-：大家好，欢迎回到区块链课程。 -: Hello and welcome back to the course on Blockchain.
为了理解Web 3.0是什么， So to understand what Web 3.0 is,
我们先来了解一下Web 2.0是什么。 let's first understand what Web 2.0 is.
这里，我们有几个网站的例子 Here, we've got a couple of examples of websites
你可能还记得90年代， back from the 90s as you might remember them,
或者你可能不记得了， or you might not remember them,
但这就是他们的样子。 but this is what they look like.
那时候，简单地说， And back then, simply,
一个网站只是文本，也许是一些图片和一些链接。 a website was just text, maybe some images and some links.
就像苹果的情况一样， And like in the case of the Apple,
这是苹果网站，这是亚马逊网站。 this is the Apple website, this is Amazon website.
就苹果网站而言，有点 And in the case of the Apple website, like it's a bit
可能是更晚或者更早的时候， like probably later in time or a bit more advanced,
因为你可以在这里看到一个表单，一些按钮等等。 cause you can see like a form here, some buttons and so on.
也许甚至像一些高级着色之类的东西。 Maybe like even some advanced coloring and things like that.
所以， So,
是啊，美好的旧时光， yeah, good old days,
这就是web的样子，这就是Web 1.0。 this is what the web looked like and this was Web 1.0.
如你所见， As you can see,
这和我们现在的经历非常不同。 it's a very different experience to what we have now.
让我们来看看 So let's have a look
苹果和亚马逊的网站就像今天一样。 at the websites of Apple and Amazon as they're today.
所以有苹果。 So there's Apple.
看看那些鲜艳的颜色。 Look at those vibrant colors.
看看所有的 Look at all the
菜单在顶部，你可以如何去 menus at the top and how you can just go
不用离开页面就可以在这里观看视频。 and watch a video right here without leaving the page.
还有亚马逊网站 And there's the Amazon website, and again
这里有一个表格，一个搜索表格。 you've got like a form here, like a search form.
你有这个旋转木马， You've got this carousel,
它改变了背景中的广告。 it's changing the ads in the background there.
你有所有这些不同的广告。 You've got all these different other ads.
他们都在跟踪你的购买情况。 It's, they're all tracking your purchases.
就像你， Like you're,
你会得到与你最相关的东西， you're being served the most relevant things to you,
总是有这些弹出窗口， there's always these popups,
有这些非常互动的东西。 there's these very interactive things.
我在这里甚至没有谈论社交媒体。 And I'm not even talking about social media here.
这在网络上也是一个巨大的新事物 That's a huge new thing in the web as well
与web版本1.0相比。 compared to web version 1.0.
所有这些都被称为Web 2.0。 And so all of this together is called Web 2.0.
这个术语在2004年开始普及 This term was popularized in 2004
它标志着一个范式的转变 and it signifies a paradigm shift
我们如何体验网站和互联网。 in how we experience websites and the internet.
所以我们从简单的文字、链接和图片 So we went from just basic text and links and images
所有移动的东西，装载的东西。 to everything moving around, things loading.
你可以看视频， You can watch videos,
不留一页就可以看视频了。 you can watch videos without leaving a page.
你可以你，你有社会，有这么多的事情 You can you, you have social, there's so many things
这里列出了其中的一些。 going on and some of them are listed here.
Ajax在Web2.0中扮演了重要角色， A big role in web 2.0 was played by Ajax, and,
Ajax和JavaScript，因为这些技术允许 well Ajax and JavaScript because those technologies allowed
整个过渡到加载页面。 that whole transition to loading pages.
我们在页面上刷新和加载元素。 We've had refresh and loading elements on pages.
我们每次都要刷新页面， We've had having to refresh the page every time,
我们已经让页面自动刷新了。 we have had the page refreshing itself.
那就是，沉浸 And that's, that immersion
从那里获得的经验。 into your experience that you get from there.
这就是Web 2.0。 And so that's Web 2.0.
它又一次在2004年流行起来。 It was like, again, popularized in 2004.
这不像是发生的具体日期。 It's not like a specific date when that happened.
只是，只是一直在发生。 It just, it just all kept happening.
