you mentioned you 你提到你的气氛
mentioned alkalinity a minute ago can 一分钟前提到的碱度可以
you talk for a minute about alkalinity 你聊了约碱度分钟
and how it relates back to these respect 以及它与回这些方面
these three ions right so in the water 这三种离子就在水中
report you'll see total alkalinity is 报告你会看到总碱度是
calcium carbonate and what they're doing 碳酸钙和他们正在做的事情
there is they're taking a water sample 他们正在采取水样
your your City tap water or whatever may 你的城市自来水或其他任何可能
be a pH of 8 there's some proportion of pH值为8时，有一定比例的
carbonate bicarbonate and carbonic acid 碳酸氢盐和碳酸
in that water those are the three 在那水里那些是三个
species the three carbon species that 物种是三种碳物种
make up carbonates in water each of 在水中补充碳酸盐
these species is dominant at different 这些物种在不同的地方占主导地
pH levels at very high pH of nine ten 在非常高的pH值的 九十 pH值
eleven carbonate is the dominant form 十一碳酸盐是主要形式
and that is co 3 with a minus 2 valence 那是co3，负2价
around normal potable water you know 你知道普通的饮用水
pH of seven up to eight and a half your pH值为7到8个半
bicarbonate is Dhanam dominant and 碳酸氢盐是Dhanam的主导和
that's hco3 with a minus one valence 这是一个负一价的hco3
sodium bicarbonate baking soda is 碳酸氢钠小苏打是
something that everybody's familiar with 每个人都熟悉的东西
it's the same ion bicarbonate hco3 and 它是相同的离子碳酸氢盐hco3和
that is the dominant form ads you know 这是你知道的主要形式广告
in drinking water if you get down to PHS 在饮用水中，如果你到PHS
of five four then carbonic acid is the 五，然后是碳酸四
dominant form h2co3 and i avoided 主导形式h2co3和我避免
without going into too much acid theory 没有进入过多的酸理论
or the h2 co3 exists in equilibrium in 或者h2 co3在平衡中存在
the water with does with dissolved 水与溶解
carbon dioxide and actually h2 二氧化碳，实际上是h2
co3 the carbonic acid is only a very co3碳酸只是一种非常
small proportion of in that equilibrium 在这种平衡中的一小部分
every time you form carbonic carbonic 每次你形成碳酸碳
acid in water from say bicarbonate if 如果是碳酸氢盐水中的酸
you drive the interaction that way agree 你开车这样同意 互动
to a great a greater amount of that 更大的数量
becomes dissolved co2 it is so that's 变得溶解二氧化碳就是这样
why and going back to the showerhead 为什么然后回到淋浴头
example that's why it vents easily and 这就是为什么它容易出口的原因
so on because most of the carbonic acid 因为大部分是碳酸
dissociates into carbon dioxide and 分解成二氧化碳和
water that's where it's most stable so 水这就是它最 稳定，所以
total alkalinity is there is a measure 总碱度是有一个措施
of all those carbonate species and the 所有这些碳酸盐物种和
way they measure that is they titrate 他们测量的方式是他们滴定
the water sample with acid to take it 用酸水取样
from the initial water pH down to a pH 从最初的水pH到pH值
of 4.3 4.3 is when all of the or most of 4.3 4.3是所有的或大部分的
the carbon carbonates and bicarbonates 碳酸碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐
have transformed to carbonic acid 已转化为碳酸
actually it's like 99% but you know 实际上它就像99％，但你知道
who's counting so that's the definition 谁在计算，这就是定义
of total alkalinity is calcium carbonate 总碱度是碳酸钙
is it's the milliequivalents of acid 它是毫克当量的酸
necessary to move the pH from the 必要将pH值从移动
initial water page down to four point 初始水页下降到四点
three you will also find in a water 三，你也会在水中找到
report many times they'll quote 报告很多次他们会引用
bicarbonate and if your water pH of the 碳酸氢盐，如果你的水的pH值
in this water they note in the report is 他们在报告中指出的这种水中
around eight eight to eight and a half 大约八八到八点半
then bicarbonate is the dominant species 然后碳酸氢盐是优势种
and it represents like 97 percent of the 它代表了97％的
total alkalinity so you can kind of you 总碱度， 所以你可以和你一样
know convert between the two you and a 知道你和你之间的转换
lot of people are probably used to 很多人可能习惯了
looking or hearing about bicarbonate and 看或听到碳酸氢盐和
water what you really want is the total 水你真正想要的是总量
alkalinity and but if you recognize that 碱度，但如果你认识到这一点
you know at potable water pH is by 你知道在饮用水pH值是
carbon is about ninety seven percent 碳约为百分之九十七
well then you've got most of it so 那么，你已经得到了大部分这样
that's 那是
that's how to read a water report that's 这是如何阅读水报告的
those are the there's six ions that you 那些是你的六个离子
need to be aware of your your calcium 需要注意你的钙
magnesium total alkalinity or 镁总碱度或
