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For centuries the thought that animals could talk,

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solve problems...

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Aw, she's got it.

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..even feel emotion,
was the stuff of fiction.

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But all that's changing.

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I'm Liz Bonnin, a scientist who's
been travelling the world,

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meeting the planet's smartest animals.

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From skateboarding dogs,

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to chimp geniuses.

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I've discovered cutting-edge research...

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This is ridiculous.

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that reveals animals are much
more intelligent than we think.

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But how smart are they?

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Prepare to be astonished...

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Ha-ha! Amazing.

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..entertained

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He wants to chase and tickle with you now.

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I want to chase and tickle with you too.

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(沙滩椅、雨伞出租)

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Did you see that?

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..and even outwitted...

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..by some of the world's greatest animal minds.

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超级聪明的动物
第一集

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'Einstein. We like Einstein.
Einstein likes you too!'

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Wherever you live,
whether it's the frozen Antarctic...

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the baking desert...

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..or the deepest ocean

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life can be a huge struggle.

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How do animals deal with the problems they face?

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Some have evolved extraordinary physical solutions

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over millions of years.

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But others use their brains.

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In the last few years, scientists
have made an incredible discovery.

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An animal that can beat us in an intelligence test.

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I didn't think it was possible.

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Until I came here. Home to some of
the smartest animals in the world.

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But it's not the jungle...

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..it's Japan.

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Kyoto University is home to world-beating experts

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in numbers and memory.

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And I don't mean the scientists.

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I'm talking about the chimps.

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Among them could be the world's greatest animal mind.

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A chimp child genius.

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His name is Ayumu.

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He was born at the University,
where he's  studied ever since.

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In this test, he's already mastered the order of numbers.

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Not bad for a chimp.

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But I've heard he's capable of much more.

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At five years of age, Ayumu had
already outclassed the very

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scientists who had set him his intelligence tasks.

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And now, apparently, at 11,

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he's performing feats of memory
that humans simply find impossible.

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And here's the test at which he excels.

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You've got a few seconds to commit these numbers to

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memory before they're covered up.

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The challenge is to remember where those numbers are

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and then recall them in the right order.

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Are you ready?

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It's definitely not easy,

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but just watch Ayumu.
 
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He's memorising those numbers in less than half a second.

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That is really impressive.

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He is fast and there is no way
he is doing this by accident.

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I mean to stumble across the right answer he'd have

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one in 362,000 chance of getting it right.

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It looks absolutely effortless.

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Ayumu's skills are special.

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But in the wild,animals are also proving

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they're much more intelligent
than we ever thought.

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I've come to Alaska, to find one
of the biggest brains on the planet.

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Any minute now they're going to hit the surface.

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Turn your head.

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Oh!

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Humpback whales.

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Here in Alaska,just a small group of them

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use their brains to catch fish
in a way seen nowhere else on Earth.

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In just a few weeks, they'll
set off on a 3,000-mile trip

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to their breeding grounds.

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But to survive the journey,
every one of these 30-tonne mammals

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needs to catch around a million fish.

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And catching that much food,
takes brains and teamwork.

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These guys could never catch
so many fish on their own.

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They've got to work together.

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And to be able to work together,
you've got to use your intelligence.

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But it's not just working as a team
that makes these animals so special.

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Off they go.

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One by one.

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It's what they're all making
when they're down there.

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Together they dive down.

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One whale circles the prey,

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letting out a chain of bubbles
from its blowhole, in a wide arc.

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Another whale swims below the fish

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frightening the prey upwards
with a feeding call.

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With this circular wall of bubbles

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the whales have essentially made
a fishing net out of thin air.

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This right here...

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..is one of the most impressive
tool-using social groups

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on the planet.

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Believe it or not, the bubble net
is actually a very effective tool.

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And it's only by using it that
each of these humpback whales

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can catch almost half a tonne of fish every day.

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That's what happens when you put your mind to it.

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Scientists once believed that using tools set humans

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apart from other animals.

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But we're not as special as we thought.

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Chimps were first spotted using tools in the 1960s,

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but since then we've noticed animal
tool-users all over the world.

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These boxer crabs pick up poisonous anemones,

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waving them to scare off attackers.

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Finches in the Galapagos use sticks
to winkle grubs from rotting wood.

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And sea otters in America crack shells against stones

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on their stomachs.

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These animals are impressive but
are they thinking things through,

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or is it just instinct?

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Can animals solve an unexpected problem

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they haven't had generations to perfect?

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To be able to do that, they'd need
a blinding flash of inspiration...

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..a Eureka moment.

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These "Eureka" moments are incredibly important

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to the scientists who study intelligence

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because it shows that something much
more complex is going on up here.

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Now, I'm here to show you
an animal that, like us,

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might just be capable of these
moments of true insight.

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This is Leipzig zoo in Germany.

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Scientists work closely with the apes here,

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and are setting some deceptively simple experiments,

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which prove that orang-utans can be as ingenious as humans.

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In this challenge, a tasty peanut
is placed at the bottom of a tube.

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It's too far for fingers to reach,

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and the tube is bolted securely to the bars.

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They're just presented with a tube and a peanut.

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They need to use their intelligence to figure it out.

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To find out how humans approach the problem,

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we set up a similar experiment for the visitors at the zoo.

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There you go,free sweets up for grabs.

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All you've got to do is get them out of the tube.

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We placed everything needed within reach.

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But not one human

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child or adult

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had a Eureka moment.

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So what happened the first time
this orang-utan, Dakana

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and her baby,were given this challenge?

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In a moment of genius Dakana takes
water from her drinking fountain

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and uses it, to float the peanut to within reach.

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One after another almost every orang-utan here

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was able to solve this problem by themselves.

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Result! She gets the peanut.

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Nobody's ever shown orang-utans how to do this.

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You know, if you raise
the level of something using water,

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not even a solid tool, but a liquid
tool, you can get your food reward.

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They figured this out by themselves.

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That's amazing.

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How do animals become so good
at solving unexpected problems?

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It helps to be able to think into the future,

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and to plan ahead.

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And living in the grounds of a Hawaiian hotel

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is an animal that looks like he can.

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A night heron.The staff call him Hank.

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His home is an all-inclusive resort,

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where food is literally thrown at you.

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Hank often loses out to the larger swans.

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But when he finally grabs some food,

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he does something completely unexpected.

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He doesn't eat it.

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But instead, appears to have a plan.

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Hank takes the bread.

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He places it in the water...

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..and he waits.

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He could eat it at any time.

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But he holds out for more.

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Two fish, in a single mouthful.

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Planning ahead certainly pays off.

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And Hank has learned how valuable his bait is.

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There's no point wasting it on fish
too big for him to eat.

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So, he takes it out of harm's way.

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There's increasing evidence
that some animals can plan ahead,

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which makes them fantastic problem-solvers.