然后人们意识到 And then people realized
我们现在处在一个不同的世界。 that we're in a different world now.
所以让我们把它画出来。 And so let's map that out.
在一个典型的网站或典型的体验上， On a typical website or typical experience,
网络用户体验， user experience on the web,
我们有前端和后端。 we have a front and the backend.
前端是用户看到的。 The frontend is what the user sees.
后端是后台发生的事情， The backend is what happens in the background,
他们看不到的东西。 what they don't see.
所以就前端而言， So in terms of frontend,
这是我们的，回到Web 1.0，这是我们的苹果网站， there's our, back in Web 1.0, there's our Apple website,
这就是Web 2.0的样子。 and now this is what looks like in Web 2.0.
前端发生了巨大的变化。 Frontend has changed drastically.
整个经历改变了很多。 The whole experience has changed a lot.
不仅仅是他们所看到的，而是他们所感受到的， Not just what they see, but like what they feel, how,
机器学习技术如何为他们提供广告， how the machine learning technologies are serving them ads,
他们与哪些视频互动， what videos they interact with,
网站是如何记住他们以前做过的事情的 how the websites are remembering things they've done before
并适应它们。 and adapting to them.
这是在Web 1.0中，这是在Web 2.0中。 So that was in Web 1.0, this is in Web 2.0.
但是让我们看看后端。 But let's look at the backend.
后端发生了怎样的变化？ How has the backend changed?
嗯，后端变化不大。 Well, backend hasn't changed much.
如果我们不考虑 If we don't take into account
所有复杂的算法， all the complex algorithm that,
位于后端的算法， algorithms that sit in the backend,
核心结构，核心架构 the core structure, the core architecture
人们如何与网站互动 of how people interact with websites
网络上的东西是通过一种集中的方法。 and things on the web is through a centralized approach.
有一个中央服务器，比如苹果 There's a central server, for instance, Apple
在这种情况下，有一个中央服务器，我们正在访问它。 in this case has a central server and we are accessing it.
我们正在从中央服务器请求东西 We're requesting things from the central server
然后我们就能得到信息。 and then we're getting information back.
所以，这就是区块链可以发挥巨大作用的地方 And so, this is where blockchain can play a huge part
在Web 3.0中，很可能会。 in Web 3.0 and probably will.
所以有了Web 3.0，我们真的不知道会发生什么 So there's Web 3.0, we don't really know what's gonna happen
因为思考也很重要 with the frontend because it's also important to think
关于这一点， about that as well, that's,
那将会改变，也许它将会变成旧的计算机视觉 that will change, maybe it'll become old computer vision
或者它会变得更有互动性 or maybe it'll become like even more interactive
或者更多的人工智能驱动， or even more AI driven,
个性化之类的。 personalized and things like that.
这不是我们要回答的问题 That's not the question that we are answering here
就现在。 right now.
问题是，后端会有怎样的变化？ The question is, how will the backend change?
这就是区块链可以发挥主要作用的地方 Well, this is where blockchain can play a major role
我们可以从Web 2.0中的集中式web and we can move from a centralized web in Web 2.0
到Web 3.0中的去中心化web。 to a decentralized web in Web 3.0.
让我们看得更详细一点 And let's have a look in a bit more detail
这一切是如何发生的。 how all that can take place.
这里有世界上所有的人 So here we've got all the people in the world
众所周知，我们都是相互联系的。 and as we know, we're all interconnected.
我们所有人，一些人，一些人认识一些人，然后 We all, some, somebody knows somebody and then
人们互相认识，就像这整个概念 people know each other and there's like this whole concept
六度分离之类的东西。 of six degrees of separation and things like that.
所以，或者现在更低的是，你几乎 So, or now it's like even lower that's, you pretty much
认识世界上的四五个人 know anybody in the world through like four or five
或者六个连接。 or six connections.
但尽管如此，即使我们都是相互联系的， But nevertheless, even though we're all connected,
当我们想要相互交流时，我们会怎么做？ when we want to interact with each other, what do we do?
好吧，我们去 Well, we go to
例如，Facebook， for instance, Facebook,
它有自己的集中式服务器 which has its centralized servers which belong
所有的数据都存储在那里。 to Facebook and all the data is stored there.
