如何制造一辆WRC赛车
这是一辆Mini John Cooper Works世界拉力赛赛车 It’s a Mini John Cooper Works world rally car
而这个是一辆Mini Countryman And this is a Mini Countryma
它只是我在停车场发现的标准的民用车 It’s just a standard road car that I found in a car park
但这辆车绝对不可能经得住 But there’s no way this car would survive being thrashed
在赛车道上最恶劣的条件下颠簸 around on some of the toughest stages on the rally circuit
所以是什么造就了一辆赛车呢 So what makes a rally car?
这个车架看起来有点像 This body shell looks a little bit like a bunch of
在外面的路上 你可能看到的很多车 cars you might find outside the road
这都是过程的一部分 It’s all part of the process
它确实看上去有点发黑生锈 It does look a bit dark and rusty
那是因为车身被浸在酸浴中 that’s because the body shell is being dipped in acid bath
以去除上面的油漆 而且粗钢 to remove all the paint, and the raw steel
在潮湿的空气中生锈得非常快 in the moisture air rust very quickl
所以它确实呈现出非常斑驳的效果 So it does give its rather mottled effect
但是一旦喷上油漆 它就会很漂亮 but once it’s painted, it’ll look lovely
我们切掉了车上所有我们不想要的部分 We cut away all the parts of the car that we don’t want
即它的缺点 比如说 跟这儿相连的是 the weak points, say the relevant here
轮拱 我们把它们切掉了 which is the wheel arches, we cut those away
因为它们强度有点低 cause they were a little bit weak
然后我们用这些更坚固的钢来替代它们 And we replace them with these much stronger steel
接下来我们来聊聊悬架 pick up points to the suspension and
如你所见 我们在这儿用了防滚架 as you can see, we have the roll cage in here
来防止悬架部分相互靠拢 to stop suspension parts moving together
这儿有很多新的轮子和支架 And, there are lots of new wheels and brackets
看看座椅上的那些东西 and pick up points to those things on the seats
转向柱 踏板箱和下面的油箱 the steering column, the pedal box and the fuel tank underneath
所以有很多工作要做 可能要500或600工时 so, a lot of work goes into this，maybe five or six hundred
才能把一辆标准的 man-hours of work go from converting what is a standard
Mini Countryman 民用车车身改装成世界拉力赛车的车身 Mini Countryman road car body shell into a world rally car body shell
而且如我们所看到的 防滚架对驾驶员来说是 And the roll cage is one of the most important parts
最重要的部分之一 as we see for the drivers
具有根本的重要性 Fundamentally important
如果你仔细观察Mini车 有很坚固的钢管 If you look on the Mini, there are meters and meters of
这一根根非常坚固的钢管主要是用来 this very strong steel tubing which is primarily there
保护驾驶员和副驾驶的 to protect the driver and the co-driver
但它们也可以给底盘提供额外的刚度 But what they also do, they provide extra rigidity
使它非常坚硬 to the chassis, make it very stiff
所以这辆车上有很多显著特征是公路上 So there are a lot of standing features on this car
普通的Mini Country车所不具有的吗 but you don’t get on a normal Mini Country on the road?
它们是完全一样的 车身 原车身 It’s exactly the same, body shell, the original body shell
是直接从Countryman的生产线上拿来的 is come straight off the Countryman production line
所以这里的所有东西都跟民用车上的一样 So everything you see here is exactly as you get on the road car
根据规定 你所能做的是非常受限的 and you are very limited as to what you can do under the regulations
显然 对于防滚架 你可以做一些根本性的改变 Obviously, for the roll cage, you can make fundamental changes
让它变得安全 适合拉力赛 to make it safe and suitable for rallying
但是拉力赛的全部精髓在于 but the whole essence of the sport is that
它反应了民用车是它的基础 it reflects the road car is based on
所以对这辆车 我们 还有很多工作要做 So still quite of work to be done on this car
接下来去哪儿 where are we going to next?
这辆车要被送去油漆车间 刷成白色 Well, this will go to the paint shop, get painted white
然后再送去我们制造赛车的车间 and then it’s off to the rally workshop where we build
在车身被喷上油漆的同时 我们来到了技术中心 While the body shell is being painted, we come to the tech center
现在我们后面是什么 这个是什么 Now what is going behind us. What’s this?