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But it takes time to build up
the knowledge that you need,

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and a simple experiment can
demonstrate how animals learn.

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Floating in this tube is a little red token.

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And the challenge is to get it out.

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Now, the tube is too
narrow for your hand to fit in,

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but there are things that can help.

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Like these yellow balls,that are actually quite heavy,

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and these blue ones that are light as a feather.

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So, how will children cope with this test?

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This five year old throws everything in.

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She's been told she can use
the balls and she does,

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all of them.

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But as they get older,kids experiment.

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This six-year-old tries a few of each

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before settling on the heavy ones.

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She notices that only those
that sink raise the water level.

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And at seven, this child knows enough about floating

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and sinking to solve the problem in
her head before she's even started.

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These kids, with know-how,never make a wrong choice.

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But it's only through trial and error

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that we get the knowledge we need
to eventually solve new problems.

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And that comes with experience .

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To find out if other animals
learn in the same way, I'm going to

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give the same experiment to
a completely different species.

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An animal that belongs to a group of birds so smart

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they've even been called "feathered apes".

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This is a jay.

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A member of the crow family studied
here at Cambridge University.

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Like the children,it's worked out that dropping

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stones into the water can raise the level,

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so it can reach a tasty worm.

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But what happens when it's given
the same experiment as the children?

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We know that stones will raise the water level,

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and floating cork won't.

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But does the jay?

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The jay starts with a sinking stone...

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..but then uses a cork.

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What happens next is crucial.

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Has the jay learned from its mistake?

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It has.

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After using one piece of useless
cork it went on to use only stones.

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The jay solves the problem
in the same way children do

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by noticing what brings the food
closer through trial and error.

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Studies show that these birds perform at the same level

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as a seven-year-old child.

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Got it!

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In the wild, it's experimenting
like this which gives animals

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an opportunity to learn.

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But to learn a lot,animals need something else.

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The time to experiment.

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This is Venice Beach, Los Angeles.

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And this is Tillman.

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Tillman is an animal with
every basic need catered for.

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Which means he has a lot of free time on his hands.

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Mix that with his puppy-like enthusiasm,

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and you have a powerful combination for learning.

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And that has resulted in a unique talent.

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It took us 200,000 years after the dawn of humanity

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before we realised wheels might be a good idea.

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Tillman's Eureka moment came in minutes.

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Tillman may look like a trained dog doing tricks

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but he was never taught to do this.

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There's no treats involved,
it's just a passion that he has.

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The faster he goes the happier he is.

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Tillman has used his free time to
master something completely alien

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to the animal world,

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in the blink of an evolutionary eye.

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He invents new moves
and he does things that blow my mind

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every time I take him out practising.

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The important point here is that
what's true for Tillman,

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also applies to animals in the wild.

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Those that live long lives

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and take longer to grow up have
more time to learn...

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and get smarter.

253
00:22:07,686 --> 00:22:12,366
The people that think he's not
intelligent are out of their mind.

254
00:22:12,366 --> 00:22:14,726
You can't be a stupid dog and figure that out.

255
00:22:17,246 --> 00:22:20,326
Having time on your hands to
experiment gives animals

256
00:22:20,326 --> 00:22:22,286
an opportunity to learn.

257
00:22:22,286 --> 00:22:26,566
But it takes one more thing to turn
experiences into knowledge.

258
00:22:26,566 --> 00:22:30,086
If you can't remember what you've
done, you haven't learned a thing.

259
00:22:30,086 --> 00:22:32,326
Memory is key.

260
00:22:32,326 --> 00:22:36,846
And one animal can show us how important memory is.

261
00:22:37,590 --> 00:22:40,002
(诺曼底登陆日传单装饰)
(百代公报独家提供)

262
00:22:41,486 --> 00:22:45,246
Nearly half a million pigeons served
in our two world wars, carrying

263
00:22:45,246 --> 00:22:49,766
vital messages, when other forms
of communication proved impossible.

264
00:22:49,766 --> 00:22:52,886
'In a remarkably short time the bird returns with

265
00:22:52,886 --> 00:22:54,686
'its message to the home loft.'

266
00:22:54,686 --> 00:22:57,526
From deep behind enemy lines.

267
00:22:59,046 --> 00:23:02,326
From downed aircrews needing rescue.

268
00:23:02,326 --> 00:23:05,286
'..Real wings have come to
the aid of mechanical ones.'

269
00:23:05,286 --> 00:23:09,886
Braving all weathers, and enemy
fire, these birds struggled home.

270
00:23:12,366 --> 00:23:15,246
A carrier pigeon by the name of GI Joe saved

271
00:23:15,246 --> 00:23:17,406
units of the 56th London Division.

272
00:23:17,406 --> 00:23:19,846
They even earned medals for their bravery.

273
00:23:19,846 --> 00:23:23,686
And for all that, to some folk,he's still just a pigeon.

274
00:23:26,086 --> 00:23:27,366
They may be just pigeons,

275
00:23:27,366 --> 00:23:30,806
but their navigating skills saved thousands of lives.

276
00:23:32,806 --> 00:23:36,326
But no-one knew exactly how they did it.

277
00:23:37,846 --> 00:23:41,806
70 years on, science is still unravelling the mystery.

278
00:23:43,446 --> 00:23:47,806
These pigeons are preparing for
the biggest mental challenge of their lives.

279
00:23:57,006 --> 00:23:59,886
Four months ago,they hadn't even hatched.

280
00:23:59,886 --> 00:24:03,606
But today, they're competitors in
one of Britain's most prestigious

281
00:24:03,606 --> 00:24:04,646
pigeon races.

282
00:24:08,726 --> 00:24:11,206
They're released 200 miles from home

283
00:24:11,206 --> 00:24:14,206
from a place they've never seen.

284
00:24:16,566 --> 00:24:21,246
But the best bird brain will find
its way back in just a few hours.

285
00:24:23,966 --> 00:24:28,326
Winning its owner a 20,000 prize.

286
00:24:30,206 --> 00:24:33,926
Everyone seems to have a theory on how they do it.

287
00:24:33,926 --> 00:24:36,086
Some say related to the sun.

288
00:24:36,086 --> 00:24:40,806
Some sort of magnet in their heads,
summat like that, is that it,or what? We don't know.

289
00:24:40,806 --> 00:24:42,686
I don't think anybody will ever know

290
00:24:42,686 --> 00:24:45,126
and that is the beauty of the sport, really.

291
00:24:45,126 --> 00:24:48,326
I were nine-year-old
when I had me first one, and I knows

292
00:24:48,326 --> 00:24:50,486
as much about them now as I did then.

293
00:24:50,486 --> 00:24:54,486
For a slightly more scientific explanation,

294
00:24:54,486 --> 00:24:57,566
we've enlisted the help of this man, Jeremy Davis.

295
00:24:59,806 --> 00:25:02,766
He raised every pigeon in the race,
on behalf of the owners.

