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Hello, everyone. I’m Venus Zhang.
大家好，我是Venus Zhang.

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Today I’m going to talk about how to make weather prediction in your future workplace.
今天我们将学习如何在你今后的职场中预测天气。

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As a student that just graduate from the college, you may have lots of chances to make a schedule or an appointment depending on the weather,
作为一名毕业生，你将有许多机会根据天气做日程计划或者安排预约，

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since outdoor activities will be greatly curtailed by heavy rain, snow and the wind chill. 
因为大雨、下雪或者风寒会大大影响你的计划安排。

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This case happens to Meryl too，who just got the message from the manager. 
Meryl也遇到这样的情形，经理发她信息，

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who asked her to make a weather prediction and schedule an outdoor exhibition. 
让她做一个天气预测，再安排室外展览日程。
 

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Here goes the message from the manager. 
经理发送给Meryl的信息如下：

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Hello! Mr. Cohen.
Cohen先生，您好！

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Have a seat, please.
请坐。

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Thank you, sir.
谢谢您。

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Our company will hold a three-day leisure products exhibition in Shanghai next month. 
我们公司下个月将在上海举办为期三天的休闲产品展览会。

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I know that  late spring is the rainy season, so I do not expect to hold the exhibition when it rains.
我知道春末通常也是雨季，但我不希望碰上雨天， 

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because this is an outdoor exhibition.
因为这次举办的是户外展览会。 

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So, Meryl, please check the weather forecast from March 10th to March 20th and give me advice on the best time to hold the exhibition.
Meryl, 请查询3月10日至20日的天气预报，
并且就适合举办展览会的日期给我建议。

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Yes, sir. I’ll do my best.
好的，先生，我会尽力做好。

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But how can I make a weather forecast?
可是我该怎样做天气预报呢？

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All right, to help Meryl out, we need: first, know the vocabulary for describing weather, including adjectives, verbs and nouns; 
那么，为给Meryl解惑，我们首先应当了解描述天气所需的形容词、动词及名词等。

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next, the modals verbs for talking about possibility, 
接下来，我们要学习预测天气所需的情态动词，

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and finally, several sentences for predicting weather. 
最后学习预测天气的句型。

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Let’s talk about the vocabulary first. 
我们先来学习词汇。

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When describing the weather conditions, we usually observe the sun, cloud, and some phenomenon of the earth. 
在描述天气时，我们常观察太阳、云朵等一些天气现象。

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So we can use “snowy”; 
因此我们可以用的词汇包括“下雪的”：

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“stormy”, which is to describe the violent rain with strong wind and often thunder and lightning; 
“暴风雨的”是用来描述伴有强风，时常有雷电、强降雨的天气；

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“rainy”; 
“下雨的”；

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“windy”;
“刮风的”；

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“breezy”, which is to describe the light or gentle wind;  
“有微风的”用来描述较弱的微风；
 

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“foggy”, a state of mass of droplets of water vapor; 
“雾深的”用来描述凝结成细微水滴悬浮于空中的水汽;

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and “sunny”, which is the favorite of all of us.
以及“和煦的”，阳光明媚的天气可是我们大家都喜爱的。

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Besides the adjectives for describing what the weather’s like, we also need to describ our feelings about how hot or how cold it is.
除了描述天气，我们还需要描述对温度的感知。
 

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Then, comes the temperature. 
因此，接下来我们谈谈温度。

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Here, we can use words like “frozen”, “cold”, “chilly”, “cool”, “warm”, “hot” and “scorching”
我们用诸如“冰冷的”、“寒冷的”、“冷飕飕的”、“凉爽的”、“温暖的”、
“炎热的”、“酷热的”等词汇来表达我们对冷热的感知。

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These words are listed as the degree of heat that our body may feel. 
以上几个词是按照我们人体对外界温度感知的从低到高排序的。

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Then, to express the amount of water vapor, we can use words like “dry”, “wet”, “humid”, etc. 
另外，如要表达空气中的水汽含量的不同程度，
我们可以用“干燥的”、“潮湿的”、“湿润的”等等。

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As for verbs about weather, besides "snow" and "rain",we could use “hail”, the small balls of ice or sometimes snow, 
而动词方面，我们有“下冰雹”，一种小冰粒或小雪球，

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and “sleet”, the frozen rain or mixture of rain and snow or hail.
以及“雨夹雪”或“冻雨”，

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In addition to “storm”, which is what we explained just now, we can also use some nouns like “tornado”, “hurricane”, and “typhoon”.
除了“暴风雨”可以作为名词，
还需学习一些名词如“龙卷风”，“飓风”以及“台风”。

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All these three are severe and powerful storm. 
以上三种风都是强风。

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Having learnt the vocabulary, you may wonder “how should I predict the possibility of weather while it is so changeable?”
在学习了词汇之后，你可能会好奇天气如此多变，
我如何才能预测天气的可能性呢？

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Well, let’s move to modals for talking about possibility. 
那么，我们接下来谈谈如何应用情态动词来表达可能性。

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The range of intensity or degrees, from the weakest to strongest is as follows: might, could, should, must, and will. 
情态动词在表示可能性时由弱至强的排序是“might, could, should, must, will”。

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“Might” shows the weakest possibility, which is of only 10% or less chance. 
“Might”表示只有10%的可能，其可能性最弱。

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For instance, if your friend is jogging on a hot summer evening but it’s a little cloudy,
例如，假如你的朋友要在稍微多云的夏日傍晚慢跑，

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you can give your friend suggestion like “It might be cool and you could wear a sweater.”
你可以给出这样的建议：“气温可能稍凉，把运动衫穿上吧。”

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“Could” is used to express 20% of certainty.
“Could”表示有20%的可能性。

