冰 凍 星 球 Ⅱ
在地球最南端 At the far south of our planet
有著世界上環境惡劣至極的冰凍大地 lies the most hostile of the Earth's frozen lands.
南極洲 Antarctica.
此地的氣溫可降至攝氏零下80度 Here, temperatures can fall to below minus 80 degrees Celsius...
疾風高達時速兩百英里 ...and winds blow up to 200mph.
其冰凍中心幾乎全無生命 Its icy centre is almost devoid of life.
可是在南極洲的邊緣 But on the edge of Antarctica,
有些生物不僅找到了 some creatures find a way
生存之法，而且欣欣向榮 not just to survive, but to flourish.
此處匯聚的豐富生命是 Here are some of the greatest concentrations of life
地球上其他地方所不及 to be found anywhere on Earth.
冰 凍 南 方
南極洲這座大陸位在地球最南端 The continent of Antarctica lies at the southern end of the globe.
面積是澳洲的兩倍 Twice the size of Australia,
是地球上最大也最冷的一片土地 it's the largest, coldest expanse of land on the planet.
然而在其北方，跨越一千英里的海洋 To the north of it, however, across 1,000 miles of ocean,
就是次南極群島 lie the subantarctic islands,
環境對於生命的惡劣程度較低 where conditions are somewhat less hostile to life.
其中最大的是南喬治亞島 The largest of them is South Georgia.
在這裏全年都有一百萬隻帝企鵝生活繁衍 Here, a million king penguins live and breed the year round.
企鵝母親在出海一個月後返回 A mother has returned after a month at sea...
為它飢餓的幼鳥搜羅食物 ...collecting food for her hungry chick.
幼鳥在十個月大時的體型，如同人類幼兒 At ten months old, chicks are the size of a human toddler,
身上只有薄薄一層絨毛 and covered in no more than a downy fleece.
在幼鳥長出防水羽毛前，無法自行下海 Until they get their waterproof feathers, they themselves cannot go to sea...
因此完全要仰賴父母帶回食物 ...so they have to rely totally on their parents to bring them food.
它們的相處時間短暫 Their time together is brief -
只夠讓它吐出捕獲的魚和烏賊 just long enough to disgorge her crop of fish and squid.
時間飛逝 All too soon,
父母又得回到海中繼續覓食 parents have to return to sea to collect more.
可是回到海上需要好幾個小時 But getting back there can take several hours.
數百對父母結伴往返 Hundreds of parents make the commute together.
鳥喙也能當作冰鑿使用 A beak can be used as an ice-pick
以越過途中較陡的路段 to negotiate the steeper parts of their trek.
這段白雪覆蓋的漫漫長路 This mile-long snow-covered trudge
對這個族群來說絕無僅有 is unique to this colony,
而且前所未見 and has never been seen before.
終於來到了大海 At last, the sea.
在陸上停留數日後，它們的羽毛需要清洗 After several days on land, their feathers need washing to be ready
準備好展開接下來多日的游泳 for the long days of swimming that lie ahead.
可是此地不宜久留 But this is a dangerous place to loiter.
豹斑海豹 Leopard seals.
身長三公尺 Three metres long,
體型是帝企鵝的至少三倍大 more than three times the size of a king penguin,
這些可怕的獵人通常獨來獨往 these fearsome hunters are usually solitary.
但每年這個時節，在這處海灣 But at this time of the year,
會出現多達三十隻 in this bay, there are as many as 30 of them.
假使這些企鵝以為上岸就能安全 If these penguins think that they're safe on land...
那它們就錯了 ...they are mistaken.
隨便一隻碩大海豹，一天就能抓到多達十隻企鵝 Any one of these huge seals can take as many as ten penguins a day.
它們聚在一起的生存機會最大 Their best chance is to stay with the crowd.
數量多才安全 There's safety in numbers.
成功了 Made it.
一個月後卻又要返回 Only to return in a month's time...