296
00:25:07,006 --> 00:25:10,206
Jeremy teamed up with scientists from Oxford University

297
00:25:10,206 --> 00:25:13,086
and began to train the newly-fledged chicks 12 weeks ago.

298
00:25:14,726 --> 00:25:16,886
And the researchers recorded

299
00:25:16,886 --> 00:25:19,606
the young pigeons' very first training flight.

300
00:25:19,606 --> 00:25:24,086
The tracker is getting a...getting
the position once every second.

301
00:25:24,086 --> 00:25:27,806
It tells us exactly where the pigeons
go on their entire flight home.

302
00:25:31,646 --> 00:25:34,566
It's the first time they've had to
find their way home.

303
00:25:34,566 --> 00:25:38,526
But from here they can practically see where they live.

304
00:25:40,086 --> 00:25:43,806
It's a straight five miles that
should take less than 10 minutes.

305
00:25:46,086 --> 00:25:49,766
So why, when they released
one pigeon, did its route home

306
00:25:49,766 --> 00:25:50,926
look like this?

307
00:25:55,006 --> 00:25:57,926
It's clear it had no idea where it was going.

308
00:26:00,606 --> 00:26:04,686
It didn't fly five miles,it flew 40.

309
00:26:07,526 --> 00:26:11,446
What this proves is that navigation
doesn't come naturally to pigeons.

310
00:26:11,446 --> 00:26:13,726
It's something they have to learn.

311
00:26:20,126 --> 00:26:21,806
And it's Jeremy's job to help.

312
00:26:22,886 --> 00:26:24,486
He can't fly the race for them,

313
00:26:24,486 --> 00:26:27,566
but he can give them the opportunities to learn.

314
00:26:31,126 --> 00:26:34,806
Over the next 12 weeks,
he releases them further from home.

315
00:26:36,966 --> 00:26:40,286
And, like a proud father,waits for their return.

316
00:26:44,126 --> 00:26:47,886
But has all his efforts turned those hopeless new recruits

317
00:26:47,886 --> 00:26:51,446
into the navigating heroes that once saved lives?

318
00:26:51,446 --> 00:26:55,526
With just a few days to go before the big race,

319
00:26:55,526 --> 00:26:58,766
there's time for one last training flight.

320
00:26:58,766 --> 00:27:03,006
Our experts from Oxford return,
to attach their GPS trackers.

321
00:27:06,126 --> 00:27:09,966
And Jeremy gives the birds a final once over.

322
00:27:17,246 --> 00:27:20,366
Physically, they're perfect.

323
00:27:20,366 --> 00:27:22,526
But are they ready mentally?

324
00:27:26,326 --> 00:27:29,766
It's only when the data's downloaded
that they'll know what

325
00:27:29,766 --> 00:27:32,446
if anything, they've learnt.

326
00:27:33,185 --> 00:27:35,820
(聪明的鸟)

327
00:27:35,846 --> 00:27:40,286
From their launch point,
home is 30 miles due south.

328
00:27:42,486 --> 00:27:45,406
Jeremy's pigeons confidently head off...

329
00:27:46,766 --> 00:27:48,526
..in the wrong direction.

330
00:27:50,126 --> 00:27:52,966
But they know what they're doing.

331
00:27:55,526 --> 00:27:57,486
They fly to the nearest town.

332
00:27:59,326 --> 00:28:02,006
Follow a road and river to a roundabout.

333
00:28:03,406 --> 00:28:07,846
And over a campsite, whose rows
of caravans are visible for miles.

334
00:28:09,686 --> 00:28:13,166
They've used their training flights to map the area

335
00:28:13,166 --> 00:28:15,686
and memorise it.

336
00:28:21,966 --> 00:28:25,806
And with that mental map they can
follow these obvious landmarks

337
00:28:25,806 --> 00:28:27,126
all the way home.

338
00:28:29,966 --> 00:28:34,406
It's thanks to memory that these
pigeons are ready for race day.

339
00:28:43,366 --> 00:28:48,486
When they're far from home, pigeons
do have other tricks to help them.

340
00:28:48,486 --> 00:28:52,046
They use the sun, magnetic fields

341
00:28:52,046 --> 00:28:53,526
and even smell.

342
00:28:55,366 --> 00:28:59,206
But in the crucial closing moments
of a race, when accuracy is everything

343
00:28:59,206 --> 00:29:04,366
memory helps a pigeon win a 20,000 prize.

344
00:29:10,926 --> 00:29:13,406
And the winner is... Gribbles Glen and Cooper.

345
00:29:13,406 --> 00:29:15,406
Can you believe that!

346
00:29:17,006 --> 00:29:21,806
Memory is what's turned the learning
opportunities Jeremy gave

347
00:29:21,806 --> 00:29:23,806
the pigeons into real know-how.

348
00:29:30,206 --> 00:29:32,926
We've seen how animals can use tools.

349
00:29:38,766 --> 00:29:43,406
Solve problems with a flash of inspiration.

350
00:29:43,406 --> 00:29:45,446
And plan ahead.

351
00:29:48,486 --> 00:29:51,766
We've also seen how they learn,by having the time

352
00:29:51,766 --> 00:29:53,846
and enthusiasm to try things out.

353
00:29:55,526 --> 00:30:01,246
And how a great memory can turn
all that experience into know-how.

354
00:30:01,246 --> 00:30:05,566
But you do need another ingredient
to make you really smart,

355
00:30:05,566 --> 00:30:08,646
something that Einstein himself
said was more important

356
00:30:08,646 --> 00:30:11,206
than knowledge and that's imagination.

357
00:30:11,206 --> 00:30:14,326
By being creative, you can put
everything that you've learnt

358
00:30:14,326 --> 00:30:15,966
into practice.

359
00:30:17,206 --> 00:30:20,046
Creativity is an important part of being human.

360
00:30:21,526 --> 00:30:25,206
But no-one believed it was a skill
we shared with other animals.

361
00:30:30,486 --> 00:30:34,086
Until, we began to study dolphins.

362
00:30:38,566 --> 00:30:43,846
Dolphins here in Honduras have been
taught signals for leaps,

363
00:30:43,846 --> 00:30:46,726
somersaults and other acrobatics.

364
00:31:04,846 --> 00:31:06,646
OK, here we go, ready...

365
00:31:06,646 --> 00:31:08,046
Go, go, go!

366
00:31:08,046 --> 00:31:09,726
Yes!

367
00:31:11,046 --> 00:31:13,206
Oh, that was a long one!

368
00:31:13,206 --> 00:31:17,846
These animals obviously understand
what they're being asked to do,

369
00:31:17,846 --> 00:31:22,126
but how can we tell they're not just
trained animals performing tricks?

370
00:31:23,766 --> 00:31:26,846
You can train an animal to do lmost anything.

371
00:31:30,246 --> 00:31:33,446
But how do you test for something like creativity?

