(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
-今晚，寻找雪人， - Tonight, the search for the Yeti,
传说中潜伏的生物 a creature of myth allegedly lurking
在最高的山峰之间 amongst the highest peaks
在东亚的群山中 of the mountains of Eastern Asia.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
——《雪人的故事》 - Tales of the Yeti,
这只来自高山的神秘野兽 this mythical beast from the high mountains
亚洲和西伯利亚 of Asia and Siberia,
已经存在了几千年。 have existed for thousands of years.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
-传统信仰认为雪人 - Traditional beliefs that the Yeti
实际上是在保护圣山的山峰 is actually protecting the sacred mountain peaks
如果人类侵占了这些空间， and that if humans encroach on those spaces,
他们一被发现就被杀了。 they get killed on sight.
-如果雪人真的存在 - If the Yeti does exist,
它是一个生命体还是其他什么东西？ is it a living being or something else entirely?
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
这是一个应该灭绝的物种 - This is a species that should have gone extinct
几千年前。 thousands of years ago.
-没有正常的动物能存活 - No normal animal could survive
在那样的高度。 at those altitudes indefinitely.
-现在，我们将探索最重要的理论 - Now, we'll explore the top theories
围绕着这个传说中的生物。 surrounding this legendary creature.
-这是一颗来自生物的牙齿 - This is a tooth that comes from a creature
那有点像猩猩， that was kind of like an orangutan,
除了这个大约有10英尺高 except that this one is around 10 feet tall
它可能重约1200磅。 and potentially weighs around 1,200 pounds.
-很难说是2000年 - It's hard to say 2,000 years
目击者的证词都是认错人了。 of eyewitness accounts is all just mistaken identity.
那么到底发生了什么？ So really what is happening here?
-在那么高的海拔 - At that high an altitude,
也许人们并没有看到他们以为看到的东西。 maybe people don't see what they think they're seeing.
-雪人到底是什么 - What exactly is the Yeti,
它真的存在吗？ and could it really exist?
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
2019年4月9日，喜马拉雅山。 April 9th, 2019, the Himalayas.
印度军队远征 An Indian army expedition
是在一个偏僻的山口吗 is on a remote mountain pass
位于尼泊尔和中国边境 on the border of Nepal and China
当他们有了一个奇怪的发现， when they make a bizarre discovery,
雪地上留下了巨大的脚印 massive footprints in the snow
与地球上任何已知的动物都不匹配。 that don't match any known animal on earth.
-他们发现的脚印看起来不像人类 - The footprints that they find don't look human
以任何方式，形状或形式。 in any way, shape or form.
脚印长约32英寸 The footprints measure about 32 inches long
15英寸宽， by 15 inches wide,
这远远超出了 which is significantly beyond
正常的人类脚印应该是什么样的。 what any normal human footprint should look like.
-他们做了我们现在任何人都会做的事， - They do what any of us would do nowadays,
也就是他们发推特。 which is they tweet it.
他们拍照。 They take pictures.
他们把照片放到网上 They post them online
来自印度军方官方推特账号。 from the official Indian Army Twitter account.
-他们向全世界发推特说， - They send a tweet to the world saying,
我们找到了雪人 we have found the Yeti,
科学界 and the scientific world
神秘动物学的世界爆发了。 and the crypto zoological world explodes.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
雪人的故事， Tales of the Yeti,
这只来自高山的神秘野兽 this mythical beast from the high mountains
亚洲和西伯利亚 of Asia and Siberia,
已经存在了几千年 have existed for thousands of years,
他们是怎么描述它的 and what they describe it as
是一个巨大的，高耸的，长着尖牙的两足生物吗 is a large, towering, fanged, bipedal creature
从头到脚都被头发覆盖， that is covered from toe to head in hair,
它同时具有猿和人的特征。 and it has the features of both an ape and a human.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
-[劳伦斯]第一次有记录的目击 - [Laurence] The first recorded sighting
雪人的故事发生在公元前4世纪 of the Yeti occurs in the fourth century BCE
——公元前326年 - In 326 BCE,
当亚历山大试图征服喜马拉雅山时 as Alexander is attempting to conquer the Himalayas,
他听到了雪人的故事， he hears these stories about this wild man of the snows,
于是他派他的军队去了 and so he sends members of his army out to go
看看他们能不能找到这头野兽， and see if they can find this beast,
但无济于事。 but to no avail.
没有怪物或野人被抓过。 No monster or no wild man is ever caught.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
(喇叭) [horns blaring]
-雪人的起源， - The origins of the Yeti,
它到底从哪里开始还不得而知， where it actually begins, is unknown,
但我们可以追溯到公元七世纪 but we can go back to seventh century CE
如果你看一下西藏民间传说 where if you look at Tibetan folklore,
他们描述了一个狂野的，多毛的人， they describe a wild, hairy man of the mountains,
最初被称为冰川兽。 originally known as the glacier beast.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
如果你看看西藏的宗教信仰， And if you look at Tibetan religious beliefs,
他们认为雪人实际上是森林之神 they see the Yeti as actually a god of the forest
以及生活在其中的所有动物。 and all the animals that live within it.
-没有一致的协议 - There's not consistent agreement
关于这种生物的本性。 about the nature of this creature.
几乎每个人都同意它的存在。 Everyone pretty much agrees that it exists.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
有些文化以他为特色 Some cultures feature him
凶猛、好斗、危险。 as feral, and aggressive, and dangerous.
其他人描述得更多 And others describe it more
害羞甚至调皮。 as shy or even mischievous.
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
有思想和传统信仰 There are ideas and traditional beliefs
雪人是精神保护者 that the Yeti is a spiritual protector,
它实际上是在保护神圣的山峰， that it's actually protecting the sacred mountain peaks,
如果人类侵占了这些空间， and that if humans encroach on those spaces,
他们一被发现就被杀了。 they get killed on sight.
(标志着) [flags flapping]
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
-[劳伦斯]雪人先抓住 - [Laurence] The Yeti first captures
现代世界的想象力 the modern world's imagination
在20世纪之交。 at the turn of the 20th century.
——1899年，苏格兰探险家劳伦斯·瓦德尔说 - In 1899, Scottish explorer Laurence Waddell
出版了他的书《在喜马拉雅山脉之间》 publishes his book, "Among the Himalayas,"
他在书中谈到了他正在进行的一次短途旅行 and in it he talks about an excursion that he's going on
而在喜马拉雅山脉。 while in the Himalayan Mountains.
他讲述了一个在17000英尺高空的故事 - He recounts a story of being at 17,000 feet
遇到了一系列的足迹， and coming across a series of tracks,
他看着他的向导说：“这是什么？” and he looks to his guides and is like, "What is this?"
他们说：“这是永恒雪地里的野人。” They say, "This is the wild, hairy man of the eternal snows."
1921年，探险家查尔斯·霍华德-伯里 - In 1921, the explorer Charles Howard-Bury,
他在两万英尺的高空 he's up around 20,000 feet,
他和他的向导们也看到了同样的事情， and he and his guides also see this same thing,
雪地上这些巨大的脚印。 these giant footprints in the snow.