再次與死亡正面交手 ...and once again face death head-on.
這著實是身為父母者，所要面對的最大挑戰 This is surely one of the greatest challenges faced by any parent.
在南極洲大陸東岸的一千五百英里外 1,500 miles off the continent's east coast
還有另一個很小的前哨站 lies another of the tiny outposts
對於南極野生動物的生存至關重要 that are vital for the survival of Antarctic wildlife.
次南極群島的安蒂波德斯島 The Sub-Antarctic Islands of the Antipodes.
春天，較長的白晝將島上任何一丁點空地 In spring, the longer days turn each tiny speck of land
都變成可能的繁殖場 into a potential breeding ground...
等待澳洲漂泊信天翁 ...for the Antipodean wandering albatross.
它的翼展有三公尺，是所有鳥類中最大 Its wings are three metres across, amongst the biggest of any bird.
這只14歲的雄鳥 This 14-year-old male
性成熟已經足以開始挑選伴侶 is now mature enough to start selecting a partner.
對體型較小、體色較深的雌鳥來說 For the smaller, darker female,
挑選合適的交配對像同樣重要 choosing a suitable mate is of equal importance.
畢竟它們可能要共度往後的50年 After all, they may stay together for the next 50 years.
為了做出這個重大決定 To make this crucial decision,
它們會使用所有海鳥中，最繁複的求偶儀式 they use one of the most elaborate courtship rituals of any sea bird.
首先雄鳥會面向天空 He begins by sky-pointing.
似乎奏效了 It seems to be working.
接著它會嘗試一種舞步 Next, he attempts a move...
就是所謂的「雙鳥點頭」 ...known as the double head-bob.
結尾就是成敗關鍵 The finale is the real decider.
同步展翅 Synchronised wing-spreading.
雌鳥似乎心動了 She seems impressed.
可是另一隻雄鳥突然出現 But another male appears...
還炫耀它的翅膀 ...and shows off his wings.
翼展越大就越有吸引力 The greater the span, the more attractive he could be.
可是第一隻雄鳥，不會容忍對手來攪局 But the first male won't tolerate a rival cutting in.
此時卻又有一位挑戰者加入競爭 Yet another hopeful joins in the competition.
又來一位 And another.
這可不是什麼比舞大會 This was not supposed to be a dance-off.
雌鳥喜歡一次一個舞伴 She prefers one tango at a time.
看來今年它終究無法如願以償 It seems that this is not going to be his year after all.
然而它已引起另一隻信天翁的注意 But he's caught the eye of another albatross.
它再次展開求偶演出 Once again, he begins his courtship display.
可是這只其實也是雄鳥 But this is, in fact, another male.
儘管如此，它仍持續展現自己的條件 Regardless, he continues to demonstrate his eligibility.
這一位依然有可能是它共度餘生的對象 This could still be the one with whom he will share the rest of his life.
在安蒂波德斯島，這種情況越來越常見 On the Antipodes Islands, it's becoming increasingly common.
如今雄鳥的數量是雌鳥的三倍 Today, there are three times as many males as females.
雌鳥覓食的範圍比雄鳥更往北 Females feed further north than the males,
在這片水域有工業捕魚船隊 in waters used by industrial fishing fleets
造成大量海鳥被捕捉溺死 that catch and drown great numbers of sea birds.
結果導致此地的雌性信天翁數量正在銳減 As a result, the female albatross here is now declining fast.
這樣的同性伴侶結合 A same-sex partnership like this
或許無法帶來生存優勢 may bring no survival advantage...
但顯然勝過孤獨一生 ...but is apparently preferable to a life alone.
在南極洲眾多孤島上，能發現豐沛的生命 The wealth of life found around Antarctica's lonely islands
證明了周邊水域的富饒程度 is evidence of the richness of the waters that surround them.
南冰洋 The Southern Ocean.
或許狀似兇險 It may appear treacherous.