372
00:31:35,166 --> 00:31:38,446
Well, there's another sign these dolphins respond to,

373
00:31:38,446 --> 00:31:41,366
which refers to a much more complicated concept.

374
00:31:42,686 --> 00:31:46,766
The trainers could have picked
any gesture to symbolise it.

375
00:31:48,766 --> 00:31:51,246
But they thought this was appropriate for what

376
00:31:51,246 --> 00:31:53,166
they hoped to reveal.

377
00:31:53,166 --> 00:31:54,966
I'm being deadly serious.

378
00:31:54,966 --> 00:31:58,046
This is a very special sign,
because it means "create",

379
00:31:58,046 --> 00:32:00,366
and when the dolphins see it
they've got to

380
00:32:00,366 --> 00:32:03,486
use their imagination and come up
with an original behaviour.

381
00:32:03,486 --> 00:32:04,766
OK, you guys ready?

382
00:32:09,166 --> 00:32:11,686
This signal was a scientific breakthrough.

383
00:32:13,366 --> 00:32:17,046
Because it allowed scientists to
measure something animals

384
00:32:17,046 --> 00:32:18,406
weren't meant to have,

385
00:32:18,406 --> 00:32:20,526
creativity.

386
00:32:21,766 --> 00:32:24,846
Oh, Ronnie!

387
00:32:24,846 --> 00:32:26,406
This is Ronnie.

388
00:32:26,406 --> 00:32:30,966
'When he sees this sign
he has to dream up his own routine.'

389
00:32:30,966 --> 00:32:32,046
OK, here we go.

390
00:32:36,406 --> 00:32:40,166
'It could be something he's learned
or something entirely new.

391
00:32:40,166 --> 00:32:42,886
'But crucially,he has to be creative,

392
00:32:42,886 --> 00:32:46,206
'and come up with something
different every single time.'

393
00:32:47,406 --> 00:32:51,246
That's more like it,
you're getting more creative.

394
00:32:52,926 --> 00:32:54,966
'But dolphins can do even more.'

395
00:32:59,966 --> 00:33:02,446
These two are part of a creative team.

396
00:33:02,446 --> 00:33:03,486
Now slow down.

397
00:33:04,726 --> 00:33:05,766
Head trainer Terri

398
00:33:05,766 --> 00:33:08,486
gives the command
to get creative...together.

399
00:33:12,566 --> 00:33:16,126
Somehow, between them, they decide
what they're going to do.

400
00:33:20,886 --> 00:33:24,086
And they stay synchronised.

401
00:33:24,086 --> 00:33:26,606
No-one knows how they do this.

402
00:33:26,606 --> 00:33:29,806
It's something they were never trained to do.

403
00:33:35,246 --> 00:33:37,326
Very good.

404
00:33:37,326 --> 00:33:40,686
In the wild, creativity is a talent
that allows animals to

405
00:33:40,686 --> 00:33:42,886
put on much more than a good show.

406
00:33:48,806 --> 00:33:52,206
Once you've got the know-how,
creativity is the extra ingredient

407
00:33:52,206 --> 00:33:55,006
you need to become a fantastic problem-solver.

408
00:33:58,806 --> 00:34:01,286
And floating just off the Canadian coast

409
00:34:01,286 --> 00:34:03,326
is an animal that can show us how.

410
00:34:05,046 --> 00:34:07,246
Here he is.

411
00:34:07,246 --> 00:34:08,966
Steve, a crab fisherman.

412
00:34:12,606 --> 00:34:15,126
The basics are simple.

413
00:34:15,126 --> 00:34:16,646
Put some bait in a pot.

414
00:34:16,646 --> 00:34:19,086
Let it sink.

415
00:34:19,086 --> 00:34:21,006
Sit back.

416
00:34:23,926 --> 00:34:26,086
And wait for crabs to wander in.

417
00:34:34,286 --> 00:34:37,926
Steve knows that most crustaceans lack common sense.

418
00:34:39,926 --> 00:34:43,046
Once inside the trap they can't get out.

419
00:34:44,126 --> 00:34:46,726
The exit is obvious enough to us

420
00:34:46,726 --> 00:34:51,086
but some animals just aren't born
with much in the way of brains.

421
00:34:51,086 --> 00:34:55,526
Which explains why the sea floor
here looks like a crab graveyard.

422
00:35:02,086 --> 00:35:06,326
This cave is home to a much more
creative crab fisherman than Steve.

423
00:35:13,246 --> 00:35:16,126
The animal living here shouldn't
really be a problem.

424
00:35:16,126 --> 00:35:19,606
Its closest relatives are slugs,snails and clams.

425
00:35:21,366 --> 00:35:23,886
It's a giant Pacific octopus.

426
00:35:26,246 --> 00:35:29,126
An animal with one huge advantage.

427
00:35:30,646 --> 00:35:32,006
An enormous brain.

428
00:35:34,286 --> 00:35:37,446
In fact, two thirds of
its brain cells, or neurons

429
00:35:37,446 --> 00:35:39,686
extend into its tentacles.

430
00:35:51,006 --> 00:35:53,286
Plan A is to smother the prey.

431
00:36:02,166 --> 00:36:04,966
With the metal trap in the way,
it's not too successful.

432
00:36:07,686 --> 00:36:11,766
But that huge brain helps
the octopus to get creative

433
00:36:11,766 --> 00:36:14,446
and to think up a dramatically different strategy.

434
00:36:32,006 --> 00:36:35,246
Once inside, it's an easy meal.

435
00:36:39,526 --> 00:36:41,166
But it could be its last.

436
00:36:46,046 --> 00:36:47,486
Breaking in was easy.

437
00:36:50,126 --> 00:36:53,246
But the octopus can do something
crabs find impossible.

438
00:37:13,006 --> 00:37:15,846
A sure sign that an octopus has struck.

439
00:37:15,846 --> 00:37:17,366
A trail of empty shells...

440
00:37:19,126 --> 00:37:21,446
..and a frustrated fisherman.

441
00:37:21,446 --> 00:37:23,006
What can I say?

442
00:37:24,766 --> 00:37:26,966
These creative,problem-solving skills

443
00:37:26,966 --> 00:37:29,726
set octopus apart from all other invertebrates.

444
00:37:31,326 --> 00:37:34,886
It's the reason they can take
advantage of new opportunities,

445
00:37:34,886 --> 00:37:37,446
and the challenges that we create for them.

446
00:37:38,526 --> 00:37:43,086
And there's new evidence that
the more challenges animals face,

447
00:37:43,086 --> 00:37:45,806
the more intelligent they become.

448
00:38:00,006 --> 00:38:04,486
Here in Nevada, one of America's
most common birds is teaching us

449
00:38:04,486 --> 00:38:08,006
that the harder life is,
the better it is for their brains.

450
00:38:10,006 --> 00:38:13,726
This is it - the mountain chickadee.