于是他拿出望远镜， So he pulls out his binoculars,
扫视着地平线， and is scanning the horizon,
他确实看到了一些东西。 and he actually sees something.
他在雪地上远眺， He sees off in the distance against the snow,
这个巨大的笨重的生物。 this giant lumbering creature.
现在，它已经很远了。 Now, it's far away.
他看不到很多细节， He can't see a lot of details of it,
但很明显， but it's really clearly there,
在雪的映衬下显得十分鲜明。 stark against the snow.
当他问他的向导， When he asks his guides,
“好吧，那我现在看到的是什么？” "Okay, so what am I seeing here?"
他们也给他一个答案。 they also have an answer for him.
“雪地里的野人。” "The wild man of the snows."
他们称它为Meetoh Kangmi。 They call it the Meetoh Kangmi.
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
-霍华德-伯里后来接受采访时 - When Howard-Bury is later interviewed
一位记者讲述了他在喜马拉雅山的经历 by a journalist about his experience in the Himalayas,
他提到Meetoh Kangmi。 he mentions Meetoh Kangmi.
记者错误地将Meetoh这个词替换为 The reporter mistakenly substitutes the word Meetoh,
意思是狂野，有械甲怪，很肮脏。 which means wild, with mech, which is filthy.
这么少的新闻修饰。 So little journalistic embellishment.
在语言上耍点小把戏。 Little playing around with some language.
正因为如此， And because of this,
雪人现在获得了一个全新的头衔 the Yeti now gains a brand new title
从此被称为“可恶的雪人”。 and becomes known henceforth as The Abominable Snowman.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
-有这种想法 - The idea that there is
某种未被发现的巨大的两足生物 some undiscovered, giant, bipedal creature
生活在亚洲和西伯利亚的山区 living in the mountains of Asia and Siberia,
那只会火上浇油 well, that just stokes the fires
在科学界， of the scientific community,
这就开始了奇妙的充电 and it basically begins this wonderful charge
到山里去发现这个。 into the mountains to discover this.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
谁会第一个发现呢？ And who's gonna discover it first?
- 1951年有两个英国探险家 - In 1951, you've got two British explorers,
埃里克·希普顿和迈克尔·沃德博士， Eric Shipton and Dr. Michael Ward,
他们来到了喜马拉雅山脉 who make their way to the Himalayan Mountains,
它们也是探索的一部分。 and they are again, a part of an exploration.
在他们攀登山脉的过程中 As they're ascending these mountains,
它们也会在雪地里发现这些脚印。 they also come across these footprints in the snow.
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
-这些脚印真有趣 - The footprints are really intriguing
因为它是一个非常低的球状大脚趾， because it's a very low, bulbous big toe,
几乎更像拇指而不是脚趾， almost more like a thumb than a toe,
然后再加上三四个脚趾 and then three or four additional toes
看起来有点上瘾， that seem kind of hooked,
间隔不同。 spaced out differently.
毫无疑问是一只脚，而且看起来根本不是人。 Unmistakably a foot, and seemingly not human at all.
——在希普顿和沃德的家书中 - In their letters home, Shipton and Ward
描述这些脚印， are describing these footprints,
题目说不可能 and they're stating that there's no possible way
任何动物或任何人类 that any animal or any human
可能在喜马拉雅山留下了这些脚印 could have created these footprints in the Himalayas.
所以他们得出结论 So they conclude
这些脚印确实属于雪人。 that these footprints do indeed belong to the Yeti.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
——大约十年后，1961年，沃德医生 - About a decade later, Dr. Ward in 1961
在海拔一万九千英尺的大本营 is at a base camp at about 19,000 feet,
他遇到了一个尼泊尔人 and he meets this Nepalese man.
-他只穿了一件羊毛大衣就出现了 - He shows up in just a wool coat
没有鞋子，没有手套。 with no shoes and no gloves.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
接下来的14天他没有帐篷， Now, he spends the next 14 days without a tent,
气温只有个位数， and the temperatures were in the single digits,
到了晚上就更冷了。 and then at night getting even colder.
最神奇的是 And the most amazing part about it
他没有被冻伤， is that he didn't get frostbite,
-但这不是唯一的事情。 - But that's not the only thing.
他的脚看起来不像一个典型的人的脚。 His feet do not look like a typical human foot might look.
皮很厚。 The skin is thick.
脚趾畸形，呈球根状。 The toes are misshapen and bulbous.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
-沃德开始想， - Ward is starting to think, well,
如果他没有受到雪的影响， if he's not really affected by the snow,
他还光着脚走来走去， and he's also walking around barefoot,
有没有可能他在创造 is it possible he's creating
雪地上这些奇怪的脚印？ these odd footprints in the snow?
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
随着时间的推移，沃德开口了 Over time, Ward has spoken
对该地区的许多喜马拉雅居民来说， to a lot of Himalayan residents of the area,
他开始意识到这不仅仅是一个人的问题 and he's come to realize that it's not just one man
那就是光着脚走路， that's walking around barefoot,
而是生活在喜马拉雅地区的许多人 but a number of people living in this Himalayan region
都在做同样的事情， are doing the exact same thing,
赤脚走来走去。 walking around barefoot.
(神秘的音乐) [mysterious music]
-后来， - So later on,
沃德博士深入研究了这个理论。 Dr. Ward really delves into this theory.
他实际上提出了这个理论 He actually puts out this theory
冷诱导的血管扩张 of cold-induced vasodilation
而不是脚上的血管 so that instead of the blood vessels in the feet
四肢立即收缩 and the extremities immediately constricting
并像往常一样造成冻伤， and causing frostbite as they typically would,
它们扩张，收缩，扩张，收缩， they dilate and constrict, dilate and constrict,
让人们在雪地里光着脚 which allows people to be barefooted in the snow
在这样的温度下持续很长时间。 in these temperatures for extended periods of time.
[神秘的音乐继续] [mysterious music continues]
-[劳伦斯]沃德还提出这些足部畸形 - [Laurence] Ward also proposes that these foot deformities
在喜马拉雅山脉的某些地区更为常见。 are more common in certain areas of the Himalayas.
[神秘的音乐继续] [mysterious music continues]
-根据沃德的理论 - According to Ward's theory,
我们有偏远的村庄，没有医生，没有诊所， we have these remote villages, no doctors, no clinics,
这些基因缺陷。 and these genetic defects.
所以这些人 And so it would make sense that these people
天生就有这些东西 that are born with these things
不能做手术 that can't get operated on
你必须面对它。 just have to deal with it.
在这些极其偏远的地区 In these extremely remote regions,
村庄很小， the villages are very tiny,
所以只有几十个人， and so with just tens of people,
你可以想象这些基因缺陷 you would imagine that these genetic defects
基因库很小，可能还有近亲繁殖 with a small gene pool and possibly some inbreeding
将会代代相传。 would be passed on from generation to generation.
-这就能解释为什么这些目击事件 - And that would help explain why these sightings
一直以来都有报道。 have been so consistently reported over time.
不是一个人。 It's not one person.