bicarbonate sodium chloride and sulfate 碳酸氢钠氯化钠和硫酸盐
mmm now hardness calcium and magnesium mmm现在硬度钙和镁
arm are referred to as water hardness 手臂被称为水硬度
and the reason for that is hundred years 其原因是百年
ago when everybody used soaps before 以前每个人都使用肥皂之前
detergents had been invented around 洗涤剂是在周围发明的
world war ii soaps they work they work 二战肥皂他们的工作，他们的工作
by having chemical binding sites that 通过具有化学结合位点
help with them latch on to dirt well 他们帮助锁定到灰尘以及
they also latch on to calcium and 他们还盯着钙和
magnesium so anytime you're using soap 镁， 所以你随时使用肥皂
in hard water you've got to put in 在硬水中，你必须投入
enough soap to bind up the existing 足够的肥皂来绑定现有的肥皂
calcium and magnesium before the soap is 肥皂之前的钙和镁
available to work on the dirt and so 可用于处理污垢等
hard water was coined because it would 硬水是因为它会创造出来的
made it hard for soap to work and so you 让肥皂很难工作，所以你
always had you always have to use more 总是让你总是要多用
soap in hard water than you do soft 硬水中的肥皂比你软
water calcium and magnesium are the two 水的钙和镁是两个
are the two most common ions hardness or 是两种最常见的离子硬度或
metal ions in water you can also have 水中的金属离子也可以
iron and magnesium and potassium and so 铁，镁和钾等
on but calvess calcium and magnesium 但是要钙和镁
come together probably 95 percent of 大概95％的 人聚在一起
what is in a water sample unless you're 什么是水样，除非你
on the deserts more so that's why you'll 在沙漠上更多，这就是为什么你会
sometimes see total hardness is calcium 有时看到总硬度是钙
carbonate that's a combined some of the 碳酸盐合并了一些
calcium and magnesium in the water and 钙和镁的水和
that plays against your alkalinity when 播放对您的碱度时
it comes to the mash pH and we'll go 它来到醪的pH值，我们会去
into that in a second okay 在第二个没关系
well let's jump ahead and talk a minute 好吧，让我们继续前进并谈一会儿
about residual alkalinity which is 关于残余碱度
sometimes you can actually calculate 有时你可以实际计算
that's going to help you determine how 这将帮助你确定如何
to adjust your mash right right so as I 像我一样调整你的混搭右边
was saying you've got you've got 说你已经得到了
alkaline in the water you've got 你已经在水中碱性
hardness in the wall 墙上的硬度
in there around World War two early 在周围有两次世界大战早
1950s German brewing scientist by the 20世纪50年代德国酿酒科学家
name of Paul Cole Bach came up with a Paul Cole Bach的名字想出了一个
way of quantifying the effect of water 量化水的影响的方法
on the mash on what he was doing at the 关于他在做什么的混搭
time was trying to show German Brewers 时间试图向德国酿酒人展示
how to adjust mash pH in view of the 如何调整醪的pH值
Reinheitsgebot the Reinheitsgebot of Reinheitsgebot 的Reinheitsgebot
course says that you shall only use pure 当然说你只能用纯净的
water pure hops yeast malt and so on 水纯啤酒花酵母麦芽等
four ingredients in ya day and it 在一天和它的 四个成分
doesn't it doesn't allow you to use 它不允许你使用它
water additives specifically acid like 水添加剂特别是酸性的
they do in the united kingdom for 他们在英国的做
brewing Pale Ales and so on where you 酿造Pale Ales等你所在的地方
can you can use mineral acids such as 你可以使用无机酸吗？
hydrochloric hydrofluoric to lose the 盐酸氢氟酸失去了
lower the pH right to lower the mash pH 降低pH值以降低醪的pH值
to the target and that and that is to 对目标而且那就是
counter alkalinity in the water I should 我应该在水中对抗碱度
have said that upfront alkalinity is a 有人说，前期碱度是一个
alkaline or basic material substance it 碱性或碱性物质材料它
raises the pH of the water it also 它也提高了水的pH值
raises the pH of the mash so instead of 提高麦芽浆的pH值，而不是
arriving in that 5.2 to 5.6 range your 到达5.2到5.6范围你的
pH could be 5.8 or 6.0 our most most pH 最高可达5.8或6.0
ground water is slightly alkaline right 地下水是微碱性的
yes it's at you know most where 是的，它是你最了解的地方
groundwater is up in the seven seven and 地下水在七七和七
a half to almost nine region right um 右半边到近九边区域
the way that the mash pH gets down to 醪的pH值下降的方式
five from the water pH is on by the 五个从水的pH值开始
precipitation of calcium phosphates even 磷酸钙的沉淀甚至
in even if you mash and distilled water 即使你捣碎和蒸馏水
the malt contains a significant amount 麦芽含有显著量
of calcium and magnesium and these 钙和镁和这些
combined with phosphates in the malt 与麦芽中的磷酸盐结合
causing a precipitation reaction 引起沉淀反应
producing hydro 生产水电
Soul appetite and calcium magnesium 灵魂的食欲和钙镁
