1 00:00:00,930 --> 00:00:01,710 “雷达通信电子战”微信公众号添加字幕 视频来源：MathWorks 2 00:00:01,711 --> 00:00:05,790 大家好，我叫Rick Gentile，是相控阵系统工具箱的产品经理 Hi，My name is Rick Gentile on the phased array system Toolbox product manager 3 00:00:05,791 --> 00:00:11,250 我想向您展示，使用Matlab在相控阵系统工具箱处理雷达数据立方体是多么容易 I'd like to show you how easy it is to process or rate our data cube with MatLab in the phase array system toolbox, 4 00:00:11,251 --> 00:00:13,050 正如我们第一部分的视频中所看到的 As we saw in part one of the recording, 6 00:00:13,081 --> 00:00:17,730 雷达数据立方体是相控阵雷达接收到的雷达回波 The radar Data Cube is a collection of radar returns received by a phased array radar. 7 00:00:17,731 --> 00:00:20,400 它被构成一个三维矩阵 It's organized into a three dimensional matrix. 8 00:00:20,401 --> 00:00:23,850 矩阵的纵轴是由接收到的快时间采样点组成 The vertical axis of the queue is composed of the received time samples. 9 00:00:23,851 --> 00:00:26,280 代表每一个单独的雷达脉冲 Representing each individual radar pulse. 10 00:00:26,281 --> 00:00:31,010 横轴表示在阵列的每个阵元处收集的采样点 The horizontal axis contains the time samples collected at each of the array elements 11 00:00:31,011 --> 00:00:36,630 对于深度轴，表示有一串连续的脉冲照射在特定方向或物体上 For the depth axis，there's a collection of consecutive pulses focus on particular direction or object. 12 00:00:36,631 --> 00:00:38,780 有时被称为驻留时间 This is sometimes called the dwell Time 13 00:00:38,981 --> 00:00:41,250 在这个部分，我来来讨论三种 In this presentation,We'll talk about the three 14 00:00:41,251 --> 00:00:42,570 信号处理算法: processing algorithm, 15 00:00:42,571 --> 00:00:44,350 从波束形成开始 starting with beamforming. 16 00:00:44,351 --> 00:00:50,460 波束形成是将各个接收通道的信号组合成单个接收通道信号的过程 A Beamforming is a process of combining the individual receive channels into a single received signal. 17 00:00:50,461 --> 00:00:55,430 你可以把波束形成看作是一个空间滤波器，对通道应用了不同的复数权系数 You can think of beam forming as a spatial filter that applies different Complex weights of the channels 19 00:00:55,471 --> 00:00:59,820 而其中的一些结果可以有效地使波束指向特定的方向 And that some of the results to effectively steer a beam in a specific direction 20 00:00:59,821 --> 00:01:03,330 波束形成应用于雷达数据立方体的横轴上 A beam forming works across the horizontal axis of the radar data cube 21 00:01:03,331 --> 00:01:06,930 它可提供有关你要跟踪的目标的方位信息 And it gives you information about the bearing elevation of the object you're trying to track. 22 00:01:07,980 --> 00:01:11,660 第二种算法是匹配滤波或脉冲压缩 The second algorithm is matched Filtering or pulse compression 24 00:01:11,701 --> 00:01:16,980 它通过将接收信号与原样本信号的相关来增强雷达回波 Which enhances the radar return by correlating the receive time samples with a sample the version of the source waveform 25 00:01:16,981 --> 00:01:23,100 对构成雷达数据立方体的纵轴数据进行匹配滤波 Matched filtering is performed on the data that makes up the vertical axis of the radar data cube 26 00:01:23,101 --> 00:01:28,420 幅度出现峰值的距离单元正是用于确定你要跟踪目标的距离。 The range bit were the peak amplitude occurs can be used to determine the distance of an object you are trying to track. 29 00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:35,700 运动目标的雷达回波将具有与目标径向速度成比例的多普勒频移 The radar returns for moving objects will have a Doppler shift that's proportional to the radial velocity of the object. 30 00:01:35,701 --> 00:01:40,350 所以 如果我们把雷达回波的fft沿着雷达数据立方体的深度维度进行计算 So if we take the fft of the radar returns along a depth dimension of the radar data cube, 31 00:01:40,351 --> 00:01:43,140 我们可以提取运动物体的速度信息 We can extract information about the speed of the moving object. 32 00:01:44,790 --> 00:01:48,900 现在让我们看看一些马特实验室代码 可以用来处理雷达数据立方体 Now let's take a look at some Matt lab code that can be used to process the radar data cube. 33 00:01:51,690 --> 00:02:01,200 我们将使用之前一段名为 建立雷达数据立方体 的记录中的一些代码 为距离雷达20公里的目标快速生成雷达数据队列 We'll use some code from a previous recording called building the radar Data Cube to quickly generate our radar data queue for a target located at twenty kilometers away from the radar, 34 00:02:01,201 --> 00:02:03,630 以每秒150米的径向速度 With a radial velocity of one hundred and fifty metres per second. 