1 00:00:10,260 --> 00:00:14,590 NETFLIX 原创纪录片系列 2 00:00:14,720 --> 00:00:16,680 生命离不开水 There is no life without water. 3 00:00:16,760 --> 00:00:18,970 经济也离不开水 There is no economy without water. 4 00:00:19,060 --> 00:00:20,180 社区也是 There's no community. 5 00:00:24,980 --> 00:00:30,650 它影响着这个星球上 人类生活的方方面面 It cuts across virtually every aspect of human life on this planet. 6 00:00:42,250 --> 00:00:47,040 有人有新想法 包装水 推广水 This is a new idea of somebody's to market water, and package it, 7 00:00:47,460 --> 00:00:49,090 然后从中获取利润 and make a lot of money off it. 8 00:00:49,340 --> 00:00:50,170 谁获益？ Who profits? 9 00:00:50,550 --> 00:00:52,510 瓶装水公司！ Oh, the bottled water companies! 10 00:00:55,760 --> 00:00:57,010 真的是相当便利 It's the ultimate convenience. 11 00:00:57,090 --> 00:00:57,970 {\an8}（酸碱平衡水） 12 00:00:58,050 --> 00:00:59,220 在你的车子里 冰箱里 It's in your car, in your refrigerator. 13 00:00:59,300 --> 00:01:00,640 {\an8}（富含天然二氧化碳 天然自来水） 14 00:01:00,760 --> 00:01:02,310 在你孩子的背包里 It's in your kid's backpack. 15 00:01:02,390 --> 00:01:04,520 瓶装水无处不在 Bottled water is everywhere. 16 00:01:05,440 --> 00:01:07,190 瓶装水也不是不好 Bottled water is not a bad thing. 17 00:01:07,270 --> 00:01:11,020 瓶装水可以走哪里带到哪里 尤其是在紧急情况 Bottled water goes everywhere, especially when there's an emergency. 18 00:01:11,520 --> 00:01:13,070 比激浪好 It's better than Mountain Dew. 19 00:01:14,360 --> 00:01:17,950 但是每一个瓶装水 都是从某个地方来的 But every bottle of water must come from somewhere. 20 00:01:18,570 --> 00:01:20,240 人们的井干涸 People's wells dry up, 21 00:01:20,330 --> 00:01:22,830 溪流干涸 鱼类死亡 streams start to dry up, fish start to die, 22 00:01:22,910 --> 00:01:24,540 生态系统逐渐消失 ecosystems start to disappear. 23 00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:27,290 -这是谁的水？ -我们的！ -Whose water is it? -Ours! 24 00:01:27,370 --> 00:01:28,960 {\an8}（滚出缅因州 别给我上水刑 兄弟） 25 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:34,590 市场营销的一个阴谋 演化成了全球的风靡 What started as a marketing scheme has exploded into a worldwide obsession. 26 00:01:34,670 --> 00:01:37,300 瓶装水行业从无到有 The bottled water industry has made something out of nothing 27 00:01:37,380 --> 00:01:38,510 几乎是一夜之间 sort of overnight. 28 00:01:39,890 --> 00:01:42,390 通向人道主义危机的大门 And a gateway to humanitarian crisis, 29 00:01:43,260 --> 00:01:46,480 正在拓宽富有与贫穷的鸿沟 widening the gap between the haves and the have-nots. 30 00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:51,230 为什么有一部分人 一小部分人 Why does one group of people, a very small group, 31 00:01:51,310 --> 00:01:55,070 一年用水可以赚到几十亿美金 make billions of dollars a year off of the same water 32 00:01:55,150 --> 00:01:57,360 而其他人连这些水资源都无法获取？ that other people can't even have access? 33 00:01:58,530 --> 00:02:01,280 焦点不在水资源是人类的权利上 The focus is not on water as a human right. 34 00:02:01,370 --> 00:02:05,910 焦点是从水赚钱 The focus is just about making money from water. 35 00:02:08,250 --> 00:02:10,460 人类的未来非常荒凉 The future of the people is very, very bleak. 36 00:02:12,090 --> 00:02:14,750 瓶装水公司 他们的未来很明朗 The bottled water companies, they have a bright future. 37 00:02:50,830 --> 00:02:52,460 {\an8}（社区帮助中心） 38 00:02:54,880 --> 00:02:58,800 这些车在早上五点开始排队 These vehicles begin lining up at five o'clock in the morning. 39 00:03:00,930 --> 00:03:03,970 他们就在这里等个几个小时 不会离开 They will wait here, without moving, for hours. 40 00:03:07,430 --> 00:03:11,190 对于在车里的人 这样的等待 这条队 也不得不选择 For the people inside them, this wait, this line are not optional. 41 00:03:12,230 --> 00:03:14,060 他们的健康取决于这条队伍 Their health depends on it. 42 00:03:16,770 --> 00:03:18,400 欢迎来到密歇根州弗林特 Welcome to Flint, Michigan. 43 00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:20,030 {\an8}（弗林特 水工厂） 44 00:03:20,110 --> 00:03:23,070 曾经是美国汽车工业的繁华区 Once a thriving center of the US auto industry, 45 00:03:23,160 --> 00:03:26,280 如今 弗林特在全球出名 却是另一个原因 today, Flint is internationally famous for another reason. 46 00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:30,790 水资源被污染 ...poison in the water. 47 00:03:30,870 --> 00:03:32,670 -弗林特的生命重要 -弗林特的生命重要 Flint lives matter! 48 00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:34,920 2014年四月 In April 2014, 49 00:03:35,000 --> 00:03:39,050 一个老旧的排水系统开始向 城市生活用水 an old and poorly managed piping system began leaching lead 50 00:03:39,130 --> 00:03:40,420 排放铅 into the city water. 51 00:03:40,630 --> 00:03:42,550 政府的缓慢应对行为 A sluggish government response provoked 52 00:03:42,630 --> 00:03:44,260 {\an8}（社区帮助中心） 53 00:03:44,340 --> 00:03:46,300 激起了公众对水资源供应的质疑 a highly public crisis of confidence in the water supply. 54 00:03:47,810 --> 00:03:51,230 所以弗林特的居民在黎明前来到这里 And so these residents of Flint have come before dawn 55 00:03:51,310 --> 00:03:54,190 去等待他们敢喝的水 to wait for water they are not afraid to drink. 56 00:03:56,190 --> 00:03:59,190 不 我不会喝自来水 绝对不喝 No, I will not drink tap water, period. 57 00:03:59,320 --> 00:04:01,690 我也不会用那个水洗盘子 I don't even like to wash my dishes in it. 58 00:04:01,950 --> 00:04:04,860 我使用过滤器 I use my filter for that too. 59 00:04:05,200 --> 00:04:06,280 在我的水龙头上 That's on the... on my fountain. 60 00:04:06,370 --> 00:04:07,410 {\an8}（索尼娅哈特 弗林特居民） 61 00:04:07,530 --> 00:04:08,700 我不喜欢使用这水 I don't like to use it, 62 00:04:08,790 --> 00:04:11,790 因为我不知道盘子是否会被污染 'cause I don't know if it's contaminating even the dishes. 63 00:04:20,420 --> 00:04:23,090 早上九点整 水会被运到 At 9:00 a.m. sharp, the water arrives. 64 00:04:23,550 --> 00:04:26,300 是雀巢公司运来的 It comes courtesy of Nestlé. 65 00:04:32,140 --> 00:04:34,980 雀巢水 是瑞士食品大亨的一个分支 Nestlé Waters, a division of the Swiss food giant, 66 00:04:35,060 --> 00:04:38,020 承诺要送出 has promised to give away more than six million bottles 67 00:04:38,110 --> 00:04:40,190 六百万冰山牌瓶装水 of their Ice Mountain brand spring water 68 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:43,780 来保护弗林特居民的 to protect the health and the peace of mind 69 00:04:43,860 --> 00:04:45,200 健康与一份安宁 of Flint's residents. 70 00:04:47,780 --> 00:04:49,830 早上好 你好吗？ Good morning. How y'all doing? 71 00:04:53,250 --> 00:04:54,500 两个家庭 Two families. 72 00:04:54,580 --> 00:04:55,580 一直到底 All the way to the end. 73 00:04:57,380 --> 00:04:58,880 谢谢你 我好了 Thank you, sir. I got it. 74 00:05:00,550 --> 00:05:01,710 人们不相信这里的水 People do not trust the water. 75 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:03,380 {\an8}（卡雷卡路易斯哈雷斯 社区管理者） 76 00:05:03,460 --> 00:05:04,920 当水质可以的时候 我认为他们也不会喝 When the water is okay, I think they still are not going to trust it. 77 00:05:06,430 --> 00:05:08,680 水里有铅 不安全 There's lead in the water. It's not safe. 78 00:05:12,430 --> 00:05:15,690 这个看似非常慈善的举动 This looks like an act of extraordinary generosity, 79 00:05:16,440 --> 00:05:17,980 实际是另有目的 but it could be something else. 80 00:05:18,060 --> 00:05:19,400 你想要多少 女士？ How many would you like, ma'am? 81 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:22,190 雀巢的批判者们 有很多人 Nestlé's critics, and there are a great many of them, 82 00:05:22,480 --> 00:05:25,780 表示这个公司与其说是提供帮助 say the company is not helping so much as cynically exploiting 83 00:05:25,860 --> 00:05:28,780 更不如说他们在利用一个特别的机会 来宣传他们生意 a unique opportunity to promote their business. 84 00:05:29,620 --> 00:05:33,750 当有资源短缺或危机的时候 情况实际对他们有利 It is to their benefit when there is scarcity or a crisis. 85 00:05:34,330 --> 00:05:35,660 他们并不是在解决问题 They're not solving the problem. 86 00:05:38,540 --> 00:05:40,880 水不仅仅是用来喝的 你需要用其来保持卫生 Water isn't just for drinking. You need it for sanitation. 87 00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:44,010 需要用来洗手、做饭和洗澡 You need it for washing your hands, cooking, and bathing. 88 00:05:44,090 --> 00:05:46,550 期待人们用瓶装水 来解决所有的需要 Expecting people to live off of bottled water 89 00:05:46,630 --> 00:05:48,430 {\an8}（伊丽莎白努斯鲍默 食品与水健康高级研究员） for all of those needs is... 90 00:05:48,510 --> 00:05:49,340 是不可持续的 unsustainable. 91 00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:51,430 -祝你一天愉快 -你也是 女士 -Have a good day, sir. -You too, ma'am. 92 00:05:51,510 --> 00:05:53,890 我们没能给人类提供安全水 Bottled water is not the answer 93 00:05:53,970 --> 00:05:55,980 瓶装水并不是解决办法 to the failure to provide safe water to our population. 94 00:05:58,480 --> 00:06:01,610 瓶装水行业最近持续在 争论的一点是 So one of the arguments the bottled water industry is increasingly making is 95 00:06:01,690 --> 00:06:04,320 他们不是在和自来水竞争 that they're not competing against tap water, 96 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:06,030 而是和不健康… that they're competing against unhealthy carbonated soft drinks 97 00:06:06,110 --> 00:06:07,780 {\an8}（彼得格雷克 《瓶装与兜售》作者） 98 00:06:07,860 --> 00:06:09,700 …含有很多糖分的饮料对抗 with a lot of sugar in them. 99 00:06:09,950 --> 00:06:13,450 这也可能是很大的争论点 如果是真的话 And that's potentially a great argument... if it were true. 100 00:06:13,620 --> 00:06:17,250 但是如果你看看数字 我已经看了 完全不是这么回事 But if you look at the numbers, which I've looked at, it's not true. 101 00:06:18,080 --> 00:06:20,880 事实是瓶装水在替换自来水 What's happening is bottled water is displacing tap water. 102 00:06:22,630 --> 00:06:26,170 有一些臭名昭著的案子 弗林特就是一个 There's a handful of infamous cases, and obviously, Flint is one. 103 00:06:26,260 --> 00:06:27,840 对于拥有三亿人口的国家来说 Flint is a tiny, little town 104 00:06:28,300 --> 00:06:29,930 弗林特是个小镇 in a country of 300 million people 105 00:06:30,010 --> 00:06:31,510 你在这个国家 每天都能喝到饮用水 where you can drink the drinking water every day, 106 00:06:31,590 --> 00:06:34,640 {\an8}（查尔斯菲什曼 《重度干渴》作者） and it doesn't... 107 00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:36,890 这水不会让你生病 是你能做到最好的事情之一 It not only doesn't make you sick, if it's one of the best things you can do. 108 00:06:38,230 --> 00:06:39,810 但是越来越多的消费者 And yet, more and more, 109 00:06:40,140 --> 00:06:41,730 不再这么做了 consumers simply don't do it. 110 00:06:43,110 --> 00:06:48,650 美国人每年要喝掉158升的瓶装水 Americans now drink 42 gallons of bottled water a year each. 111 00:06:49,950 --> 00:06:54,580 这个行业可以每年赚350亿美金 The business is $35 billion a year. 112 00:06:55,030 --> 00:06:58,250 比电影行业的规模大三倍 It's three times the size of the movie business. 113 00:06:59,540 --> 00:07:02,500 这个产业40年前不存在 And it's a business that didn't exist 40 years ago. 114 00:07:03,420 --> 00:07:04,460 我们购买的 We buy... 115 00:07:05,130 --> 00:07:09,630 瓶装水数量是咖啡的两倍 two times as much bottled water as coffee 116 00:07:10,380 --> 00:07:13,220 是啤酒的十倍 and ten times as much bottled water as beer. 117 00:07:14,510 --> 00:07:18,600 完全是爆炸性的转变 So it's just sort of this incredible explosion and transformation 118 00:07:18,680 --> 00:07:23,900 将一个我们不需要的产品 变成想要的东西 in a completely voluntary product that none of us actually need. 119 00:07:25,400 --> 00:07:26,820 全球来说 我们每年 Worldwide, we drink 120 00:07:26,900 --> 00:07:30,360 喝掉约3700亿升的瓶装水 about 100 billion gallons of bottled water every year. 121 00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:34,700 每八瓶中就有一瓶是美国人消耗的 The US consumes about one bottle in eight. 122 00:07:36,200 --> 00:07:37,830 只有中国喝得更多 Only China drinks more. 123 00:07:38,330 --> 00:07:40,370 当有人拿起一瓶水 When someone picks up a bottle of water, 124 00:07:40,620 --> 00:07:43,750 他们应该想想 “我是不是真的需要这瓶水？” what they should be thinking about is, "Do I really need this?" 125 00:07:44,330 --> 00:07:47,130 但是更深层次的是 他们应该要想想的是 But deeper than that, what they ought to be thinking about is, 126 00:07:47,210 --> 00:07:49,130 “这瓶水来自哪里？” "Where does this water come from?" 127 00:07:53,340 --> 00:07:56,260 对弗林特来说 这很简单 In the case of Flint, that's the easy part. 128 00:07:56,510 --> 00:07:57,970 跟着卡车就好 Just follow the trucks. 129 00:08:01,020 --> 00:08:03,520 冰山矿泉水来自地下 Ice Mountain spring water comes out of the ground 130 00:08:03,600 --> 00:08:05,940 距离弗林特160公里以北的地方 just 100 miles north of Flint. 