这是整个人类的血统 It's an entire lineage of people
脚的形状是这样的 with feet shaped this way
赤脚走在雪地上。 walking barefoot over the snow.
-此外，喜马拉雅地区的人们 - Additionally, people in the Himalayan region
把穿鞋看作是非常正式的， look at wearing shoes as incredibly formal,
这是他们不一定想要做的事情。 which is something that they don't necessarily want to do.
最重要的是，如果你有一只脚 On top of that, if you're somebody that has a foot
上面有这么多畸形， with all of these deformities on it,
穿鞋会非常不舒服。 wearing shoes is gonna be incredibly uncomfortable.
-当我们把这些东西放在一起时 - When we put these things together,
人们脚的形状， the shape of people's feet,
事实是它是遗传的， the fact that it would be hereditary,
他们拥有这种近乎超级大国的事实 the fact that they have this almost superpower
赤脚走在雪地上， to walk barefoot over the snow,
我们得到了一个非常合理的解释 we get a really plausible explanation
埃里克·希普顿的照片。 for photos like Eric Shipton's.
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
沃德的理论提供了一个令人信服的答案 - Ward's theory offers a compelling answer
是什么造成了这些痕迹， to what could be making these tracks,
但是大的呢？ but what about the large,
人们看到的笨重的两足生物？ hulking, bipedal creatures that people are seeing?
它根本没有解释这一点。 It does not explain that at all.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
-[劳伦斯]雪人通常被描述为雪人 - [Laurence] The Yeti is commonly described
作为一个高大的，具有威胁性的生物 as a tall, menacing creature
从头到脚裹得严严实实，头发蓬乱， covered head to toe and shaggy hair,
但也有可能是几代人的见证 but it's possible many witnesses over the generations
都被认错人了。 have fallen prey to a case of mistaken identity.
-当涉及到雪人的目击者描述时， - When it comes to eyewitness accounts of the Yeti,
大多数目击者都看到了雪人 most of these eyewitnesses spy the Yeti
从很远的地方看， from a pretty far distance,
或者如果他们发现了任何证据， or if they do come across any sort of evidence,
比如散落的头发， like stray hairs for example,
这些散落的头发可能属于 these are stray hairs that could potentially belong
任何数量的生物。 to any number of creature.
这是1832年的一个很好的例子， - There's a really great example of it from 1832,
这位探险家B.H.霍奇森 this explorer B.H. Hodgson.
他在喜马拉雅山。 He's in the Himalayas.
他带了一群当地向导， He has a bunch of native guides with him,
他们都说看到过这种生物， and they all report seeing this kind of creature,
高大，多毛，两足，在远处。 tall, hairy, bipedal, off in the distance.
(悬疑的音乐) [suspenseful music]
-当他们接近那个生物时， - And as they approached the creature,
它飞进树林里去了。 it shot off into the woods.
他说，“这到底是什么？ And he was like, "What the heck could that possibly be?
一定是雪人。” It has to be the Yeti."
-所以在他发表了这篇文章之后 - And so after he published this account,
他实际上是反悔了 he actually backtracked
“肯定是只猩猩。” and said, "Must have been an orangutan."
[悬疑音乐继续] [suspenseful music continues]
你一定很好奇为什么一只猩猩， You've gotta wonder why would an orangutan,
谁通常住在苏门答腊岛 who typically lives in Sumatra
向南3500英里的热带丛林 3,500 miles to the south in a tropical jungle
在喜马拉雅山上做什么？ be doing up in the Himalayas?
唯一可行的借口就是巡回演出。 The only feasible excuse would be a traveling circus.
但是为什么马戏团要试图登上珠穆朗玛峰呢？ But why would a circus be trying to summit Everest?
-有可能他选了一只猩猩 - It's possible that he picked an orangutan
也许因为那是唯一一种生物 maybe because that was the only type of creature
他当时就知道这很像 known to him at the time that would resemble
他在旅行中可能在雪地里看到了什么。 what he potentially saw in the snows during his excursion.
-确实缺乏确凿的证据， - There's really a lack of hard evidence,
所以想要认真对待这个问题的研究人员 so researchers who want to take this question seriously
知道他们需要更多的东西。 know that they need something more.
它们需要DNA之类的东西。 They need something like DNA.
——2012年，牛津大学一位名叫布莱恩·赛克斯的教授 - In 2012, a professor at Oxford named Bryan Sykes
发出这一公众呼吁 sends out this public appeal
对世界上的每个人来说， to everyone around the world, basically,
把你的雪人样品寄给我。 send me your Yeti samples.
他得到了57个样本。 And he gets like 57 samples.
[悬疑音乐继续] [suspenseful music continues]
-大约一半，30个是可繁殖的， - About half of them, 30 of them are viable,
他开始测试他们。 and he begins testing them.
他发现了我们可能预料到的， And he finds what we might expect,
大量非常正常的动物， a large number of very normal animals,
马，狗，熊。 horses, and dogs, and bears.
- [Laurence]但是有两个样本 - [Laurence] But there are two samples
这真的很突出。 that really stand out.
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
-其中一个样本来自一个猎人 - One of those samples comes from a hunter
40年前在喜马拉雅山射杀了这头巨兽 that shot this giant beast 40 years prior in the Himalayas,
另一个样本 and the other sample
来自不丹的这个高海拔地区。 comes from this high-altitude area in Bhutan.
-这两个样本，经分析， - Both of these samples, upon analysis,
揭示它们紧密匹配 reveal that they closely match
一个已知的物种，Ursus maritimus，北极熊。 a known species, Ursus maritimus, the polar bear.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
对此，赛克斯推测道 Sykes, speculating on this, suggests
这也许就是我们现在看到的 that maybe what we're seeing here
是某种后代吗 is some sort of descendant
一种早期的北极熊。 of an earlier polar bear species.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
-现在，有一些研究人员推测 - Now, there are some researchers who speculate
那可能是北极熊 that perhaps the polar bear
这是在这些基因样本中发现的 that is being found in these genetic samples
实际上可能是一个亚种 might actually be a subspecies
一种叫做暴龙熊的北极熊。 of polar bear called Ursus maritimus tyrannus.
暴龙是一个物种中的怪物。 Ursus tyrannus was a monster of a species.
用后腿站立时，它高达12英尺 On its hind legs, it stood as tall as 12 feet
重量可能超过一吨。 and could weigh over a ton.
暴龙大约在4万年前灭绝， Now, Ursus tyrannus went extinct about 40,000 years ago,
但一些人推测这是可能的 but some speculate that it is possible
可能是暴龙熊的后代 that maybe Ursus tyrannus bred
和当地的其他熊一起 with other local bears in the region
几年之后 over a number of years
创造了一个新物种。 and created a new species.
-所以北极熊实际上有很多特征 - So polar bears actually have a lot of characteristics
使它们成为雪人的有力竞争者。 that make them a pretty good contender for the Yeti.
首先，它们完全适应了环境 For one, they are perfectly adapted
极度寒冷的气候。 to incredibly cold climates.
所以这些生物注定要生活在这样的条件下 So these are creatures that are meant to live in conditions
人类无法在其中生存， that human beings cannot survive within,
它们也很孤独。 and they're also really solitary.
