你好 欢迎光临 我叫马丁·比利 我想 Hello and welcome. My name is Martin Billy, and I would like to.
街道网络分析的减少教程 grasshopper的诙谐编码空间 Reduce tutorial for street network analysis, witty coding spaces for grasshopper.
我们在屏幕上看到的是 一个犀牛和一个被动的档案 它们是相连的 What we see here on the screen is, uh, a rhino and passive profile, which are linked.
下面的描述 Description below.
所以在我们开始之前 请打开这些 不要害怕如果 So before we start up, please open these and don't be scared if.
文件不能马上打开 他们需要一些时间来处理数据 The files don't open immediately, uh, they will need some time for processing the data.
这取决于你的电脑 可能需要一分钟左右 所以 Depending on your computer, it might take around one minute, so.
呃 我们在这个教程中给你的实际上是为 呃 Uh, what we are giving you in this tutorial is actually complete setup for, um.
中心性 街道网络分析 解码空间 组件 Centrality, street network analysis, with decoding spaces. Components.
我想要介绍一下你们在画布上看到的组件 这样你们就能理解它是如何工作的 And um, I would like to go through the components you see on the canvas, uh, so you understand how it works and.
为了得到不同的分析方法 改变了一些输入 And changed some inputs in order to get, uh, different analysis measures.
结果 Results.
所以这个主框是实际的解码空间 用于分析的组件集群 So this main box is the actual decoding spaces, components cluster for the analysis.
作为输入 And as an input, um,
我们要代入集合 We are going to plug in set of.
街道 线段 线段 这很重要 分量在线段上 没有极坐标 曲线 Streets, segments, line segments, this is important. UH, the components accepts on the line segments, no polar lines, curves.
但是在Rhino文件中 我们提供了教程链接 我们已经提供了正确的 But in the Rhino file, which we Uh, link to the tutorial, uh, we provide already with the correct, um,
只包括线段的地图 所以你不必担心转换任何数据 Map with, uh, only lines segments included. So you don't have to worry about converting any data.
所以如果你去犀牛那里可以预览街道网络 So if you go to the rhino and can enable the preview of the street network.
图层 你可以放大并点击一些线 你会看到这些没有极坐标线或曲线 这些是单线 Layer, you can just zoom in and click on some of the lines, and you see that these are no polar lines or curves. These are single lines.
在街道的十字路口 Intersecting on the crossings of the streets.
有些街道只有几条线 有些街道是单行的 但是 Some streets are consisting of few lines. Some streets are just single lines, but.
重要的是 Important thing is that.
终点在同一点上 他们相交 End points are touching at the same point. They're intersecting and.
它们只是单行 从头到尾都能找到 好吧 所以如果我 That they are just single lines to find by end and start? Okay? So if I just.
再一次 关闭了预览 我看到分析结果了 Again, uh, disabled the preview. I see the analysis results.
对于分析来说 你可以用实验和改变的是 So to the analysis, um, what you can actually experiment with and change is the.
距离的定义 现在我们要做一个纯角度分析 但你也可以试着跑 Definition of distance, so now we are running a purely angle analysis, but you can also try to run.
度量分析设置 The metric analysis setting The.
长度系数为1 角度系数为0 或者脚趾的组合 我们可以在 Length coefficient to one and the anglar coefficient to zero, or some combination of toes. We might discuss this in the.
这是一个更高级的教程 但是现在 你只需要知道这里你可以尝试 距离的定义 这一次 我们该如何继续 More advanced tutorial for, but for now, you just know that here you can play around with, um, definition of distance. How do we proceed, this time.
是吗 呃 Is it? Uh?
公制距离是一种认知距离 即鹰钩距离 Metric distances is a cognitive distance, agular distance.
所以 接下来要知道的是 有个 呃 So, uh, the next thing to know is that, um, there are this, um.
我们的两个组件下面的灰色框显示 目前 呃 计算是在一个 Grey boxes below two of our components are stating, currently, uh, that the calculation is run on a.
CPU 中央处理单元 UM 也可以选择在GP上运行 CPU, central processing unit, UM, there is an option also to run it on a GP.