凜冽狂風更吹出強勁海流 Its gale-force winds certainly create powerful currents.
然而這些動盪卻有著重要功效 But all this stirring has an important effect.
能將深處的養分帶到海面 It brings up nutrients from the depths,
催生出地球上最肥沃的海域 helping to create some of the richest seas on Earth.
這也為史上最大的動物提供了食物 And this provides food for the largest animal to have ever lived.
南極藍鯨 The Antarctic blue whale.
身長超過三十公尺 It's more than 30 metres long...
過去卻很少被拍攝到 ...but it's rarely been filmed before.
只有南冰洋能提供四噸的食物 Only the Southern Ocean can provide the four tonnes of food
滿足這種最大型的鯨魚每日所需 that the biggest of all blue whales needs every day.
這種海中巨獸被獵捕到近乎滅絕 This ocean giant was almost hunted to extinction,
然而多虧有商業捕鯨的國際禁令 but thanks to an international ban on commercial whaling,
它的數量正在增加 its numbers are now increasing.
越靠近南極洲大陸的海域 The closer the seas are to mainland Antarctica...
水溫就越低 ...the colder they become...
直到海岸外的數百英里 ...until, a few hundred miles offshore,
海面完全凍結 the ocean's surface freezes solid.
形成一層海冰 It forms a cover of sea ice
面積是歐洲的兩倍，環繞整座大陸 that is twice the size of Europe and encircles the entire continent.
這處據點 This is a stronghold
棲息著南極洲最了不起的住民之一 for one of Antarctica's most remarkable inhabitants.
它用牙齒啃咬，防止換氣孔凍結 It uses its teeth to prevent its breathing holes from freezing over.
威德爾海豹 The Weddell seal.
在地球最南端繁衍的哺乳動物 The most southerly breeding mammal on the planet.
這只十天大的幼海豹，仍完全依賴母親 This ten-day-old pup is still entirely dependent on his mother.
在冰層上或許能不受海洋掠食者的侵擾 Out on the ice,it may be safe from marine predators...
可是在出生的兩周內 ...but within its first two weeks,
就必須冒險進入水下世界 it will have to venture into the underwater world
它的未來仰賴於此 upon which its future depends.
這是地球上最冰冷的水域 This is the coldest water on Earth.
因此不意外的是 So it's not surprising
小小的幼海豹需要一些鼓勵 that a pup needs some encouragement.
現在該離開安全的換氣孔了 It's time to leave the safety of the breathing hole.
為了能在捕到魚後安全歸來 To catch fish and then safely return,
這只幼海豹必須學會認路 this pup must learn how to find his way
在水下冰穴的迷宮中穿梭 through the maze of underwater ice caverns.
可是才剛過八分鐘 But after just eight minutes...
母親就示意應該返回 ...his mother signals that it's time to head back.
它能夠閉氣一個半小時 She can hold her breath for an hour and a half.
可是幼海豹已經疲倦，而且就快沒氣了 But he is already starting to tire and is running out of air.
在返回換氣孔途中 On their way back to their breathing hole,
它們聽見如同戰鬥機一般的巨響 they hear a sound as loud as a fighter jet.
這是重達半噸的雄性威德爾海豹的呼喚 It is the call of a half-tonne male Weddell seal
宣告著它正在尋找交配對像 announcing that he's on the lookout for a mate.
然而這只雌海豹仍在為幼海豹泌乳 She, however, is still producing milk for her pup,
因此還不到受孕期 and so isn't sexually receptive.
但雄海豹並未停止嘗試 But he doesn't stop trying.
為了嚇阻它求愛 To repel his advances,
雌海豹會先離開幼海豹 she leaves her pup's side.
可是幼海豹還無力在缺少母親的幫助下 But the pup isn't strong enough
自行上岸 to haul himself out without his mother's help.
它試圖擊退成年雄海豹 She tries to fight off the adult male.