-它们通常会漫游数百英里 - They will usually roam for hundreds of miles
独自寻找食物 by themselves in search of food.
所以有可能，如果你有这个单独的图形 So it is possible that if you have this solitary figure
独自漫步在这些白雪覆盖的环境中， roaming these snowy environs on its own,
似乎对任何事情都无动于衷， seemingly unfazed by anything,
有可能这种特殊的熊 it is possible that that particular species of bear
从远处看可能会被误认为是雪人。 could be mistaken for the Yeti from a distance.
-熊用四只脚走路 - The fact that bears walk around on four feet
让人们相信， would have people believe,
好吧，没办法把它和雪人混淆， well, there's no way to confuse that with a Yeti,
但如果你想想熊的脚印， but if you think about bear prints,
前爪实际上和后爪印结合在一起， the front paw actually combines with that back paw print,
这就形成了一个巨大的单一指纹， which would form a large single print,
看起来像是雪人的两足脚印。 which could look like a bipedal Yeti footprint.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
- [Laurence]但是当研究中的两个关键样本 - [Laurence] But when the two key samples from the study
然后重新测试，有一个问题。 are subsequently retested, there's an issue.
-两个独立的分子生物学家 - Two separate molecular biologists
看看赛克斯的结果 take a look at Sykes' as results,
他们质疑这些样本 and they contest that the samples
他想从中提取DNA that he was looking at to extract DNA from
实际上已经损坏了。 were actually damaged.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
- DNA是很脆弱的东西。 - DNA is a fragile thing.
所以如果这些样本没有被保存 And so if these samples had not been kept
在合适的温度下 at the right temperature
在适当的湿度下 with the right humidity,
它们分解得很快， they break down very quickly,
经过进一步的检查， and after further examination,
分子生物学家认为 the molecular biologists believe
这些DNA样本实际上更接近 that these DNA samples actually match more closely
喜马拉雅棕熊 the Himalayan brown bear,
它比北极熊小得多。 which is much smaller than a polar bear.
-但赛克斯本人坚持自己的解释 - But Sykes himself, he stands by his interpretation
可能是暴龙熊的后代 of this possible descendant of Ursus tyrannus.
不管怎样，它是暴龙熊的后代 Either way, a descendant of Ursus tyrannus
或者一只当地的熊， or a local bear,
我们仍然对雪人有一个合理的解释。 we still have a plausible explanation for the Yeti.
众所周知，熊是用两条后腿走路的， Bear species are known to walk on two hind legs,
所以我们仍然可以看到这些指纹的来源。 so we could still be seeing where these prints come from.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
-[劳伦斯]喜马拉雅山脉绵延不绝 - [Laurence] The Himalayan mountain range stretches
超过1500英里 for more than 1,500 miles
横跨五个国家。 across five countries.
这些国家中的任何一个 Any one of these countries
能掌握答案吗？ could hold the answer
这最终解决了 that finally solves
雪人之谜 the mystery of the Yeti.
但一些研究人员认为 But some researchers believe
最令人信服的线索来自中国。 that the most compelling clues come from China.
早在公元前300年左右 - As far back as around 300 BCE
最早的记载之一是一本汉语词典 one of the original accounts is a Chinese dictionary
提到了其中一个野人 that mentions one of these wild men
长着人类的脸 that have like the face of a human
还有野兽的身体。 and the body of a beast.
-在16世纪，明朝时期， - In the 16th century, during the Ming Dynasty,
一位名叫李时珍的博物学家描述了不同的类型 a naturalist named Li Shizen describes different types
中国到处都是野人 of wild men that exist all around China.
-现在，你必须明白中国 - Now, you have to understand that China
是一个非常大的国家， is an incredibly large country,
以及所有不同的山区 and all the different mountainous regions
它们都开始产生各自的传奇 all start to yield their own kind of legend
关于野人。 about the wild men.
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
多年来，这些中国传说开始融合 Over the years, these Chinese legends begin to coalesce
形成一个故事，一个神话， and form one story, one mythology,
一个传说，一个民间传说。 one legend, one bit of folklore.
这种传说中的生物现在被称为耶伦。 And this legendary creature now becomes known as the Yeren.
最著名的故事之一是这些野人， - One of the most well-known stories is that these wild men,
如果你遇到一个， if you come across one,
他们会充满喜悦的 they will be so filled with joy
在你临到的时候，他们必紧紧抱住你 at coming upon you that they will bear hug you
兴奋得昏过去， and pass out from excitement,
你会和他们一起倒下的 and you'll fall to the ground with 'em
因为它们太强大了，你逃不掉。 'cause they're so strong, you can't get away.
当它醒来时，就会吃掉你。 And then when it wakes up, it eats you.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
-然而，也有一些研究人员 - However, there are some researchers
谁推测耶伦 who speculate that the Yeren
可能并不完全基于神话和民间传说， might not entirely be based in myth and in folklore,
事实上，它可能是基于 and that, in fact, it might be based
一个曾经存在于地球上的物种， off of a species that existed on the planet,
事实上，那是很久很久以前的事了。 in reality, a long, long time ago.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
——叶林这个名字来自中国的神农架地区， - The name Yeren comes from the Shennongjia region of China,
1555年，当地报纸在哪里报道 where in 1555, a local newspaper reported
野人住在森林里 that wild men were living in the forest
就在城外， just outside of town,
他们正在进城 and they were coming into town
偷别人的狗和鸡来吃。 and stealing people's dogs and chickens to eat them.
-这些故事很容易被忽视 - It would be really easy to dismiss these stories
作为过去的遗迹， as being a relic of the past,
一个老妇人的故事， an old wives' tale,
但目击事件仍然存在。 but sightings persist.
- 1976年，6名官员 - In 1976, six officials
来自中国地区林业委员会 from the Chinese Regional Forest Committee
走在树林里， are walking along in the woods,
他们遇到了这些野人。 and they come across these wild men.
它们离它们只有几码远， And they get within a few yards of them,
他们描述了它们 and they describe them
因为个子高，头发浓密， as being tall, fully covered in hair,
还有面部特征 and having facial features
那是人类和猿的混合体。 that are a mix of humans and ape.
(悬疑的音乐) [suspenseful music]
- 2007年，一些游客 - In 2007, some tourists
都在神农架地区 that are in this Shennongjia region
说他们看到了这两个大块头 say they saw these two large figures
它们被毛发覆盖着， that are covered in hair,
当他们试图靠近时， and as they tried to approach,
那些人跑进了森林。 those individuals ran into the forest.
他们回去找护林员， They go back, they get forest rangers,
他们一起回去找出确切的答案 and together they go back to figure out exactly
这些生物去了哪里， where these creatures went,
他们发现了折断的树枝，一些脚印， and they find broken branches, some footprints,
甚至还有吃了一半的水果。 and even half-eaten fruit.
(小鸟喳喳叫) [birds chirping]
-这很难说 - It's hard to say
2000年的目击记录 that 2,000 years of eyewitness accounts
都是认错人了。 is all just mistaken identity.
那么到底发生了什么？ So really what is happening here?
