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-：大家好，欢迎回到区块链课程。
-: Hello and welcome back to the course on Blockchain.

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为了理解Web 3.0是什么，
So to understand what Web 3.0 is,

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我们先来了解一下Web 2.0是什么。
let's first understand what Web 2.0 is.

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这里，我们有几个网站的例子
Here, we've got a couple of examples of websites

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你可能还记得90年代，
back from the 90s as you might remember them,

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或者你可能不记得了，
or you might not remember them,

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但这就是他们的样子。
but this is what they look like.

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那时候，简单地说，
And back then, simply,

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一个网站只是文本，也许是一些图片和一些链接。
a website was just text, maybe some images and some links.

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就像苹果的情况一样，
And like in the case of the Apple,

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这是苹果网站，这是亚马逊网站。
this is the Apple website, this is Amazon website.

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就苹果网站而言，有点
And in the case of the Apple website, like it's a bit

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可能是更晚或者更早的时候，
like probably later in time or a bit more advanced,

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因为你可以在这里看到一个表单，一些按钮等等。
cause you can see like a form here, some buttons and so on.

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也许甚至像一些高级着色之类的东西。
Maybe like even some advanced coloring and things like that.

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所以，
So,

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是啊，美好的旧时光，
yeah, good old days,

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这就是web的样子，这就是Web 1.0。
this is what the web looked like and this was Web 1.0.

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如你所见，
As you can see,

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这和我们现在的经历非常不同。
it's a very different experience to what we have now.

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让我们来看看
So let's have a look

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苹果和亚马逊的网站就像今天一样。
at the websites of Apple and Amazon as they're today.

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所以有苹果。
So there's Apple.

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看看那些鲜艳的颜色。
Look at those vibrant colors.

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看看所有的
Look at all the

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菜单在顶部，你可以如何去
menus at the top and how you can just go

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不用离开页面就可以在这里观看视频。
and watch a video right here without leaving the page.

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还有亚马逊网站
And there's the Amazon website, and again

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这里有一个表格，一个搜索表格。
you've got like a form here, like a search form.

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你有这个旋转木马，
You've got this carousel,

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它改变了背景中的广告。
it's changing the ads in the background there.

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你有所有这些不同的广告。
You've got all these different other ads.

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他们都在跟踪你的购买情况。
It's, they're all tracking your purchases.

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就像你，
Like you're,

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你会得到与你最相关的东西，
you're being served the most relevant things to you,

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总是有这些弹出窗口，
there's always these popups,

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有这些非常互动的东西。
there's these very interactive things.

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我在这里甚至没有谈论社交媒体。
And I'm not even talking about social media here.

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这在网络上也是一个巨大的新事物
That's a huge new thing in the web as well

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与web版本1.0相比。
compared to web version 1.0.

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所有这些都被称为Web 2.0。
And so all of this together is called Web 2.0.

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这个术语在2004年开始普及
This term was popularized in 2004

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它标志着一个范式的转变
and it signifies a paradigm shift

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我们如何体验网站和互联网。
in how we experience websites and the internet.

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所以我们从简单的文字、链接和图片
So we went from just basic text and links and images

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所有移动的东西，装载的东西。
to everything moving around, things loading.

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你可以看视频，
You can watch videos,

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不留一页就可以看视频了。
you can watch videos without leaving a page.

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你可以你，你有社会，有这么多的事情
You can you, you have social, there's so many things

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这里列出了其中的一些。
going on and some of them are listed here.

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Ajax在Web2.0中扮演了重要角色，
A big role in web 2.0 was played by Ajax, and,

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Ajax和JavaScript，因为这些技术允许
well Ajax and JavaScript because those technologies allowed

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整个过渡到加载页面。
that whole transition to loading pages.

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我们在页面上刷新和加载元素。
We've had refresh and loading elements on pages.

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我们每次都要刷新页面，
We've had having to refresh the page every time,

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我们已经让页面自动刷新了。
we have had the page refreshing itself.

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那就是，沉浸
And that's, that immersion

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从那里获得的经验。
into your experience that you get from there.

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这就是Web 2.0。
And so that's Web 2.0.

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它又一次在2004年流行起来。
It was like, again, popularized in 2004.

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这不像是发生的具体日期。
It's not like a specific date when that happened.

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只是，只是一直在发生。
It just, it just all kept happening.

