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between 13 16 and 13,
在13 16和13之间，
28 3 kings of France died without sons leaving Edward the third of England,
28 3名法国国王在没有儿子的情况下去世，爱德华是 英格兰的第三位，
the nephew of the previous Kings as the next in line to the throne,
以前国王的侄子作为下一个王位，
the French nobility were unwilling to see Edward inherit,
法国贵族不愿意看到爱德华继承，
the throne,
王位，
so,
所以，
with the help of the Avignon papacy crown to cousin of the previous Kings,
在阿维尼翁教皇之冠的帮助下，前任国王的堂兄，
Philip,
菲利普，
the sixth as King,
第六位为国王，
Edward reluctantly,
爱德华很不情愿，
accepted Philip as king and paid homage to him.
接受菲利普为王并向他致敬。
he had to do so because he held French territory as the English kings have since the normal invasion of 1066.
他不得不这样做，因为自从1066年的正常入侵以来， 英国国王一直占据法国领土。
although the English once held a great deal of territory by now,
虽然英国曾经占据过很多领土，
they only held Gascony.
他们只持有Gascony。
initially,
原来，
the agreement worked,
协议有效，
but in the 1330s that changed the English feared that the alliance between France and Scotland,
但在1330年代改变了英国人担心法国和苏格兰之间的 联盟，
the old alliance threatened England,
旧联盟威胁英格兰，
when Philip offered King David of Scotland,
当菲利普提供苏格兰的大卫王时，
refuge and the French were angered.
避难所和法国人被激怒了。
when Edward allowed,
当爱德华允许时
robert of Artois a claimant,
阿图瓦的罗伯特是一个索赔人，
to the French throne in declared mortal enemy of France to stay in England,
法国王位继承英国的法国王位，
so to challenge Edward Philip sent a fleet into the channel and in 1337 revoked Edward's ownership of Gascony in response in 1340,
因此挑战爱德华·菲利普派遣一支舰队进入该通道，并在 1337年撤销爱德华对加斯科尼的所有权作为回应，
headward claimed the French throne once again and formed alliances with the nobility in the Low Countries,
向前再次声称法国王位，并与低地国家的贵族结成联盟，
with their healthy English Navy,
与他们健康的英国海军，
emerged victorious at the path of slaves in gain control of the English Channel in 1341,
1341年英国海峡获得控制权的奴隶之路取得了胜利，
the war spilled over into Brittany,
战争蔓延到布列塔尼，
where a claimant to the throne,
申请王位的人，
John of Montfort,
蒙特福特的约翰，
received English backing in the Breton succession war against the French back halls of Blois.
在布列塔尼对布洛瓦法国后殿的继承战中获得英国支持。
finally,
最后，
by July 1346,
到1346年7月，
Edward had raised a large army and invaded Normandy and devastated the French at the Battle of Crecy.
爱德华曾在坎西战役中集结了一支庞大的军队并入侵了诺 曼底并摧毁了法国人。
however,
然而，
the war was halted with the arrival of the Black Death in the meantime,
随着黑死病的到来，战争停止了，
Philip died and was succeeded by king john ii in 1350,
菲利普去世，并于1350年由国王约翰二世接替，
once the Black Death passed hostilities resumed and the Black Prince,
一旦黑死病通过敌对行动恢复和黑王子，
the son of Edward,
爱德华的儿子，
the third landed in Gascony and in 1356,
第三次降落在加斯科尼和1356年，
crushed the French at the Battle of portieres and captured King John with John as prisoner France was thrown into a state of lawlessness,
在巴黎战役中粉碎了法国人并以约翰为俘虏约翰王作为囚 犯法国陷入了无法无天的状态，
but the English were unable to capitalize on this so after they failed to take Reims.
但是在他们没有拿到兰斯后，英国人无法利用这一点。
but he signed the Treaty of Brittany in 1360.
但他于1360年签署了布列塔尼条约。
expanded their holdings at France,
扩大在法国的持股，
King John to ransom,
约翰王赎金，
was never met and he died in England,
从未见过，他在英格兰去世了，
leaving the new King,
离开新国王，
Charles,
查尔斯，
the fifth,
第五，
with a lot to deal with.
有很多事要处理。
in the 1360s,
在1360年代，
the English back de Montfort's were in brittany.
英国后蒙特福特的英国人在布列塔尼。
charles ii of Navarre,
纳瓦拉的查理二世，
tried Lita claimed the Burgundian throne and civil war erupted in castile.
试图Lita声称勃艮第王位和内战在卡斯蒂利亚爆发。
although Charles v supported the claim into the Castilian throne,
虽然查理五世支持对卡斯蒂利亚王位的要求，
Henry of trois Tamara,
trois Tamara的亨利，
the Black Prince was able to help Peter of Castile maintain power.