但是 这取决于你的电脑 还有 如果你安装了正确的库来运行这个 But uh, depends on your computer on, and also, if you install the right libraries for running this.
就像你在这台电脑上看到的 没有专门的便宜的你的设备 Uh, as you see on this computer, there is no dedicated cheap you unit, and.
计算不可能 有这种选择的好处是 Calculation is not possible. The advantage of having this option is that.
计算g p u 可能会快得多 不是一分钟 而是一分钟 Calculation of on G. p. u. might be much, much faster. Um, instead of one minute it might run and.
这次是三秒 但为了避免任何错误 请保持c p s 设置 Three for seconds in this case, um, but in order to avoid any errors, please stick to the C. p. s. setting.
嗯 So um.
你可以建立的另一个东西是分析半径 Another thing you can set up is the analysis radius.
目前我们做的是全球分析 由零号电台定义 如果我们想要更多的本地电台 Currently we run the global analysis, which is defined by the radio Zero. If we would like to have some some more local, uh, radio.
大概600米 然后我们从这里进去 六百年 Like, uh, six hundred meters, then we just enter here. Six hundred.
无线电的单位就是你的犀牛档案的单位 所以在我们的情况下 我们给你送货 The units of the radios is the unit of your rhino file. So in our case, we deliver to you.
米特 但如果是别的单位 你就 Meters, but if it's a different unit, then you have.
这一点 This.
也可以建立分析半径 好吧 现在我们快结束了 Also in setting up the analysis radius. Okay? And now we are almost at the end.
解码空间是什么 工具箱提供给你的 这就是 Of what the decoding space is, uh, toolbox providing you with. And that's the.
最后一个组件 您可以在其中设置感兴趣的分析类型 所以通过点击这个框 你可以禁用或启用计算 Last component where you can set up the type of analysis you're interested in. So by clicking on this boxes, you can disable or enable calculation of.
在我们的案例中 我们感兴趣的是 在中心和亲密度 中心之间 Specific metrics in our case, we are interested in, uh, between a centrality and closeness, center.
但也有一些中心性和度中心性的等待版本 还有一些额外的版本 But there are also some waiting versions of the centralities and degree centrality, and also some additional.
输出 使分析数据和可视化结果成为可能 但这可能会被覆盖 Outputs, uh, making it possible to analyze the data and visualize the results. But this might be covered.
臭名昭著 所以我们可以再检查一下要插的是什么 这是rhino文件 Notorious, so, uh, we can again check what are we plugging in. So we have here rhino file with something around.
1300个线段 很高兴知道 当然 线段越多 分析的时间就越长 1300 segments, uh, it's, it's good to know that the more, of course, the more segments you have, the longer the analysis will.
因为在分析中 每个线段到所有其他线段的最短路径都被计算出来了 所以我们有1300个线段 Take, because in the analysis, the shortest path from every segment to all the other segments are calculated, so we have 1300 segments.
得到1300 And we get 1300.
27个结果 所以对于每个分段 我们得到一个结果 27 results, so for every segment we get one result.
还有1003000 呃 1327 There is also 1003000, UH, 1327.
片段 这里是1327 Segments, uh, here we get, UH, 1327, uh,
在这些中心性值之间 我们得到了1307 Between this centrality values, and here we get, uh, again, 1307.
两个中心性值 我把这个标记为半径 600 但这不是关于它的 Both the centrality values, I labeled this as a radius, six hundred, but this is not about it anymore.
把这个改一下就可以了 这只是 Just change this so you can. This is just uh.
容器存储一些数据 在我们的案例中 它是 它是一个数字数据 所以我们使用 Container storing some data. Uh, in our case, it's, it's a numeric data, so we use Um.
你能做的是 给容器命名 这样你就能知道里面是什么了 And what you can do is to uh, name the container, so you actually understand what is inside.
是的 如果我骑到这里 Yeah, if I ride here.
一个测试数据 我就知道他们可以断掉 里面会有一些数字 A test data, then I know they can discont. There will be some numbers in it.
我的测试数据 如果我只是从一个基本面板中放入面板组件 我可以 My test data. If I just drop in the panel component from a basic panel, I can.