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然后人们意识到
And then people realized

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我们现在处在一个不同的世界。
that we're in a different world now.

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所以让我们把它画出来。
And so let's map that out.

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在一个典型的网站或典型的体验上，
On a typical website or typical experience,

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网络用户体验，
user experience on the web,

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我们有前端和后端。
we have a front and the backend.

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前端是用户看到的。
The frontend is what the user sees.

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后端是后台发生的事情，
The backend is what happens in the background,

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他们看不到的东西。
what they don't see.

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所以就前端而言，
So in terms of frontend,

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这是我们的，回到Web 1.0，这是我们的苹果网站，
there's our, back in Web 1.0, there's our Apple website,

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这就是Web 2.0的样子。
and now this is what looks like in Web 2.0.

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前端发生了巨大的变化。
Frontend has changed drastically.

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整个经历改变了很多。
The whole experience has changed a lot.

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不仅仅是他们所看到的，而是他们所感受到的，
Not just what they see, but like what they feel, how,

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机器学习技术如何为他们提供广告，
how the machine learning technologies are serving them ads,

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他们与哪些视频互动，
what videos they interact with,

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网站是如何记住他们以前做过的事情的
how the websites are remembering things they've done before

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并适应它们。
and adapting to them.

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这是在Web 1.0中，这是在Web 2.0中。
So that was in Web 1.0, this is in Web 2.0.

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但是让我们看看后端。
But let's look at the backend.

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后端发生了怎样的变化？
How has the backend changed?

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嗯，后端变化不大。
Well, backend hasn't changed much.

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如果我们不考虑
If we don't take into account

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所有复杂的算法，
all the complex algorithm that,

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位于后端的算法，
algorithms that sit in the backend,

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核心结构，核心架构
the core structure, the core architecture

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人们如何与网站互动
of how people interact with websites

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网络上的东西是通过一种集中的方法。
and things on the web is through a centralized approach.

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有一个中央服务器，比如苹果
There's a central server, for instance, Apple

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在这种情况下，有一个中央服务器，我们正在访问它。
in this case has a central server and we are accessing it.

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我们正在从中央服务器请求东西
We're requesting things from the central server

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然后我们就能得到信息。
and then we're getting information back.

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所以，这就是区块链可以发挥巨大作用的地方
And so, this is where blockchain can play a huge part

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在Web 3.0中，很可能会。
in Web 3.0 and probably will.

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所以有了Web 3.0，我们真的不知道会发生什么
So there's Web 3.0, we don't really know what's gonna happen

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因为思考也很重要
with the frontend because it's also important to think

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关于这一点，
about that as well, that's,

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那将会改变，也许它将会变成旧的计算机视觉
that will change, maybe it'll become old computer vision

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或者它会变得更有互动性
or maybe it'll become like even more interactive

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或者更多的人工智能驱动，
or even more AI driven,

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个性化之类的。
personalized and things like that.

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这不是我们要回答的问题
That's not the question that we are answering here

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就现在。
right now.

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问题是，后端会有怎样的变化？
The question is, how will the backend change?

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这就是区块链可以发挥主要作用的地方
Well, this is where blockchain can play a major role

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我们可以从Web 2.0中的集中式web
and we can move from a centralized web in Web 2.0

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到Web 3.0中的去中心化web。
to a decentralized web in Web 3.0.

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让我们看得更详细一点
And let's have a look in a bit more detail

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这一切是如何发生的。
how all that can take place.

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这里有世界上所有的人
So here we've got all the people in the world

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众所周知，我们都是相互联系的。
and as we know, we're all interconnected.

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我们所有人，一些人，一些人认识一些人，然后
We all, some, somebody knows somebody and then

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人们互相认识，就像这整个概念
people know each other and there's like this whole concept

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六度分离之类的东西。
of six degrees of separation and things like that.

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所以，或者现在更低的是，你几乎
So, or now it's like even lower that's, you pretty much

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认识世界上的四五个人
know anybody in the world through like four or five

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或者六个连接。
or six connections.

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但尽管如此，即使我们都是相互联系的，
But nevertheless, even though we're all connected,

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当我们想要相互交流时，我们会怎么做？
when we want to interact with each other, what do we do?

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好吧，我们去
Well, we go to

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例如，Facebook，
for instance, Facebook,

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它有自己的集中式服务器
which has its centralized servers which belong

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所有的数据都存储在那里。
to Facebook and all the data is stored there.