131 00:08:09,030 --> 00:08:13,280 雀巢以一分钟2600升的速度 将水从地下抽上来 Nestlé pumps it out at a rate of more than 700 gallons a minute. 132 00:08:13,740 --> 00:08:17,070 然后在斯坦伍德这里的工厂装瓶 Then, it puts it in bottles at this plant in Stanwood. 133 00:08:17,370 --> 00:08:19,540 每分钟几千瓶 Thousands of bottles every minute. 134 00:08:22,750 --> 00:08:26,670 也就是说雀巢去年给弗林特 捐助的水 That means all of the water Nestlé is donating to Flint over the last year 135 00:08:26,830 --> 00:08:30,590 是斯坦伍德两天抽取的量 adds up to about two days' worth of output from Stanwood. 136 00:08:31,550 --> 00:08:33,970 雀巢几乎没有花一分钱 And Nestlé paid next to nothing for it. 137 00:08:34,930 --> 00:08:35,970 我爱水 I love water. 138 00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:38,050 我真的很爱 I do. I really do. 139 00:08:38,850 --> 00:08:40,180 {\an8}（扎卡里扎卡 艾瓦特城镇管理员） So... 140 00:08:40,260 --> 00:08:42,230 所以他们总被指责我感到惋惜 But I feel really bad they're always picked on 141 00:08:42,310 --> 00:08:45,350 看起来他们是坏人似的 and made to look like the bad person. 142 00:08:46,100 --> 00:08:47,360 我个人观点 So, I do have an opinion, 143 00:08:48,230 --> 00:08:52,190 我支持雀巢 and I'm in favor of it... of Nestlé. 144 00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:56,410 {\an8}（欢迎来到艾瓦特） 145 00:08:58,910 --> 00:09:00,490 从2005年起 Since 2005, 146 00:09:00,580 --> 00:09:04,960 密歇根的艾瓦特就允许雀巢 从镇上的井里提取 Evart, Michigan has allowed Nestlé to pump more than half a billion gallons 147 00:09:05,040 --> 00:09:06,500 超过40亿升的水 out of the town's wells 148 00:09:06,580 --> 00:09:08,790 然后瓶装到冰山的瓶子里 and put it in Ice Mountain bottles. 149 00:09:09,960 --> 00:09:12,380 在那里就是雀巢中转站 Right out there is Nestlé's transfer station, 150 00:09:12,460 --> 00:09:16,380 在那里有可以贮藏 15万升水的筒仓 and there's huge silos that hold 40,000 gallons of water, 151 00:09:16,470 --> 00:09:18,090 那里有两个 and there's two of them over there. 152 00:09:18,180 --> 00:09:21,470 它从北方的不锈钢管道 It comes from the north through stainless steel pipes 153 00:09:21,560 --> 00:09:24,640 运输到这里的中转站 有卡车运出去 to the transfer station, and there's trucks there right now loading up. 154 00:09:27,900 --> 00:09:29,400 他们一直在抽取 And they just keep pumping. 155 00:09:32,650 --> 00:09:34,820 每天都进进出出 They run in and out all day long. 156 00:09:35,530 --> 00:09:37,780 一辆卡车可以装三万八千升水 They haul about 10,000 gallons per truck. 157 00:09:40,030 --> 00:09:42,080 他们送到斯坦伍德的工厂进行瓶装 They transfer it to Stanwood, where it's bottled at their plant. 158 00:09:42,160 --> 00:09:43,200 {\an8}（所有卡车 寄收入口） 159 00:09:49,130 --> 00:09:51,590 艾瓦特很高兴可以达成这个协议 Evart was delighted to make this deal 160 00:09:51,670 --> 00:09:54,210 因为这个小镇需要钱 because the town needed the cash. 161 00:09:54,880 --> 00:09:58,130 我们是中等偏下水平 We're moderate to low poverty. 162 00:09:58,220 --> 00:10:03,220 平均年收入在这里是 一万九到两万一美金一年 The average income here is anywhere from $19,000 to $21,000 a year. 163 00:10:04,600 --> 00:10:05,770 如果没有从他们那里 It would be a struggle 164 00:10:06,430 --> 00:10:09,770 拿到的收入 我们没办法维持基础设施 to maintain all of our infrastructure without the revenue we receive from them. 165 00:10:12,270 --> 00:10:14,730 雀巢为这份水出的钱 Nestlé pays for this water at the same price paid 166 00:10:14,820 --> 00:10:17,400 和每个月城镇居民的花销一样多 by the town's residents on their monthly bill, 167 00:10:17,700 --> 00:10:20,990 三千八升水是3.6美元 about $3.60 for a 1,000 gallons. 168 00:10:22,830 --> 00:10:24,080 这3.6美元的价值 That $3.60's worth 169 00:10:24,160 --> 00:10:28,000 可以在便利店的货架上 带来七千美元的收入 could bring as much as $7,000 on the convenience store shelf. 170 00:10:29,830 --> 00:10:32,170 雀巢很聪明 知道捡到宝了 Nestlé knows a good thing when they've got one. 171 00:10:33,710 --> 00:10:36,260 他们完全改变了我们的场所 They completely renovated our fairgrounds. 172 00:10:36,880 --> 00:10:39,050 他们建了全新的球场 They put in brand-new ballfields. 173 00:10:39,130 --> 00:10:42,090 这里的高中有最先进的球场 The high school's got beautiful state-of-the-art ballfields. 174 00:10:42,260 --> 00:10:44,470 他们建了基本的球场 They put in elementary ballfields. 175 00:10:45,220 --> 00:10:48,140 他们也会参加原木猛兽比赛 They participate in the Timber Beast. 176 00:10:48,270 --> 00:10:51,310 他们和我们一起清理马斯基根河 They do a Muskegon River cleanup annually with us. 177 00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:53,400 通过4H项目 他们开创了可回收中心 They started a recycling center through the 4-H program. 178 00:10:53,480 --> 00:10:55,150 {\an8}（艾瓦特） 179 00:10:55,730 --> 00:10:58,190 但是艾瓦特真的赢了瓶装水彩票 But did Evart win the bottled water lottery, 180 00:10:58,280 --> 00:10:59,990 还是他们被骗了？ or are they being played for chumps? 181 00:11:02,030 --> 00:11:04,030 这一直都是他们的运营方式 This has been their model, time and again. 182 00:11:04,410 --> 00:11:07,660 他们给城镇好处 以试图获得城镇居民的同意 They offer benefits to this town to try and get them to agree. 183 00:11:07,910 --> 00:11:11,960 通常是罐装场的50个工作岗位 It's usually in the form of maybe 50 jobs from the bottling plant. 184 00:11:12,290 --> 00:11:14,630 有时候他们也会更新一些基础设施 Sometimes they do some infrastructure updates, 185 00:11:14,710 --> 00:11:17,300 但是他们这么做不是出于好心 but this isn't something they do out of the goodness of their heart. 186 00:11:17,380 --> 00:11:20,420 因为他们必须这么做 才能为瓶装工厂牟利 It's because they need to do this for the bottling plant to succeed. 187 00:11:21,800 --> 00:11:24,600 事实上 为了让这个工厂 最大限度运作 Actually, for this plant to function at its full capacity, 188 00:11:25,180 --> 00:11:29,100 雀巢需要比从艾瓦特得到的水量 还要多四倍 Nestlé needs about four times more water than they're getting from Evart. 189 00:11:29,180 --> 00:11:33,310 为了弥补这个差距 他们用一小部分自己的井水 To fill that gap, they use water from a handful of their own wells, 190 00:11:33,810 --> 00:11:36,070 花的是很少一部分钱 and they pay a lot less for that water. 191 00:11:39,110 --> 00:11:44,490 在密歇根 一个泵的营业执照 一年就是200美金 In Michigan, the licensing fee per pump for a year is $200. 192 00:11:47,120 --> 00:11:48,580 一年200美金 Two hundred dollars a year. 193 00:11:49,830 --> 00:11:51,500 这个资源基本上是免费的 The resource is essentially free. 194 00:11:51,580 --> 00:11:55,500 他们在拿取资源 提取它 瓶装它 再销售 They're taking a resource, pumping it, bottling it, and selling it. 195 00:11:57,550 --> 00:12:00,670 雀巢必须要拿到这个水资源 Nestlé absolutely has to get their hands on that water, 196 00:12:01,420 --> 00:12:02,880 因为公司建造了 because the company has built 197 00:12:02,970 --> 00:12:05,850 一个顶尖的百万生意 a cutting-edge, multi-billion-dollar business, 198 00:12:06,010 --> 00:12:09,470 但是起点只是一个传统 和不靠谱的想法 starting with a very old and very flimsy idea... 199 00:12:10,350 --> 00:12:14,480 从地下来的水有其健康价值 that water from underground has uniquely healthy properties. 200 00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:16,020 {\an8}（维塔利斯 矿泉水） 201 00:12:16,110 --> 00:12:17,520 在美国、欧洲 In the United States, like in Europe, 202 00:12:17,940 --> 00:12:20,820 最早的瓶装水产地 some of the earliest bottled waters originated 203 00:12:20,900 --> 00:12:23,280 是偏远的水疗圣地 还有泉水 at these rural spas, at these springs 204 00:12:23,360 --> 00:12:25,360 {\an8}（在卡尔斯巴德治疗和休息） 205 00:12:25,450 --> 00:12:26,570 有时候人们去那里修养度假 that people would sometimes go for health cures, for vacations. 206 00:12:26,660 --> 00:12:28,660 {\an8}（奥尔良铁路官方指南） 207 00:12:28,870 --> 00:12:30,040 19世纪 水疗建在天然温泉附近 Nineteenth century spas were built around natural springs. 208 00:12:30,120 --> 00:12:31,200 {\an8}（斯特里汉姆水疗 矿物井） 209 00:12:31,290 --> 00:12:32,790 {\an8}（萨拉托加泉水 天然矿泉水） 210 00:12:32,870 --> 00:12:36,790 每个泉水都保证有特别的健康矿物质 Each spring promised a unique recipe of healthy minerals 211 00:12:36,920 --> 00:12:39,960 几百年来一直在地下溶解在水里 dissolved into the water from centuries under the ground. 212 00:12:40,300 --> 00:12:42,090 我是觉得有些奇怪 Always struck me as a little odd, 213 00:12:42,170 --> 00:12:47,220 有人认为水不仅可以喝 but there was this idea that the water was not only good to drink, 214 00:12:47,340 --> 00:12:49,430 还可以用来泡 it was good to immerse yourself in it. 215 00:12:50,010 --> 00:12:52,810 我想健康效益有些许不同 I guess the health benefits were somehow slightly different, 216 00:12:52,890 --> 00:12:54,810 但是总归是对你好的 but either way, it was good for you. 217 00:12:54,890 --> 00:12:56,900 {\an8}（你想要这瓶健康的矿泉水 巴特利特） 218 00:12:57,060 --> 00:12:59,020 {\an8}（治疗便秘、肠胃、肾及风湿问题） 219 00:12:59,150 --> 00:13:02,070 很多瓶装水都吹捧 自己可以治疗… Many of the early bottled waters touted 220 00:13:02,150 --> 00:13:03,190 {\an8}（天然矿泉水 库藏卢瓦尔） that they were able to cure this or that disease 221 00:13:03,280 --> 00:13:04,780 …这个或那个疾病 因为矿物质 because of their mineral content. 222 00:13:04,860 --> 00:13:06,240 {\an8}（最好的法国餐桌水） 223 00:13:06,320 --> 00:13:08,450 这个时期 医药并没有发达到 And this was a time when medicine didn't really know 224 00:13:08,530 --> 00:13:10,280 了解究竟是什么造成的很多疾病 what caused many of our diseases. 225 00:13:11,830 --> 00:13:14,710 病因也被人忽视了 What was causing disease, of course, was ignorance. 226 00:13:15,460 --> 00:13:17,830 世界很多发展城市把废弃的水 The world's growing cities were pouring their sewage 227 00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:19,960 投入到河里 然后再从中饮用 into the same rivers they drank from. 228 00:13:23,340 --> 00:13:26,800 很多人们得的疾病都和水有关 A lot of the diseases people were getting were water-related. 229 00:13:27,930 --> 00:13:30,760 并不是通过空气传播 也不是直接接触传染 They didn't come through the air. They didn't come through contact. 230 00:13:30,850 --> 00:13:32,350 是通过被污染的水 They came from contaminated water. 231 00:13:35,730 --> 00:13:37,560 随着医药科学的进步 As medical science improved, 232 00:13:37,650 --> 00:13:42,230 工程科学、化学和生活科学的发展 the engineering sciences and the chemical and biological sciences also developed, 233 00:13:42,320 --> 00:13:43,780 我们学会如何净化水 and we learned how to purify water. 234 00:13:43,860 --> 00:13:45,860 {\an8}（每十万人死亡的重要原因） 235 00:13:46,030 --> 00:13:49,700 在公共健康上最重要的转变 The most important revolution in public health, 236 00:13:50,030 --> 00:13:51,910 在历史上来说 in the history of the planet, 237 00:13:51,990 --> 00:13:55,790 就是加入一点点的氯在水里 was the discovery that you could add just a little bit of chlorine to water 238 00:13:56,620 --> 00:13:59,830 可以让水从危险变为安全 and turn it from dangerous to completely safe. 239 00:14:01,210 --> 00:14:03,800 1908年 新泽西成为全美 In 1908, Jersey City, New Jersey 240 00:14:03,800 --> 00:14:07,800 第一个在公共水源里加入氯的城市 became the first city in the US to add chlorine to municipal water. 241 00:14:08,300 --> 00:14:10,340 其他美国城市接连效仿 Other American cities quickly followed. 242 00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:13,430 对瓶装水的需求消失了 The need for bottled water disappeared. 243 00:14:15,140 --> 00:14:17,890 一个接一个的瓶装水公司倒闭 One by one, the old bottlers closed. 244 00:14:18,810 --> 00:14:21,310 瓶装水变为缝隙产业 Bottled water became a niche business. 245 00:14:22,860 --> 00:14:25,990 直到一个有名的美国电影人 改变了一切 Until a giant of American cinema changed everything. 246 00:14:27,320 --> 00:14:31,410 巴黎水的第一个广告 是由奥森威尔斯制作的 The first ads for Perrier were done by Orson Welles, 247 00:14:31,490 --> 00:14:34,080 仅仅用的是他的声音 你都不用见到他的影子 just his voice. You didn't even need to see him. 248 00:14:34,910 --> 00:14:37,370 在法国南部的平原深部 Deep below the plains of Southern France, 249 00:14:37,450 --> 00:14:41,040 在几百万年前就开始的神秘运作 in a mysterious process begun millions of years ago, 250 00:14:41,130 --> 00:14:45,500 自然本身将一个泉水的冰水 碳酸化 形成了巴黎水 Nature herself carbonates the icy waters of a single spring, Perrier. 251 00:14:45,670 --> 00:14:47,670 {\an8}（来自法国的巴黎水 天然气泡矿泉水） 252 00:14:48,260 --> 00:14:54,720 巴黎水在法国有一百年多的历史 Perrier, which had kind of loped along for more than 100 years in France, 253 00:14:54,720 --> 00:14:59,350 想要进入美国市场 因为这里有庞大的消费者 wanted to break into the US market, which was a huge consumer market. 254 00:14:59,440 --> 00:15:00,690 比法国大得多 Much bigger than France, for instance. 