451
00:38:19,846 --> 00:38:22,486
In the USA, you're never far from a chickadee.

452
00:38:26,686 --> 00:38:28,646
They look the same wherever you go.

453
00:38:28,646 --> 00:38:31,846
But when researchers studied
chickadees across the States,

454
00:38:31,846 --> 00:38:34,086
they found that different habitats

455
00:38:34,086 --> 00:38:37,206
result in varying levels of intelligence.

456
00:38:37,206 --> 00:38:43,046
These harsh environments can in fact
produce smarter chickadees.

457
00:38:46,246 --> 00:38:50,326
And this simple challenge can prove the point.

458
00:38:51,606 --> 00:38:55,206
Under every one of these glass discs is a tasty grub.

459
00:38:57,086 --> 00:39:01,646
You can see them, but you can only
reach them by removing the glass.

460
00:39:03,006 --> 00:39:07,886
Competing, two identical-looking
black-capped chickadees.

461
00:39:07,886 --> 00:39:10,246
They were raised together in captivity

462
00:39:10,246 --> 00:39:13,926
but their families came
from very different places.

463
00:39:15,486 --> 00:39:20,926
On the left, a contender from
Kansas, the lap of chickadee luxury.

464
00:39:20,926 --> 00:39:23,286
A pleasant climate with plenty of food.

465
00:39:24,766 --> 00:39:26,766
On the right, a bird from the north.

466
00:39:29,486 --> 00:39:31,766
Battered by blizzards

467
00:39:31,766 --> 00:39:34,526
his family suffered for
generations in icy Alaska.

468
00:39:38,566 --> 00:39:40,006
The clock is ticking.

469
00:39:40,006 --> 00:39:42,126
Who will get the highest score?

470
00:39:50,886 --> 00:39:54,686
No contest. The southern softy
doesn't even know where to start.

471
00:39:57,606 --> 00:40:02,286
But to the bird whose family faced
the harsh environment of Alaska,

472
00:40:02,286 --> 00:40:07,646
working out how to remove a piece
of glass presents no problem at all.

473
00:40:07,646 --> 00:40:11,646
It's a simple task completely beyond the southern bird.

474
00:40:13,926 --> 00:40:17,246
The birds have inherited
these skills from their families.

475
00:40:17,246 --> 00:40:18,726
It's in their DNA.

476
00:40:18,726 --> 00:40:21,606
And chickadee brains are bigger
and better because of

477
00:40:21,606 --> 00:40:23,926
the challenging environments they live in.

478
00:40:26,726 --> 00:40:30,406
This opens up an intriguing possibility.

479
00:40:30,406 --> 00:40:33,886
If your environment can make you smarter,

480
00:40:33,886 --> 00:40:37,966
animals may have the potential
for even greater intelligence,

481
00:40:37,966 --> 00:40:39,886
given the right circumstances.

482
00:40:39,886 --> 00:40:45,326
We educate our children. What would
we discover if we educated animals?

483
00:40:48,046 --> 00:40:52,046
“MASTERMIND” 主题音乐
(英国一档知识竞赛节目)

484
00:40:54,566 --> 00:40:57,206
And our next contender, please.

485
00:41:03,286 --> 00:41:08,086
Goldie, the goldfish, you have one
minute on animal intelligence,starting...now.

486
00:41:08,086 --> 00:41:11,846
Which animal has the largest brain
of any animal, living or extinct?

487
00:41:14,246 --> 00:41:15,686
Sperm whale, correct.

488
00:41:15,686 --> 00:41:19,366
Which of these flags represents
the country of Ivan Pavlov, whose

489
00:41:19,366 --> 00:41:21,526
research into the gastric function of dogs

490
00:41:21,526 --> 00:41:24,966
led him to develop the concept
of the conditioned reflex?

491
00:41:26,966 --> 00:41:29,206
Yes, that is the modern Russian flag.

492
00:41:29,206 --> 00:41:33,406
Observations made by Charles Darwin
onboard HMS Beagle helped formulate...

493
00:41:34,686 --> 00:41:38,846
I've started so I'll finish.
Darwin's place onboard was questioned by the captain

494
00:41:38,846 --> 00:41:42,046
who was troubled by which
part of Darwin's body?

495
00:41:42,046 --> 00:41:43,926
Any ideas?

496
00:41:45,646 --> 00:41:48,446
Correct, it was Darwin's nose,
the shape of which

497
00:41:48,446 --> 00:41:52,166
he believed indicated
"a lack of energy and determination".

498
00:41:56,206 --> 00:41:58,726
So is Goldie really a mastermind?

499
00:41:58,726 --> 00:41:59,926
Well, no.

500
00:41:59,926 --> 00:42:03,326
We taught him to follow the food
in this feeding wand.

501
00:42:06,686 --> 00:42:08,686
There you go. But teaching him

502
00:42:08,686 --> 00:42:11,086
has revealed something more about his mind.

503
00:42:11,086 --> 00:42:14,206
People think goldfish have only got
a three-second memory,

504
00:42:14,206 --> 00:42:18,006
but even learning this
simple association proves that it's

505
00:42:18,006 --> 00:42:20,086
got to be longer than that.

506
00:42:20,086 --> 00:42:23,006
So what else can
we learn about animals in this way?

507
00:42:23,006 --> 00:42:25,526
You can train them
to do just about anything,

508
00:42:25,526 --> 00:42:28,446
but can it reveal more about their intelligence?

509
00:42:33,686 --> 00:42:37,926
What hidden abilities could
we uncover if we educated animals?

510
00:42:39,055 --> 00:42:41,296
(禁止进入)
(研究过程中请保持安静)

511
00:42:41,886 --> 00:42:46,286
We've seen how they use their brains
to solve problems in the wild,

512
00:42:46,286 --> 00:42:48,166
but are they capable of more?

513
00:42:49,726 --> 00:42:54,006
Here in Santa Cruz, California
one animal is surprising scientists

514
00:42:54,006 --> 00:42:58,006
by mastering skills you'd expect to
find only in human children.

515
00:42:59,366 --> 00:43:01,206
You see who's here?

516
00:43:01,206 --> 00:43:05,766
This is Ronan - a sea lion pup
who's about to play a game.

517
00:43:07,526 --> 00:43:09,166
She'll be shown two pictures.

518
00:43:09,166 --> 00:43:12,326
Choosing the correct one wins her a fish.

519
00:43:12,326 --> 00:43:15,486
But at this stage,she doesn't know the rules.

520
00:43:16,606 --> 00:43:17,646
OK, here we go.

521
00:43:18,886 --> 00:43:21,086
She's gone for the truck.

522
00:43:21,086 --> 00:43:23,486
'Right first time,but what's the rule?

523
00:43:23,486 --> 00:43:27,446
'Go for the truck, or the picture
that's always on the left?'

524
00:43:27,446 --> 00:43:29,526
This is where it gets interesting.