phosphates that in doing so they release 磷酸盐，这样做，他们释放
hydrogen ions or protons and that 氢离子或质子等
hydrogen ion adds acidity to the mash 氢离子为糊状物增加了酸度
and helps lower that pH to the the range 并帮助将pH降低到该范围
that we're looking for is multiply 我们正在寻找的是倍增
themselves lower your pH right yeah um 自己降低你的pH值是的嗯
malts hat each malt and I'll try not to malt帽子每个麦芽，我会尽量不
take this too far but base malts such as 采取这个太远但基地麦芽，如
Touro pilsner malt six row etc your and Touro pilsner麦芽六排等你的和
also your Vienna and Munich malts what 还有你的维也纳和慕尼黑麦芽什么的
we consider base malts they don't have 我们考虑他们没有的基本麦芽
very much color to them they're the 非常多的颜色给他们他们是
color of them in terms of Louisville 路易斯维尔的颜色
Bond is like one to five logo bond or 邦德就像一到五个徽标债券或
SRM or whatever and so most of their SRM或任何所以他们的大部分
acidity or the change in you know the pH 酸度或你的变化知道pH值
they generate when you mash them in 当你把它们捣碎时会产生它们
distilled water which is you know water 蒸馏水，你知道水
without any minerals in it you'll get 没有任何矿物质，你会得到
you'll generally get a pH of like five 你通常会得到5的pH值
point seven to five point eight 点七到五点八
sometimes six sometimes five point five 有时六点，有时五点五点
depends on the malt depends on the 取决于麦芽依赖于
growing conditions the malting process 麦芽制作过程中的成长条件
and so on and lactic acid bacteria which 等等和乳酸菌有哪些
on all your base malts have on them you 在你所有的基础麦芽上都有你
and so if you look at the peat the 如果你看看泥炭的话
distilled water pH to that base malt its 蒸馏水pH至该基地麦芽其
alkaline with respect to mash pH the 相对于pH值捣碎碱性
target mash pH range of five to two five 目标醪的pH范围为五至二五
six so but darker malts darker malts 六个如此但较暗的麦芽较暗的麦芽
generally drive the pH down more right 通常会将pH值调低
yes no I'll talk about that in a second 是的不，我会在一秒钟内谈到这一点
to so what you're looking at in terms of 就你所看到的而言
you know if your two got base malt only 你知道你的两个人是否只有基麦芽
you're going to throw that in your water 你要扔在你的水
in your tap water and you know heat it 在你的自来水中，你知道加热它
up and so on mash the calcium magnesium 捣碎钙镁等
and phosphates react 和磷酸盐反应
to generate protons which lowers the pH 产生降低pH值的质子
but the alkyl the alkalinity in the 但是烷基中的碱度
water and the residual alkalinity in the 水和残留的碱度
water after the calcium and magnesium 水和钙后的水
act is going to keep that mash pH higher 行为将保持醪的pH值更高
than what you want and that's that's 比你想要的那就是那个
where residual alkalinity comes and the 残留碱度来自的地方
concept of residual alkalinity colbaugh 残余碱度colbaugh的概念
determined that it takes three and a 确定需要三个和一个
half equivalents of calcium and seven 半当量的钙和七
equivalents or correspondingly seven 等价物或相应的七个
equivalents of magnesium to combine with 镁的当量与之结合
malt phosphates to generate or to 麦芽磷酸盐生成或
neutralize one equivalent of alkalinity 中和一当量的碱度
in the water and while it's it's cut you 在水中，虽然它是削减你
can it's hard to tie on this count this 难道这很难与此相提并论
make this neutralization to pH it is to 使这种中和至pH值
say if you're you know if you don't wane 如果你不知道你是否知道如果你不知道
your pH is 5.8 and then you calculate 你的pH值是5.8，然后你计算
exactly how much calcium and magnesium 到底有多少钙和镁
you add to drive the pH lower that 你添加以降低pH值
depends on factors also such as 还取决于诸如的因素
concentration degree of crush and other 浓缩度等
things oh good stuff yeah so that 事情哦，好东西呀，这样
there's a lot of variables there but I 那里有很多变数，但我
mean in general this is the relationship 在一般的意思是这样的关系
that alkalinity will drive mash pH up 碱度会使糊状物升高pH值
and the addition of calcium and 和钙和钙的添加
magnesium will neutralize that out that 镁会中和那个
alkalinity and help the mash page come 碱度和帮助mash页面来
down that's residual alkalinity so when 降低那个剩余的碱度，所以当
it comes to adjusting your water for a 它来调整你的水
mash for a recipe what you're trying to 你正在尝试 的食谱混合
do is adjust your mash pH because like 做是调整你的糊状物pH值，因为喜欢
we say on mash pH is what drives the 我们说在醪上pH是驱动它的原因
subsequent PHS and he'll really helps 后来的小灵通， 他真的会有所帮助
the flavor of the beer um so many people 啤酒的味道嗯这么多人
get caught up in trying to emulate the 获得试图仿效赶上
water of a particular city so they can 特定城市的水， 所以他们可以