看看分析结果里面是什么 这基本上是 See what is inside the analysis results. And this is basically.
数字 对于每一行 我都有一个数字 如果我想把分析形象化 我会分配 Numbers, so for every line, I have a number, and if I would like to visualize the analysis, I will assign.
我的台词 To my lines.
我将根据我定义的客户端为每个数字分配一种颜色 您已经熟悉了这个概念 I will assign a color to each number based on a cradient, which I define. You are already familiar with this concept.
然后我将突出显示 And then I will highlight the.
高数字用红色表示 High numbers as a red color.
这是我的颜色的正确范围 梯度和低数字与绿色 嗯 This is the right range of my color, gradient and low numbers with a green color. So um.
对于这个可视化设置 我必须做一个小注释 我们要创建 To this visualization setup, I will have to do a small comments. We are going to create.
用颜色标出数字 Colors out of the numbers.
在此之前 你可能会看到这里有一个新元素 这是自然的锁 书面的功能 And before doing that, uh, you might see here a one new element. This is the natural locker, written function.
它实际上是转换成数据的 因为我可以给你们展示它是怎样的如果我们直接使用 呃 原始值 Which is actually transforming to data, because I can just show you how it looks if we just directly use, uh, the original values.
就像你做的那样 As you were doing it.
之前的教程 我看到的基本上是 Previous tutorials, um, what I see is basically just.
几条红线 几条黄线 还有一大堆绿线 Few red lines and some yellow lines, and then a whole lot of a green line.
中间没有 所以中间的中心性还是有很多变化的 这些 And nothing in between, so there is actually still a lot of variation in the centrality in between. These.
绿线 但我没有看到这种变化 为了看得更清楚 我想做的是转换数据以便理解它的标志 Green lines, but I don't see this variation. And what I would like to do in order to see better is to transform the data in order to understand what the logo it makes.
转换是对数据进行的 你可能会用到谷歌 自然的logard和函数 Transformation is doing with the data. You might Google, the natural logard and function.
得到这个整洁的图 你可能会看到不同的值 为什么 但是 Get this neat graph and you might see what different values a bits do with, uh, why? But.
基本上 如果你熟悉 呃 没有记忆转换 呃 还有 Basically if you are familiar with, um, no memory transformations, uh, and, um.
你可能很清楚发生了什么 如果你是INJ 呃 呃 熟悉 You might well understand what is happening, and if you are INJ, uh, familiar with, um.
Grams和条形图 我现在要给你们看的这个可视化图可能也能帮助你们理解发生了什么 Grams and bar plots, um, this visualization, which I will now show you might also help you to understand what is happening.
如果没有 对你来说最重要的是我们在某种程度上伸展了 If not, um, the important thing to you is that we somehow stretch.
这个范围能让我们更好地看到小细节 Uh, the range is in such a way that we can better see the small details in.
在这些价值观之间 这些价值观现在正在消失 我们这样做只是为了形象化 Between the values which are getting lost now. And we do this just for the visualization.
对于其他的计算 我们倾向于使用原始的计算数据 For any other calculations, we uh, prefer to use the original calculated data.
所以 嗯 现在 我进入显示面板并跟踪Bargraph组件 只是为了向你展示数据之前和之后的样子 So, uh, now, I go to the display panel and tracked on the Bargraph component, just to show you how the data looked like before and after.
这个条形图实际上是将数据从小到大排序 然后分组 This bar plot is actually ordering the data from small to the large, and grouping it.
十组 你可以看到在非常低的值上有很高的门槛 Ten groups, and you see that you have high bar at the very low values, which.
条形图的高度告诉你 在这个范围内有多少数据 从1003到1000 A height of the bar tells you how much data do you have in this range So we have about 1000 from this 1003.
七 The seven.
值为2000 值最小 我们有 With a value of 2000 with the smallest value. And we have.
非常少 只有一个细分市场23个细分市场的销量非常高 Very few, just one segment and 23 segments with a very high volume.
大约30060000 这很难想象 因为 About 30060000, and this is then very hard to visualize, because um.
这是红色的 1000个值将落在 This is going to be the red color, and all this, 1000 values are going to fall into the.