255 00:15:00,770 --> 00:15:02,270 {\an8}（来自为你提供食物的人们） Perrier wasn't water. 256 00:15:02,350 --> 00:15:03,650 巴黎水并不是水 257 00:15:03,730 --> 00:15:05,690 是一种饮料 It was a beverage. 258 00:15:06,190 --> 00:15:07,230 {\an8}（地球的第一份软饮） 259 00:15:07,320 --> 00:15:08,490 通过不断的广告投放 Through relentless advertising, 260 00:15:08,570 --> 00:15:11,740 巴黎水将自我定位为健康的 Perrier portrayed their spring water as healthy, 261 00:15:11,820 --> 00:15:14,330 完美的饮品 完全符合 新时代的健康需求 the perfect drink for a new, healthy age. 262 00:15:14,410 --> 00:15:19,870 1976年 美国销售了三百万瓶巴黎水 In 1976, Perrier sold three million bottles of water in the US. 263 00:15:20,370 --> 00:15:23,920 1979年卖掉了两亿瓶巴黎水 In 1979, they sold 200 million. 264 00:15:24,750 --> 00:15:26,460 巴黎水一跃成为 美国的受欢迎矿泉水品牌 Perrier snapped up popular brands of American spring water. 265 00:15:26,550 --> 00:15:28,170 {\an8}（天然矿泉水） 266 00:15:28,590 --> 00:15:31,090 波兰泉水在东北部 Poland Spring in the Northeast, 267 00:15:31,380 --> 00:15:34,800 箭头牌在美国的西南部 Arrowhead in the southwestern part of the US, 268 00:15:34,890 --> 00:15:37,060 鹿园、泽弗希尔斯 Deer Park, Zephyrhills. 269 00:15:38,850 --> 00:15:42,060 巴黎水被雀巢买了 And then Perrier was itself snapped up by Nestlé. 270 00:15:50,240 --> 00:15:53,320 但是矿泉水的霸权地位 是魔鬼的讨价还价 But spring water supremacy was a devil's bargain. 271 00:15:54,820 --> 00:15:56,700 需求不是问题 Demand was no problem. 272 00:15:56,780 --> 00:15:59,040 供应才是问题 The trouble was supply. 273 00:15:59,500 --> 00:16:04,380 雀巢需要给这些矿泉水品牌 提供很多的原产品 Nestlé needed raw product for its spring water brands, a lot of product. 274 00:16:05,670 --> 00:16:08,960 对瓶装矿泉水的需求量增加 The explosive growth of bottled water 275 00:16:09,050 --> 00:16:12,130 开始给这些天然泉水 增加了越来越多的负担 started to put more and more pressure on these natural springs 276 00:16:12,470 --> 00:16:16,390 它们作为高价值水资源卖给大众 that were sold to the public as high quality sources of water. 277 00:16:16,850 --> 00:16:19,180 并不是所有的水资源都是平等的 But not all water is created equal. 278 00:16:21,390 --> 00:16:26,230 只有十亿分之一的水资源 是在地底被自然净化的 Only one billionth of one percent is filtered naturally beneath the Earth 279 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:28,610 而且还有丰富的矿物质 with a distinct balance of minerals 280 00:16:29,150 --> 00:16:30,860 才能被称作波兰泉水 to be called Poland Spring... 281 00:16:31,530 --> 00:16:33,110 箭头、泽弗希尔斯、奥匝卡、冰山 Arrowhead, Zephyrhills, Ozarka, Ice Mountain, Deer Park... 282 00:16:33,240 --> 00:16:35,990 鹿园 百分百都是矿泉水 100% natural spring water. 283 00:16:37,030 --> 00:16:39,790 为了保持销售高质量矿泉水 In order to keep selling premium spring water, 284 00:16:39,870 --> 00:16:42,410 瓶装水产业需要寻找新的水源 the bottled water industry had to find new sources. 285 00:16:42,500 --> 00:16:44,790 需要寻找新的泉眼 They had to find new springs, but the truth is 286 00:16:44,870 --> 00:16:50,590 但是事实是 自然的泉水 通常不会有那么多 that naturally flowing springs typically aren't very large in volume. 287 00:16:50,670 --> 00:16:51,920 他们的流量没有大到 They were not large enough 288 00:16:52,380 --> 00:16:55,720 可以符合大众对矿泉水的需求 to feed the massive growth in demand for spring water. 289 00:16:56,970 --> 00:17:01,060 雀巢和它的子公司想到了 一个独到的点子 Nestlé and its fellow bottlers found an ingenious solution. 290 00:17:01,890 --> 00:17:06,940 生活用水在美国由 国家环境保护局管理 Municipal water in the US is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency, 291 00:17:07,350 --> 00:17:10,270 但是瓶装水是由联邦级别的 but bottled water is controlled at the federal level 292 00:17:10,360 --> 00:17:12,570 美国食品药品监督管理局管控 by the Food and Drug Administration. 293 00:17:12,940 --> 00:17:16,610 所以瓶装水公司游说 美国食品药品监督管理局 So, the water bottlers lobbied the FDA 294 00:17:16,700 --> 00:17:19,490 制定一个对他们有利的矿泉水定义 to codify a very helpful definition of spring water. 295 00:17:19,990 --> 00:17:23,790 从1996年开始 雀巢和其他瓶装水公司 Ever since 1996, Nestlé or any other bottled water company 296 00:17:24,290 --> 00:17:28,630 可以售卖所谓的矿泉水 但其水源不一定来自真正的泉水 can sell so-called spring water without getting it straight from an actual spring. 297 00:17:28,710 --> 00:17:29,670 {\an8}（天然矿泉水） 298 00:17:29,750 --> 00:17:32,630 他们可以凿开地下含水层 They can just drill straight into an underground aquifer, 299 00:17:32,710 --> 00:17:37,760 只要这里连接着某处泉水 任何泉水即可 so long as it's connected, somewhere, to a spring, any spring. 300 00:17:38,390 --> 00:17:40,010 地下水的问题是 The trick with groundwater is 301 00:17:40,100 --> 00:17:43,770 如果你取水的速度 比自然恢复的速度要快 if you pump it out faster than nature naturally recharges it, 302 00:17:43,850 --> 00:17:45,350 地下水的水位会降低 groundwater levels drop. 303 00:17:45,730 --> 00:17:50,060 就好像一个浴缸 如果下水比注水快 It's like a bathtub. If the the drain is bigger than the faucet going in, 304 00:17:50,150 --> 00:17:51,400 浴缸的水位就会降低 the bathtub level drops. 305 00:17:53,650 --> 00:17:55,690 我们看着水井干涸 We're seeing wells dry up. 306 00:17:55,940 --> 00:17:59,660 看到由地下水流系统支持的溪流干涸 We're seeing streams that are fed by groundwater systems dry up, 307 00:17:59,740 --> 00:18:01,240 生态系统被破坏 and ecosystems be devastated. 308 00:18:01,330 --> 00:18:03,330 {\an8}（加拿大拒绝雀巢水） Streams should run free! 309 00:18:03,410 --> 00:18:06,290 雀巢水对于瓶装水工厂的建议 Nestlé's proposals for bottled water plants saw 310 00:18:06,370 --> 00:18:08,370 有越来越多的民众开始反对 greater and greater public opposition. 311 00:18:09,170 --> 00:18:11,500 这致使雀巢去其他地方 寻找可以建厂的地方 Say no to Nestlé. And that forced Nestlé to find places 312 00:18:11,500 --> 00:18:13,180 {\an8}（干净的水源是人类的权利） where they could build a plant, 313 00:18:13,180 --> 00:18:16,220 可以得到大量的地下水资源 where they could access large quantities of groundwater, 314 00:18:16,300 --> 00:18:19,090 也不会有太多公众反对 and where there would be a little less public opposition. 315 00:18:19,180 --> 00:18:20,760 {\an8}（水是生命之源 并非金钱之源） 316 00:18:20,840 --> 00:18:23,100 不确定那样的地方是否会存在 It's not at all clear that any such place exists. 317 00:18:23,180 --> 00:18:25,180 是谁的水？ Whose water is it? 318 00:18:25,560 --> 00:18:26,730 我们的！ Ours! 319 00:18:26,810 --> 00:18:28,560 是谁的水？ Whose water is it? 320 00:18:28,640 --> 00:18:29,520 我们的！ Ours! 321 00:18:30,900 --> 00:18:33,110 雀巢在康涅狄格州被控诉 Nestlé has been sued in Connecticut 322 00:18:33,190 --> 00:18:34,070 {\an8}（停止贪婪、专治、窃取） 323 00:18:34,150 --> 00:18:35,570 由于波兰泉水市场营销的真实性 over the truthfulness of Poland Spring marketing. 324 00:18:35,690 --> 00:18:38,650 在加州 环境学家在控诉联邦政府 In California, environmentalists sued the federal government 325 00:18:38,740 --> 00:18:41,620 让其停止雀巢继续用 过期的资格证提取水源 to stop Nestlé from pumping with an expired permit. 326 00:18:41,740 --> 00:18:43,580 资格证之后才被更新 The permit was then renewed. 327 00:18:43,660 --> 00:18:46,540 雀巢在密歇根州西部被控诉 And Nestlé is being sued in western Michigan 328 00:18:46,620 --> 00:18:49,790 因为当地居民非常憎恶他们 by residents who hate the idea 329 00:18:49,870 --> 00:18:52,290 用大量的密歇根州水 that Nestlé is making off with billions of gallons of Michigan water 330 00:18:52,380 --> 00:18:55,300 销往各处来赚取高额利润 and selling it anywhere they like at a huge profit. 331 00:18:56,630 --> 00:18:58,920 这里是最好的停车地方 This is about as good a cross as any. 332 00:19:04,140 --> 00:19:06,970 吉姆姆特伦是个退休的警察 Jim Maturen is a retired policeman. 333 00:19:07,060 --> 00:19:10,310 约翰麦克莱恩的工作是土地测量师 John McClane made a career as a land surveyor. 334 00:19:11,060 --> 00:19:15,690 他们现在是密歇根居民 水资源保护组织的领导者 Today, they are leaders of Michigan Citizens for Water Conservation. 335 00:19:16,780 --> 00:19:17,900 真正的密歇根人 Real Michigan. 336 00:19:19,440 --> 00:19:21,860 这座山？假的广告 This mountain? False advertising. 337 00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:25,330 你永远不会在密歇根找到一处雪山 You won't ever find a mountain of ice in Michigan. 338 00:19:26,450 --> 00:19:29,620 这两位是冲在 雀巢和当地居民战争中间 These two are the front-line troops 339 00:19:29,710 --> 00:19:31,670 最前线的人 in the never ending war between citizens and Nestlé. 340 00:19:32,080 --> 00:19:33,540 我让你领路 I'll let you lead the way there. 341 00:19:34,210 --> 00:19:36,500 342 00:19:36,500 --> 00:19:38,760 雪山不是在密歇根 Ice Mountain didn't start in Michigan. 343 00:19:39,510 --> 00:19:42,090 这座泉水的源头是缅因州 The original source of the spring was in Maine. 344 00:19:42,550 --> 00:19:44,390 然后雀巢在宾夕法尼亚州的 Then, Nestlé pumped Ice Mountain 345 00:19:44,470 --> 00:19:47,470 艾伦镇附近提取井水 out of wells drilled near Allentown, Pennsylvania. 346 00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:52,390 1999年 雀巢试着把他们的水泵 移到威斯康辛州 In 1999, Nestlé tried to move their pumps again, to Wisconsin. 347 00:19:52,900 --> 00:19:57,070 一如既往 他们这么做 引来了很多关注 As usual, the push to drill attracted plenty of attention. 348 00:19:58,150 --> 00:20:01,860 巴黎水公司或是其他发展的公司 The Perrier Group, or any other development company, 349 00:20:02,320 --> 00:20:04,200 必须要证明 is gonna have to prove 350 00:20:04,280 --> 00:20:08,290 这么做不会以环境为代价 that the proposed use is not gonna compromise the environment 351 00:20:08,370 --> 00:20:10,540 或是威胁到水资源 or endanger our water resources. 352 00:20:10,620 --> 00:20:11,790 如果他们可以做到 And if they do that, 353 00:20:12,370 --> 00:20:14,000 欢迎来到沃什拉县 uh, welcome to Waushara County. 354 00:20:14,710 --> 00:20:16,340 但是雀巢在威斯康辛州也被控诉 But Nestlé was sued in Wisconsin, too. 355 00:20:16,420 --> 00:20:17,630 {\an8}（鳟鱼规定） 356 00:20:17,750 --> 00:20:19,800 随着反对者呼声越来越高 As their opponents gathered momentum, 357 00:20:20,010 --> 00:20:22,840 雀巢放弃威斯康辛州 寻找别的地方 Nestlé gave up on Wisconsin and looked elsewhere. 358 00:20:22,930 --> 00:20:27,260 我认为他们是看到了茶叶 所以来密歇根州确认水源 I think they saw the tea leaves and so came to Michigan to identify a source of water 359 00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:32,390 看是否满足他们的运作 that might be sufficient for their operation. 360 00:20:33,480 --> 00:20:34,770 是一个明智之举 It was a smart move. 361 00:20:34,850 --> 00:20:38,270 几百万年的地质变化 使得密歇根州 Millions of years of geologic change have made Michigan the epicenter 362 00:20:38,360 --> 00:20:41,030 成为北美淡水资源中心 of fresh water in North America. 363 00:20:41,690 --> 00:20:44,570 雀巢就驻扎在了圣殿泉 Nestlé settled on a site called Sanctuary Springs. 364 00:20:44,660 --> 00:20:47,490 他们申请从地下每天 They filed applications to pump about half a million gallons 365 00:20:47,570 --> 00:20:48,990 抽取190万升水 out of the ground every day. 366 00:20:49,740 --> 00:20:52,580 他们知道会遇到争议 The company anticipated controversy. 367 00:20:52,660 --> 00:20:56,210 雀巢在全州奔走 Nestlé had gone around the state 368 00:20:56,290 --> 00:20:59,630 总结了一份非常完美的报告 and had developed a very nice, glossy report 369 00:20:59,710 --> 00:21:02,550 和全州的很多团体分享 that they shared with lots of groups, 370 00:21:02,630 --> 00:21:06,390 还有环境团体 公共利益团体 environmental groups, public interest groups all over the state. 371 00:21:06,970 --> 00:21:12,890 那份报告基本上是说 “你不用担心 And the report basically said, "You really don't have to worry. 372 00:21:12,980 --> 00:21:16,190 这会带来工作 经济 还有税收 This is jobs, economy, tax base. 373 00:21:17,020 --> 00:21:19,360 我们提取水源不会伤害任何人” We're not taking enough water to hurt anybody." 374 00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:23,190 吉姆奥尔森是特拉弗斯城的公益律师 Jim Olson is a public-interest lawyer in Traverse City. 375 00:21:23,860 --> 00:21:27,030 2000年 密歇根居民水资源保护组织 In 2000, Michigan Citizens for Water Conservation, 376 00:21:27,110 --> 00:21:29,280 不相信雀巢的报告 unpersuaded by Nestlé's assurances, 377 00:21:29,410 --> 00:21:32,830 雇佣了奥尔森来对抗这个喝水巨人 hired Olson to stand up to the thirsty giant. 378 00:21:32,910 --> 00:21:35,960 我这些年来代表了很多机构 I've represented lots of organizations over the years. 379 00:21:36,040 --> 00:21:41,420 压力非常大 迈出那一步的压力很大 The pressure is right here in the throat. The anxiety of making that step is huge. 380 00:21:41,500 --> 00:21:44,300 尤其是 你要知道 Particularly with a, you know... 381 00:21:44,550 --> 00:21:47,550 一边是一个巨大的公司 On the one side, a massive company 382 00:21:47,630 --> 00:21:50,510 相对来说没有经济限制 that has no financial limits, comparatively. 