brew that style of beer and and they 酿造那种啤酒和它们
look at solely do I have you know this 看完全做到我中有你知道这
exact amount of calcium do I have this 我有这个确切的钙量吗？
exact amount of sulphate or 确切数量的硫酸盐或硫酸盐
you know each mineral each ion in the 你知道每个矿物中的每种矿物质
water report armed that's that's a step 水报告武装，这是一个步骤
in the right direction but the real 在正确的方向，但真实的
measure is what is your mash pH that's 测量是你的醪的pH值是多少
the key is mash pH once you get that 一旦你得到它，关键是醪的pH值
mash pH in the target range now you 现在捣碎目标范围内的 pH值
you're driving the subsequent PHS on the 你是在驾驶随后的小灵通
words and on the band the beer on the 单词和乐队上的啤酒
I've seen a lot of Brewers over the 我见过很多酿酒人
years try to say oh I need to add 400 几年试着说哦我需要加400
parts per million of sulfate to brew 百万分之一的硫酸盐酿造
this British Pale Ale no what you need 这个英国的淡啤酒没有你需要的东西
is you know a proportion of sulfate to 你知道一定比例的硫酸盐吗？
get the kind of like the right taste 得到那种正确的味道
click character but you don't need 点击字符， 但你不需要
exactly 400 what you need is more 正好400你需要的更多
sulfate than chloride that's where the 硫酸盐比氯化物所在的地方
sulfate to chloride ratio comes in kind 硫酸盐与氯化物的比例是实物
of to help you look at that look at it 帮助你看看它
as a balance rather than an absolute 作为平衡而不是绝对
number and then look at your your mash 编号，然后看看你的土豆泥
pH because that is like I said with the 因为 pH值就像我说的那样
tomato sauce and that's going to allow 番茄酱，这是允许的
those flavors that are there to be best 那些最好的口味
expressed what can you walk us through 表达了你能带我们走过的路
calculating residual alkalinity or sure 计算剩余碱度或确定
and then how that helps drive which 然后这有助于推动哪些
additions you need for the mash okay so 你需要添加的饲料好吧
residual alkalinity the equation is 方程式为残余碱度
residual alkalinity equals the total 残余碱度等于总量
alkalinity is calcium carbonate - the 碱度是碳酸钙-
cow calcium hardness is calcium calcium 牛钙的硬度是钙钙
hardness is calcium carbonate divided by 硬度碳酸钙除以
three and a half plus the magnesium 三加半加镁
hardness is calcium carbonate divided by 硬度是碳酸钙除以
seven 七
that's a quantity the calcium and 这是钙和钙的量
magnesium added together subtracted from 镁加在一起减去
the total alkalinity um that you have to 你需要的总碱度
have all of these terms in the same unit 将所有这些术语放在同一单元中
so either as calcium carbonate or as 所以无论是碳酸钙还是碳酸钙
milliequivalents 毫
Mille equivalent is the it's a Mille相当于它是一个
quantization of how much charge a ion 量化离子的电荷量
has so to explain briefly calcium had 有这么简单解释钙了
the the calcium ion has a plus two 的钙离子有一个加二
charge right the sodium ion has a plus 1 充电正确钠离子加1
charge if you look at the parts per 如果你看每个部件充电
million of calcium or sodium and water 百万钙或钠和水
you need to take that parts per million 你需要百万分之一
and divide it by the equivalent weight 并且由当量重量除以它
to arrive at the number of equivalence 达到等价的数量
that are actually there that are 这实际上是有那些
actually going to take take part in a 实际上要参加一个
reaction you know it's kind of looking 反应你知道它有点像
at reaction proportions is what you're 在反应比例是你的
doing and the equivalent weight of an 做和等同的重量
element is the molar weight you know the 元素是你知道的摩尔量
gram mole weight so like calcium is 克摩尔重量就像钙一样
forty you divide that by the number of 40你除以 数量
equivalents per mole which is the 每摩尔当量的等价物
valence - you know for calcium so the 价- 你知道钙，所以
equivalent weight of calcium is twenty 钙的当量是20
as opposed to forty equivalent weight of 相对于的 40当量重量
sodium is the same as its gram weight 钠与克重相同
it's I think 23 okay so let's say you go 这是我认为23好吧所以让我们说你去吧
through this process you get it in the 通过这个过程你得到它
right units you calculate your residual 正确的单位，你计算你的残差
alkalinity you get a number out right 碱性你得到一个正确的数字
right and you know what do you do with 对，你知道你做了什么
it okay so if you look in the back of 它好了，所以如果你在后面看
how to play I know you get it in the 怎么玩我知道你得到它
book yeah if you look in the back of how 预订如果你看看后面如何
to brew there's a nomograph there that 那里有一个诺模图
allows you to calculate residual 允许您计算残差
alkalinity on a nomograph by drawing 通过绘图在诺模图上的碱度
lines into coming out you'll generally 一般来说你会走出来
get a number from most tap waters 从大多数自来水中获取数字