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So if you want to give advice to whom try to do outdoor exercise on a snowy day, 
因此如果要给在下雪天做户外运动的他人提建议时，

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you should say “It could snow and you should practice inside.”
应当说“可能会下雪，你应该在室内做运动。”

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Then, to offer suggestion for someone who’s going to go outside when it’s quite cloudy,
在给大阴天出门的人建议时，

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you could say “It's going to rain and you should take an umbrella.” 
你可以说“要下雨了，你应该带把伞”；

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because “should” is of 50% certainty.
这里“should”表示有50%的可能性。

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When you are 90% sure about something, you could use “must”. 
如果对某事有90%的把握性，你可以用“must”。

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For instance, “There is a great chance of rainy weather and it must rain and remain cold.” 
举个例子，“下雨的可能性很大，这天天气很可能下雨而且会一直很冷。”

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To express 100% certainty, you should use modal verb “will”. 
在表示100%可能性时，可以用“will”。

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For instance, on a cold winter day, you could predict “Temperatures will drop to below -5 degrees and it could snow today.”
例如，如果冬天的某天很冷，
你可以预测说“由于温度要降到零下五度了，今天有可能会下雪”。

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The third step to make prediction about weather needs our application of certain sentence patterns. 
第三步我们学习预测天气的句式。

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Here, we offer you a map to do a simulation of weather forecast. 
这里有一副天气预报的地图供大家做模拟演练。

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What can you tell from the weather map? 
根据地图，你可以说些什么呢？

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Look, with useful expressions given, please try to give a weather forecast by using sentences such as
根据给出的短语提示，请试试用这些句子来预测天气，

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“It could be warm in Salt Lake City, because according to the map Area One is sunny and there is only 20% chance of rain;”
“根据地图，区域一阳光明媚，只有20%的可能性下雨，
因此盐城可能天气怡人。”

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“It should be very cold in Houston because the map shows Area Three has 50% chance of sleet and ice.”
“地图显示，区域三有50%雨夹雪并结冰的概率，因此休斯顿应该会很冷。”

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With the vocabulary, modal verbs and sentence patterns that are mentioned above, 
学习了以上所讲的词汇、情态动词及句型，

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we can now use weather forecasts to determine what to wear on a given day, and how to make appointments and schedule activities.
现在我们可以利用天气预报得知某一天如何穿衣，
如何计划日程和安排预约了。

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Planning ahead based on weather prediction and forecasts will help survive them. 
提前预测天气可以避免这些活动受到天气影响。

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But here, you may also want to know, what if we need to give a suggestion by using the negative forms of modal verbs? 
但是你可能还会提出疑问，如果要通过情态动词的否定形式来预测天气，
该如何做呢？

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For instance, when it is both sunny and cloudy, what should we say about the weather? 
例如，如果天气晴间多云，我们应该怎么说呢？

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Well here, we can form negative statements such as ‘there isn’t a great chance of rain”, 
这里，我们可以说“下雨的可能性不大”，

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“it is not very likely to rain”, or “it will not rain” to predict the impossibility of weather.
 “不大可能下雨”，或者“不会下雨”。

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By searching on the Internet, Meryl now has got the weather forecasts from March 10th to March 20th, 
通过上网，Meryl已经查询到3月10日到20日的天气预报。

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and she can make a weather report with the vocabulary, modal verbs and sentence patterns that we just learnt. Here goes the report she is preparing. 
她会用我们刚才所学到的词汇、情态动词及句型做一个天气汇报。请看：

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Look, she just got the message from the manager, and tomorrow she has to meet him and give him the report she prepares.
现在，Meryl刚收到经理发来的信息，
明天她将去见经理并提交准备好的报告。

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Good afternoon, Mr. Cohen. 
下午好，Cohen先生。

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Good afternoon, have a seat please.
下午好，请坐下。

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Thank you.
谢谢。

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I have checked the weather prediction online,  and I‘ve prepared this for you. May I talk about it now? 
我在网上查阅了天气预报，并且准备了这个报告。
我现在可以告诉您有关的天气情况吗？ 

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Yes, please. 
好的，请说。

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Well, there is a 30% chance of rain on the 10th and an 80% percent chance of rain the next day. 
3月10有30%的可能性会下雨，而11日有80%的可能性下雨。

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It will rain all day on the 12th and 13th and the temperature is going to drop to 16 degrees.    
12日和13日全天都会下雨，温度也将下降至16度。 
   

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There could be sun with light showers on the 14th and 15th, 
14日和15日可能会转晴并且伴有小的阵雨，

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but there is a good chance of nice weather starting on the 16th through the weekend. 
但从16日至周末很有可能是好天气。     

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There will be a mix of sun and clouds on these days but it will not rain. 
这几天天气将是晴间多云，但肯定不会下雨。    

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So I think it may be better if the exhibition is held from the 16th to 20th. 
所以我认为16日至20日之间举办展览会比较合适。

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I’ve written a brief weather prediction for Shanghai. Here you are. 
我做了一个简短的上海天气预报给您。

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Thank you. You know, one of the most important parts of planning this exhibition is having the weather forecast. 
谢谢你。你知道，制定会议计划时，最重要的就是要了解天气预报。

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Your advice is very helpful.
你的建议很有帮助。

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For reviewing what we have learnt in this lecture, you should finish an assignment and give me your self-assessment and feedback about this lecture.
为了巩固本堂课所学，请完成作业并对本次课进行自我评价和反馈。

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Now, as Meryl has solved her problem, how about you? 
好啦，Meryl已经解决了她的疑惑，你呢？

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Hope you have learnt how to make weather prediction with modal verbs and vocabulary about weather. Thank you. 
希望你从本堂课中学习到了如何用情态动词和相关词汇预测天气。谢谢！