383 00:21:50,600 --> 00:21:54,310 公司可以提出动议 做任何他们想做的事情 Well, companies can file motions and do what they want to do, 384 00:21:54,810 --> 00:21:56,480 每个案子有自己的寿命 and it has a life of its own. 385 00:21:56,890 --> 00:21:59,440 这个案子已经八、九年了 This one happened to have a life of eight or nine years. 386 00:22:01,020 --> 00:22:03,900 雀巢的律师很多时候 都是花时间在法庭上 Nestlé lawyers spend a lot of time in courtrooms. 387 00:22:04,030 --> 00:22:07,200 2016年 雀巢面临指控 Since 2016, Nestlé has faced accusations 388 00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:09,870 在非洲的巧克力产业 使用奴隶劳工 of slave labor in their African chocolate business 389 00:22:10,530 --> 00:22:12,330 还有在宠物食品行业 and in their pet food business. 390 00:22:12,660 --> 00:22:14,910 在印度 他们在打官司 They fought a lawsuit claiming that there's lead 391 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:16,580 被控面条里有铅成分 in the noodles they make in India 392 00:22:16,960 --> 00:22:19,790 他们还被控诉 在美国制作的婴儿奶粉包装上 and another claiming that there are lies on the labels 393 00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:22,090 有不实信息 of the baby formula they make in the US. 394 00:22:22,460 --> 00:22:25,210 这都不算关于水的官司 And that's not counting all the water lawsuits. 395 00:22:32,350 --> 00:22:33,220 你准备好了吗？ You ready? 396 00:22:34,680 --> 00:22:36,890 但是奥尔森的争论是非常直接的 But Olson's argument was straightforward. 397 00:22:37,270 --> 00:22:40,270 雀巢对于他们对水资源的影响 轻描淡写 That Nestlé was downplaying the impact of their pumping, 398 00:22:40,350 --> 00:22:43,190 他们的瓶装水生意在掏空 and that their bottling would significantly deplete 399 00:22:43,320 --> 00:22:44,690 当地的水资源 local water resources. 400 00:22:45,530 --> 00:22:47,990 -我们失去了28厘米的水 -是啊 -We lost about 14 inches of water. -Yeah. Yeah. 401 00:22:48,360 --> 00:22:53,120 是啊 当一个人在超市买瓶装水的时候 When a person buys a bottled water in the grocery store, 402 00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:56,540 当他们看到包装上的“矿泉水” when they see "spring water" on that bottle, as opposed to not, 403 00:22:57,290 --> 00:23:00,540 他们实际上在喝的是 they're drinking water that comes from a spring 404 00:23:00,620 --> 00:23:03,290 形成一个湖泊或溪流的水 每喝一小口水 that forms a lake or stream. So every time they take a sip, 405 00:23:03,420 --> 00:23:05,460 他们都是在掏空这口水所属于的 they're depriving that lake or stream 406 00:23:05,550 --> 00:23:07,210 那个湖或者溪水 of the water that it would have been entitled to. 407 00:23:11,800 --> 00:23:12,680 奥尔森赢了 Olson won. 408 00:23:13,550 --> 00:23:15,600 法官停止了雀巢的水泵 The judge in the case shut down Nestlé's pumps. 409 00:23:18,020 --> 00:23:20,100 然后雀巢就搬到了艾瓦特 And that's when Nestlé moved on to Evart 410 00:23:20,230 --> 00:23:22,850 开始从镇上的井里买水 and began buying water from the town's wells. 411 00:23:24,560 --> 00:23:26,860 现在 这个公司干嘛要卖矿泉水？ Now, why does a company even sell spring water? 412 00:23:26,940 --> 00:23:31,110 这是个市场卖点 和任何事都没关系 It's a marketing niche. It has nothing to do with anything else. 413 00:23:31,360 --> 00:23:32,990 这是个市场卖点 It's a marketing niche, 414 00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:36,200 这么做的公司 相信他们的水可以卖的更多 and I think companies that do that believe that they can sell their water for more. 415 00:23:36,200 --> 00:23:37,600 {\an8}（冰山天然矿泉水） 416 00:23:38,750 --> 00:23:40,870 奥尔森的胜利只是暂时的 Olson's victory was temporary. 417 00:23:45,380 --> 00:23:47,800 雀巢的律师让水龙头再次打开 Nestlé's lawyers got the taps turned on again 418 00:23:47,880 --> 00:23:51,680 这次是在圣殿湖 比原来的取水量减掉一半 at Sanctuary Springs at half of their original volume. 419 00:23:52,630 --> 00:23:54,140 为了保险起见 So just to hedge their bets, 420 00:23:54,220 --> 00:23:58,430 他们启动了艾瓦特附近的资源 从那里也提取水源 Nestlé activated a well near Evart and started pumping there, too. 421 00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:01,020 在西北部 To the northwest, 422 00:24:01,600 --> 00:24:06,400 雀巢从自己的水资源 获取矿泉水 that's where Nestlé acquires the water from their own property. 423 00:24:06,940 --> 00:24:09,900 他们从这里取水 因为这里是泉水所在的地方 They tap water from this site because this is where the springs are. 424 00:24:09,990 --> 00:24:11,320 {\an8}（约翰麦克莱恩 活动家） 425 00:24:11,740 --> 00:24:14,700 他们为了这么做 拿到了使用权 They have a use permit in order to do that. 426 00:24:14,780 --> 00:24:20,370 这里完美适合攫取 60米深的地下水 So, it's perfectly situated by virtue of being drilled 196 feet deep. 427 00:24:22,250 --> 00:24:25,000 现在雀巢更加贪心 And now, Nestlé wants more. 428 00:24:25,630 --> 00:24:27,380 这里的取水量 It has applied to nearly double 429 00:24:27,460 --> 00:24:29,500 几乎是两倍之多 the extraction of water from the ground here. 430 00:24:30,210 --> 00:24:31,090 再一次 So once again, 431 00:24:31,170 --> 00:24:35,260 密歇根居民水资源保护组织 控诉要阻止他们 Michigan Citizens for Water Conservation have sued to stop them. 432 00:24:36,180 --> 00:24:40,310 吉姆姆特伦和约翰麦克莱恩 一起工作 And Jim Maturen and John McClane are working to demonstrate 433 00:24:40,520 --> 00:24:43,100 证明雀巢的提取对分水线 已经造成了破坏 that this pumping has already harmed the watershed, 434 00:24:43,560 --> 00:24:45,730 提高取水量只会更糟糕 and turning up the tap will only be worse. 435 00:24:47,150 --> 00:24:50,070 这里是齐佩瓦溪流的源头 This is the headwaters of Chippewa Creek right here. 436 00:24:50,940 --> 00:24:53,490 看到那边的苔藓了吗？ You see some of that moss lying there? 437 00:24:53,820 --> 00:24:55,740 看到那边裸露的树根？ You see those exposed roots there? 438 00:24:56,160 --> 00:24:58,410 水位线本应该要比那里高的 That water would have been above that point. 439 00:24:58,780 --> 00:25:01,370 可能在过去15年内是这样 Probably in the last 15 years or so. 440 00:25:08,040 --> 00:25:11,460 这些特别兴趣小组 他们并不是科学家 These special interest groups, they're not scientists. 441 00:25:11,550 --> 00:25:13,340 他们不明白 They don't understand really. 442 00:25:13,420 --> 00:25:16,800 他们只看到水位的上升和下降 They just see the levels come up and go down in the creeks and stuff, 443 00:25:16,890 --> 00:25:20,850 他们就是用那个作为例子 说溪水在紧缩 and they always use that as an example where the creeks are shrinking. 444 00:25:21,930 --> 00:25:25,350 几乎没有真实的数据 几乎没有真实的科学 There's very little actual data. There's very little actual science. 445 00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:30,070 一方面 你有雀巢给你提供很多数据 On the one side, you have Nestlé, all of whose data, you know, 446 00:25:30,320 --> 00:25:33,110 可以很神奇地显示没有影响 magically shows that they are having no impact. 447 00:25:33,360 --> 00:25:35,030 当然是他们自己的研究 That comes from their own studies. 448 00:25:35,280 --> 00:25:36,820 另一方面 你时常有 And on the other side, 449 00:25:36,910 --> 00:25:39,030 社区活跃分子 在这里居住了50年的居民 you often have community members who've been there 50 years 450 00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:44,040 非常确信 提取水会对溪流有影响 and absolutely are certain that that pumping is damaging the streams 451 00:25:44,370 --> 00:25:46,790 那些溪流是他们从小看到大的 that they've, you know, been watching since they were children. 452 00:25:51,750 --> 00:25:53,130 只有这么多水了 Well, there's that much water. 453 00:25:59,260 --> 00:26:03,470 雀巢公司没有派代表 来参与拍摄这部纪录片 Nestlé did not make a representative available to appear in this documentary. 454 00:26:03,850 --> 00:26:07,190 取而代之的是 他们提供一个 关于所有问题的回答 Instead, they provided a statement answering written questions. 455 00:26:10,150 --> 00:26:13,820 公司的这份声明表示 若没有保护水资源 The company's statement asserted that investing in the Michigan operation 456 00:26:13,900 --> 00:26:16,900 就在密歇根州投资运作的话 without safeguarding the water resource would, quote, 457 00:26:17,150 --> 00:26:19,280 是“贬低了我们公司的成功 "undermine the success of our business 458 00:26:19,360 --> 00:26:23,120 也与公司持有的做人做事的理念背道而驰” and go against every value we hold as people and as a company." 459 00:26:24,040 --> 00:26:27,160 2019年五月 雀巢宣布 And in May 2019, Nestlé announced 460 00:26:27,250 --> 00:26:31,040 美国地质调查一直在监控 that the US Geologic Survey is monitoring water levels 461 00:26:31,130 --> 00:26:32,880 齐佩瓦和双子湖的水位 in Chippewa Creek and Twin Creek. 462 00:26:33,670 --> 00:26:35,840 是由密歇根环境河流资源部门 Technically, the effort is coordinated 463 00:26:35,920 --> 00:26:38,930 协调完成的 by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy. 464 00:26:40,010 --> 00:26:43,260 但是雀巢 这个希望第三方数据 可以客观平息公众的反对的公司 But Nestlé, which hopes that objective third-party data 465 00:26:43,350 --> 00:26:45,970 却在为这个报告买单 will calm public opposition, is paying. 466 00:26:48,230 --> 00:26:51,480 要知道这很难 当所有人都来找你麻烦 You know, it's hard when everybody comes after you. 467 00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:57,360 你会总是很丢脸 因为为自己辩解很难 You can't always throw your face out there 'cause it's always hard to defend yourself 468 00:26:57,380 --> 00:27:00,380 尤其是各方面都做的很完美的时候 他们是保守主义者 when you're doing everything perfect. They are conservationists. 469 00:27:00,380 --> 00:27:02,780 相信我 他们想要这份水资源 Trust me. They want this water, 470 00:27:02,870 --> 00:27:05,370 他们和我们一样 希望这份水资源可以长寿 and they want it to last as long as we want it to last. 471 00:27:05,830 --> 00:27:09,000 他们为什么在当地社区 投资百万美金之后 Why would they want to dry up when they invested million dollar- 472 00:27:09,080 --> 00:27:11,080 希望水资源消耗殆尽呢？ millions of dollars in this community? 473 00:27:11,540 --> 00:27:13,130 所以 他们知道自己在做什么 So, they know what they're doing. 474 00:27:14,090 --> 00:27:15,500 我个人是这么认为的 I personally believe that. 475 00:27:16,210 --> 00:27:17,050 但是… But... 476 00:27:18,630 --> 00:27:21,090 他们总是被批评 这不公平 they're always picked on, and it's not fair. 477 00:27:22,510 --> 00:27:26,220 如今 雀巢的水泵每天从 密歇根的水井里 Today, Nestlé pumps 1.1 million gallons of water 478 00:27:26,310 --> 00:27:28,390 抽取400万升的水 from its Michigan wells every day. 479 00:27:29,020 --> 00:27:31,350 尽管有各种官司和抗议 In spite of every lawsuit and protest, 480 00:27:31,440 --> 00:27:36,440 2005年起 雀巢已经提取了110亿升水 since 2005, Nestlé has pumped more than three billion gallons. 481 00:27:37,860 --> 00:27:42,410 以零售价来说 那就相当于是两百亿美金 At retail prices, that can be worth as much as $20 billion on the shelf. 482 00:27:44,410 --> 00:27:48,910 如今 雀巢掌控了将近三分之一的 美国瓶装水市场 Today, Nestlé controls nearly a third of the US bottled water market. 483 00:27:50,040 --> 00:27:51,500 谁拥有这份水资源？ Who owns this water? 484 00:27:53,830 --> 00:27:58,460 某人新奇的观点就是 推广水 包装水 This is a new idea of somebody's to market water, and package it, 485 00:27:59,010 --> 00:28:00,260 然后从中获利 and make a lot of money off it. 486 00:28:00,970 --> 00:28:02,550 但是水是公用的资源 But it's all public water. 487 00:28:03,640 --> 00:28:08,180 你怎么可以提取一部分的水资源 像是地下水 And how can you take a segment of water, like groundwater, this part of an arc, 488 00:28:08,930 --> 00:28:12,480 让一些人放到瓶子里 然后称作是自己私有的产品？ and let somebody put it into a bottle and call it their own? 489 00:28:13,730 --> 00:28:18,150 然后还赚着几十亿美金 通过销售这些瓶装水 And they make billions of dollars off the selling of the bottle of water, 490 00:28:18,650 --> 00:28:21,150 而其他人一无所有 and these people get nothing. 491 00:28:22,610 --> 00:28:24,070 这份矿泉水生意 The spring water business, 492 00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:26,950 19世纪关于健康和养生的迷思 and its 19th century myth about health and wellness, 493 00:28:27,030 --> 00:28:29,540 开始了人们对瓶装水的沉迷 started the bottled water craze. 494 00:28:29,910 --> 00:28:31,410 但是这只是开始 But it was only the beginning. 495 00:28:31,660 --> 00:28:36,290 20世纪90年代 瓶装水 找到了新的盈利方式 In the 1990s, bottlers found a new way to profit off of water 496 00:28:36,750 --> 00:28:38,000 完全不需要提取水 without all the hassle of drilling for it. 497 00:28:38,090 --> 00:28:39,380 {\an8}（饮用水 纯净水? 美国药典） 498 00:28:39,460 --> 00:28:41,260 他们称之为纯净水 They called it purified water. 499 00:28:41,550 --> 00:28:43,260 百事先这么做 然后是可口可乐公司 Pepsi first, and then Coke, 500 00:28:43,340 --> 00:28:49,350 （可口可乐装瓶公司中西部） 他们把整个国家都变成瓶装工厂 they had the entire country covered by bottling plants. 