somewhere between 0 120 residual entity 介于0 120之间的剩余实体
which is going to which means that 这意味着什么
generally your your mashed pages can be 通常你的捣碎页面可以
higher than what it would be without the 高于没有它的情况
alcohol in it so higher higher number 醇在它如此更高更高数量
means means more right yeah means you 意味着更多权利， 是的意思是你
need more acid to bring that back down 需要更多的酸把该背下来
to the target range okay um the and then 到目标范围好吧，然后
how to brew what I want to qualify here 如何在这里酿造我想要的资格
is in how to brew 是在如何酿造
I have a color scale above the ridge 我在山脊上方有一个色标
residual alkalinity result that says 剩余的碱度结果说
okay if your residual alkalinity is high 好吧，如果你的残留碱度很高
you want to brew a darker beer to 你想要酿造更深的啤酒
compensate because as you said darker 补偿，因为你说的更黑暗
malts are more acidic they will bring 麦芽酸盐会带来更多的酸性
the mash pH down on my relationship or 混合物的pH值降低了我的关系或
the the relationship between Kabir Kabir 卡比尔卡比尔之间的关系
color and residual calamity that's in 中的颜色和残余灾难
how to brew is was my best guess at the 如何BREW是是我最好的猜测在
time you know looking at lots of 时间你知道看很多
different beer styles and recipes and so 不同的啤酒风格和食谱等
on that was my best you know estimate of 在那是你最了解的估计
what the rough relationship between the 什么是粗略的关系
two was um one thing that I had assumed 两个是我假设的一件事
at the time when I wrote how to brew was 在我写作如何酿造的时候
that your roast malts your chocolate 你的烤肉麦芽你的巧克力
your black barley your black patent 你的黑色大麦你的黑色专利
those are the highest acidity um and 那些是最高的酸度和
that your caramel malts are you know 你知道你的焦糖麦芽威士忌
still acidic but less so than the roast 仍然酸，但不如烤
malt mm-hmm 麦芽mm-hmm
that turns out not to be true actually 最终证明是不正确的实际
and this in part of this was discovered 这部分发现了
by a kite Royster and others a few years 由风筝Royster和其他人几年
ago your caramel 120 your caramel 180 以前你的焦糖120你的焦糖180
our special B type malts those are the 我们特别的B型麦芽是那些
most acidic um 酸性最强UM
the I mean in a turn and part of the 在我的意思的转弯和部分
information that we present in the new 我们目前在新信息
water book is is a lot of data from 水书是很多数据来自
different sources they kind of try to 不同来源的他们那种尝试
describe how that changed in alkaline 描述碱性变化的方式
that change in acidity occurs has to do 酸度的变化发生了
with a change in the melt type of 随着熔体类型的变化
melanoidins that are formed during the 被在形成黑精
kilning and roasting process I won't go 窑和烘烤过程我不会去
into that now but if you look at beer 现在， 但如果你看看啤酒
recipes generally you're using you know 食谱一般你用你知道
10 15 % of caramel malts and 5 - 10 % of 10 15％的焦糖麦芽和5-10 ％的焦糖麦芽
roast malts 烤麦芽
and generally you're looking at a brown 通常你看着棕色
kind of beer color I mean you know some 啤酒的颜色我的意思是你知道一些
some are very very dark like a Russian 有些人很喜欢俄罗斯很暗
Imperial Stout sure some are very red Imperial Stout肯定有些非常红
like an imperial red ale or Irish red 像皇家红啤酒或爱尔兰红
ale or double Bock or something I mean ale 或double Bock或我的意思
so that the the amount of acidity is 这样酸度就是多少
going to depend on what your proportion 将取决于你的比例
of these malts you have but generally 这些麦芽你一般都有
they're going to be acidic hmm and 他们将酸性和HMM
that's going to help bring that mash 这将有助于带来这种混搭
page down despite an alkaline water one 尽管有碱性水，但还是要翻页
of the examples that we always point to 那我们始终指向实例
is Guinness Stout city of Dublin has 是都柏林的吉尼斯斯托特市
water that has a high ra as a ra of 具有高ra作为ra的水
about 150 and so you you know they brew 约150 ，所以你知道他们酿造
they developed this beer style you know 他们开发了你知道的啤酒风格
very dark stout lots of really small tin 很黑的粗壮很多很小的锡
it to have enough acidity to counter 它有足够的酸度来对抗
that alkalinity and that's how that beer 碱度，这就是啤酒的方式
style kind of came to be on that in 风格在那里出现了
general that is the relationship um the 一般认为是关系UM的
enough pale beers such as Munich Helles 像慕尼黑海尔斯这样的淡啤酒
Oh munich actually has quite a bit of 哦，慕尼黑实际上有相当多的
alkalinity in their water what what they 他们的水中的碱度是什么
do is they would pre boil the water and 他们会煮沸水和
allow the calcium carbonate to settle 让碳酸钙沉淀
out and then decant that you know that 出来，然后倾析你知道
would water off of that calcium 会从那些水中除去