[悬疑音乐继续] [suspenseful music continues]
(小鸟喳喳叫) [birds chirping]
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
——[劳伦斯]一个至今仍吸引着研究者的理论 - [Laurence] One theory that still intrigues researchers
直到今天，最早出现在1935年， to this day first emerges back in 1935,
感谢一位荷兰人类学家 thanks to a Dutch anthropologist
对远东有兴趣 with an interest in the Far East.
Ralph Von Koenigswald正在香港进行研究之旅， - Ralph Von Koenigswald is in Hong Kong on a research trip,
白天，他偶然走进一家药店。 and during the day he stumbles into a medicine shop.
他在里面的时候， And while he is in there,
他看到罐子里有一颗巨大的臼齿 he sees, in a jar, a giant molar
上面写着“龙牙”。 labeled "Dragon's Tooth."
-他们卖这颗牙的原因 - The reason they're selling this tooth
是因为这是传说吗 is because it's purported
如果你把这颗牙磨碎 that if you grind up this tooth
你吞下它， and you ingest it,
它应该能给你魔力。 it's supposed to give you magical powers.
但是Von Koenigswald看着那颗牙齿 But Von Koenigswald looks at that tooth
他说：“我知道这颗牙。 and he says, "I know this tooth.
我知道这是怎么来的。 I know where this comes from.
这是一颗灵长类动物的牙齿。” This is a primate tooth."
所以他买了那颗牙。 So he buys the tooth.
他收回了。 He takes it back.
对它进行研究。 Does research on it.
-通过他的研究 - And through his research,
他认为这是一种早期的原始人 he identifies it as an early hominid species
从人类家谱中。 from the human family tree.
据他说， According to him,
这种特殊的物种应该存在得足够久远 this particular species would've been far back enough
在人类族谱中 in the human family tree
它会完全被头发覆盖 that it would've been completely covered in hair
除了脸和手， except for its face and its hands,
有点像黑猩猩， kind of like a chimpanzee,
除了这只黑猩猩大概有10英尺高 except this chimpanzee would've been about 10 feet tall
重达1200磅。 and weighed upwards of 1,200 pounds.
-[劳伦斯]基于这种灵长类动物巨大的体型， - [Laurence] Based on the primate's immense size,
这个物种被命名为巨猿。 the species is named Gigantopithecus.
-过去八、九十年发现的化石 - Fossil discoveries over the last eight or nine decades
表明巨猿生活在这一地区 show that Gigantopithecus lived in the area
那是200多万年前的中国和西藏。 that is China and Tibet over 2 million years ago.
大多数科学家同意 Most scientists agree
巨猿大约在25万年前灭绝， that Gigantopithecus went extinct about 250,000 years ago,
但有些人相信， but there are those of us that believe,
因为这个地区地处偏远 because of the remoteness of the region
以及它们的适应能力， and their ability to adapt,
它们在高海拔环境中茁壮成长 they have actually thrived in the high-altitude environments
中国，西藏，不丹和西伯利亚。 of China, Tibet, Bhutan, and Siberia.
在20世纪50年代，一位英国动物学家， - In the 1950s, a British zoologist,
他看着希普顿的照片， he looks at Shipton's photographs,
他把自己的想法做成了一个石膏模型 and he creates a plaster mold of what he thinks
那个脚印看起来应该是。 that footprint would've looked like.
-他检查完石膏模型后， - After he examines this plaster cast,
他断定这不是熊发出的声音。 he determines this could not have been made by a bear.
它一定是由一个非常大的两足人科动物制造的， It had to be made by a very large bipedal hominid,
他断定它很可能是巨猿。 and he determines that it is likely the Gigantopithecus.
其他研究人员很快也表示了支持 - [Laurence] Other researchers soon voice their support
巨猿理论 for the Gigantopithecus theory.
——1977年，美国人类学家格罗弗·克兰茨认为 - 1977, American anthropologist Grover Krantz believes
巨猿能存活下来 that the Gigantopithecus could have survived
在喜马拉雅山脉偏远地区的一个小部落 in a small tribe in the remote areas of the Himalayas,
因此，它可以是基底 and, therefore, could be the basis
现代雪人是什么 for what the modern Yeti is.
有可能会有更多的层次 - [Laurence] It's possible there are even more layers
这种古老灵长类动物的起源故事。 to the origin story of this ancient primate.
-研究人员和科学家 - Researchers and scientists
发现的化石非常非常少 have found very, very few fossils
说到巨猿， when it comes to Gigantopithecuss,
正因为如此，很难给出答案 and because of that, it's very hard to suggest
巨猿有一个部落 that there's a tribe of Gigantopithecus
它悬在山间 that hangs out in the mountains
进化成一个新物种 and evolved into a new species
雪人的原型 that became the basis for the Yeti.
-直到我们找到完整的骨架 - Until we have something like a complete skeleton,
它仍将停留在投机领域。 it will remain in the realm of speculation.
对雪人传说的进一步研究表明 Further research into the Yeti legend suggests
雪人可能是更近的亲戚 that perhaps Yeti is an even closer relative
对人类的影响比我们之前想象的要大。 to humans than we had previously thought.
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
-几个世纪以来研究人员试图 - For centuries researchers attempting
来解开雪人之谜 to solve the mystery of the Yeti
依靠过不确定吗 have relied on inconclusive
或者间接证据来立案。 or circumstantial evidence to try to build their case.
尽管有一些令人信服的口述历史， Despite some compelling pervasive oral history,
确凿的证据来之不易。 the hard proof has not come easily.
但在2011年，一位俄罗斯科学家 But in 2011, a Russian scientist
宣布在西伯利亚有一项有趣的发现 announced an intriguing discovery in Siberia
这可能会彻底改变这种说法。 that could completely change the narrative.
- Igor Burtsev博士声称在一个山洞里发现了脚印 - Dr. Igor Burtsev claims to have found footprints in a cave
在西伯利亚的克麦罗沃地区 in the Kemerovo region of Siberia,
就在蒙古北部 which is just north of Mongolia,
他说是雪人留下的脚印。 footprints that he says belong to the Yeti.
(悬疑的音乐) [suspenseful music]
在洞穴里，研究人员不仅发现了脚印， - In the cave, researchers not only find the footprints,
但他们发现了可能是床上用品的东西 but they find what could be bedding
好像有什么东西在那里。 laid out as if something was staying there.
在床上用品中，他们发现了这些长长的灰色毛发。 And in the bedding they find these long gray hairs.
头发上的DNA测试证实了 DNA tests on the hairs confirm
它不是来自智人 that it is not from Homo sapien,
但它来自另一种原始人， but it is from another hominid species,
与智人有密切关系的人。 one that is closely related to Homo sapien.
[悬疑音乐继续] [suspenseful music continues]
- Burtsev总结说，白发 - Burtsev concludes that the gray hairs
都是在那个山洞里发现的 that were found in that cave
实际上属于尼安德特人 actually belong to Neanderthals
它们仍然生活在俄罗斯的这些山脉中 that are still living in these mountain ranges in Russia.