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所以我们实际上是在相互作用
And so we are actually interacting

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Facebook或Facebook的服务器和服务，
with Facebook or Facebook's servers and services,

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这样我们就可以互相联系了。
which then allowed us to connect with each other.

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所以我们有中间人Facebook，
So we have that middle man Facebook,

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到目前为止做得很好。
which so far has done a great job.

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我们得到了，我们必须付出，
We got, we gotta give it,

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这些公司拉近了我们的距离，
these companies for bringing us closer together,

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脸书、LinkedIn、Twitter等等。
Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and so on.

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就像他们一样，他们肯定扮演了一个重要的角色
Like they've, they definitely had a major role

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在社会和全球公正的演变中
in the evolution of how society and just globally

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世界是相连的。
the world is connected.

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不管他们怎么称呼它，
However they call it the,

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基本原则依然存在
underlying foundational principle remains

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我们仍然通过一种集中的方式进行互动
that we are still interacting through a centralized way

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通过Facebook服务互相联系。
with each other through the Facebook service.

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所以他们控制了我们的数据，我们的隐私。
So they have control over our data, over our privacy.

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他们可以提供他们想要的广告，
They can service the ads they want to service,

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如果他们想起诉我们，他们可以起诉我们。
they can charge us if they want to charge us.

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他们不想，如果他们不想起诉我们，他们就不想。
They don't, if they don't want to charge us, they don't.

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所以有很多控制
And so there's a lot of control

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我们要送给他们的东西。
that we are giving away to them.

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而在Web 3.0中，使用区块链方法，
Whereas in Web 3.0, with the blockchain approach,

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假设的
the hypothesized

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想法是
idea is that

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我们搬回来
we move back

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利用这种互连性
to using this interconnectivity

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我们彼此拥有的。
that we have with each other.

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同时，会有一个区块链
And at the same time, there would be a blockchain

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或者运行应用程序的多个区块链。
or multiple blockchains which would run the applications.

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同样，将存储此区块链的副本
Again, a copy of this blockchain would be stored

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在每一台电脑上。
on every single computer.

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然后就会有聪明的合同
And then there would be smart contracts

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控制着这些应用程序的工作方式和发生的事情，
which govern how these applications work and what happens,

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例如，在社交媒体应用程序的情况下
for instance, in the case of a social media application

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或者社交媒体网络
or social media network is

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智能合约会说，
smart contracts would say,

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当一个人加入时会发生什么？
"What happens when a person joins?

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当他们把某人加为好友时会发生什么？”
What happens when they add somebody as a friend?"

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当有人，你知道，
What happens when somebody, you know,

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贴点东西等等。
posts something and so on.

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所以这基本上是社交媒体网络背后的代码。
So it's basically the code behind that social media network.

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这些都将被储存在区块链中。
And that would all be stored in a blockchain.

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区块链会像我们讨论的那样运行
Blockchain would be running just as we discussed

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在整个过程中，区块链是如何工作的。
throughout this whole course how blockchain works.

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区块链已经存在的一个很好的例子
And a great example of the blockchain that already exists

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因为这里是以太坊区块链
for this is the Ethereum blockchain

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如果已经创建了应用程序，
where applications are already created,

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当我们看到Steemit的例子时，
when we saw an example of Steemit,

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这是区块链版的推特。
which is a blockchain version of Twitter.

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所以，基本上社交媒体网络
And so, basically the social media network

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会生活在这个区块链上。
would live on this blockchain.

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我们都会
We would all

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要么拥有我们自己的数据，要么拥有零碎的数据
have either our own data or fragmented bits

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以匿名的方式保存在彼此的数据中。
in pieces of each other's data in an anonymized way.

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但关键是对数据的控制
But the point is that the control over the data

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将使用区块链上的私钥存储。
would be stored using a private key on the blockchain.

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所以只有你能访问你的所有数据
So only you would have access to your all data

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你会，通过你的互动
and you would, through your interactions

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通过智能合约，你可以，
and through the smart contracts, you would be able to,

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通过你的行动，你可以选择
and through your actions, you would be able to select

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谁能看到你的数据，谁不能，
who gets to see your data, who doesn't,

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你想和谁做朋友，
who you wanna be friends with,

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你不想和他做朋友。
who you doesn't wanna be friends with.