carbonate now they had a water that was 碳酸盐现在他们有一个水
much softer and allowed them to brew 更柔软，让他们酿造
very pale beers so the the RA of a of a 非常苍白的啤酒， 所以一个的RA
D alkalized water such as that it would D碱化水，如它
be down in the zero 落在零
you know maybe minus thirty-two plus 你知道可能是零下二十二加
thirty kind of range you could go lower 三十种范围你可以降低
you can go down to minus sixty if you 如果你，你可以降到零下六十
add more calcium to the water I assume 我假设在水中加入更多的钙
if you have a high alkalinity starting 如果你有高碱度开始
water you can probably go and add 水，你可以去添加
various treatments as well instead of 各种治疗， 而不是
just being forced to do dark beers right 只是被迫做黑啤酒吧
that's right 那就对了
you can you can do boiling treatments um 你可以，你可以做沸腾治疗庵
you can use special types of water 你可以使用特殊类型的水
softeners to take the 柔软剂采取
entity out you can use reverse osmosis 实体你可以使用反渗透
systems to take out the alkalinity or 系统取出碱度或
you can use you can do it simply by a 你可以使用你可以简单地通过一个
calcium or you know or magnesium salt 钙或您知道或镁盐
additions acid additions a lot of you 添加酸很多你
know a lot of professional Bru's they 他们知道很多专业的Bru
just go straight to phosphoric acid and 只是直接进入磷酸和
acidify the brewing water to neutralize 酸化酿造水以中和
that alkalinity right up front and so 那个碱度就在前面等等
you know that that's certainly one way 你知道这肯定是一种方式
of addressing it but to do that you've 解决它，但你做到了
got to have a good pH meter with you at 得到了一个良好的pH计与你
the mash a lot of a lot of what we're 混合物很多我们的东西
talking about in the book is you know 在书中谈论 你知道吗
calculations and and measurements to 计算和测量
verify you know what the result of your 验证你知道你的结果
estimate was and you make an addition of 估计是和你做加法的
calcium or magnesium to the mash to help 钙或镁给捣烂有帮助
lower that pH you know from the residual 从剩余物中降低你所知道的pH值
alkalinity point of view you still need 碱性的观点你还需要
to be able to measure results so how do 能够衡量结果如何做到
I mean what are some good ways for a 我的意思是什么是一些好方法
home brewer to measure managed pH um the 家酿酒测量管理的pH微米的
best way is a pH meter the the test 最好的方法是测试 pH计
strips the pH test strips is you can get 剥离pH测试条是你可以得到的
colorfast and so on they're good but colorfast等等它们很好但是
there's a couple of caveats when it 当它有几个警告
comes to colorfast test strips and other 来到不褪色的试纸和其他
pH test strips often the degree of pH试纸的程度通常为
difference you know that you to pick out 区别你知道你要挑选出来
whether your mash pH is at 5 3 or 5 5 or 你的醪液pH值是53还是5 5或
5 7 is often a very subtle shade of 5 7通常是非常微妙的阴影
color on the test strip you know we're 测试条上的颜色你知道我们是
good at picking out differences in color 擅长挑选颜色差异
but we're not that good 但我们没那么好
also there have been a lot of anecdotal 也有很多轶事
evidence on the forums that I've read 我读过的论坛上的证据
where people notice that there's a point 人们注意到有一点
3 ph offset when you use a color strip 使用彩条时， 3 ph偏移
one of those pH test strips in word as 其中一个pH测试条就像
opposed to 反对
another solution that they tend to read 他们倾向于阅读的另一种解决方案
I think it's three point three units 我认为这是三分三分
high so that is kind of disturbing 高，所以这是一种令人不安的
because you know kind of can throw you 因为你知道有点可以扔你
off but um so really that's where the pH 关闭但是真的那就是pH值
meter would be back HP not cheap no but 米会回来HP不便宜没有但是
yeah but you can get a good one for 80 是的， 但是你可以获得80分的好成绩
bucks 雄鹿
you know um they they would last maybe a 你知道他们会持续下去吗？
year or so you know they use no asset 一年左右，你知道他们没有使用资产
for able to do they write so you know 因为他们能够写，所以你知道
the more money you spend the longer 你花的钱越多越好
it'll tend to last and the better work 它往往会持久而且更好的工作
but you can get by and if you know if 但你可以过去，如果你知道是否
you're really concerned about improving 你真的很关心改进
the flavor of your beer a pH meter is 你的啤酒的味道是pH计
your best tool because it allows you to 你最好的工具，因为它允许你
measure real results on what you're 衡量你的真实结果
doing and plan results for the next brew 为下一次酿造 做好并计划结果
to you know to change the pH you know 你知道改变你知道的pH值
make the improvements that you want to 让你想要 的 改进
make well i we're actually running low 我很好，我们实际上是低了
on time already but i was i was wonder 准时，但我很奇怪