[悬疑音乐继续] [suspenseful music continues]
-布尔采夫不是唯一这样的人 - Burtsev is not the only person
把雪人和尼安德特人联系起来 to tie the Yeti to Neanderthal.
这个问题已经存在一段时间了 This is something that's been around for a little while
在俄罗斯学术界 in the Russian academic world.
——布尔采夫相信一个数字 - [Laurence] Burtsev believes a number
最近在西伯利亚看到雪人的证据支持了这一说法。 of recent Yeti sightings in Siberia support this claim.
- 2012年9月，有三起目击事件 - In September 2012, there's actually three sightings
在西伯利亚的克麦罗沃山脉 in the Kemerovo Mountains of Siberia.
事实上，其中最大的一个是渔夫。 In fact, one of the biggest was a fisherman.
他在巡航，他看到了 He's cruising along and he sees
他想的都是对的 what he thinks are just
一对熊在岸边喝水， a couple bears at the shoreline drinking water,
但当他靠近时 but as he gets closer,
他们真的站起来了 they actually stand up
然后跑进森林。 and run off into the forest.
[悬疑音乐继续] [suspenseful music continues]
-迄今为止，我们拥有的最有力的证据 - To date, the most compelling evidence we have
来自一个短视频 comes from a short video
摄于2013年2月。 that was taken in February of 2013.
一些男孩在一起玩 Some boys are playing along
克麦罗沃地区的乌尔河 the Ur River in the Kemerovo region,
他们看到了这个大型的两足人科动物 and they see this large bipedal hominid
穿过树林 walking through the trees
带着看起来像 carrying what looks like
成为后代或年轻的 to be offspring or young.
当他们兴奋地拍摄时，非常摇晃， And as they're excitedly filming this, very shakily,
那生物转过身来看着他们， the creature turns and looks at them,
他们失去了它。 and they lose it.
他们失去理智，然后逃跑。 They lose it, and they run.
-[劳伦斯]但是这些不同的相遇 - [Laurence] But were these various encounters
尼安德特人还是别的什么？ actually with Neanderthals or something else?
尼安德特人是一个非常独特的物种 - Neanderthals are a very distinct species
这是在大约40万年前出现的 that showed up around 400,000 years ago
在现在被称为欧亚大陆的地区 in the area of the world that's now known as Eurasia.
有一段时间大约是3万到5万年 There was a period of time for about 30 to 50,000 years
尼安德特人和智人共存的地方 where Neanderthals and Homo sapiens did coexist.
-尼安德特人的区别 - The difference between Neanderthal
人类非常瘦，我们的体型， and humans are that we are very thin, our builds,
它们在哪里非常健壮 where they were very robust
而且是为寒冷气候建造的。 and built for cold climates.
它们骨骼厚实，胸腔很大。 They had thick bones, a big rib cage.
它们有细长的头骨， They have elongated skulls,
又大又宽的鼻子，像一个厚厚的眉毛。 large, wide noses, and like a thick brow.
[悬疑音乐继续] [suspenseful music continues]
科学界认为 The scientific community believes
尼安德特人大约在4万年前灭绝 that Neanderthals went extinct about 40,000 years ago
因为他们在竞争 due to the fact that they were competing
以人类为资源。 with humans for resources.
-然而，有一些研究人员确实认为 - However, there are some researchers that do suggest
尼安德特人并没有灭绝 that Neanderthals didn't go extinct
它们继续生存 and that they continue to live on
在地球上非常偏僻的地区。 in very isolated regions of the planet.
-如果你是生活在俄罗斯北部的雪人，这是有道理的， - It makes sense if you're a Yeti living in northern Russia,
你基本上可以远离人类的视线 that you could basically stay out of view of humans
因为它非常偏远，非常寒冷， because it's extremely remote, extremely cold,
而且人类很少。 and there's very few humans.
这是雪人或尼安德特人居住的地方 It's a place where these Yetis or Neanderthals
能够和平地生存。 would actually be able to exist peacefully.
(火噼啪声) [fire crackling]
-如果大多数尼安德特人 - If the majority of Neanderthals
四万年前就灭绝了 went extinct 40,000 years ago,
除了这一小群人， save for maybe this small group,
这意味着已经有1000代了 that means that there have been 1,000 generations
尼安德特人之间的杂交 of Neanderthals interbreeding with each other,
当它们相互交配时， and as they interbreed with each other,
那些更野蛮的身体特征 those more brutish physical features
变得更加明显。 become that much more pronounced.
(紧张的音乐) [tense music]
你开始发展出一种原始人 You start to develop a kind of hominid
更浓密，更结实， that is even hairier, maybe even stockier,
也许更大，更丰满。 maybe even bigger, more barrel-chested.
-同样的品质，可能有助于 - The same qualities that could contribute
为什么尼安德特人能够 to why a Neanderthal species would be able
才能在这样的气候下生存 to survive in these climates
也可以解释今天雪人生物的出现。 could also explain the sightings of a Yeti creature today.
[紧张的音乐继续] [tense music continues]
-雪人似乎 - The fact that the Yeti seems
一旦被人类发现，它们就会立刻消失。 to vanish almost immediately once humans come upon them.
尼安德特人很擅长隐藏， Neanderthal would be very adept at hiding,
特别是如果他们知道他们的集体历史 especially if they know in their collective history
人类就是原因 that humans are the reason
只剩下一小把了。 there's only a small handful left.
和喜马拉雅山脉一样，西伯利亚非常偏远。 Like the Himalayas, Siberia is incredibly remote.
智慧物种存在的可能性 The possibility of a intelligent species
隐藏是有道理的。 staying hidden makes sense.
-你需要确凿的证据 - You would need definitive evidence
在你说这个理论站得住脚之前。 before you can say that this theory actually holds water.
但这是一个有趣的想法。 But it's an interesting idea.
[紧张的音乐继续] [tense music continues]
——[劳伦斯]试图辨认雪人的研究人员 - [Laurence] Researchers attempting to identify the Yeti
通常关注一种未知的动物或灭绝的物种， often focus on an unknown animal or a lost species,
但一些调查人员认为 but some investigators contend
那是人们认为他们看到的 that what people think they're seeing
其实是一种海市蜃楼。 is actually a kind of mirage.
-我们不能肯定 - We can't say for certain
外面有很多雪人 that there are a lot of Yetis out there,
但确实有很多目击事件。 but there are absolutely a lot of sightings.
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
那么人们看到了什么呢？ So what are people seeing?
我们问这个问题 We ask that question
并试图通过考古记录来回答这个问题， and try to answer it through the archaeological record,
通过化石记录， through the fossil record,
但我们也可以用心理学来回答这个问题。 but we could also answer that question with psychology.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
——1998年，著名登山家莱因霍尔德·梅斯纳尔 - In 1998, famed mountaineer Reinhold Messner
他决定写一本关于雪人的书 decided that he was going to write a book about the Yeti
来看看雪人到底是什么？ and get down to what is the Yeti really?
-莱因霍尔德·梅斯纳是第一人 - Reinhold Messner was the first person
独自攀登珠穆朗玛峰。 to do a solo ascent of Mount Everest.