501 00:28:49,510 --> 00:28:51,680 他们使用大量的水资源 They used enormous amounts of water. 502 00:28:51,770 --> 00:28:55,980 可口可乐公司 百事公司 百分之95 百分之93的水 Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, 95, 93% water. 503 00:28:56,350 --> 00:28:59,900 他们所要做的就是发现美国人 And all they had to do was figure out whether Americans would drink 504 00:29:00,480 --> 00:29:03,450 是否会喝一种品牌水 a branded version of water 505 00:29:03,450 --> 00:29:06,500 而这个品牌不是“矿泉水” that wasn't quote-unquote "spring water." 506 00:29:07,570 --> 00:29:09,490 纯水乐是百事公司的 Aquafina is owned by Pepsi. 507 00:29:10,030 --> 00:29:13,040 Dasani是可口可乐公司 Dasani is owned by Coca-Cola. 508 00:29:13,120 --> 00:29:16,420 这两个品牌就包含了百分之20 Together, those two are about 20%, 509 00:29:16,500 --> 00:29:19,790 比百分之20多一些的 全美瓶装水生意 20, little more than 20% of all the bottled water in America. 510 00:29:20,380 --> 00:29:22,590 纯水乐和Dasani是自来水 Aquafina and Dasani are tap water. 511 00:29:22,920 --> 00:29:24,220 可口可乐和百事做的是 And what Coke and Pepsi do is they take water 512 00:29:24,300 --> 00:29:27,470 把已经是干净的饮用水取来 that is already clean, safe drinking water, 513 00:29:27,970 --> 00:29:29,930 通过逆渗透 and they run it through reverse osmosis 514 00:29:30,010 --> 00:29:32,470 去除掉水里的所有东西 to get literally everything that's in the water 515 00:29:32,560 --> 00:29:36,100 这些操作是在奥斯丁 辛辛那提 西雅图 或者奥兰多进行 in Austin, or Cincinnati, or Seattle, or Orlando out of it. 516 00:29:37,310 --> 00:29:40,440 然后加进一些配方 And then they add back in a little recipe, 517 00:29:40,520 --> 00:29:43,780 一小袋矿物质 a little envelope of minerals, 518 00:29:44,030 --> 00:29:47,070 因为完全的纯净水 because totally pure water, distilled water, 519 00:29:47,160 --> 00:29:50,030 蒸馏水 味道并不好喝 really tastes unappealing. 520 00:29:50,120 --> 00:29:52,120 {\an8}（纯净饮用水） 521 00:29:52,620 --> 00:29:56,210 所以如果你在西礁岛 购买Dasani瓶装水 That's also why if you buy a bottle of Dasani in Key West, 522 00:29:56,290 --> 00:30:00,080 和在芝加哥买的是一样的味道 or you buy a bottle of Dasani in Chicago, they taste exactly the same. 523 00:30:00,170 --> 00:30:03,170 相当于把水快餐化 It's sort of the McDonald's hamburgerization of water. 524 00:30:07,050 --> 00:30:10,050 他们把公用的净化水 They're taking water purified in a public system. 525 00:30:10,140 --> 00:30:12,310 变成了商品 They're turning it into a commercial product. 526 00:30:12,930 --> 00:30:15,310 相当于是把公共资源变为私有产品 It's turning a public resource into a private good. 527 00:30:17,940 --> 00:30:22,150 瓶装水比自来水贵多了 Bottled water is ridiculously expensive compared to tap water, 528 00:30:22,230 --> 00:30:24,400 我们所生活的国家 and it is remarkable that we live in a country 529 00:30:24,480 --> 00:30:27,450 每天厕所水的水质相比 where our toilets have better quality water, 530 00:30:28,070 --> 00:30:34,620 世界三分之一国家的水质都要好 真的是非常棒 literally, than the water that about a third or more of the world has access to every day. 531 00:30:38,210 --> 00:30:41,130 如今 那些三分之一的 水资源贫乏地区 Today, that water-starved third of the planet 532 00:30:41,210 --> 00:30:43,000 才是真正赚钱的地方 is where the serious money is. 533 00:30:43,550 --> 00:30:45,510 由于纯净水的成功 Thanks to the success of purified water, 534 00:30:45,590 --> 00:30:49,680 大部分的瓶装水销量 现在进入了发展中国家 a majority of bottled water sales now happen in the developing world. 535 00:30:51,720 --> 00:30:53,810 当你无法获取卫生的饮用水时 When you don't have access to safe water, 536 00:30:53,890 --> 00:30:56,850 当政府无法满足基本的水资源安全 when governments have failed to meet basic needs for water, 537 00:30:57,430 --> 00:30:59,560 瓶装水产业闪亮登场 the bottled water industry has stepped in. 538 00:30:59,850 --> 00:31:01,230 所以我们会看到 And so we see 539 00:31:02,020 --> 00:31:07,070 在世界贫穷地区无处不在的瓶装水 almost ubiquitous bottled water in the poorest parts of the world, 540 00:31:07,440 --> 00:31:10,280 而这些地方甚至买不起瓶装水 where the poorer communities can't buy bottled water. 541 00:31:14,330 --> 00:31:20,120 这样商品化水资源 This productized world of water doesn't do anything 542 00:31:20,290 --> 00:31:23,960 并不能真正帮助需要水的人 to get water to people in the world who desperately need it. 543 00:31:29,170 --> 00:31:33,430 尼日利亚的水资源比其他 非洲国家都要好 Nigeria has better water resources than many African countries, 544 00:31:33,550 --> 00:31:36,510 有很多地表水和地下水 plenty of surface water and substantial aquifers, 545 00:31:37,930 --> 00:31:41,560 但是这个国家正在经历 巨大的水资源危机 and yet the country is struggling with a massive water crisis. 546 00:31:44,310 --> 00:31:46,610 拉各斯是非洲最大的城市 Lagos is the largest city in Africa, 547 00:31:47,070 --> 00:31:50,150 约有2100万人口 with an estimated population of 21 million people. 548 00:31:50,570 --> 00:31:54,990 1900万人口没有公共水资源享用 Nineteen million have no access to government or municipal water. 549 00:31:55,580 --> 00:32:00,620 这个程度的人道主义危机 是西方人无法想象的 It is a humanitarian crisis on a scale most westerners can barely imagine. 550 00:32:01,080 --> 00:32:05,590 现如今 在尼日利亚的 高级瓶装水销量 And today, sales of high-quality, premium bottled water in Nigeria 551 00:32:05,670 --> 00:32:08,000 可以达到每年60亿美金 exceed $6 billion a year. 552 00:32:08,460 --> 00:32:13,890 拉各斯的饮水问题相当严重 The drinking water situation in Lagos is one of the major disasters. 553 00:32:14,680 --> 00:32:16,930 该有水的地方没有水 Water doesn't run when it should, 554 00:32:17,180 --> 00:32:19,600 即使有水了 也不够卫生 无法饮用 and even when it runs, 555 00:32:19,680 --> 00:32:21,350 {\an8}（菲利普查格波 尼日利亚地球之友项目官员） the water is not that clean or safe to drink. 556 00:32:23,140 --> 00:32:25,900 在欧久度 我们没有任何水 We don't have water for use in Ojodu at all, at all, no water. 557 00:32:25,980 --> 00:32:27,690 -我们在受苦 -也没有政府送来的水 We are suffering here. 558 00:32:27,770 --> 00:32:29,820 没有政府的水 完全没有任何水 No government water here at all. No government water. 559 00:32:29,900 --> 00:32:32,570 我的发廊在那里 只有在这个地方 我能买水 My salon is there. It's only this place, I buy water. 560 00:32:32,650 --> 00:32:34,410 -每天都是 -如果这里没水 If there's no water for here, 561 00:32:34,490 --> 00:32:36,950 欧久度哪里都没有水 no water for Ojodu everywhere. 562 00:32:37,620 --> 00:32:42,290 公共自来水资源向城市大部分提供水 一直到20世纪90年代 A system of public taps delivered water to much of the city until the 1990s, 563 00:32:42,750 --> 00:32:47,290 但是拉各斯的人口膨胀 水资源系统却被忽视了 but as Lagos's population exploded, the water system was neglected. 564 00:32:47,630 --> 00:32:51,800 很多人不相信水资源的原因之一 One of the reasons why the people don't trust the water, also, 565 00:32:51,880 --> 00:32:55,590 是因为大部分的水管道都是 经过排水沟 is because most of the pipes go through the gutter. 566 00:32:56,010 --> 00:33:00,520 如她所说 这根管道20年前就坏掉了 And like she has said, this pipe was broken 20 years ago. 567 00:33:00,600 --> 00:33:02,810 -20年 自从2000年开始 -他们还没有来修复 -20 years, since 2000. -They have not come to fix it. 568 00:33:02,890 --> 00:33:05,270 他们已经抱怨过了 They have complained. They've complained. 569 00:33:05,350 --> 00:33:07,770 20年来都没有使用了 是的 It's not used since 20 years ago, yes. 570 00:33:23,750 --> 00:33:25,080 根据联合国 According to the United Nations, 571 00:33:25,370 --> 00:33:28,040 一个四口之家 每天要使用 189升水 a family of four needs about 50 gallons a day 572 00:33:28,250 --> 00:33:30,550 用来饮用、做饭、洗澡和清洁 to drink, cook, bathe, and clean. 573 00:33:31,250 --> 00:33:34,010 很多拉各斯人根本达不到这个数量 Most Lagosians get nowhere close to that amount. 574 00:33:36,590 --> 00:33:40,640 一些幸运的人可以拿到水 只要邻居够慷慨 Some lucky ones get what water they can from a generous neighbor. 575 00:33:42,640 --> 00:33:45,810 你需要洗东西 洗澡 还有很多想做的事情 You need to do washing. You need to bathe. You want to do so many things. 576 00:33:45,890 --> 00:33:47,060 任何要清洁的方面 都需要水 Anything you want to do for cleanliness, you need water, 577 00:33:47,150 --> 00:33:48,100 {\an8}（博森阿德寇亚 拉各斯居民） 578 00:33:48,190 --> 00:33:50,820 这里没有任何水 and there's none, none at all. 579 00:33:52,150 --> 00:33:52,980 早上好 Morning. 580 00:33:53,820 --> 00:33:58,070 博森阿德寇亚 比大部分拉各斯人富有很多 Bosun Adekoya is far wealthier than most of his fellow Lagosians. 581 00:33:58,160 --> 00:33:59,660 他是投资银行家 He's an investment banker, 582 00:33:59,740 --> 00:34:02,660 是尼日利亚股票经纪人有限公司 执行主席 the managing director of Nigerian Stock Brokers Limited. 583 00:34:03,120 --> 00:34:05,460 但是政府也没有给他可用水 But the government doesn't give him water either. 584 00:34:06,790 --> 00:34:09,380 阿德寇亚在他自己的土地上钻井 Adekoya drilled under his own property 585 00:34:09,380 --> 00:34:12,880 直到达到了几十米深的地下水 until he broke into an aquifer hundreds of feet below the city. 586 00:34:13,550 --> 00:34:18,590 在尼日利亚的拉各斯 有庞大的水资源 There is a mass gap of water supply in Lagos, Nigeria. 587 00:34:19,090 --> 00:34:21,890 我从1999年就在这里住 I have been in this neighborhood since 1999. 588 00:34:23,220 --> 00:34:25,180 我挖了个深井 I sunk a deep borehole, 589 00:34:26,140 --> 00:34:27,390 给我自己使用 of course for my use. 590 00:34:28,810 --> 00:34:31,440 这就是水来源的那口井 This is the borehole where this water comes from. 591 00:34:33,940 --> 00:34:35,570 比他需要的提供的还要多 With more water than he needs, 592 00:34:35,650 --> 00:34:38,240 对于他的邻居来说 他就是一个人的水利局 he's a one-man water department for his neighbors. 593 00:34:42,450 --> 00:34:44,990 人们从我的房子取水 People are collecting water from my house. 594 00:34:45,120 --> 00:34:47,460 这很必要 It became necessary because of the gap, 595 00:34:47,830 --> 00:34:51,290 人们需要饮用水来喝 uh, this need for people who have potable water to drink. 596 00:34:57,510 --> 00:35:00,430 但是这个系统是有风险的 But these ad hoc systems come with risks. 597 00:35:02,510 --> 00:35:04,100 水没有被测试过 The water is untested. 598 00:35:06,560 --> 00:35:11,020 分析表示拉各斯的地下水是被污染的 Analysis has shown that the water underneath Lagos is contaminated 599 00:35:11,100 --> 00:35:13,650 里面有废金属和人类废弃物 with toxic metals and human waste. 600 00:35:14,110 --> 00:35:17,610 这个城市的垃圾场 正在向这里的地下水 The city's vast waste dump sites are leeching poisons 601 00:35:17,690 --> 00:35:18,820 渗透有害物质 into the underground water. 602 00:35:19,530 --> 00:35:20,820 在戈嘎达区这里 In the Gbagada quarter, 603 00:35:20,910 --> 00:35:23,950 这个水龙头被当地居民 用来获取饮用水 this tap was eagerly used by residents for drinking water 604 00:35:24,620 --> 00:35:26,160 直到他们开始生病 until they began to fall ill. 605 00:35:28,250 --> 00:35:30,750 第一次喝这个水 The first time we drink this water, 606 00:35:31,120 --> 00:35:32,500 我们都生病了 we fell sick 607 00:35:32,580 --> 00:35:34,710 {\an8}（费服阿楚 拉各斯居民） 608 00:35:34,790 --> 00:35:37,510 因为水非常不好 because of the water is not, is not good. 609 00:35:37,880 --> 00:35:39,130 我那时候很虚弱 I was weak. 610 00:35:39,550 --> 00:35:41,180 我甚至去不了学校 I can't even go to school. 611 00:35:41,800 --> 00:35:43,760 我很害怕 担心死掉 I was scared, maybe I would die. 612 00:35:44,260 --> 00:35:46,260 但是是上帝的力量 But it was the power of God 613 00:35:47,220 --> 00:35:49,350 还有医生帮助我恢复健康 and the doctor that helped me regain again. 614 00:35:50,770 --> 00:35:53,310 现在好了 大家都开心 It is better, and all of us are happier. 615 00:35:53,900 --> 00:35:56,610 我们都被治愈了 我们可以出去玩 We are healed again. We can play outside. 616 00:36:05,530 --> 00:36:11,000 未经测试的水井 是很多没有水资源的贫穷人的来源 Still, untested boreholes are the source for many of the city's waterless poor. 617 00:36:16,670 --> 00:36:19,090 水推车商贩从水井主人那里购买 Pushcart vendors buy from borehole owners, 618 00:36:19,210 --> 00:36:23,510 然后用油桶全天候 将水运到城里各个地方 then move the water through the city from dawn till dusk in jerricans. 619 00:36:25,140 --> 00:36:27,850 拿你的水 付我钱 Just fetch your water, pay me my money, 620 00:36:27,970 --> 00:36:29,350 然后离开 去卖吧 and go away. Go sell it. 621 00:36:32,890 --> 00:36:35,440 这些人带着推车到处移动 You have these men moving with carts. 622 00:36:36,190 --> 00:36:38,610 在推车上的就是水 In those carts, you have gallons of water. 