噢 这是一个用于Mini世界拉力赛车的变速箱 Oh, this is a gearbox for a Mini World Rally Car
正处于装配中 which is being assembled
这是一个6速序列式变速箱 It’s a 6 speed sequential gearbox
这些是第一 二 三 四 五 六档位 So you got 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th, 6th gates
那么 它为什么跟一般民用车如此不同呢？ Um, why is it so different from what we get on a normal road car?
我们没有序列式变速箱 所以在赛车上 Uh, we don’t have sequential gearbox, so in a rally car
他们只是来回拉动操作杆 they just pull a lever back and forth
然而 在民用车上 有一个H档变速箱 Whereas, in a road car, you have an H-back gearbox
对于赛车来说 它需要更有力 In a rally car, it needs to be much stronger
所以我们用的是这种直齿齿轮 So we have this straight cut teeth
但在民用车上 齿轮是斜齿 从而让变速箱保持安静 in a road car, they cut to an angle to keep the gearbox nice and quiet
否则你就得去摩托车道开车了 otherwise you would be definitely drive on a motorway
但是对于赛车来说 反正它本来就很吵 所以没关系 But in a rally car, it’s noise anyway, so it doesn’t matter
发动机的配置 So the configuration of the engine
跟民用车是一样的 it’s the same as you get in a road car
发动机上其他东西都是为赛车 everything else on the engine is on purpose made
特制的 除了压力更大以外 For rally engine except a lot of more stress
车头的缸体是必须要有的 What you have to keep is the block in the head
而且这个跟民用车上的一样 and they are the same as you find on a road car
这个大概是赛车上最关键的部分 This is probably the item that is the most crucial piece on a rally car
这是悬架 这是减震器和弹簧 This is the suspension, so this is the damper and spring
在民用车上 这可能被称作减震器 On a road car, you probably call it a shock absorber
其实是一样的东西 it’s the same sort of thing
它是车上用来保持轮子 This is the element of the car which keeps the wheels
抓地的部分 attached to the ground
所以当你碰到一个隆起物 这个可以减震 So when you hit a bump, this absorbs the shock
同时确保轮子抓地 but also insures that the wheel maintains its grip on the ground
这一点很重要 and that’s important
否则 因为轮子如果离地的话 Otherwise,cause while the wheel is off the ground
你就不能前进 轮子只是空转 you’re not going forward, the wheel is spinning
这个是众所周知的事实 And it’s a little known fact
实际上 赛车上在砾石路上 Actually, on a rally car, on a, on a gravel state
轮子可能与地表的实际接触面积 the wheels are probably on an actual contact
可能达到50% with the surface about 50 percent
所以 减震器越好 轮子与地面接触越多 . So the better it is, the longer the wheels in contact with the surface
速度就越快 and the faster you go
如果你把这个车的尺寸 与民用车的尺寸进行比较 And if you compare this in size to what you get on the road car
这个要比那个牢固很多 this is far more substantial
想象一下赛车在砂石路上可能会开到每小时100或120英里 Imagine that a rally car may be doing a 100 or 120 miles an hour over rocks
如果你 开着一辆标准的Mini Country If you did that in a standard Mini Country
标准的民用车这么做的话 这个悬架本身就会坏掉 standard road car, this suspension will destroy itself
这个看起来有点像 This looks a little bit more like a map you might find
你可能在伦敦地铁站看到的地图 on the London underground
这块板上是什么 What is going on on this board?