梯度的绿色范围 这就是为什么我们看不到差异的原因 Green range of our gradient. That's why we don't really see the differences.
因为它们都挤在屏幕里 Those because they're all in, squeezed in this screen.
左范围 如果我们转换数据会发生什么 它们会更均匀地分布 Left range and what happens if we transformed data, they are going to be much more evenly distributed.
那么 嗯 如果我现在插入转换后的数据 我可以很清楚地看到这里发生了什么 So, um, if I now plugged in the transformed data, and I can very well see what is happening here?
哪条线在中心度上比相邻的线更中央化 Which line is more central in terms of between the centrality than its neighbors?
还有另一种方法 如何突出和形象化那些不太可见的东西 And also, what is another way, how to highlight and visualize, uh things which are not very visible, is to.
变换辐射的范围 从0到1 你可以去掉小的或大的值来显示一些 Transform the range of your radiant, which is going from zero to one, and you can cut out the small or the large value in to show some.
之类的 不 你想要的 Or something, no. You would like to have.
所以如果我想再次强调最中心的街道 我会 呃 剪掉 So if I would like to highlight only the most central streets again, I would uh, cut out the.
数值范围的较低部分使它再次变为绿色 然后 Lower portion of the value range make it all green again. And then.
红色 大多数一体化的街道会出现 我也可以从另一端做同样的事情 Red, most integrated streets will pop up, and I can do the same from the from the other end.
我认为这或多或少是我想展示的 还有一件事 要注意 你的分析总是取决于 Um, I think this is more or less, uh what I wanted to show, uh, one more thing, uh, to note, your analysis always depends.
对于您的输入 由于这是一个全局分析 您实际上是在计算之间的关系 On your inputs, since this is a global analysis, you are actually calculating the relationships between.
一个部分到所有其他部分 如果我用一些线段或者 One segment to all the other segments. If I use some segments or.
不要使用一些片段 这会影响我的结果 目前我们还没有用到所有的分段 Not use some segments, it will influence my results. So currently we are not using all the segments.
我想给你们看的是如果我使用公园部分 分析将会改变 And what I would like to show you is that the analysis will change if I use the park segment.
我把我的1327条街道和280个公园结合起来 Well, I combine my 1327 streets with 280 park.
就是这些 然后我们会看到 之后的图像是不同的 Which are these ones And then we will see that actually the image will be different after.
我们现在看到的分析结果 是网络中新增的街道段 So here we see the analysis results, uh, with the new street segments added to the network.
我只是做了屏幕截图来比较前后 And I just did the screen shot to compare the before and after.
看看它们之间的区别 所以一般来说 我们没有添加这么多线段 See some of the differences. So in general, we didn't add so many segments.
完全改变结果 但我们已经看到一些变化 因为每一个新的部分 Completely alter the results, but we see already some changes, because every new segment.
它不仅可以作为Um a和b之间的联系 也可以作为一个新的起点和终点 Not only use as a possible connection between Um, a. and b., but it's also used as a new origin and destination of.
有时这是我们想要的 有时又不是我们想要的 因为很明显 So this is sometimes what we intend, and sometimes it's not really what we want, because obviously.
帕克路没有产生那么多的交通 没有那么多的交通来自这里比一些街道 Parker Roads are not producing so much traffic, not so much traffic is originating from here than compared to some streets.
建筑就是人的所在 所以这可能会在某种程度上扭曲我们的结果 Buildings are where people, so this might somehow distort our results In.
这是我们不希望看到的方向 有一种方法可以纠正这一点 但是 Direction which we wouldn't like to have, and there is a way how to correct for this. But.
这是一个很高级的话题 但现在是 Rather advanced topic for now, but it's for you now in.
重要的是要知道 这对我们的任务有影响 我们会用我的 Important to know that this has an influence, and, uh, for our task, we will actually analyze by my.
公园大道 如果我们只看这个文件 我们会直接看到一些区别 比如 Out the parkways. So if we just look at this file, we directly see some some differences, like.
这条线从橙色到黄色 尽管它们没有直接连接 任何新街道 但是 Here the line is going from orange, yellow, even though they are not directly connected. Any new streets, but.