623 00:36:38,690 --> 00:36:41,110 所以 人们都从那里买水 So, people buy from them. 624 00:36:45,450 --> 00:36:46,910 如果从这些推车上买水 If they buy it from these carts, 625 00:36:46,990 --> 00:36:49,790 那一个家庭的水钱是一个月50美金 a family's basic ration will cost $50 a month, 626 00:36:51,120 --> 00:36:54,670 对于一个大部分人每天花费两美金 的国家来说 这是个重担 a hefty burden when most of the country lives on two dollars a day. 627 00:37:07,760 --> 00:37:12,730 在手推商贩之下 还有一个销售将近四千种塑料瓶 Below the pushcarts, there's a chaotic market of nearly 4,000 different outfits 628 00:37:12,980 --> 00:37:16,270 以及俗称小袋的混乱市场 hawking plastic bottles or bags known as sachets. 629 00:37:19,650 --> 00:37:23,030 这个无情变幻莫测的水市场 This ruthless, swirling marketplace for water presented 630 00:37:23,110 --> 00:37:25,860 代表了昭然若揭的生意机会 an all-too-obvious business opportunity. 631 00:37:28,030 --> 00:37:30,080 这里的市场分化成两级 It's created a dual market. 632 00:37:30,330 --> 00:37:31,370 一个是… It's created a... 633 00:37:31,790 --> 00:37:34,250 富人可以买到卫生用水 a market where the rich buy safe water, 634 00:37:34,330 --> 00:37:38,000 一个是穷人喝污染的水而生病 and the poor drink contaminated water and get sick. 635 00:37:42,090 --> 00:37:44,800 瓶装水公司 There's no doubt that bottled water companies are profiting 636 00:37:44,880 --> 00:37:48,340 利用政府没有满足 基本用水卫生和安全这点来获利 from the failure of governments to meet basic needs 637 00:37:48,430 --> 00:37:50,390 毋庸置疑 for safe water and sanitation. 638 00:37:50,470 --> 00:37:53,220 这使得大批人 And that leaves out the vast numbers of people 639 00:37:53,310 --> 00:37:56,020 没办法负担饮用水 也永远无法负担 who can never afford and will never be able to afford 640 00:37:56,100 --> 00:37:57,350 购买瓶装水 to buy bottled water. 641 00:37:58,730 --> 00:38:00,860 在这里的豪华瓶装水 Sales of premium bottled water here 642 00:38:00,940 --> 00:38:04,690 在过去十年里 每年销量上升了百分之七 have climbed seven percent a year for the last ten years. 643 00:38:05,900 --> 00:38:10,620 这些销售巨头是 可口可乐、百事还有雀巢 Sitting at the top of the market are Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Nestlé. 644 00:38:11,330 --> 00:38:12,740 对于普通尼日利亚人来说 For the average Nigerian, 645 00:38:12,830 --> 00:38:16,620 买一瓶这样的水要花掉半天的工资 a single bottle of this kind of water costs about a half a day's pay. 646 00:38:16,710 --> 00:38:18,500 {\an8}（纯水乐） 647 00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:24,210 也就是说 大部分是有钱人 饮用这些水 That means it's mostly drunk by the wealthy 648 00:38:24,800 --> 00:38:27,720 还有尼日利亚日渐增加的中产阶级 and Nigeria's swiftly expanding middle class. 649 00:38:30,590 --> 00:38:35,220 很多人 如果可以负担得起 会买瓶装水 More and more people, they can afford the bottled water, which they trust. 650 00:38:42,060 --> 00:38:43,940 会把冰箱放满水 他们储藏水 Their fridges are stocked, they store them, 651 00:38:44,400 --> 00:38:45,900 这是个大生意 so it's this big business. 652 00:38:49,070 --> 00:38:53,580 雀巢2005年在拉各斯建立了 它第一个工厂 Nestlé built its first plant in Nigeria near Lagos in 2005. 653 00:38:54,160 --> 00:38:59,040 他们利用反渗透净化水 和Dasani还有纯水乐一样的程序 It uses reverse osmosis, the same process that purifies Dasani and Aquafina. 654 00:38:59,580 --> 00:39:02,840 雀巢霸占了美国 Nestlé has dominated what we call the spring water market 655 00:39:02,920 --> 00:39:03,920 矿泉水市场 in the United States, 656 00:39:04,710 --> 00:39:09,260 但是雀巢有一款非矿泉水品牌 but Nestlé also has a processed, non-spring water brand 657 00:39:09,340 --> 00:39:10,550 他们称为优活品牌 that they call Pure Life, 658 00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:12,890 大批销往发展中国家 largely created for the developing world, 659 00:39:13,220 --> 00:39:17,100 一些没有可用安全水的大城市 to try and standardize and capture the market for bottled water 660 00:39:17,520 --> 00:39:22,310 尝试统一化和获得瓶装水市场 in places where safe water typically isn't available in some of the biggest cities. 661 00:39:23,020 --> 00:39:26,480 优活是全球销量第一的瓶装水品牌 Pure Life is the best selling brand of bottled water in the world, 662 00:39:26,570 --> 00:39:30,070 帮助雀巢占取了十分之一的 全球水市场 helping Nestlé claim 10% of the global bottled water market. 663 00:39:30,650 --> 00:39:33,410 在尼日利亚的初次登场非常成功 The rollout in Nigeria was so successful 664 00:39:33,660 --> 00:39:36,580 2016年 雀巢又建了第二座工厂 that in 2016, Nestlé built a second plant 665 00:39:36,660 --> 00:39:39,540 沿着首都城市阿布贾的高速而建 along the highway that feeds the capital city, Abuja. 666 00:39:45,540 --> 00:39:48,800 他们的选址就在贫困的村庄 曼德莱季 Their chosen site happened to be the impoverished village of Manderegi. 667 00:39:48,880 --> 00:39:52,090 {\an8}（尼日利亚曼德莱季社区） 668 00:39:54,140 --> 00:40:00,730 你来参观的这个地方 由我的曾祖父建立 This place that you've come to visit was first settled in by my great grandfather. 669 00:40:01,020 --> 00:40:03,440 是打猎让他来到这里 It was hunting that brought him here 670 00:40:03,520 --> 00:40:05,940 然后有了我们的祖父 然后就是我们 until he had our grandfather, and then we were born. 671 00:40:09,070 --> 00:40:12,070 阿哈吉嘎巴是曼德莱季的酋长 Alhaji Garba is the chief of Manderegi. 672 00:40:12,820 --> 00:40:18,490 2016年 嘎巴所居住的地方 就是尼日利亚农村的很好写照 In 2016, the village Garba presides over was a perfect snapshot of rural Nigeria. 673 00:40:20,750 --> 00:40:23,710 女人和孩子们一如既往地 Women and children collected water where they always had, 674 00:40:24,040 --> 00:40:27,380 在村子东面的泥河里收集水 a muddy river running along the eastern boundary of the village. 675 00:40:31,800 --> 00:40:36,180 他们把水放到盆子里 可以重到70斤 They carried it home in basins weighing as much as 80 pounds each. 676 00:40:42,140 --> 00:40:45,060 想象一下一天要花一个小时去收集水 Imagine having to spend an hour a day just getting your water. 677 00:40:45,310 --> 00:40:50,150 真的是很浪费人力和时间 What a waste of human effort and, and, and, and time! 678 00:40:50,230 --> 00:40:52,650 简直是浪费生命 对吗？ And, I mean, what a waste of your life, right? 679 00:40:54,490 --> 00:40:56,200 这时候 雀巢来了 Then, Nestlé came. 680 00:40:58,700 --> 00:41:01,410 他们给我们看了政府文件 They showed us the government paper 681 00:41:02,290 --> 00:41:04,670 表示这片土地归他们所有 that shows the land belongs to them, 682 00:41:05,830 --> 00:41:07,130 他们买了这片土地 that they've bought the land. 683 00:41:09,550 --> 00:41:16,140 所以我们去那里 雀巢也作出承诺 So, we went there, and Nestlé made promises. 684 00:41:16,640 --> 00:41:18,350 他们只是口头承诺 They were making verbal promises. 685 00:41:18,720 --> 00:41:19,600 并没有白纸黑字 It wasn't on paper. 686 00:41:19,680 --> 00:41:20,890 {\an8}（阿哈吉嘎巴 曼德莱季酋长） 687 00:41:20,970 --> 00:41:24,600 但是去那里的人都同意了 But the people that went there agreed. 688 00:41:25,440 --> 00:41:29,190 他们说如果可以拿到需要的水 They said if they're able to get the water they need, 689 00:41:29,320 --> 00:41:32,280 他们愿意给我们需要的东西 they'll give us anything we need. 690 00:41:33,440 --> 00:41:35,570 他们说如果可以拿到需要的水 They said if they're able to get the water they need, 691 00:41:36,200 --> 00:41:39,280 他们可以给我们饮用水 they'll give us water to drink. 692 00:41:40,530 --> 00:41:42,790 学校 他们可以修 School; they will repair our schools. 693 00:41:45,580 --> 00:41:48,880 七、八、九、十 Seven, eight, nine, ten. 694 00:41:49,750 --> 00:41:50,840 一件事可以肯定 One thing was for sure. 695 00:41:51,300 --> 00:41:55,090 这些村民负担不起优活水 These villagers would not be able to afford the bottles of Pure Life 696 00:41:55,170 --> 00:41:57,050 即使是从他们地下汲取的 that would be pumped from underneath them. 697 00:42:00,390 --> 00:42:03,600 所以雀巢做了个公众承诺 So Nestlé made another very public promise. 698 00:42:05,730 --> 00:42:08,690 其中一个重要的行动就是提供给村民 One of the key initiatives we're working on 699 00:42:08,770 --> 00:42:09,610 {\an8}（雀巢视频） 700 00:42:09,690 --> 00:42:12,650 免费卫生的饮用水 is to provide the villagers with access to free, safe drinking water, 701 00:42:12,730 --> 00:42:16,780 这个项目 我们下个月要推行的 雀巢水喷泉项目 and this project, with the Nestlé water fountains that we launch next month, 702 00:42:16,820 --> 00:42:19,280 应该给一千多个村民 should provide access to clean, fresh, safe drinking water 703 00:42:19,370 --> 00:42:21,450 提供干净、新鲜、卫生的饮用水 to over 1,000 villagers. 704 00:42:22,330 --> 00:42:26,960 也许是真的 但是曼德莱季有两千村民 That may be true, but Manderegi is home to 2,000 villagers. 705 00:42:27,830 --> 00:42:30,080 自来水在2016年建好 The taps were completed in 2016. 706 00:42:30,630 --> 00:42:32,380 他们并没有给我们水 They didn't give us water. 707 00:42:32,800 --> 00:42:36,340 他们在门口守着水 说要服务社区 They kept the water by the gate and said they've served the community. 708 00:42:36,720 --> 00:42:38,130 看看水在哪里 Look at where the water is. 709 00:42:42,470 --> 00:42:46,930 工厂离村庄的距离 是河流离村庄距离的四倍 The plant is four times the distance from the village that the river is. 710 00:42:47,020 --> 00:42:51,690 所以每天要花四倍的时间去取水 So walking to the taps quadruples the time spent collecting water every day. 711 00:42:57,110 --> 00:43:01,870 只有不到一半甚至四分之一的人 去取雀巢的水 Not even half or a quarter take the Nestlé water. 712 00:43:04,120 --> 00:43:07,500 所有人还是去河边取水 因为离着近 All the people are going to the river because it is nearer. 713 00:43:14,300 --> 00:43:16,840 我醒了之后 就去河那里 (Esther Hussaini When I wake up, I head to the river. 714 00:43:17,590 --> 00:43:20,090 回来之后 扫地 When I'm back, I sweep, 715 00:43:20,340 --> 00:43:22,050 清洗盘子 然后做饭 then I wash plates, then I cook. 716 00:43:22,470 --> 00:43:25,970 下午 如果在陶罐里没有水 我会再去一次 In the afternoon, if I don't have water in the earthen pot, I go again. 717 00:43:28,680 --> 00:43:31,400 曼德莱季由通往阿布贾的公路 被分为东部和西部 Manderegi is split into an eastern half and a western half 718 00:43:31,480 --> 00:43:32,520 {\an8}（曼德莱季） by the road to Abuja. 719 00:43:34,820 --> 00:43:36,820 河流在东面 The river is on the eastern side. 720 00:43:36,900 --> 00:43:38,650 就是雀巢工厂的所在地 So is the Nestlé plant. 721 00:43:38,990 --> 00:43:42,450 2014年 一条单排小路被重新修建 In 2014, the slow, single-lane road was rebuilt 722 00:43:42,530 --> 00:43:44,990 变为双道高速路 into this high-speed two-lane highway. 723 00:43:47,040 --> 00:43:49,330 不论是去河边还是工厂 Whether they go to the river or the plant, 724 00:43:49,540 --> 00:43:53,540 西部的居民都要跨过高速交通路 the western villagers have to make it across the high-speed traffic. 725 00:43:58,300 --> 00:44:00,380 如果下午有太多车 If there are too many cars in the afternoon, 726 00:44:01,380 --> 00:44:03,760 我就晚上去 I go in the evening. 727 00:44:04,600 --> 00:44:10,140 如果早上去晚上也去 要花费很长时间 If I go in the morning and go in the evening, it takes a lot of hours. 728 00:44:10,930 --> 00:44:15,770 我要花五个小时的时间 因为车实在太多了 I spend as much as five hours because there are too many cars passing, 729 00:44:15,860 --> 00:44:17,270 所以过马路没有那么快了 so we can't cross the road quickly. 730 00:44:17,360 --> 00:44:20,440 这是让我们很头疼的地方 That is what is giving us a problem. 731 00:44:42,260 --> 00:44:44,890 大多数村民都要躲避 高速行驶的卡车 Most villagers dodge the speeding trucks 732 00:44:45,140 --> 00:44:47,140 不论是去河边还是回来 heading for the river and back. 733 00:44:49,100 --> 00:44:50,310 我们有个女儿 We had a daughter. 734 00:44:50,390 --> 00:44:51,850 {\an8}（阿迪扎穆萨 曼德莱季社区成员） 735 00:44:51,930 --> 00:44:55,400 她从农场回来 把落花生放回家 She came back from the farm, and brought groundnut, and dropped it at home, 736 00:44:55,560 --> 00:44:57,110 然后去了河边 and went to the river. 737 00:45:05,910 --> 00:45:08,910 我们从农场回来 水不够家里用 We came back from the farm. Water wasn't enough in the house. 738 00:45:08,990 --> 00:45:11,200 我看看了剩下的水 如果做饭的话 I saw that from what was remaining, if I cook, 739 00:45:11,290 --> 00:45:13,250 我们就不够洗澡的了 we wouldn't have enough left to take our bath, 740 00:45:14,960 --> 00:45:16,670 所以我让她去取一些水 So I told her to go fetch more water. 741 00:45:16,920 --> 00:45:20,340 我正在做饭 人们把她带回来 我听到尖叫声 I was at home cooking when they brought her. I heard screams. 742 00:45:20,420 --> 00:45:23,380 抬回来的是她的尸体 发生什么了？ I heard screams when they brought her body. What happened? 743 00:45:23,670 --> 00:45:25,260 他们说 我的女儿死了 They said my girl is dead. 744 00:45:25,340 --> 00:45:27,090 我晕过去 他们用水把我泼醒 I fainted, and they poured water on me. 745 00:45:28,970 --> 00:45:32,060 怎么会只是去河边取个水 How can someone just go to the river to fetch water, 746 00:45:32,430 --> 00:45:35,600 再听到的就是 and the next thing you hear is 747 00:45:36,480 --> 00:45:42,110 她像一只鞋一样被车压过去？ that she has been run over by a car like a common shoe? 748 00:45:42,860 --> 00:45:45,400 对我来说太痛苦了 我晕过去了 It was so painful to me that I fainted. 749 00:45:45,570 --> 00:45:49,120 他们得不断用水泼醒我 让我恢复意识 They had to pour water on me before I regained consciousness. 750 00:45:50,240 --> 00:45:52,450 他们泼了很多的水 They poured a lot of water on me. 751 00:46:09,430 --> 00:46:11,310 在优活工厂的范围内 Along the perimeter of the Pure Life plant, 752 00:46:11,390 --> 00:46:15,680 坚无不摧的墙有一个管子通过 the wall's unbroken surface is pierced by a drainage pipe. 753 00:46:15,980 --> 00:46:19,560 他们把工厂的废水 排到了当地的河流里 It dumps runoff from the plant back into the local river. 754 00:46:20,020 --> 00:46:22,570 村民不知道废水里都有什么 The villagers don't know what's in this discharge. 755 00:46:22,820 --> 00:46:24,940 但是不论是什么 他们还是会喝水 But whatever it is, they're drinking it. 756 00:46:30,120 --> 00:46:31,370 在他们做这件事之前 Before they did this thing, we are not- 757 00:46:31,620 --> 00:46:34,290 我们不…甚至酋长都不知道 Even the chief of the community is not aware of it. 758 00:46:34,370 --> 00:46:36,790 我们眼见河水在旋转 We just see that the river is churning. 759 00:46:37,250 --> 00:46:38,370 然后就过来检查 Then we come and cross check. 760 00:46:38,920 --> 00:46:42,170 我们检查发现这就是源头 We check, and we see that this where these things start from. 761 00:46:42,380 --> 00:46:45,380 把这些水带到溪水里 他们说我们不可以喝这些水 We take them to the stream. They say we cannot drink this water. 762 00:46:47,630 --> 00:46:51,350 我们说我们需要雀巢给社区提供水 他们说会提供管道 We say we need water from the Nestlé to the community, that you will put pipe. 763 00:46:51,970 --> 00:46:52,850 他们说是的 They say yes. 764 00:46:53,600 --> 00:46:56,930 然后他们说 成本会太高 Later once again, they say the price will be too high. 765 00:47:01,860 --> 00:47:04,690 社区就在下面 离河很近 The community is down there, near the river. 766 00:47:05,940 --> 00:47:10,030 这是我们为什么想要他们 提供给我们水源 That's why we want them to supply us with water, 767 00:47:10,110 --> 00:47:12,830 所以人们可以停止使用河水 so that people will stop using the river water. 768 00:47:13,160 --> 00:47:17,750 因为日常来说 他们会在河里 Because, on a daily basis, 769 00:47:17,830 --> 00:47:21,250 直接清洗东西 they're washing things directly into the river. 770 00:47:21,880 --> 00:47:23,460 他们洗东西 They're washing it in a way 771 00:47:23,540 --> 00:47:25,710 使得整个社区饮用的是不纯净的水 that all the community will drink the impurities. 772 00:47:32,140 --> 00:47:34,010 2019年五月 In May of 2019, 773 00:47:34,180 --> 00:47:37,100 在拍摄结束后的六个月 six months after filming was completed in Manderegi, 774 00:47:37,350 --> 00:47:39,640 雀巢水业联系摄制组 Nestlé Waters contacted this production 775 00:47:39,730 --> 00:47:42,650 说他们“做了调查 to state that it had, quote, "made an investigation 776 00:47:43,020 --> 00:47:45,610 发现有很多需要改善的地方” and identified some improvements to be made," unquote. 777 00:47:47,570 --> 00:47:50,650 雀巢说他们已经让第三方实验室 Nestlé said it had commissioned tests of the runoff from the plant 778 00:47:50,900 --> 00:47:52,870 对废水进行测试 by an independent laboratory, 779 00:47:52,950 --> 00:47:54,700 在声明发表之时 and that up to the time of their statement, 780 00:47:54,780 --> 00:47:56,870 测试表明 废弃物是 the test indicated the discharge was, 781 00:47:56,950 --> 00:48:00,660 “符合规范” quote, "compliant with regulatory norms," unquote. 782 00:48:02,040 --> 00:48:04,710 雀巢说 他们已经修建了 新的太阳能电池 Nestlé said it had installed new solar batteries 783 00:48:04,790 --> 00:48:07,500 修复由该公司攫取的井里的一个水泵 to repair the pump from a borehole the company had dug 784 00:48:07,590 --> 00:48:09,920 让地下水可以流到村子的中心 to bring groundwater into the center of the village. 785 00:48:11,050 --> 00:48:14,140 雀巢也说了 还会再挖另一个井 And, Nestlé said, it would dig another borehole. 786 00:48:14,510 --> 00:48:16,930 这个井会是在高速的西面 This one would be on the western side of the highway, 787 00:48:17,140 --> 00:48:19,640 所以村民可以拿到地下水 so that villagers there could have access to groundwater 788 00:48:19,730 --> 00:48:22,140 而不用穿过高速的车流 without crossing the high-speed traffic. 789 00:48:34,320 --> 00:48:38,240 回到拉各斯 水资源不干净 并不是唯一的问题 Back in Lagos, impurities in the water are not the only concern. 790 00:48:38,910 --> 00:48:42,290 由于几乎整个城市都依赖塑料瓶装水 With the city almost wholly dependent on water delivered in plastic, 791 00:48:43,120 --> 00:48:45,790 拉各斯面临着垃圾处理危机 Lagos now faces a garbage crisis. 792 00:48:46,540 --> 00:48:49,340 你可以看到这些瓶子到处都是 You have these bottles everywhere. 793 00:48:49,800 --> 00:48:52,340 大公司宣传这些瓶子是解决方式 Companies marketing these products as a solution, 794 00:48:53,130 --> 00:48:56,800 干净的水 没有味道的水 安全的水 clean water, odorless water, safe water, 795 00:48:57,140 --> 00:49:00,720 我们每天都有不断增加的挑战 and then the added challenge we have today, 796 00:49:01,350 --> 00:49:03,390 拉各斯的废物处理是个大问题 waste management in Lagos is a major problem, 797 00:49:03,770 --> 00:49:07,440 很大一部分都是瓶子垃圾 and a bulk of that waste is bottled water. 798 00:49:13,530 --> 00:49:16,910 只有百分十的拉各斯废物是被回收的 Only about 10% of Lagos's garbage is recycled. 799 00:49:17,160 --> 00:49:20,490 其余的都在街边堆砌 可以在排水沟里找到 The rest piles up in the streets and drainage ditches. 800 00:49:20,700 --> 00:49:24,920 数吨的瓶子漂流到城市海岸线 From there, tons of discarded water bottles drift to the city shoreline 801 00:49:25,210 --> 00:49:27,080 然后流进大西洋 and then out into the Atlantic, 802 00:49:27,420 --> 00:49:29,630 这样给全球的海洋 where they add to a growing critical mass 803 00:49:29,800 --> 00:49:33,010 造成了更多的漂流塑料垃圾 of plastic waste floating free in the world's oceans. 804 00:49:40,720 --> 00:49:44,980 尼日利亚官员知道这个城市的 塑料垃圾危机的唯一解决方式 Nigerian officials know that the city's plastic crisis can only be solved 805 00:49:45,060 --> 00:49:46,690 和水资源危机解决方式相同 the same way as the water crisis: 806 00:49:46,770 --> 00:49:48,020 {\an8}（拉各斯水公司） 807 00:49:48,110 --> 00:49:51,070 给拉各斯居民提供干净可饮用的水 provide safe, drinkable water to Lagos's people. 808 00:49:52,440 --> 00:49:54,530 难的是如何实现 The hard part is making it happen. 809 00:49:57,700 --> 00:50:00,330 好了 怎么样？我们下去吧 Okay. How's that? Let's go down. 810 00:50:05,000 --> 00:50:09,000 这个饮水公司是拉各斯水公司 的标志性成果 This drinking water plant is the flagship effort 811 00:50:09,000 --> 00:50:12,380 目的是给城市提供干净的水 by the Lagos Water Corporation to provide clean water to the city 812 00:50:12,380 --> 00:50:15,170 所以居民可以不用依赖瓶装水 so the residents don't have to rely on bottled water. 813 00:50:17,840 --> 00:50:18,970 当我们完成这个 When we finish this, 814 00:50:19,850 --> 00:50:23,930 这个地方可以给20万户居民供水 this place with supply over 200,000 households. 815 00:50:25,020 --> 00:50:31,610 马迷努拜德慕斯 拉各斯水公司总经理 20万户家庭 不是20万人 200,000 households does not translate to 200,000 people. 816 00:50:31,820 --> 00:50:36,320 相当于是给更多人提供水 因为每一户家庭约有… It translates to more than that because every household will have about... 817 00:50:37,280 --> 00:50:39,990 -七口？五口？八口 -八口之家 -seven? Five? Eight. -Eight. 818 00:50:42,660 --> 00:50:46,870 马迷努拜德慕斯 是拉各斯水公司的总经理 Muminu Badmus is the managing director of the Lagos Water Corporation. 819 00:50:47,540 --> 00:50:49,920 在尼日利亚出生 他在美国读书 Born in Nigeria, he was educated in the US 820 00:50:50,000 --> 00:50:53,000 有20年工程师和工程经理的经验 and spent 20 years as an engineer and construction manager 821 00:50:53,420 --> 00:50:55,510 在华盛顿特区水利部门供职 at the Water Authority for Washington, DC. 822 00:50:56,300 --> 00:50:58,590 这些是碎石 And this would be gravel? 823 00:50:59,720 --> 00:51:03,600 一个意大利的工程师 已经修了这个工厂五年了 An Italian contractor has been building this plant for five years. 824 00:51:04,560 --> 00:51:06,930 工程现在拖了五年 Construction is now five years behind. 825 00:51:07,640 --> 00:51:10,810 但是即使拜德慕斯的代理商 完成了这座工厂 But even if Badmus's agency finishes building the plant, 826 00:51:11,100 --> 00:51:14,020 水还是不会流入拉各斯的千家万户 the water will still not flow to any residents of Lagos. 827 00:51:14,650 --> 00:51:16,740 没有管道可以运输水 There are no pipes to actually carry the water. 828 00:51:17,820 --> 00:51:22,370 为了铺设这些管道 工程需要更多钱 从私人投资者获取 To lay those pipes, the project will need more money, from private investors. 829 00:51:25,290 --> 00:51:29,870 投资者需要负责从这里连接水流 The investors will be responsible for connecting the flow from here. 830 00:51:30,170 --> 00:51:34,040 这些投资者需要给千家万户提供连接 The investors would provide connection to the households. 831 00:51:34,840 --> 00:51:38,050 我们会招标然后决定谁是投资者 We'll open it up, and then we'll decide who the investor will be. 832 00:51:40,630 --> 00:51:43,350 还没有私人投资者对 这个项目有兴趣 No private investors have signed on to the project yet. 833 00:51:44,100 --> 00:51:46,260 即使有人同意这个合作关系 And even if some do sign up for this partnership, 834 00:51:46,640 --> 00:51:49,520 这个工厂只能提供一百万人水 the plant will only provide clean water 835 00:51:49,810 --> 00:51:51,690 这个城市有1900万人口 to a million of the 19 million who need it. 836 00:51:57,030 --> 00:52:00,610 这也是为什么尼日利亚的 公众基础设施 That's why Nigeria's public infrastructure is no serious threat 837 00:52:00,700 --> 00:52:02,410 对瓶装水产业构不成威胁 to bottled water's domination. 838 00:52:05,240 --> 00:52:09,290 瓶装水生意是为了利益 The bottled water businesses are there for profits. 839 00:52:09,370 --> 00:52:14,210 他们来到这里就是创造了一个 公共水源不好用的想法 They've only served to create a psyche that public water cannot work. 840 00:52:14,580 --> 00:52:16,590 {\an8}（安全） 841 00:52:21,130 --> 00:52:22,340 不幸的是 Unfortunately, 842 00:52:23,260 --> 00:52:25,390 因为政府无能 because of government failure, 843 00:52:26,510 --> 00:52:28,720 缺乏政治意向 lack of political will to make public water work, 844 00:52:29,100 --> 00:52:30,310 去让公共水源运转 845 00:52:31,060 --> 00:52:34,150 这个想法更加深入人心 this narrative continues to be deepened. 846 00:52:37,480 --> 00:52:39,900 这场瓶装水和自来水的战役 This duel, bottle versus tap, 847 00:52:40,190 --> 00:52:41,860 不仅仅是在第三世界国家 is not limited to the third world. 848 00:52:42,820 --> 00:52:46,910 一百年前就有安全的自来水的美国 In the US, where safe tap water was perfected 100 years ago, 849 00:52:46,990 --> 00:52:50,790 弗林特危机让公众更加焦虑 the crisis in Flint has rippled into broad public anxiety. 850 00:52:51,200 --> 00:52:52,410 最近的民意调查显示 In one recent poll, US residents proclaimed 851 00:52:52,660 --> 00:52:59,590 美国居民称水质量是一个严重的 公众安全隐患 就如同海洛因一样 that water quality is as serious a public health concern as heroin abuse. 852 00:53:01,050 --> 00:53:05,050 费城是第一个提供水作为 公共资源的城市 Philadelphia was the first city to provide water as a public utility. 853 00:53:05,140 --> 00:53:09,060 巴克斯特水处理中心 建于1959年 The Baxter Water Treatment facility was built in 1959. 854 00:53:11,020 --> 00:53:14,310 他们的经理知道 他们在打一场公共信任的战役 Its managers know they're in for a fight for public confidence. 855 00:53:14,810 --> 00:53:15,650 -你好 -你好 -Hey, man. -Hey. 856 00:53:16,440 --> 00:53:18,440 人们对自来水不相信 There's a trust issue with the tap water. 857 00:53:19,020 --> 00:53:23,780 那些将自己视为水大使的我们 Those of us who view ourselves as responsible stewards of... 858 00:53:23,950 --> 00:53:25,700 {\an8}（黛布拉麦卡蒂 费城水专员） uh, water... 859 00:53:26,110 --> 00:53:29,280 目标是提供高质量的水 and, um, providing excellent quality water... 860 00:53:32,500 --> 00:53:36,540 个人都非常 非常生气 um... personally, are very... very, um, upset 861 00:53:37,420 --> 00:53:39,290 听到弗林特事件 about what happened in Flint. 862 00:53:40,550 --> 00:53:44,090 我们在想办法重拾公众信心 And we're trying to figure out how we can build that trust 863 00:53:44,170 --> 00:53:46,300 让大家更加相信我们的水 and get folks to trust our water more. 864 00:53:47,840 --> 00:53:49,390 即使只有半个世纪 Even half a century old, 865 00:53:49,470 --> 00:53:52,430 这个工厂一直都在提供 干净安全的饮用水 this plant provides safe, clean drinking water 866 00:53:52,520 --> 00:53:54,600 给75万人 to 750,000 people. 867 00:53:56,060 --> 00:53:57,980 水流进来 The water is coming in. 868 00:53:58,940 --> 00:54:00,650 流过这些滤网 It's hitting these screens right there. 869 00:54:00,730 --> 00:54:03,030 这些滤网排除掉大的杂物 The screens are filtering out the huge items, 870 00:54:03,110 --> 00:54:05,110 然后水接着流 and then the water keeps rolling through, 871 00:54:05,570 --> 00:54:06,490 流过这片工厂 over to the plant. 