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这样你就可以完全控制你的数据，
So you get control back over your data completely,

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完全是因为它没有存储在中央服务器上。
entirely because it's not stored on a centralized server.

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它要么再次存储在您的计算机上
It's either stored on your computer again

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或者还有其他方法来实现这一点，
or there's other ways to implement this,

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它可以零零碎碎地储存在各处，
it can be stored in fragmented pieces all over the place,

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但只有你能把它重新组合起来。
but only you can put it back together.

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因此，我们正在做的是，
And so, therefore what we are doing is,

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我们利用自己的机器
we are leveraging our own machines

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而不是集中式服务器
rather than a centralized server

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来帮助实现这一切。
to help make all of this happen.

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所有的智能合约都在我们的机器上执行。
All the smart contracts are executing on our machines.

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所有的数据都存储在我们的机器上。
All the data is stored on our machines.

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区块链在我们的机器上运行。
The blockchain is running on our machines.

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我们的机器之间正在发生互联。
The interconnectivity is happening between our machines.

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我们并不真的需要中央服务器。
We don't really need a central server.

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我们可以建立一个社交网络，
We can have a social network, which is completely,

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不属于任何人。
which doesn't belong to anyone.

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它只是运行，它只是存在，它是众包
It just runs, it just exists and it's crowdsourced

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人们增加它，喜欢它，又从它那里拿走
and people add to it and like, and take away from it

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我们都投票决定它如何发展等等。
and we all vote how it develops and things like that.

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所以一个非常民主化的方法
So a very democratized approach

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我们都能控制它。
where we all have control over it.

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所以，这又把我们带回到那个想法
So, and this brings us back to that idea

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以太坊正在建造的超级计算机，
of the super computer that Ethereum is trying to build,

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就像全球超级计算机使用
like the global super computer using

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我们的小电脑，
our little computers that we have,

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而不是集中的服务器或位置。
rather than a centralized server or location.

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所以我们走吧。
So there we go.

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这就是区块链为Web 3.0做出贡献的方式。
That's how blockchain can contribute to Web 3.0.

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我们已经看过这样的例子，
We've already seen an example of this,

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Steemit网站，事实上还有更多，
the Steemit website and, and there's more, in fact,

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我有一个有趣的附加阅读材料，
I got an interesting additional reading for you here, where,

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作者Matteo谈到
the author Matteo talks about

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区块链的理论概念及其启示
the theoretical concepts and implications around blockchain

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或者Web3.0，实际上这里有一个截图
or Web 3.0, and actually there's a screenshot there

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在应用程序中，它们会如何改变，你知道，
of the apps, how they might change, how, you know,

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浏览器可能会改变，存储和视频通话，
the browser might change, storage and video call,

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社交网络等等。
social networking and so on.

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所以你可以看到这里，Steemit在这里。
So you can actually see here, Steemit is over here.

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所以我们走吧。
So there we go.

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这就是Web 3.0
That's Web 3.0

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区块链如何在其中发挥作用。
and it's, and how blockchain can play a role in that.

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看看这篇文章，它在媒体上很受欢迎
Check out this article's, it's quite popular on Medium

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是的，我觉得这是个好主意
and yeah, it's, it's a good idea I think to get

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与未来的发展保持同步，
up to date and upskilled with what's coming ahead,

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期待什么，
what to expect from,

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互联网将会是什么样子，
what the internet will look like and,

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为什么，嗯，因为它会给你一些想法
why, well, because it'll give you ideas on

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也许你能为此做点什么
maybe how you can contribute to that

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或者你可以如何参与，
or maybe how you can participate in,

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在这一切中，尽早开始，
in all of this and get started early and start,

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你知道，转变你的心态。
you know, transitioning your mindset.

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再说一次，这只是我的全部改变。
Again, this is all, it just all my change.

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几个月后，几年后，它可能看起来
In a few, few months, in a few years, it might look

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和我们现在推测的完全不同，
completely different to what we're speculating now,

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但它看起来很有希望，它看起来像一个，
but it does look promising, it does look like a,

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世界可能会以一种非常有趣的方式发展。
a very interesting way the world could go.

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在这一点上，我希望你喜欢今天的故事
On that note, I hope you enjoy today's story

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我期待着你的下一次。
and I look forward to you next time.

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在那之前，享受区块链吧。
Until then, enjoy blockchains.