它已給雄海豹重重一擊 She's wounded him so seriously
短時間內不太可能再回來 that he is unlikely to be back any time soon.
母親的輕輕一推 A gentle nudge from Mother
就是疲憊的幼海豹 is all an exhausted pup needs
回到安全的海冰上唯一所需 to make it to the safety of the sea ice.
母親會陪伴幼海豹六個星期 Mothers stay with their pups for six weeks,
屆時它們就夠強壯，可以保護自己 by which time they're strong enough to fend for themselves.
春天降臨，海冰就會退縮 As spring arrives, the sea ice retreats,
南極洲海岸有少數幾個，能接觸到無冰海面 and in a few places, Antarctica's coast is exposed to the open sea.
這能引來各式各樣的動物 And that attracts all kinds of animals.
在海上過冬之後 Having spent the winter at sea,
頰帶企鵝現在總算能上岸繁衍 chinstrap penguins can now come ashore to breed.
很快地，海岸就擠得水洩不通 Soon, the coast becomes extremely crowded.
但還是有辦法能維持社交距離 But there are ways to maintain social distance.
天啊 Oh, dear.
幼鳥在長到八周大之前 The chicks, until they're eight weeks old,
都要仰賴父母提供食物和關乎生死的體溫 depend on their parents for food and, critically, warmth.
融化的水是一大問題 Meltwater is a particular problem.
幼鳥的羽毛還無法防水 The chicks' feathers are not yet waterproof.
弄濕就可能致命 Getting wet could be fatal.
父親的職責就是幫幼鳥保持乾燥 A father's duty is to keep his chicks high and dry...
使用唯一能取得的建材 ...using the only building material available.
石頭 Stones.
而合適的石頭更是珍貴難尋 And suitable ones are precious.
因此每一顆都務必要把握 So it's vital to hold on to every one.
就在轉身背對時 But while backs are turned...
珍貴的藏品，遭到鄰居迅速的掠奪 ...collections are readily plundered by neighbours.
身邊有這樣的盜賊 With thieves like these around...
那顆石頭變得更加珍貴 ...that stone has just become even more valuable.
技能上的不足 What's lacking in skill...
就用堅持不懈來彌補 ...is made up for with persistence.
可是父母的辛苦也可能徒勞無功 But a parent's labours could be in vain.
現今記錄到的夏季氣溫，高達攝氏18度 Summer temperatures have now been recorded as high as 18 degrees Celsius.
結果就是企鵝悉心堆起的平台 As a result, the penguins' carefully constructed platforms
正遭到淹沒 are now being flooded.
融水量是前所未有地多 There is more meltwater than ever before...
地面漸漸變成泥淖 ...and the ground is becoming a quagmire.
在乾燥時，隔絕寒冷能力優異的羽絨 Downy feathers, which are excellent insulation from the cold when dry,
潮濕時便毫無防禦力 are no defence when wet.
失溫悄悄來襲 Hypothermia sets in.
過去50年來 Over the last 50 years,
此地的頰帶企鵝數量已經減少一半 the number of chinstraps here has dropped by half.
南極洲正在失去構築其輪廓的重要元素 Antarctica is losing the very element that defines it.
冰 Ice.
如今消退的速度是原先的六倍 That is now diminishing six times faster than it once did.
南喬治亞島上的紐梅耶冰河 Neumayer Glacier on South Georgia
短短20年間，就失去了近六英里長的冰 has lost nearly six miles of ice in just 20 years.
南極洲某些區域的暖化速度 Parts of Antarctica are warming faster than anywhere else
快過南半球任何一處 in the southern hemisphere.
對於生活在海岸上的動物 And that is having a serious effect
造成嚴重影響 on the animals that live on its coast,
像威德爾海豹 such as the Weddell seal.
由於海冰變少，有許多只能在陸上苦撐 With less sea ice available, many are now hauling out on land.