所以我们实际上是在相互作用 And so we are actually interacting
Facebook或Facebook的服务器和服务， with Facebook or Facebook's servers and services,
这样我们就可以互相联系了。 which then allowed us to connect with each other.
所以我们有中间人Facebook， So we have that middle man Facebook,
到目前为止做得很好。 which so far has done a great job.
我们得到了，我们必须付出， We got, we gotta give it,
这些公司拉近了我们的距离， these companies for bringing us closer together,
脸书、LinkedIn、Twitter等等。 Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and so on.
就像他们一样，他们肯定扮演了一个重要的角色 Like they've, they definitely had a major role
在社会和全球公正的演变中 in the evolution of how society and just globally
世界是相连的。 the world is connected.
不管他们怎么称呼它， However they call it the,
基本原则依然存在 underlying foundational principle remains
我们仍然通过一种集中的方式进行互动 that we are still interacting through a centralized way
通过Facebook服务互相联系。 with each other through the Facebook service.
所以他们控制了我们的数据，我们的隐私。 So they have control over our data, over our privacy.
他们可以提供他们想要的广告， They can service the ads they want to service,
如果他们想起诉我们，他们可以起诉我们。 they can charge us if they want to charge us.
他们不想，如果他们不想起诉我们，他们就不想。 They don't, if they don't want to charge us, they don't.
所以有很多控制 And so there's a lot of control
我们要送给他们的东西。 that we are giving away to them.
而在Web 3.0中，使用区块链方法， Whereas in Web 3.0, with the blockchain approach,
假设的 the hypothesized
想法是 idea is that
我们搬回来 we move back
利用这种互连性 to using this interconnectivity
我们彼此拥有的。 that we have with each other.
同时，会有一个区块链 And at the same time, there would be a blockchain
或者运行应用程序的多个区块链。 or multiple blockchains which would run the applications.
同样，将存储此区块链的副本 Again, a copy of this blockchain would be stored
在每一台电脑上。 on every single computer.
然后就会有聪明的合同 And then there would be smart contracts
控制着这些应用程序的工作方式和发生的事情， which govern how these applications work and what happens,
例如，在社交媒体应用程序的情况下 for instance, in the case of a social media application
或者社交媒体网络 or social media network is
智能合约会说， smart contracts would say,
当一个人加入时会发生什么？ "What happens when a person joins?
当他们把某人加为好友时会发生什么？” What happens when they add somebody as a friend?"
当有人，你知道， What happens when somebody, you know,
贴点东西等等。 posts something and so on.
所以这基本上是社交媒体网络背后的代码。 So it's basically the code behind that social media network.
这些都将被储存在区块链中。 And that would all be stored in a blockchain.
区块链会像我们讨论的那样运行 Blockchain would be running just as we discussed
在整个过程中，区块链是如何工作的。 throughout this whole course how blockchain works.
区块链已经存在的一个很好的例子 And a great example of the blockchain that already exists
因为这里是以太坊区块链 for this is the Ethereum blockchain
如果已经创建了应用程序， where applications are already created,
当我们看到Steemit的例子时， when we saw an example of Steemit,
这是区块链版的推特。 which is a blockchain version of Twitter.
所以，基本上社交媒体网络 And so, basically the social media network
会生活在这个区块链上。 would live on this blockchain.
我们都会 We would all
要么拥有我们自己的数据，要么拥有零碎的数据 have either our own data or fragmented bits
以匿名的方式保存在彼此的数据中。 in pieces of each other's data in an anonymized way.
但关键是对数据的控制 But the point is that the control over the data
将使用区块链上的私钥存储。 would be stored using a private key on the blockchain.
所以只有你能访问你的所有数据 So only you would have access to your all data
你会，通过你的互动 and you would, through your interactions
通过智能合约，你可以， and through the smart contracts, you would be able to,
通过你的行动，你可以选择 and through your actions, you would be able to select
谁能看到你的数据，谁不能， who gets to see your data, who doesn't,
你想和谁做朋友， who you wanna be friends with,
你不想和他做朋友。 who you doesn't wanna be friends with.