他也是最早的人之一 He was also one of the first people
在没有补充氧气的情况下完成。 to do it without any supplemental oxygen.
他是一个知道的人 He is someone who knows
他在登山中所做的。 what he's doing in mountain climbing.
-他采访了尽可能多的人， - He interviewed as many people as he could,
夏尔巴人，不丹人，尼泊尔人，每个人。 sherpas, Bhutanese, Nepalese, everyone.
他想出了什么 And what he came up with
他相信人们实际上并没有看到吗 was he believes people are not actually seeing
有血有骨的动物。 a flesh-and-bone animal.
他们真正在经历什么 What they're actually experiencing
这就是所谓的空想性视错觉。 is something called pareidolia.
(悬疑的音乐) [suspenseful music]
-一种叫做空想性视错觉的现象， - A phenomenon called pareidolia,
从本质上讲，人类的大脑是在寻找模式吗 which essentially is the human brain finding patterns
看到设计之间的结构和联系 and seeing structures and connections among designs
其实并不存在。 that aren't actually there.
例如，为什么人们会看到圣母玛利亚 For example, why individuals have seen the Virgin Mary
在一片吐司中， in a piece of toast,
或者我们看到云中的身影。 or we see figures in the clouds.
-当你回到很久以前的时候 - When you go way back in deep time
当我们有事情要担心的时候， when, you know, we had things to worry about,
就像剑齿虎一样，分秒必争。 like a saber tooth cat, every second counts.
这让我们的大脑陷入了一个防御的陷阱。 And so that puts our mind into like a defensive trick.
所以空想性视错觉基本上是 And so the pareidolia is basically
你的大脑想多给你一点时间 your mind trying to give you an extra split second
为了远离危险。 to get outta the way of danger.
但很多时候只是虚惊一场。 But a lot of times it's just a false alarm.
- [Laurence]但那不是 - [Laurence] But that isn't
唯一的心理现象 the only psychological phenomenon
这就可以解释雪人了。 that could explain the Yeti.
[悬疑音乐继续] [suspenseful music continues]
-另一种可能的视错觉 - Another possible optical illusion
他们可能正在经历的 that they could be experiencing
遇到雪人的时候都是影子人。 when having a Yeti encounter are shadow people.
[悬疑音乐继续] [suspenseful music continues]
影子人是你的大脑在捉弄你。 And shadow people are your mind playing tricks on you.
-影子人就是你的感知 - A shadow person is literally you perceiving
阴影是一个具有威胁性的类人生物 that a shadow is a threatening humanoid
或者是一个威胁性的实体。 or a threatening entity.
举个例子，你半夜醒来， Example of this is you wake up in the middle of the night,
你看着床脚， and you look at the foot of your bed,
你可以看到这个黑影。 and you see this dark figure.
[悬疑音乐继续] [suspenseful music continues]
把它抖掉一点， You shake it off a little bit,
然后那个影子就消失了。 and then that shadow person is now vanished.
[悬疑音乐继续] [suspenseful music continues]
-有趣的是 - What's interesting about that
这取决于你的信仰体系。 is it depends on your belief systems.
相信超自然现象的人 People who believe in the paranormal or supernatural
更容易被看见吗 are far more susceptible to seeing
或者体验影子人。 or experiencing shadow people.
-然而，不是所有的影子人 - However, not all shadow people
都是想象的虚构。 are figments of the imagination.
还有另一种现象 There is another phenomenon
也就是我们熟知的布罗肯幽灵 that is known as Brocken spectre,
你望向远方， and you look in the distance,
你确实看到了一个威胁的影子，一个威胁的身影。 and you do see a menacing shadow, a menacing figure.
但当你站着的时候，就会出现破碎的幽灵， But Brocken spectre occurs when you're standing,
太阳在你身后， and the sun is behind you,
它实际上是把你的影子投射到你面前。 and it's essentially projecting your shadow in front of you.
-如果风在吹， - If the wind is blowing,
如果雾在移动， if that mist is moving at all,
阴影可能看起来以完全不相关的方式移动 the shadow might appear to move in ways totally unrelated
对那个身体投下阴影的人来说。 to the person whose body is casting that shadow.
在高海拔地区， In really high elevations,
尤其是在空气稀薄的地方， especially where the air is really thin,
布罗肯幽灵变得更加普遍。 the Brocken spectre becomes even more common.
太阳有更多的机会形成正确的角度 There's more opportunity for the right angle of the sun
物质有更多的机会 and more opportunity for a substance
或者一个可以投射阴影的表面。 or a surface on which the shadow can be cast.
这不难想象 It's not hard to imagine
人们看到了这个幽灵 that people seeing this apparition
也许可以归因于 might attribute some sort
对它有超自然的意义。 of supernatural significance to it.
——埃里克·希普顿本人 - Eric Shipton himself,
发现1951年指纹的英国登山家 the British mountaineer who found the 1951 prints,
他经历了一个破碎的幽灵 he experienced a Brocken spectre
1929年攀登肯尼亚山时， while climbing Mount Kenya in 1929,
他将其描述为看到一个影子 and he describes it as seeing the shadowy figure
美丽的彩虹笼罩着它。 with this beautiful rainbow light cast around it.
更容易相信的是， What's easier to believe,
人们看到了一个巨大的古人类遗迹 that people are seeing a giant relic hominid
在山间游荡 wandering the mountains
或者他们的大脑只是在捉弄他们？ or their minds are simply playing tricks on them?
-科学家推测是有的 - Scientists speculate there is
还有一种可能的解释 yet another possible explanation
在这样的高度看到雪人 for the sightings of Yetis at these altitudes,
这不是心理压力的问题 and it is less a question of a psychological stress
更多的是生理压力的问题。 and more a question of physical stress.
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
-[劳伦斯]几个世纪以来， - [Laurence] Over the centuries,
绝大多数雪人目击事件 the vast majority of Yeti sightings
都发生在高山上 have occurred high in the mountains,
一些研究人员怀疑这是有原因的。 and some researchers suspect there's a reason why.
-人类进化了 - Humans have evolved
生活在海平面上。 to live pretty much right at sea level.
所以当我们上升的时候 And so when we go higher
在海拔更高的地方， and higher up in elevation,
我们失去了氧的浓度。 we lose that concentration of oxygen.
-当有人在爬山时 - When you have people that are climbing mountains
比如珠穆朗玛峰或乞力马扎罗山， like Mount Everest or Mount Kilimanjaro,
他们通常会在 they usually will make base camp at around
在海拔17000到19000英尺的任何地方 anywhere from 17 to 19,000 feet,
他们会在那里待上几个星期 and they'll stay there for a few weeks
让自己适应更高的海拔 just to acclimate themselves to that higher altitude
这样当他们爬得更高的时候，他们就不会生病。 so that as they go higher, they don't get sick.
-但如果我们上升得太快， - But if we ascend to high altitudes too quickly,
那就是我们的身体开始让我们失望的时候。 that is when our bodies will begin to fail us.
你可以看到味觉，触觉， You can see taste, touch,
并充分体验 and fully experience something
那完全是你的想象。 that is completely a figment of your imagination.