35 00:02:04,590 --> 00:02:07,800 所以您可以在我的mat lab工作空间中看到data cube变量 So you can see the data cube variable in my mat lab work space. 36 00:02:07,801 --> 00:02:13,740 它是由8个接收元件32个脉冲变量构成的1000倍样本 It's built up as a thousand times sample by eight receive element by thirty two pulse variable. 37 00:02:13,741 --> 00:02:15,870 它是复杂的数据类型 因为有复杂的 It's complex data type because there are complex. 38 00:02:15,871 --> 00:02:19,380 我指控阵列后收到的样本 I accuse samples that had been received here after the array. 39 00:02:20,760 --> 00:02:21,900 他们会从形成开始 They'll start with being forming, 40 00:02:21,901 --> 00:02:25,380 它可以给我们提供我们正在跟踪的运动物体的方位信息 Which can give us information about the bearing of the moving object we are tracking. 41 00:02:26,370 --> 00:02:32,460 您可以使用 工具箱 中的 相位竞赛 创建前一个相移 并设置要使用的属性 You can use the phase races from toolbox to create a phase shift being former and set the properties that we would like to use. 42 00:02:34,440 --> 00:02:35,910 一旦我们创建了这个对象 And once we've created this object, 43 00:02:35,911 --> 00:02:36,690 我们可以利用 We can use, 44 00:02:36,691 --> 00:02:39,300 step方法是执行梁形式的一种方法 The step method is a way of executing the beam form. 45 00:02:40,830 --> 00:02:41,460 为了说明这一点 For illustration, 46 00:02:41,461 --> 00:02:43,980 目的是把这两个物体都控制在零度 Purposes were going to steer the being both to zero degrees, 47 00:02:43,981 --> 00:02:48,540 哮喘和30度的飞机在运动物体的实际位置 Asthma and to a thirty degree aerosmith where the moving object is actually located. 48 00:02:48,541 --> 00:02:50,460 所以继续执行这个单元 So go ahead and execute this cell. 49 00:02:53,280 --> 00:02:54,180 在结果图上 On the resulting plot, 50 00:02:54,181 --> 00:02:56,070 我们可以看到三种不同的东西 We can see three different things. 51 00:02:56,071 --> 00:02:57,750 首先是情节反应 The first is the plot response. 52 00:02:58,740 --> 00:03:01,290 这是均匀线性阵列对象的响应 This is the response of the uniform linear array object. 53 00:03:02,190 --> 00:03:03,090 我们可以看到没有光束 We can see with no beam. 54 00:03:03,091 --> 00:03:06,000 形成峰值的反应是在零度的神话 Forming the peak of the response is at zero degrees as myth. 55 00:03:06,870 --> 00:03:09,510 我们的目标所处的地方有一个30度深的隧道 It was a deep nel at thirty degrees where our targets located. 56 00:03:10,710 --> 00:03:12,240 所以如果我们只是一些接收元素 So if we just some the receive elements, 57 00:03:12,241 --> 00:03:15,210 我们看不到目标总统的任何迹象 We can't see any indication of the target's president. 58 00:03:15,211 --> 00:03:20,370 这是因为我们已经把光束转向零度作为神话的位置 This is because we have the beam steered to the zero degree as myth location. 59 00:03:20,371 --> 00:03:21,210 如果我们用一些相位 If we use some phase, 60 00:03:21,211 --> 00:03:24,600 雷在波束形成器中等待将阵列转向30度 Ray waits in the beam former to steer the array to a thirty degree. 61 00:03:24,601 --> 00:03:24,810 史密斯 Smith, 62 00:03:24,811 --> 00:03:26,400 目标在哪里 Where the target is, 63 00:03:26,401 --> 00:03:30,450 我们现在看到一个增强的目标返回 在这里我们可以看到噪声的目标返回 We now see an enhance target return where we can really see the target return for the noise. 64 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:32,640 现在 Now, 65 00:03:32,641 --> 00:03:34,230 当你处理雷达数据立方体时 When you're processing the radar data cube, 66 00:03:34,231 --> 00:03:37,320 你必须通知沿深度维度的所有脉冲 You have to do be informing for all the pulses along the depth dimension. 67 00:03:38,280 --> 00:03:40,710 这就是你在这里看到的过程 And that's the processing you see here. 68 00:03:40,711 --> 00:03:46,020 我们看到的这个图显示了在三个两个脉冲的整个序列中目标返回的改进 The figure we see shows the improved the target returns for the entire sequence of three two pulses. 69 00:03:46,021 --> 00:03:46,920 当我们使用波束形成时 When we use beam forming. 70 00:03:48,480 --> 00:03:52,230 我们现在可以使用脉冲压缩来确定目标的距离 We can now use pulse compression to determine the distance of the target. 71 00:03:53,670 --> 00:04:01,710 这里我们可以使用get match filter方法返回发送波形的匹配滤波器 And you'll see here we can use the get match filter method to return the matched filter for the transmit waveform, 72 00:04:01,711 --> 00:04:06,420 利用这个滤波对象对雷达脉冲回波的时间样本进行处理 And we use this filter object to process the time samples for the radar pulse return. 