新增街道的全球效应可能引导交通 从这里 通向新的 Global effect of new streets added might guide the traffic. From here, lead to the new.
我们在这里也会看到一些不同 And we would also see some differences here.
和 And.
而且很少有其他的能轻易被发现 但是 主要的 And few others are also easily to spot. But the the, the main.
你必须一直考虑我们在MA中使用什么 我们需要什么 You have to always consider what we use in our MA, and what we need is behind.
所以我们刚才看到的是 它真的很重要 So what we just saw is that it's really important.
我们在分析边界内包含或排除哪些部分 Which segments do we include or exclude inside of our analysis boundary?
如果我们用帕克 If we use the Parker.
不要使用公园 这是 必不可少的 Don't use the park. It's uh, essential for.
我们考虑的同样重要的结果是我们实际种植的区域 我们的地图 Uh, the results, and equally important we consider is the area where E we actually crop. Our map.
我们包括什么 排除什么 区域外的东西 这显然也改变了结果 What we include and what we exclude, what is outside of the area. This is obviously also changing the results.
这一点很重要 And this is, uh, always important.
考虑到 特别是在局部分析中 我们总是倾向于有边界 Consider, especially in the local analysis, we always tend to have boundary.
至少和半径一样大 同时 我们不想使用太大的面积 At least as large as the radius, uh, we want to use, and at the same time, we, we don't want to use area which is too big.
我提到过当我们包含越来越多的片段时分析时间会呈指数增长 I mentioned the analysis time is uh going to be exponentially higher when we include more and more segments.
所以我们想要面积小到可以计算 但又大到可以告诉我们 So we want area which is small enough to be still computable, but large enough to tell us.
故事 我们感兴趣 Story, we are interested In.
不要因为我们没有选择足够大的部分而改变结果 Don't change the results just because we didn't choose large enough portion of the.
我认为这或多或少是整个分析的一部分 所以重要的是只允许分段 有不同的方法来定义距离 I think this is more or less it for the whole analysis, so important thing is only segments are allowed, there are different ways how to define distance.
现在我们使用垂钓者的距离 我们分析不同的无线电 我们现在做的 例如 只是看无线电 600 Now we use the angler distance, we analyse on different radio, what we do now of, for example, is to just look at the radio, six hundred.
你会看到一个完全不同的图像 最后 我们可以选择 哪种分析是我们感兴趣的 Well, and you see a completely different image appear. Finally, we can choose, what kind of analysis are we interested.
这是中心性和接近中心性之间的关系 然后我们提取结果 This is between a centrality and close and centrality. Then we pluck the results.
到可视化工具中输入的值 To the value input in our visualization tool.
在这里 我们还能做的是把范围放大 突出显示 And here, uh, what we also can do is to play around with the ranges, to highlight.
有些不同 在这种情况下 它可能更容易看到 这个红色的中心在发生什么 Some differences, so in this case it might be better visible, uh, what is going in this red center.
我们将下限推向数字0 3 We push the lower boundary a bit towards the number 0.3.
比方说 这是O 当然我们现在失去了较低范围内的一些信息 因为在这之间的所有东西 Let's say, and this is, O, of course we are losing now some of the information in the lower range, because everything between.
0 29将是UH被认为是一样的 但是我们把整个颜色范围推到某个地方 0.29 is going to be UH regarded as the same, but we are pushing the whole colour range somewhere.
顶部和获得更高的边缘更精确或更差异化的图像 所以它可能总是有意义的 Top and getting more precision or more differentiated image in the higher edge. So it might be always meaningful.
摆弄它们来寻找能够讲述故事的图像 你真的很感兴趣 Play around with them to look for the image, which tells the story. You are actually interested.
但好吧 还有一个关于 But okay, um, there will be one more idea tutorial for.
展示新闻算法 呃 如何迭代另一个结果的原理 的 Showing news algorithmic, UH, principle of how to iterate through The another result. For the.
任务的一部分 但基本上就是这样 嗯 我 Of the task, but this is basically it. Um, I.
请关注 期待在下面的评论中看到你的反馈 谢谢你 Attention and uh, looking forward to see your feedback in the comments below. Thank you.