525
00:43:29,526 --> 00:43:31,446
'She needs to use trial and error

526
00:43:31,446 --> 00:43:34,006
'and memory to work out a winning strategy.'

527
00:43:34,006 --> 00:43:36,126
Ronan's not happy.

528
00:43:36,126 --> 00:43:40,686
How are you supposed to know the rules of the game
if nobody tells you the rules to start with?

529
00:43:40,686 --> 00:43:43,206
This is what Ronan's battling with here.

530
00:43:43,206 --> 00:43:45,486
She has to figure out the rules by herself.

531
00:43:45,486 --> 00:43:48,126
I think it was supposed to be
stick with the truck.

532
00:43:48,126 --> 00:43:50,086
You can do it Ronan, come on.

533
00:43:53,486 --> 00:43:55,166
OK, OK.

534
00:44:00,886 --> 00:44:02,526
Yes, good girl!

535
00:44:05,286 --> 00:44:07,166
Come on.

536
00:44:08,326 --> 00:44:10,606
Oh, she's go it. She's got it.

537
00:44:13,126 --> 00:44:16,406
'Ronan's using her intelligence to
solve child-like puzzles

538
00:44:16,406 --> 00:44:19,166
'she'd never encounter in the wild.'

539
00:44:22,886 --> 00:44:26,566
And another sea lion here is using
the same skills to master

540
00:44:26,566 --> 00:44:28,166
something far more advanced.

541
00:44:28,166 --> 00:44:31,926
Basic numbers and the entire alphabet.

542
00:44:34,926 --> 00:44:36,166
This is Rio.

543
00:44:36,166 --> 00:44:40,006
She's been surprising scientists for 17 years.

544
00:44:40,006 --> 00:44:42,006
Rio!

545
00:44:44,006 --> 00:44:47,286
And a simple game can put her knowledge to the test.

546
00:44:50,886 --> 00:44:52,246
This is her task.

547
00:44:53,566 --> 00:44:57,366
A central door slides up, revealing a symbol.

548
00:45:00,086 --> 00:45:03,486
Rio has to decide whether it's a number or a letter.

549
00:45:08,126 --> 00:45:11,606
Seconds later,two new symbols are revealed.

550
00:45:11,606 --> 00:45:14,046
Which one matches the centre one?

551
00:45:17,326 --> 00:45:19,646
Rio has to run through every symbol

552
00:45:19,646 --> 00:45:22,286
she's learned through trial and error,

553
00:45:22,286 --> 00:45:24,166
to find a mental match.

554
00:45:26,766 --> 00:45:27,806
Can she do it?

555
00:45:32,606 --> 00:45:33,686
Of course she can.

556
00:45:39,846 --> 00:45:43,646
This looks easy to us
but remember, Rio is a sea lion.

557
00:45:47,406 --> 00:45:50,846
This is much more advanced than Ronan's task,

558
00:45:50,846 --> 00:45:54,366
because the right answer isn't a particular symbol,

559
00:45:54,366 --> 00:45:57,526
it could be any one of 26 letters or 10 numbers.

560
00:46:06,086 --> 00:46:09,646
What I found most fascinating
about all of this is how much Rio

561
00:46:09,646 --> 00:46:12,006
had to learn to even get to this stage.

562
00:46:12,006 --> 00:46:16,086
She had to learn all these arbitrary symbols
which belonged in certain groups.

563
00:46:16,086 --> 00:46:20,486
Letters together, numbers together,
things that we take for granted.

564
00:46:20,486 --> 00:46:24,686
She has to call upon all the things
she's learned before,

565
00:46:24,686 --> 00:46:28,646
and then recombine that learning
in a novel task.

566
00:46:28,646 --> 00:46:30,286
She has to think about it.

567
00:46:31,926 --> 00:46:35,086
It was only by educating Rio that
scientists revealed

568
00:46:35,086 --> 00:46:37,966
she was more than a trained animal performing tricks.

569
00:46:37,966 --> 00:46:40,926
Here was a sea lion that could do
something that would tax

570
00:46:40,926 --> 00:46:43,086
a four-year-old child.

571
00:46:43,086 --> 00:46:47,566
Given enough time,what else could animals learn?

572
00:46:53,446 --> 00:46:57,966
Irene Pepperberg is a scientist who
spent 25 years teaching

573
00:46:57,966 --> 00:46:59,966
just one animal.

574
00:47:01,806 --> 00:47:04,486
Well, thank you so much for having me here

575
00:47:04,486 --> 00:47:07,686
and thank you for being here to
support the foundation.

576
00:47:07,686 --> 00:47:11,246
She's revealed that animals can
learn more than letters and numbers.

577
00:47:11,246 --> 00:47:14,806
And are capable of many skills
we see in human children.

578
00:47:18,606 --> 00:47:20,846
To prove an idea this big

579
00:47:20,846 --> 00:47:23,566
Irene collaborated with
another highly-respected mind.

580
00:47:26,686 --> 00:47:31,326
It was after about that sort
of 25-year mark in a sense that he

581
00:47:31,326 --> 00:47:33,806
had really begun to put
everything together.

582
00:47:33,806 --> 00:47:35,726
And then he died.

583
00:47:38,166 --> 00:47:42,126
His death was a loss to science,
and made headlines around the world.

584
00:47:43,726 --> 00:47:47,686
Three articles in the New York Times,

585
00:47:47,686 --> 00:47:50,926
an obituary in the Economist.

586
00:47:50,926 --> 00:47:54,526
This is,this is not something small.

587
00:47:54,526 --> 00:47:57,606
There's no doubt that her research
partner was special.

588
00:47:57,606 --> 00:47:59,766
But he was also a parrot.

589
00:47:59,766 --> 00:48:01,486
Alex.

590
00:48:03,086 --> 00:48:05,206
It's hard to find out what animals know.

591
00:48:05,206 --> 00:48:08,766
But because Irene taught Alex to
talk, she could ask him.

592
00:48:08,766 --> 00:48:10,286
What matter?

593
00:48:10,286 --> 00:48:11,366
Paper.

594
00:48:11,366 --> 00:48:13,526
Paper, good boy, that's right.
Want a nut.

595
00:48:13,526 --> 00:48:17,446
Alex was a parrot capable of
much more than parroting.

596
00:48:17,446 --> 00:48:20,246
- Wool. Wool.
- Very good boy.

597
00:48:20,246 --> 00:48:24,766
Alex changed the way
we think about animal intelligence,

598
00:48:24,766 --> 00:48:30,526
but it was only through teaching him that Irene
could reveal exactly what he was capable of.

599
00:48:32,246 --> 00:48:35,206
'I've come here to meet Irene's latest pupil,

600
00:48:35,206 --> 00:48:37,446
'and Alex's protege, Griffin.'

601
00:48:37,446 --> 00:48:38,486
Hello, Griffin.

602
00:48:38,486 --> 00:48:39,566
Good parrot.