if he could spend just a few minutes 如果他可以花几分钟
talking about how water affects the rest 谈论水如何影响其余部分
of the brewing process once you're out 一旦你出去 ，酿造过程
of the mash sure um well I've talked 我确实谈过了这个问题
about work pH a little bit and so you 关于工作pH值，所以你
know you're coming out of the mash 知道你是从混合物中走出来的
you're going to the boil if you're if 如果你愿意的话，你会 沸腾的
your word pH in the boil is high and I'm 你的话煮沸的pH很高，我
saying five six five eight you are going 说五六五八你要去
to extract more hop alpha acid from your 从你的提取更多的啤酒花α酸
hops the these alpha acids I summarized 我总结了这些α酸
better at higher pH than I do lower pH 在高pH值比我还要低pH值
mm-hmm now you're thinking oh great yeah mm-hmm现在你在想哦，太棒了
I may get more utilization officer 我可能会得到更多的利用人员
unfortunately it is a little because 不幸的是，它有点因为
again we're talking about pH in the way 再次我们在路上 谈论的pH
flavors are expressed to the palate as a 口味表达为口感
function of pH the bitterness that you pH的功能你的苦涩
get from brewing at or boiling at higher 来自酿造或沸腾更高
pH is different um my co-author Colin pH值不同于我的合着者科林
Kaminski you know he's experienced this 卡明斯基， 你知道他经历过这个
another probers of experiences where 另一个经验的探索者
they really say you get a different 他们真的说你有所不同
bitterness from the hop front you know 你知道，跳跃的苦涩
rate you know if it's a riff it's a 你知道如果它是一个即兴演奏，它是一个
recipe that you've brewed many times if 食谱，你如果煮的多次
that if that ph goes high during the 如果那个ph在那期间变高了
boil you end up with a bitterness that 熬你结束了一个苦涩
is different from the bitterness before 不同于之前的苦涩
it would 它会
it's a bitterness that would seem to 这似乎是一种苦涩
come from a a rougher variety of hop 来自各种各样的啤酒花
than one that you're you're using so 不止一个， 你你使用这样
it's a little coarser bitterness it's a 这是一个有点粗糙的苦涩
little harsher bitterness than you are 比你更苦涩的苦涩
used to so that's that's a problem with 习惯了这就是问题所在
you know high boil pH and then as we 你知道高沸腾的pH值，然后就像我们一样
didn't get into fermentation as you get 没有进入发酵为你
into fermentation fermentation is a 进入发酵发酵是一种
great leveler of pH arm and I've had you pH值臂很好，我有你
know I've talked with several Brewers 知道我和几个酿酒人 谈过了
about this the you can go into 关于这个，你可以进入
fermentation with a variation of say 发酵与变化说
like half of half a pH you know anywhere 就像你知道的任何一半的pH值的一半
from five to five and a half for 五到五年半
instance and you'll get this you'll get 实例，你会得到这个你得到的
a much more similar pH coming out of the 更多类似的pH值出现了
process maybe like after fermentation 过程可能就像发酵后一样
peaches are typically below five they're 桃子通常低于五个
usually in the four point five ballpark 通常在四点五球场
so for the eat the action of the yeast 所以对于吃酵母的作用
is a great leveler in terms of the pH 就pH而言，它是一种很好的平整剂
but there's still be some carryover what 但是还有一些遗留物
was what was maybe a half pH unit hi say 可能是半个pH值的单位
you know going into the fermentation is 你知道进入发酵是
still going to come out maybe 0.1 or 0.2 仍然会出现0.1或0.2
pH high in the beer um and we did an 啤酒的pH值很高，我们做了一个
interesting experiment number of years 有趣的实验年数
ago and at the NHC in Denver where we 以前，在 NHC在丹佛，我们
brewed a couple of beers with different 酿造了几种不同的啤酒
waters and tasted those and so on 水和品尝的等等
you know everybody said oh yeah the 你知道每个人都说哦，是的
beers are great you all four of them but 啤酒对你们四个都很棒，但是
there is one of the two one was brewed 其中一个是酿造的
with high P high alkalinity water one 用高P高碱度水
Brule oh ow 布鲁尔哦
the water and one was dark beer and was 水和一个是黑啤酒，是
a pale beer the one one of those beers 淡啤酒是啤酒中的一种
of the style you know Pale Ale would be 你知道Pale Ale的风格
a very decent Pale Ale be sort of bitter 一个非常体面的淡啤酒有点苦
you know but one would be nice and 你知道但是一个人会很好
bright and balanced you could separate 明亮而平衡的你可以分开
the malt from the hops and you know 来自啤酒花的麦芽，你知道
really a very well-crafted beer you 真的是一个非常精心制作的啤酒你
could taste a lot in it whereas the 它可以尝到很多味道
other one was a little more 另一个是多一点
one-dimensional same with the stout that 一维同与该粗壮
we brewed the beer brewed with the low 我们酿造的啤酒用低价酿造
pH or the low alkalinity water in the pH值或低碱度水