872 00:54:08,240 --> 00:54:11,580 5.6亿升的水每天在这里被处理 About 150 million gallons a day are processed here. 873 00:54:13,120 --> 00:54:15,410 我们在这个工厂有94个过滤器 We have 94 filters at this plant. 874 00:54:15,500 --> 00:54:19,750 他们都在处理 德拉瓦河流进来的水 They're all treating the water that came in from our Delaware River 875 00:54:20,290 --> 00:54:21,960 通过沉淀池 through our sedimentation basin, 876 00:54:22,050 --> 00:54:23,090 {\an8}（阿贝约翰 工厂经理 巴克斯特水处理工厂） 877 00:54:23,260 --> 00:54:25,220 然后流到这里的过滤器 and eventually, to our filters right here. 878 00:54:25,300 --> 00:54:29,300 这些过滤器里 无烟煤在上面 沙子在下面 It has anthracite coal up top and sand at the bottom. 879 00:54:30,930 --> 00:54:33,930 这是水被处理的最后环节 This is the last spot that the water gets treated 880 00:54:34,270 --> 00:54:36,310 然后就会流到千家万户 before it gets out into the distribution. 881 00:54:39,440 --> 00:54:42,900 当水最终离开工厂 流到普通人家里的时候 When the water finally leaves the plant and flows to the customers 882 00:54:42,980 --> 00:54:45,990 通过上千公里的水管道 through thousands of miles of underground water mains, 883 00:54:46,030 --> 00:54:48,570 其成本不到一美分3.7升 it costs less than a penny a gallon. 884 00:54:52,950 --> 00:54:56,870 令人惊奇的是 你去便利店的冷藏库 The remarkable thing is that if you go to the cold case in a convenience store, 885 00:54:56,960 --> 00:55:00,670 买一瓶波兰泉水需要花费 一美金九美分 and you buy a single bottle of Poland Spring for $1.09, 886 00:55:01,000 --> 00:55:03,920 你可以每天在家里灌满一瓶水 you can fill that bottle every day 887 00:55:04,420 --> 00:55:07,300 这样下来整整八年 at home for eight years! 888 00:55:07,880 --> 00:55:11,390 做做数学 八年乘以365 Do the math on that. Eight years times 365, 889 00:55:11,680 --> 00:55:13,760 你知道的 3000次 three... you know, 3,000 times 890 00:55:14,640 --> 00:55:18,690 才会花费一美金的自来水 before you will have spent a dollar's worth of tap water. 891 00:55:20,440 --> 00:55:23,270 美国人很愿意花钱买高级货 But Americans pay the premium, gladly, 892 00:55:23,360 --> 00:55:28,610 因为越来越少的人 会完全不质疑公用水资源 because fewer and fewer consumers have unquestioning trust in municipal water. 893 00:55:29,070 --> 00:55:30,410 {\an8}（在杰克逊 六万人需要对水进行高温烹煮） 894 00:55:30,490 --> 00:55:32,320 公众恐惧并不是空穴来风 Public fears are not without cause. 895 00:55:32,410 --> 00:55:33,330 {\an8}（烧水建议发布） 896 00:55:33,410 --> 00:55:34,700 {\an8}（烧水建议） 897 00:55:34,780 --> 00:55:36,450 弗林特是最著名的案子 Flint is only the most famous case. 898 00:55:36,540 --> 00:55:37,750 {\an8}（法韦尔烧水通知） 899 00:55:37,830 --> 00:55:40,670 新泽西纽瓦克官员2018年十月承认 Officials in Newark, New Jersey admitted in October 2018 900 00:55:40,750 --> 00:55:41,750 {\an8}（自来水污染） 901 00:55:41,830 --> 00:55:44,000 有四万家庭的水受到铅污染 that as many as 40,000 homes may have lead in their water. 902 00:55:44,090 --> 00:55:45,000 {\an8}（纽瓦克的饮用水有铅） 903 00:55:46,210 --> 00:55:47,510 随意坐 Just take a seat anywhere. 904 00:55:48,340 --> 00:55:49,470 在费城 In Philadelphia, 905 00:55:49,550 --> 00:55:52,640 水部门一直在进行 焦点小组和民意调查 the water department has been conducting focus groups and polls 906 00:55:52,800 --> 00:55:55,430 想要更好明白公众对水的态度 to better understand public attitudes toward water. 907 00:55:56,600 --> 00:55:57,810 一项调查显示 One survey revealed 908 00:55:58,020 --> 00:56:02,940 百分之43的费城居民 在家里饮用瓶装水 that 43% of Philadelphians drink bottled water at home. 909 00:56:03,520 --> 00:56:06,110 调查员发现当只看 The researchers discovered that when they limited the responses 910 00:56:06,190 --> 00:56:07,570 低收入家庭的回应时 to low-income households, 911 00:56:07,780 --> 00:56:10,320 这个数字跳到百分之59 that number jumped to 59%. 912 00:56:10,950 --> 00:56:13,410 事实上 很多城市的居民 The fact that so many people in our cities, 913 00:56:13,820 --> 00:56:16,910 城市都有提供饮用水 cities provided with great drinking water, 914 00:56:17,290 --> 00:56:19,120 但是仍然饮用瓶装水 are still drinking bottled water, 915 00:56:19,200 --> 00:56:22,250 或者他们甚至比稍富有的社区 喝瓶装水的数量还要多 or they're drinking more bottled water than the richer communities, 916 00:56:22,330 --> 00:56:26,500 这非常让人不舒服 也说明公众缺乏信任 is depressing and is an indication of the lack of trust of those communities 917 00:56:26,590 --> 00:56:29,960 他们不相信这些城市有能力来提供 in the city's ability to provide the services that they... 918 00:56:30,300 --> 00:56:31,760 人们需要和应得的水资源 that they deserve, and they need. 919 00:56:35,350 --> 00:56:36,350 你认为 How would you characterize the primary reason 920 00:56:36,430 --> 00:56:38,350 你喝蒸馏水的主要原因是什么？ that you drink distilled water? 921 00:56:38,430 --> 00:56:40,350 喝起来口感更好 It tastes-To me, it tastes much better. 922 00:56:41,140 --> 00:56:43,770 对很多人来说 很方便 For a lot of people, it's more convenient to... 923 00:56:44,100 --> 00:56:46,110 从冰箱里拿一瓶 然后喝一口 pull a bottle out of the fridge and drink from it 924 00:56:46,190 --> 00:56:47,770 或者拿一瓶 随身携带 or pull a bottle out and take with you. 925 00:56:47,860 --> 00:56:50,780 很容易拿 如果你有24瓶整箱的话 It's easy to grab. You've got, you know, a 24 pack. 926 00:56:51,280 --> 00:56:52,780 拿一瓶就走了 Pop it and go, you know. 927 00:56:53,150 --> 00:56:54,860 看看对环境的影响 Looking at the environmental impact, 928 00:56:54,950 --> 00:56:57,450 一瓶水并不仅仅是塑料 a bottle of water's not just the plastic. 929 00:56:57,530 --> 00:57:00,250 把瓶子扔掉 还有运输 Throwing away the bottles. There's also all the exhaust 930 00:57:00,540 --> 00:57:03,580 还有包装上的消耗 and, you know, all that from the trucks, and the packaging, 931 00:57:03,670 --> 00:57:07,170 运到商店 然后从商店到你家 and getting it to the store, and getting from the store to your house. 932 00:57:07,670 --> 00:57:10,920 这世界上有很多事情需要担心 There's a lot of other things in the world to worry about 933 00:57:11,210 --> 00:57:12,550 有比瓶装水更重要的事 than bottled water. 934 00:57:12,630 --> 00:57:15,220 我只想确保如果我喝水 I just want to make sure that if I'm drinking water, 935 00:57:15,300 --> 00:57:19,510 水里没有隐孢子虫或者其他东西 that it doesn't have cryptosporidium or any of them other things in it. 936 00:57:21,600 --> 00:57:24,770 消费者对于水供给有很大的影响力 Consumers have tremendous power over their water supply. 937 00:57:24,980 --> 00:57:29,190 越少纳税人相信自来水 越来越少人愿意付钱 The less ratepayers trust their tap water, the less they may be willing to pay, 938 00:57:29,270 --> 00:57:30,190 {\an8}（北 氟 南） 939 00:57:30,280 --> 00:57:32,530 这些大型基础设置工程就越难 and the harder it becomes for these massive infrastructure projects 940 00:57:32,610 --> 00:57:33,740 {\an8}（氯化屋） 941 00:57:33,820 --> 00:57:34,990 维持更新 to remain up-to-date. 942 00:57:36,070 --> 00:57:39,740 好 我可以让这个产品商品化 Okay, I can get this product on a commercial level. 943 00:57:39,830 --> 00:57:41,790 我可以从货架买水 I can buy water on a shelf. 944 00:57:42,040 --> 00:57:44,000 我干嘛要投资 Why do I need to pay to invest, 945 00:57:44,330 --> 00:57:48,000 去建城市水系统？ to build a municipal water system? 946 00:57:48,590 --> 00:57:51,590 我为什么要为一个 Why do I have to pay water rates 947 00:57:51,670 --> 00:57:54,170 我可以在商店买的东西交费？ for something that I can get off the shelf? 948 00:57:55,050 --> 00:57:59,680 这就说到了我们水系统 投资不足 That leads to growing underinvestment in our water system. 949 00:58:01,000 --> 00:58:04,500 瓶装水的市场一直在把 If anything, the bottled water marketplace 950 00:58:04,500 --> 00:58:07,180 这一系统推向边缘 seems to be pushing, hard, in the opposite direction. 951 00:58:07,230 --> 00:58:09,810 波兰泉水宣布一个新的高级品牌 叫做蓝涧 Poland Spring has announced a new premium brand called Origin, 952 00:58:09,900 --> 00:58:10,770 {\an8}（缅因州清流） 953 00:58:10,860 --> 00:58:11,690 {\an8}（从高质量源头开始） 954 00:58:11,770 --> 00:58:14,820 其实是一样的水 就是不同包装 要价更高 which is the same water, in a different bottle, for more money. 955 00:58:17,110 --> 00:58:20,160 另一个牌子宣称可以改进细胞交流 Another brand promises improved cellular communication... 956 00:58:20,240 --> 00:58:21,580 {\an8}（ASEA细胞水 细胞信号传导的补充） 957 00:58:21,660 --> 00:58:24,750 通过细胞水的分子结构 让细胞进行沟通 Keep cells talking with Redox signaling molecules. 958 00:58:24,910 --> 00:58:26,750 40美金一瓶 ...for $40 a bottle. 959 00:58:27,830 --> 00:58:30,590 也有来自北极圈 And there's always limited-edition polar iceberg water 960 00:58:30,840 --> 00:58:32,460 限量的冰川水 from above the Arctic Circle, 961 00:58:32,800 --> 00:58:34,380 每瓶59美金 $59 a bottle. 962 00:58:35,380 --> 00:58:36,420 {\an8}（北极冰川水 来自世界高处的限量水） 963 00:58:36,550 --> 00:58:42,510 我们每年花费350亿美金 在瓶装水上 We spend $35 billion a year buying bottled water. 964 00:58:43,180 --> 00:58:46,430 所有的水系统每年能拿到460亿美金 And the entire water system gets about $46 billion a year. 965 00:58:46,600 --> 00:58:49,350 所以人们会说：“没钱可以修复水” So people say, "Well, there's no money to fix water." 966 00:58:49,650 --> 00:58:51,520 结果是有钱可以修复水资源 Well, it turns out there is money to fix water, 967 00:58:51,610 --> 00:58:54,400 好消息是我们已经 将这些钱花在了水上 and the good news is we are already spending it on water. 968 00:58:55,030 --> 00:58:57,860 只是一瓶一次而已 Just one crushable, plastic bottle at a time. 969 00:58:57,950 --> 00:58:59,240 {\an8}（水合） 970 00:58:59,320 --> 00:59:01,530 我觉得这里有很多错误信息 I think there's a lot of misinformation out there, 971 00:59:01,620 --> 00:59:05,330 要知道 我爱人们喝越来越多的水 and I love, you know, that people are drinking more water, 972 00:59:05,410 --> 00:59:07,410 也看到饮用水的重要性 and they see the importance of drinking water. 973 00:59:08,500 --> 00:59:09,330 但是 But... 974 00:59:10,000 --> 00:59:14,300 很多这些瓶装水公司 他们的水来自自来水 a lot of those bottled water companies, they get their water from tap water. 975 00:59:17,380 --> 00:59:19,260 水覆盖整个星球 Water covers the planet. 976 00:59:19,590 --> 00:59:22,050 但是随着人口的每天增加 But the human population grows every day, 977 00:59:22,350 --> 00:59:25,470 干净新鲜的水资源变得越来越稀缺 and clean, fresh water is becoming more scarce. 978 00:59:25,720 --> 00:59:29,020 真正的问题是 人类如何互相供养 The real question is about how humans provide for each other... 979 00:59:29,230 --> 00:59:32,650 或者不要互相供养 而这个世界在一天天变小 or don't, in a world that feels smaller every day. 980 00:59:33,230 --> 00:59:35,940 对瓶装水的假装虔诚 Being sanctimonious about bottled water 981 00:59:37,190 --> 00:59:41,700 并不会触及 doesn't even begin to touch the problems 982 00:59:42,120 --> 00:59:44,740 我们在未来十年 that we're gonna have with water 983 00:59:44,870 --> 00:59:47,870 对水资源会出现的问题 甚至是未来50年 in the next ten years, and then the next 50 years. 984 00:59:48,330 --> 00:59:51,830 说实话 在一些地方是这样的 And to be honest, that's even true in places, for instance, 985 00:59:51,920 --> 00:59:53,920 例如和雀巢战斗的地方 that are having fights with Nestlé water, 986 00:59:54,040 --> 00:59:58,670 更别说非洲其他国家 let alone in places like across Africa, 987 00:59:58,760 --> 01:00:01,300 中东 还有印度 across the Middle East, across India. 988 01:00:04,930 --> 01:00:07,890 气候变化对这些问题只是雪上加霜 And climate change is gonna make all those problems worse. 989 01:00:13,520 --> 01:00:15,980 我们知道如何创造一个积极的未来 We know how to build a positive future, 990 01:00:16,230 --> 01:00:18,690 那是我们需要前进的方向 and that's the future we need to be moving toward. 991 01:00:20,030 --> 01:00:21,990 我看到的是反乌托邦的未来 I also see a dystopian future 992 01:00:22,530 --> 01:00:24,410 那里只有富人有安全的水饮用 where the only people with safe water are the rich people 993 01:00:24,490 --> 01:00:30,750 通过购买瓶装水 或者创建私有的水系统 who can afford to buy bottled water or build their own private water systems, 994 01:00:30,830 --> 01:00:33,710 而数十亿的人无法承担这么做 and the billions of people who can't afford that 995 01:00:33,790 --> 01:00:36,630 只能喝污染的水 are condemned to drink contaminated water. 996 01:00:42,720 --> 01:00:45,090 这是人类权利的问题 This is something that is a human rights issue, 997 01:00:45,180 --> 01:00:46,680 是非常严肃的 and it's very serious. 998 01:00:47,430 --> 01:00:49,350 水不是闹着玩的 Water is not something to be messed with... 999 01:00:52,730 --> 01:00:54,940 因为是和人类生命息息相关 because you're actually playing with people's lives. 1000 01:02:35,040 --> 01:02:37,040 字幕翻译：马潇潇