这是一个为Mini世界拉力赛车 Well, this is the wiring harness being built for
所做的线束 the Mini world rally car. And yeah
可能它看起来确实与伦敦地铁的地图很相似 I guess it does look too similar to the London underground map
而且可能在很多方面会更复杂 And it’s probably more complicated in many ways
我完全不知道从哪儿开始 I wouldn’t have a clue where to start
这里的技师有这个 也有这个全尺寸的板 The guys here have this and they have this full size board
然后他们拿到相关的线 切成一节节的 and they get the relevant wires, they cut them to links
把他们订到上面 然后安上接头 They tack them all up and then they ‘ll put connectings on it
把它整个封上 然后就有了一个完整的线束 Seal it all up, and they have a complete wiring harnes
可以直接放到车的底部 which is ready to put into the bottoms of the car
民用车上也会有这个 但区别在于 You would have this on a road car, but difference would be
民用车的规格不同 the road car isn’t made of the same specifications
这个套件是非常昂贵的 and this is very expensive for the kit
它的设计是为了经受住各种状况的 it is designed to survive in all sorts of conditions
对于民用车 你可以把连接器拆开 再装回去 in a road car, you can take the connector apart, put it back again
它就会坏了 it’ll break
完成以后 它看起来有点像这边这个 When it’s finished, it looks a little bit like this one here
如你所见 这个是完全密封的 As you can see, it’s all fully sealed
我们这个高配置的连接器 We have this very high-spec connectors on which
跟坦克或军用喷气机上的一样 is the same as you find in a tank or military jet
他们可以 多次被连接和再连接 They could be connected and reconnected dozens of times
就是这个 一个完成了的线束 So there you go, one finished harness
所以刚才我们在墙上看到的所有线都在里面 So all of these wires we saw on the wall all inside that?
你看到的都在这 All inside there, you saw that
这个车身是什么情况呢 What’s going on in this body shell?
这是一个车架 漂亮有光泽 Well, this is a shell, all nice and shiny
而它只是被喷上了油漆 So what it does to itself is being painte
在完成之前我们就住在这里 This is where we live now till it’s finished
旁边的部件和零件都 So all the components and assemblies around the site
送到车间里 然后被一件件地装到车上 come into this workshop, and then fitted piece by piece into the car
我们之前见到的东西中第一个 so one first thing that goes in which
被装上的就是刚才看到的线束 we watched earlier is the wiring harnesses
诸如制动管之类的东西 还有雨刮 Things like brake pipes we’ve got the windscreen
来把它们擦掉 这对民用车来说是相当规范的 wipes them up here, which is pretty much standard for a road car.
它没有被加固或之类的吗 And it does not be reinforced or anything like that?
那就是雨刷的唯一作用 It’s the only thing the windscreen wiper promotes
可以让它尽可能得变轻 主要是重量的问题 which will make it as light as possible clearly, it’s all about weight
放进去的任何东西 如你所见 Anything coming inside, you can see that
我之前说过的树状支架现在 the bracket tree I talked about earlier is now
正在被安装到 转向柱 转向齿条 be fitted to the steering column, and the steering rack
被安装到树状支架上 踏板箱正在安装 fitted to that bracket tree, the pedal box is going in
可以看到正在给刹车系统安装一些液压管 You can see some hydraulic lines going in for the brake system
一点点地进行安装直到全部完成 And bit by bit, this will be built up till it’s finished
一辆车要全部完成 我想大概要花两到三周 A fully finished car, it’ll take probably two or three weeks I think
这跟制造一辆民用车是一样的形式吗 And it’s the same format for making a road car as well
就是用金属线来安装的时候 when you’ll fit it well with wires?
如果你曾经去过工厂的话 Uh, see you know , if you have been to a factory, to go to manufacture
这儿有30英里 生产线上 which is 30 miles from here, a car comes off the
每分钟就可以生产一辆车 差不多60秒 production line by every minute, every 60 seconds or so
我们做的话 会花上3周时间 We doing, it’ll take 3 weeks
所以说 过程不同 这不是全机械化的 而是手工的 So, different process, it’s not all automated, it’s all very manual
这些都是技能熟练的人 所以原则是 These are very skilled people, so, the principle is
所用时间一样 但是却完全不同 the same time it takes, it’s completely different
在我这没受过一点训练的人看来 只要装上四个轮子 To my very untrained eye, this car, if you put four wheels on it
这辆车看起来就可以开了 对吗？ it looks like it’s ready to race. Am I right?
还有 如果在车间里看上了这辆车 多少钱可以买到 ？ And also, how do we get this when we see it in the workshop?
很明显 一辆车要从刚才那样变成现在这样要花上好几周 Well, clearly, it will take couples of weeks to go from that to this
不过 是的 这是一辆已经完成的车 装上四个轮子 but yes, it is a finished car, put four wheels on it
你现在就可以把它开出车间了 you could drive it out of the workshop now
而我们只要价四十万英镑 All we ask for is four hundred thousand pounds
四十万英镑 那我和老板谈谈 Four hundred thousand pounds? Let me talk with the boss