case of the stout everybody said oh yes 粗壮的情况每个人都说哦，是的
a great stout and I said this is exactly 一个伟大的粗壮，我说这是确切的
like the stout you've tasted a number of 就像粗壮的你已经尝过了许多
brew pubs around the country isn't it 不是全国各地的酿酒吧
very very you know strong roast 非常非常你知道强烈的烤肉
character um it's not astringent is just 性格嗯它不是涩的只是
it's but it's a good strong roast 它是一个很好的强烤
character it's like a coffee or 这个角色就像咖啡或咖啡
something 某物
mm-hmm now try this other one the one mm-hmm现在尝试另一个
was brewed with the higher alkalinity 是用较高的碱度酿造的
water I said now you can taste two or 水我说现在你可以品尝两个或
three different malts in this stout that 这种粗壮的三种不同的麦芽威士忌
we used in the brewing of it and they 我们用它来酿造它们和它们
said oh yeah I can taste a little bit 说哦，是的，我可以品尝一下
smoke I get some chocolate I get some 我得到一些巧克力我得到一些
coffee you know the and again it's it's 你知道的咖啡，又是它的咖啡
due to the beer pH that results from 由于啤酒的pH值而产生的
this whole process hmm those matching 这整个过程HMM的匹配
those up I guess yeah um it's part of 那些我猜是的， 这是它的一部分
the Brewers art well John we haven't 酿酒师的艺术很好约翰，我们没有
covered all the topics we wanted to but 涵盖了我们想要的所有主题
that just gives me an excuse to invite 这只是给了我一个邀请的借口
you back again okay I want to spend a 你再回来好吧我想花一个
minute just at the end talking about 分钟刚谈到最后
when it when is a new book coming out I 什么时候出来的新书呢？
know you just finished it but yeah when 知道你刚刚完成它但是什么时候
is it going to get published it's going 是否会发布它正在发布
to be published in November according to 根据将于11月发布
Amazon and the distributors and so on 亚马逊和经销商等
and it's Brewers publications again 它又是Brewers的出版物
right right the the title is water a 右边标题是水a
comprehensive guide for Brewers it'll be 它将成为酿酒商的综合指南
out November 2013 we just finished it 2013年11月我们刚刚完成它
this past week I mean just dotting the 过去一周，我的意思是只是点点滴滴
eyes crossing the t's and 眼睛越过t和
congratulations stuff like that so 祝贺那样的东西
thanks I know how hard that is a lot of 谢谢，我知道这是多么困难 很多
work but congratulations to you and 工作，但祝贺你和
as anything else you'd like to add John 除了你想添加约翰的任何其他内容
real quick no um I guess when people ask 真的很快没有嗯我猜人们会问
me you know how important is water you 我知道你喝水有多重要
know and it's like you know when we're 知道，就像你知道我们什么时候一样
talking to home brewers we're talking to 和我们正在谈论的家酿酒商交谈
new home brewers and so on were saying 新家酿酒商等都在说
yeah don't worry about it too much 是啊不要担心太多
um beer will happen but what I say to 嗯啤酒会发生，但我说的话
intermediate brewers about water is that 关于水的中间酿酒商就是这样
in terms of your beer flavor that 就你的啤酒风味而言
understanding water is the difference 了解水是不同的
between 30s and 40s in competition 比赛在30到40之间
that's a big difference yeah and you can 这是一个很大的区别，是的，你可以
you know you can brew a great beer you 你知道你可以酿造出很棒的啤酒
know score a 38 2 or 36 or something 知道得分38 2或36或什么的
good beer you drink it you know no 你喝的好啤酒你不知道
worries but then they somebody hands you 担心， 但后来他们有人交你
a 42 or 44 scoring beer anyone wow this 一个42或44得分的啤酒，有人哇这个
is really good and the water and the 真的很不错，水和
beer pH can be that difference Wow well 啤酒的pH值可以差别哇哇
John thank you again for being on the 约翰再次感谢你参加
show I really appreciate you being here 表示我非常感谢你来到这里
well thank you my pleasure he's always 谢谢你， 我很高兴他永远都是
great to talk to the one and only John 巨大交谈的唯一约翰
Palmer author of how to brew the the 帕尔默如何酿造的作者
top-selling beer brewing book on the 最畅销的啤酒酿造书
planet right and you can visit his 行星右，你可以访问他的
website at how to brew calm Thanks well 网站如何酿造平静谢谢
big thank you to John Palmer for 非常感谢John Palmer
appearing on the show really appreciate 出现在节目中真的很感激
him being here for another episode 他在这里接受另一集
number 60 if you have feedback for the 数字60，如果您有反馈
show you can leave it at beer Smith's 显示你可以把它留在啤酒史密斯的
comm slash form our discussion forum or commslash形成我们的讨论论坛或
on the blog of beer Smith comm / Bligh 在啤酒Smith comm / Bligh的博客上
where you can also find all of the 在那里你也可以找到所有的
episodes going all the way back to 剧集一直回到
episode number one I'd like to thank you 集数一个我想感谢你
for listening I hope you have a great 听取我希望你有一个伟大的
brewing week 酿造周