603
00:48:39,566 --> 00:48:44,046
'And I want to find out how Irene
teaches him, and what he knows.'

604
00:48:44,046 --> 00:48:45,406
So it's, listen.

605
00:48:48,686 --> 00:48:49,966
How many?

606
00:48:49,966 --> 00:48:51,086
Five!

607
00:48:51,086 --> 00:48:52,846
Five. That's right, you get a five.

608
00:48:52,846 --> 00:48:56,126
'Irene teaches parrots, in
the same way you'd teach toddlers.'

609
00:48:56,126 --> 00:48:57,286
5
Five.

610
00:48:57,286 --> 00:48:59,166
Yes, five! Five.

611
00:48:59,166 --> 00:49:03,326
'Repeat everything, with a ridiculous
amount of enthusiasm. But it works.'

612
00:49:05,206 --> 00:49:06,446
Most of the time.

613
00:49:07,566 --> 00:49:10,686
'It was time to find out what Griffin knew.'

614
00:49:13,926 --> 00:49:15,526
He can identify objects.

615
00:49:15,526 --> 00:49:17,006
- What matter?
- Rock, rock.

616
00:49:17,006 --> 00:49:19,726
Rock, that's right. Good boy.

617
00:49:21,286 --> 00:49:22,966
'What they're made of.'

618
00:49:22,966 --> 00:49:24,166
Wool, wool.

619
00:49:24,166 --> 00:49:26,326
Good birdie.

620
00:49:26,326 --> 00:49:28,246
'Their shape.' Griffin, what shape?

621
00:49:28,246 --> 00:49:30,566
- Corner, corner, corner.
- That's right.

622
00:49:31,846 --> 00:49:33,206
'And their colour.'

623
00:49:33,206 --> 00:49:34,486
Yellow.

624
00:49:34,486 --> 00:49:35,926
Yes, what colour, Griffin?

625
00:49:35,926 --> 00:49:37,326
Green. Yes!

626
00:49:37,326 --> 00:49:39,126
Orange. Yes.

627
00:49:39,126 --> 00:49:40,526
'He knows his numbers.'

628
00:49:40,526 --> 00:49:41,646
How many?

629
00:49:41,646 --> 00:49:43,086
One.

630
00:49:44,286 --> 00:49:45,606
Awesome.

631
00:49:46,806 --> 00:49:49,646
He might tell you what sound
this is. Ask him what sound.

632
00:49:49,646 --> 00:49:51,046
Really?

633
00:49:51,046 --> 00:49:53,726
'He's also learning to identify letters.'

634
00:49:53,726 --> 00:49:57,046
What sound, Griffin? What sound?

635
00:49:57,046 --> 00:49:58,686
'And to sound them out.'

636
00:49:58,686 --> 00:50:00,246
Ssss
'Ssss.'

637
00:50:00,246 --> 00:50:02,646
That's right. Nut.

638
00:50:02,646 --> 00:50:05,286
Yes, you can have another nut, OK.

639
00:50:05,286 --> 00:50:10,246
'A good education brings out the
best in both people and parrots.'

640
00:50:10,246 --> 00:50:13,126
Teaching animals to communicate with us can tell us

641
00:50:13,126 --> 00:50:17,326
so much about the inner workings of their minds.

642
00:50:17,326 --> 00:50:21,006
And it's very clear that these
animals can think for themselves.

643
00:50:21,006 --> 00:50:23,406
But we would never have known that had it not

644
00:50:23,406 --> 00:50:28,366
been for the dedication of Irene
and how she taught these parrots.

645
00:50:30,006 --> 00:50:33,446
Griffin has learned a lot,
but Alex really excelled.

646
00:50:33,446 --> 00:50:35,086
And what's this?

647
00:50:35,086 --> 00:50:36,126
Key.

648
00:50:36,126 --> 00:50:38,166
Key is right. Say better. Key.

649
00:50:38,166 --> 00:50:39,486
Good parrot.

650
00:50:39,486 --> 00:50:42,806
He could do everything Griffin does,
and much more.

651
00:50:43,966 --> 00:50:46,046
He didn't just describe objects,

652
00:50:46,046 --> 00:50:49,606
but he understood concepts like
same and different.

653
00:50:50,806 --> 00:50:52,206
Tell me what's different?

654
00:50:52,206 --> 00:50:53,366
Colour.

655
00:50:53,366 --> 00:50:55,966
Good parrot. You're right.

656
00:50:55,966 --> 00:50:57,526
Different colour.

657
00:50:57,526 --> 00:51:01,446
All right now, look, tell me, what
colour bigger? What colour bigger?

658
00:51:01,446 --> 00:51:02,766
Green.

659
00:51:02,766 --> 00:51:03,846
Green. Good boy.

660
00:51:03,846 --> 00:51:05,926
Tell me how many yellow wool?

661
00:51:05,926 --> 00:51:10,766
And he had to study very hard, so he
could answer more complex questions.

662
00:51:10,766 --> 00:51:12,406
Try again.

663
00:51:12,406 --> 00:51:13,486
Two.

664
00:51:13,486 --> 00:51:17,046
Two yellow wool. Very good.
Now how many green block?

665
00:51:17,046 --> 00:51:21,206
Very good telling me the yellow
wool. Now how many green block?

666
00:51:21,206 --> 00:51:23,166
Four. Good boy!

667
00:51:24,166 --> 00:51:26,126
This was no trick.

668
00:51:26,126 --> 00:51:29,126
Alex was a bird that could use human language

669
00:51:29,126 --> 00:51:33,446
o answer questions that would stump a pre-school child.

670
00:51:36,926 --> 00:51:38,326
But what's the limit?

671
00:51:38,326 --> 00:51:43,366
Could an animal ever beat a
human adult in an intelligence test?

672
00:51:47,886 --> 00:51:51,886
This notion might seem impossible
but in the last 50 years

673
00:51:51,886 --> 00:51:56,566
we've discovered a lot of impossible
things going on in animal minds.

674
00:51:58,726 --> 00:52:03,526
They use tools, solve problems
with a flash of inspiration

675
00:52:03,526 --> 00:52:05,046
and they plan ahead.

676
00:52:07,086 --> 00:52:08,606
They learn like us

677
00:52:08,606 --> 00:52:13,686
by finding the time and enthusiasm
to discover how the world works.

678
00:52:14,966 --> 00:52:19,086
And by having an incredible memory
to turn those experiences

679
00:52:19,086 --> 00:52:20,126
into knowledge.

680
00:52:22,606 --> 00:52:24,566
They can even get creative

681
00:52:24,566 --> 00:52:28,486
and learn things we teach our own children.

682
00:52:29,486 --> 00:52:32,966
But beating us in an intelligence test?

683
00:52:32,966 --> 00:52:36,806
I didn't think that was possible.
Until I came to Japan.