黑王子能够帮助卡斯蒂利亚的彼得保持力量。
however,
然而，
this costly military excursion forced the Black Prince to raise taxes.
这次代价高昂的军事游览迫使黑王子加税。
this angered his lords in Gascony,
这激怒了他在加斯科尼的领主，
who appealed to Charles for help Charles called the Black Prince to Paris,
谁呼吁查尔斯寻求帮助查尔斯称黑王子到巴黎，
to settle the issue,
解决这个问题，
but he refused so.
但他拒绝了。
in 1369,
在1369年，
English ownership of Gascony was revoked again and hostilities resumed,
Gascony的英国所有权再次被撤销，敌对行动重新 开始，
but the English were now in a weak position.
但英国人现在处于弱势地位。
during this phase of the war henry of class tomorrow seized the throne of Castile peasants,
在战争的这个阶段，亨利上课明天占领了卡斯蒂利亚农民 的宝座，
revolted and the Black Prince and Edward.
反抗和黑王子和爱德华。
the third died leaving a child which the second as King,
第三个死了留下一个孩子，第二个作为国王，
the English,
英文，
were therefore driven out of all of their territory except Calais.
因此被驱逐出加莱以外的所有领土。
so in 1389 they signed a truce.
所以他们在1389年签了一份休战协议。
internal strife in both nations stalled the war for over a decade in England,
这两个国家的内部纷争在英格兰停滞了十多年，
Henry the fourth seized the throne.
亨利第四次夺取了王位。
the Welsh rebelled in discussion faded in France,
威尔士人在法国的讨论中反叛，
the new King,
新国王，
Charles's,
查尔斯的，
sick,
生病，
had mental problems and two factions fought for power.
有精神问题和两个派系争夺权力。
the almanacs led by the Kings brother in the Burgundians,
由勃艮第国王兄弟领导的历书，
led by the Kings cousin.
由国王表弟带领。
finally,
最后，
by 1415,
到1415年，
henry v new king of england,
亨利诉新英格兰国王，
had stabilized his kingdom and hoped to exploit this turmoil.
他稳定了自己的王国，并希望利用这场动荡。
the War of the Roses.
玫瑰之战。
in france.
在法国。
he landed on the continent and crushed the French.
他降落在非洲大陆并粉碎了法国人。
at the Battle of Agincourt,
在阿金库尔战役中，
half of the French nobility were killed in battle,
一半的法国贵族在战斗中丧生，
given the Burgundians the chance to take control in Paris as English armies captured Normandy in 1420,
鉴于英国军队在1420年占领了诺曼底，因此在巴黎有 机会控制巴黎，
Charles was forced to marry his daughter off to Henry and agree that their children inherit the throne of France,
查尔斯被迫将他的女儿嫁给亨利并同意他们的孩子继承法 国的王位，
however,
然而，
Charles's son refused to accept this and continue to fight in 1422,
查尔斯的儿子拒绝接受这一点并继续在1422年战斗，
both Charles's sake and Henry.
查尔斯的缘故和亨利。
the fifth died,
第五个死了，
although the infant Henry,
虽然婴儿亨利，
the sixth took the throne of England,
第六次登上英格兰王位，
no one was crowned King of France.
没有人被加冕为法国国王。
meanwhile,
与此同时，
the English continued to dominate in northern France until 1428 when they lay siege to Orleans there,
英国人继续在法国北部占主导地位，直到1428年他们 围攻那里的奥尔良，
a peasant girl who claimed to have spoken with God,
一个自称与上帝交谈的农民女孩，
Joan of Arc boosted French morale and helped them break through the siege,
圣女贞德鼓舞法国士气并帮助他们突破围困，
retake Reims and crowned Charles's king with the momentum of the war changed,
重新夺回兰斯并加冕查尔斯的国王，战争的势头发生了变 化，
the Burgundian signed a separate favorable piece of the French in 1435,
勃艮第人在1435年签署了另一份有利于法国的有利文 章，
leaving the English isolated.
让英语孤立。
nevertheless,
尽管如此，
the English held out for another 15 years,
英语再坚持15年，
but in 1450 they were pushed out of Normandy by a modernized French army.
但在1450年，他们被一支现代化的法国军队赶出了诺 曼底。
then,
然后，
in 1453 the Battle of Castile enforced amount of Gascony ending the fighting over the war formally ended in 1475.
1453年卡斯蒂利亚战役强制执行的加斯科尼结束了对 战争的战斗，于1475年正式结束。
France was now United and would continue to expand.
法国现在是联合国，并将继续扩大。
meanwhile,
与此同时，
the increasingly isolated English were left only with Calais on the continent and the humiliating defeat helped start.
越来越孤立的英语只留在大陆的加来，羞辱性的失败帮助 开始了。