73 00:04:08,670 --> 00:04:09,390 你可以在这里看到 You can see here. 74 00:04:09,391 --> 00:04:13,110 结果是在运动物体的距离仓处出现一个尖峰 The result is a sharp peak at the range bin of the moving object. 75 00:04:13,111 --> 00:04:17,820 这是使用调制脉冲的优点之一 就像我们在左边看到的线性调频波形 This is one of the advantages of using a modulated pulse like the linear FM wave form we see here on the left. 76 00:04:18,960 --> 00:04:23,040 有一个非常强的相关性 因此产生一个强大的航空窥视目标 There is a very strong correlation property and therefore produces a strong aero peek at the target. 77 00:04:23,041 --> 00:04:23,520 返回 Return. 78 00:04:24,480 --> 00:04:26,010 一旦我们发现了这个峰值 And once we've detected this peak, 79 00:04:26,011 --> 00:04:28,080 我们可以计算出运动物体的距离 We can calculate the distance of the moving object. 80 00:04:29,070 --> 00:04:32,730 存在峰值的时间样本的索引告诉我们物体的距离 The index of the time sample where the peak exist tells us the distance of the object. 81 00:04:34,110 --> 00:04:34,590 在这种情况下 In this case, 82 00:04:34,591 --> 00:04:40,200 我们必须使用time to range函数并减去匹配过滤器的长度以将时间转换为距离 We have to use the time to range function and subtract the length of the match filter to convert the time to distance. 83 00:04:40,201 --> 00:04:41,280 当我们执行时 When we execute this, 84 00:04:41,281 --> 00:04:42,690 它给了我们九千的距离 It gives us a distance of nine thousand, 85 00:04:42,691 --> 00:04:43,980 九百九十四公里 Nine hundred and ninety four kilometers, 86 00:04:43,981 --> 00:04:47,310 在我们选择的波形范围内 Which is within the range resolution of the wave form that we selected. 87 00:04:48,720 --> 00:04:49,290 最后 At last of all, 88 00:04:49,291 --> 00:04:51,000 我们可以确定目标的速度 We can determine the speed of the target, 89 00:04:51,001 --> 00:04:53,820 利用在目标回波中观测到的多普勒频移 Using the Doppler shift observed in the target returns. 90 00:04:55,080 --> 00:04:55,680 在这种情况下 In this case, 91 00:04:55,681 --> 00:04:57,510 F T穿过垃圾箱 The F of T across the range bin, 92 00:04:57,511 --> 00:05:03,090 在检测到移动物体的地方 我们可以在这里看到峰值 Where the moving objects has been detected yields a plot where we can see the peak here. 93 00:05:04,320 --> 00:05:06,210 频率是140赫兹 And it's at a frequency of one hundred and forty hertz, 94 00:05:06,211 --> 00:05:07,830 与无线电哲学相对应 Which corresponds to a radio philosophy. 95 00:05:07,831 --> 00:05:09,240 每秒一百十五米 One hundred and fifteen meters per second. 96 00:05:10,980 --> 00:05:14,730 现在这个多普勒分辨率是停留时间内脉冲数的函数 Now this Doppler resolution is a function of the number of pulses in the dwell time. 97 00:05:14,731 --> 00:05:17,700 所以如果我们想提高速度测量的准确性 So if we wanted to improve the accuracy of the speed measurement, 98 00:05:17,701 --> 00:05:20,070 我们可以在这个特殊的物体上发出更多的脉冲 We can send out more pulses at this particular object. 99 00:05:21,480 --> 00:05:24,690 相位种族主义工具箱还设置了多普勒响应系统 A phase racism toolbox also has arranged Doppler response system, 100 00:05:24,691 --> 00:05:25,140 反对 Object. 101 00:05:26,310 --> 00:05:30,660 这个对象本质上计算数据立方体中跨范围引脚的fft This object essentially computes the fft across the range pins in the data cube. 102 00:05:30,661 --> 00:05:31,680 所以当你看这个情节的时候 So when you look at this plot, 103 00:05:31,681 --> 00:05:36,480 在20公里的距离和150米每秒的速度下 你可以看到强劲的返回 You can see the strong return at a distance of twenty kilometers and at a speed of one hundred fifty meters per second. 104 00:05:37,950 --> 00:05:44,190 本例旨在说明如何处理雷达数据立方体以确定移动物体的距离速度和方位 This example is meant to show how to process a radar data cube to determine the range speed and bearing of a moving object. 105 00:05:45,540 --> 00:05:52,320 face种族主义工具箱有其他非常处理技术 如DNA算法和员工时空 The face racism toolbox has other very processing techniques like DNA algorithms and staff space time, 106 00:05:52,321 --> 00:05:53,670 自适应处理 Adaptive processing, 107 00:05:53,671 --> 00:05:57,060 您可以从中提取有关存档中包含的目标返回的更多信息 Where you can extract even more information about the target returns contained in the archive.