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
高原反应可不是开玩笑的。 - Altitude sickness is no joke.
它实际上会导致死亡。 It can actually lead to death.
它的症状包括头痛恶心 Symptoms of it are things like headaches, nausea,
头晕、定向障碍、 dizziness, disorientation,
还有幻觉。 and also hallucinations.
-[劳伦斯]幻觉，这可以解释 - [Laurence] Hallucinations, which could explain
在喜马拉雅山脉与雪人相遇的悠久历史 the long history of Yeti encounters in the Himalayas.
-幻觉是一种感官体验 - Hallucinations are sensory experiences
完全产生于大脑内部。 entirely generated from within the brain.
所以这一点很重要 So it's important to note
幻觉不仅仅是想象。 that hallucinations aren't just imaginary.
感觉、看起来、听起来、闻起来都是真的。 It feels, looks, sounds, smells real.
[激烈的音乐继续] [intense music continues]
当一个人出现幻觉时， When someone experiences a hallucination,
就像精神病一样。 it's like a psychosis.
现实和幻想是没有区别的。 There's no distinguishing between reality and fantasy.
-有人患有高原反应 - Someone suffering from altitude sickness
甚至可能都没有意识到发生在他身上的事 may not even be aware that it's happening to him
因为症状的出现非常缓慢和微妙。 because the symptoms can come on very slowly and subtly.
前一秒，你还在那里，感觉很好 One second, you're there and you're feeling great
下一秒你就在和一个想象中的人说话。 and the next second you are talking to an imaginary person.
-这是一个例子 - There is an example of this
这发生在2008年。 that takes place in 2008.
是一个叫杰里米·温莎的登山者。 It's a mountaineer by the name of Jeremy Windsor.
杰里米·温莎正试图攀登珠穆朗玛峰， Jeremy Windsor is attempting to climb Mount Everest,
当他飞得越来越高， and as he gets higher and higher,
他突然有了一个同伴和他一起爬 he suddenly has this companion that's climbing with him
我叫吉米。 by the name of Jimmy.
-吉米跟在他后面。 - And Jimmy sort of keeps pace with him.
他用眼角的余光看到了他， He sees him kind of out of the corner of his eye,
越过他的右肩。 over his right shoulder.
他们互相鼓励 They encourage each other
因为他们正在努力登上顶峰。 as they're struggling to make it to the top.
-等他回到大本营 - When he gets back to base camp
开始向他的朋友吉米解释 and starts to explain his friend Jimmy,
很明显，不仅对他的同伴， it becomes very apparent, not only to his companions,
但对他来说，那个吉米完全是虚构的 but to him, that Jimmy was a complete figment
他的想象力。 of his imagination.
-幻觉出现的速度和消失的速度一样快， - Hallucinations often vanish as quickly as they appear,
这可以解释为什么人们会看到雪人， which could explain why people are seeing the Yeti,
因为雪人似乎 because the Yeti seems
当你仔细观察它的时候就消失了。 to vanish right when you get a good look at it.
-[劳伦斯]研究人员也相信 - [Laurence] Researchers also believe
我们的幻觉会受到影响 that our hallucinations can be influenced
根深蒂固的文化和个人信仰。 by deep-seated cultural and personal beliefs.
-幻觉时有发生。 - Hallucinations happen.
我们知道。 We know that.
这是人类生理上的体验， It's a human biological, physiological experience,
而是我们如何解释这些幻觉 but how we interpret those hallucinations
这很大程度上要归功于文化。 owes a lot to culture.
民俗学家称之为 Folklorists actually call this
文化来源假说 the cultural source hypothesis
当谈到解释超自然信仰时 when it comes to explaining a supernatural belief
有人这么做了。 that someone has.
(音乐的) [expansive music]
-如果你在喜马拉雅山 - If you're in the Himalayas,
你听说过雪人的故事， and you've been hearing about stories of the Yeti,
你的潜意识里可能会召唤雪人 your subconscious might actually drum up a Yeti
让你产生幻觉 for you to hallucinate
当你爬上这座山的时候。 as you're making your way up this mountain.
-我们知道在8000英尺的高空 - We know that at about 8,000 feet,
绝大多数人没有任何症状 the vast majority of people do not feel any symptoms
高原反应。 of altitude sickness.
然而，当你到达一万英尺时， When you get to 10,000 feet, however,
大约占总人口的75% about 75% of the human population
开始体验证据吗 does start to experience evidence
这种高原反应，包括幻觉。 of this altitude sickness, including hallucinations.
-大多数雪人目击事件也是如此 - So with the majority of Yeti sightings
发生在一万英尺以上 happening at above 10,000 feet,
这是合理的说法 it's reasonable to say
这些目击事件可能只是 that these sightings might just be
高原反应的症状。 a symptom of altitude sickness.
-[劳伦斯]但不是每个人都相信 - [Laurence] But not everyone is convinced
这种神话中的生物完全是虚构的。 this mythic creature is purely made up.
-实际上很难反驳这个事实 - It's hard to actually refute the fact
我们有相同的， that we have the same,
如果不只是几千年来类似的经历。 if not just similar experiences over thousands of years.
所以很难把它全部折现 So it makes it very difficult to just discount it all
就像某种幻觉 as some sort of hallucination
而不是可能存在的东西。 versus something that actually might exist.
事实是我们没有任何具体的线索 The fact that we don't have any concrete clues
几千年来 over thousands of years
让怀疑论者也加入进来 lets the skeptics basically weigh in
然后说，“不存在。” and say, "Doesn't exist."
但生物学家发现腔棘鱼 But biologists discovered the Coelacanth,
认为它已经灭绝了 thinking it was extinct
几万年前。 tens of thousands of years ago.
-没有单一的解释也是完全合理的 - It is also perfectly plausible that no single explanation
对雪人来说就是完整的解释。 for the Yeti is the entire explanation.
人类和科学也在不断发展。 Human beings and science are also continuing to evolve.
所以确凿的证据是非常可信的 So it's very plausible that the conclusive piece of evidence
这需要明确地证明它的存在 that is needed to definitively prove the existence
雪人的末日即将来临。 of the Yeti is just around the corner.
(强烈的音乐) [intense music]
-有一些特别吸引人的东西 - There's something uniquely compelling
关于一个狂野的，毛茸茸的类人 about a wild, hairy humanoid
在寒冷的阴影中徘徊 prowling in the cold shadows
在远东最高的山峰上 in the highest peaks of the Far East.
这是一个至今仍能激发人们惊奇的篝火故事 It's a campfire tale that still inspires wonder
直到今天，我都感到恐惧。 and dread to this day.
它是一个真实的生命遗迹， Is it a real life relic,
是心灵的诡计，还是别的什么？ a trick of the mind, or something else?
物证可能不存在， The physical evidence may not be there,
但阴谋仍在继续。 but the intrigue lives on.
我是劳伦斯·菲什伯恩。 I'm Laurence Fishburne.
感谢收看“历史上最伟大的谜团”。 Thank you for watching "History's Greatest Mysteries."
[激烈的音乐逐渐消失] [intense music fades out]