这样你就可以完全控制你的数据， So you get control back over your data completely,
完全是因为它没有存储在中央服务器上。 entirely because it's not stored on a centralized server.
它要么再次存储在您的计算机上 It's either stored on your computer again
或者还有其他方法来实现这一点， or there's other ways to implement this,
它可以零零碎碎地储存在各处， it can be stored in fragmented pieces all over the place,
但只有你能把它重新组合起来。 but only you can put it back together.
因此，我们正在做的是， And so, therefore what we are doing is,
我们利用自己的机器 we are leveraging our own machines
而不是集中式服务器 rather than a centralized server
来帮助实现这一切。 to help make all of this happen.
所有的智能合约都在我们的机器上执行。 All the smart contracts are executing on our machines.
所有的数据都存储在我们的机器上。 All the data is stored on our machines.
区块链在我们的机器上运行。 The blockchain is running on our machines.
我们的机器之间正在发生互联。 The interconnectivity is happening between our machines.
我们并不真的需要中央服务器。 We don't really need a central server.
我们可以建立一个社交网络， We can have a social network, which is completely,
不属于任何人。 which doesn't belong to anyone.
它只是运行，它只是存在，它是众包 It just runs, it just exists and it's crowdsourced
人们增加它，喜欢它，又从它那里拿走 and people add to it and like, and take away from it
我们都投票决定它如何发展等等。 and we all vote how it develops and things like that.
所以一个非常民主化的方法 So a very democratized approach
我们都能控制它。 where we all have control over it.
所以，这又把我们带回到那个想法 So, and this brings us back to that idea
以太坊正在建造的超级计算机， of the super computer that Ethereum is trying to build,
就像全球超级计算机使用 like the global super computer using
我们的小电脑， our little computers that we have,
而不是集中的服务器或位置。 rather than a centralized server or location.
所以我们走吧。 So there we go.
这就是区块链为Web 3.0做出贡献的方式。 That's how blockchain can contribute to Web 3.0.
我们已经看过这样的例子， We've already seen an example of this,
Steemit网站，事实上还有更多， the Steemit website and, and there's more, in fact,
我有一个有趣的附加阅读材料， I got an interesting additional reading for you here, where,
作者Matteo谈到 the author Matteo talks about
区块链的理论概念及其启示 the theoretical concepts and implications around blockchain
或者Web3.0，实际上这里有一个截图 or Web 3.0, and actually there's a screenshot there
在应用程序中，它们会如何改变，你知道， of the apps, how they might change, how, you know,
浏览器可能会改变，存储和视频通话， the browser might change, storage and video call,
社交网络等等。 social networking and so on.
所以你可以看到这里，Steemit在这里。 So you can actually see here, Steemit is over here.
所以我们走吧。 So there we go.
这就是Web 3.0 That's Web 3.0
区块链如何在其中发挥作用。 and it's, and how blockchain can play a role in that.
看看这篇文章，它在媒体上很受欢迎 Check out this article's, it's quite popular on Medium
是的，我觉得这是个好主意 and yeah, it's, it's a good idea I think to get
与未来的发展保持同步， up to date and upskilled with what's coming ahead,
期待什么， what to expect from,
互联网将会是什么样子， what the internet will look like and,
为什么，嗯，因为它会给你一些想法 why, well, because it'll give you ideas on
也许你能为此做点什么 maybe how you can contribute to that
或者你可以如何参与， or maybe how you can participate in,
在这一切中，尽早开始， in all of this and get started early and start,
你知道，转变你的心态。 you know, transitioning your mindset.
再说一次，这只是我的全部改变。 Again, this is all, it just all my change.
几个月后，几年后，它可能看起来 In a few, few months, in a few years, it might look
和我们现在推测的完全不同， completely different to what we're speculating now,
但它看起来很有希望，它看起来像一个， but it does look promising, it does look like a,
世界可能会以一种非常有趣的方式发展。 a very interesting way the world could go.
在这一点上，我希望你喜欢今天的故事 On that note, I hope you enjoy today's story
我期待着你的下一次。 and I look forward to you next time.
在那之前，享受区块链吧。 Until then, enjoy blockchains.