684
00:52:42,286 --> 00:52:45,726
At the start of the programme
we met a very special chimp

685
00:52:45,726 --> 00:52:47,886
called Ayumu.

686
00:52:47,886 --> 00:52:52,846
He can remember the position of nine
numbers in less than half a second.

687
00:52:55,206 --> 00:52:57,686
But how did he get to be so smart?

688
00:53:01,686 --> 00:53:04,766
Ayumu comes from a long line of intelligent apes.

689
00:53:07,446 --> 00:53:09,406
And has a fantastic teacher.

690
00:53:12,366 --> 00:53:16,526
Professor Matsuzawa has worked with
Ai, Ayumu's mother,

691
00:53:16,526 --> 00:53:18,206
or over 30 years.

692
00:53:24,966 --> 00:53:29,006
Together they started this ground-breaking research.

693
00:53:31,966 --> 00:53:35,846
The professor has taught mother
and son the Japanese symbols

694
00:53:35,846 --> 00:53:40,206
for colour, and the very beginnings of basic maths.

695
00:53:41,326 --> 00:53:46,406
But it's Ai's son Ayumu, that's
turned out to be the real genius,

696
00:53:46,406 --> 00:53:50,366
especially when it comes to numbers and memory.

697
00:53:51,526 --> 00:53:53,686
But could he beat an adult human?

698
00:53:54,686 --> 00:53:57,486
I've never been one to turn down a challenge so,

699
00:53:57,486 --> 00:54:00,726
I'm going to try
the very same intelligence test.

700
00:54:00,726 --> 00:54:02,686
I'm going head-to-head with Ayumu.

701
00:54:06,366 --> 00:54:08,846
Human mind against chimp mind.

702
00:54:08,846 --> 00:54:10,806
How hard could it be?

703
00:54:10,806 --> 00:54:15,966
All I've got now once I press that
little circle is 0.43 of a second

704
00:54:15,966 --> 00:54:21,366
to remember where exactly the numbers
are before they disappear behind squares.

705
00:54:21,366 --> 00:54:23,846
Yeah...this should be interesting.

706
00:54:25,286 --> 00:54:29,446
Think about nothing, relax, don't focus.

707
00:54:39,846 --> 00:54:44,406
These numbers are being displayed
for less than half a second.

708
00:54:44,406 --> 00:54:48,206
That's barely enough time
for my eyes to scan the screen.

709
00:54:55,126 --> 00:54:57,446
Remembering five numbers was hard enough,

710
00:54:57,446 --> 00:54:59,966
but this is entry-level stuff.

711
00:55:01,046 --> 00:55:04,766
OK, so now for an even more
interesting experience.

712
00:55:04,766 --> 00:55:07,686
I'm going to try and do exactly the same thing,

713
00:55:07,686 --> 00:55:11,006
but there won't be five numbers,
but nine numbers.

714
00:55:14,646 --> 00:55:19,686
Almost twice the numbers to
remember in the same amount of time.

715
00:55:20,686 --> 00:55:22,926
In ten attempts I got one right.

716
00:55:27,046 --> 00:55:28,846
It was all or nothing.

717
00:55:28,846 --> 00:55:32,206
I asked the Professor to test me to Ayumu's level.

718
00:55:32,206 --> 00:55:34,766
What was this chimp genius meant
to be capable of?

719
00:55:34,766 --> 00:55:37,966
Right, then, as if
that wasn't difficult enough

720
00:55:37,966 --> 00:55:41,686
I am now going to attempt what
no other human has attempted before.

721
00:55:41,686 --> 00:55:43,006
The same test

722
00:55:43,006 --> 00:55:46,926
except that the numbers only
flash up for 0.06 of a second.

723
00:55:46,926 --> 00:55:49,206
60 milliseconds.

724
00:55:49,206 --> 00:55:53,206
The entire reputation of
the human race rests on my shoulders

725
00:55:53,206 --> 00:55:54,686
right now.

726
00:55:54,686 --> 00:55:55,886
Here goes.

727
00:56:01,366 --> 00:56:03,006
You've got to be kidding.

728
00:56:06,926 --> 00:56:09,606
This is unbelievable. They flash up

729
00:56:09,606 --> 00:56:11,526
for such a short amount of time

730
00:56:11,526 --> 00:56:14,966
I can't even register one single number.

731
00:56:16,086 --> 00:56:17,726
This is bonkers.

732
00:56:19,926 --> 00:56:21,326
No idea.

733
00:56:22,526 --> 00:56:24,806
It was time to meet the master.

734
00:56:34,046 --> 00:56:38,086
Was he really capable of a mental
feat that humans find impossible?

735
00:56:48,526 --> 00:56:50,286
60 milliseconds.

736
00:56:50,286 --> 00:56:53,326
That's not even the blink of an eye.

737
00:56:53,326 --> 00:56:54,766
But Ayumu takes it all in.

738
00:57:04,446 --> 00:57:08,966
When this skill was first discovered
some scientists said that it was down to practice.

739
00:57:08,966 --> 00:57:12,646
But that theory has been
completely blown out of the water,

740
00:57:12,646 --> 00:57:17,126
when you consider how short a time
those numbers are flashed up for.

741
00:57:17,126 --> 00:57:20,886
It's impossible to do it, never mind
get better at it with practice,

742
00:57:20,886 --> 00:57:25,126
which just goes to show how special
this skill is in Ayumu.

743
00:57:27,046 --> 00:57:29,006
Now that is incredible.

744
00:57:30,086 --> 00:57:33,686
Take a bow, Ayumu.
You are a true animal Einstein.

745
00:57:38,726 --> 00:57:41,086
We've met some incredible animal minds.

746
00:57:42,166 --> 00:57:43,806
But all that's child's play,

747
00:57:43,806 --> 00:57:47,726
compared to one huge challenge that remains.

748
00:57:47,726 --> 00:57:51,686
Learning how to deal with every other animal on the planet.

749
00:57:54,206 --> 00:57:55,286
Next time

750
00:57:55,286 --> 00:57:58,806
we'll discover why it takes brains
to thrive in the social world.

751
00:58:00,326 --> 00:58:03,166
Can animals deceive others?
Do they have feelings?

752
00:58:03,166 --> 00:58:04,566
And is it possible for us

753
00:58:04,566 --> 00:58:07,766
to have an actual conversation with another species?

754
00:58:07,766 --> 00:58:10,166
He wants to chase and tickle with you now.

755
00:58:11,486 --> 00:58:14,046
I want to chase and ticklewith you too!

756
00:58:15,726 --> 00:58:18,606
teachers in scorpion school.

757
00:58:20,886 --> 00:58:24,566
Spend time with emotional ocean giants.

758
00:58:24,566 --> 00:58:26,886
And challenge Chaser.

759
00:58:26,886 --> 00:58:28,766
Einstein

760
00:58:28,766 --> 00:58:30,806
A dog that knows over a thousand words.