不只對它們造成問題 That's not just a problem for them...
同時還有專門獵捕它們的掠食者 ...but also for the predators that specialise in hunting them...
南極虎鯨的其中一個族群 ...one particular group of Antarctic killer whales,
數量多達一百頭左右 100 or so animals strong.
虎鯨是人類以外，智慧最高的一種掠食者 Killer whales are among the most intelligent of all nonhuman predators.
它們正在研究要如何對付 And they're now working out how to tackle prey
不是威德爾海豹的獵物 that isn't a Weddell seal.
一隻阿德利企鵝正在冰上休息 An Adelie penguin, resting on the ice.
對成年虎鯨來說只能算是點心 A mere snack for an adult killer whale...
卻能讓這群六歲的鯨魚有機會 ...but it gives this group of six-year-olds
練習它們其中一種格外高明的狩獵技巧 a chance to practise one of their particularly ingenious hunting techniques.
波浪沖擊 Wave-washing.
這種技巧需要練習至少15年，才能嫻熟 A skill that takes at least 15 years to perfect.
首先虎鯨要評估潛在對象的體型與位置 First, the killer whales assess the size and position of a possible victim.
接著必須計算進行攻擊所需的速度 They must then calculate the speed needed for an attack.
可是它們晚了一步 But they're too late.
儘管透過協調良好的擺尾 Even though a co-ordinated flick of their tails
能產生夠大的波浪 creates a reasonable wave...
不能精準掌握時機也是惘然 ...it's nothing without precision timing.
由於在浮冰上休息的偏愛獵物威德爾海豹變少 With fewer of their favourite prey of Weddell seals resting on ice floes,
虎鯨現在別無選擇 killer whales now have no choice
只能鎖定新獵物 but to target new prey.
食蟹海豹 Crabeater seals.
數量高達五千萬頭 Numbering 15 million,
它們是地球上最多的海洋哺乳動物 they're the most abundant marine mammal on Earth.
但它們這個目標卻比威德爾海豹 But they are a far more dangerous target...
更加危險 ...than a Weddell seal.
更強壯 Stronger...
也更勇於反擊 ...and more inclined to fight back.
可是這個鯨群的每個成員 But each member of this pod
每日需要吃一頭海豹 needs to eat a seal a day.
因此覓食的壓力不小 So the pressure is on to feed.
領導它們的雌性族長，深知該如何因應 They're led by a matriarch who knows exactly what to do.
活了至少一百歲的它 Living 100 years or more,
有豐富的狩獵經驗可供汲取 she has plenty of hunting experience to draw upon.
由於浮冰裂成兩半 With the ice floe having broken in two,
海豹變得岌岌可危 the seals have become more vulnerable.
雌性族長現在將浮冰推向無冰水域 The matriarch now pushes the ice floe into open water
讓下一波造成最大衝擊 to give their next wave maximum impact.
這需要團隊合作與精準度 This requires teamwork and precision.
它做出了最後計算 She makes her final calculations.
這頭海豹只有一條路能逃出生天 This seal has only one way of escaping death.
不同於肌肉較少的威德爾海豹 Unlike the less muscular Weddell seal,
食蟹海豹有力量能夠及時一躍出水 the crabeater has the strength to hurl itself out of the water just in time.
對虎鯨來說是白白浪費了力氣 For the killer whales, it has been a significant waste of energy.
進食的急迫性現在更勝以往 Their need to eat is now greater than ever.
豹斑海豹 A leopard seal.
絕對是南極所有海豹中最兇猛的一種 By far the most ferocious of all Antarctica's seals.
這個鯨群是否膽敢對付它？ Dare this pod tackle him?
它是三公尺長的成鯨 He's a three-metre adult,
本身就是攻擊性強的獵人 an aggressive hunter in his own right.
不習慣被虎鯨鎖定 Unused to being targeted by killer whales...
這頭豹斑海豹錯估情勢，離開安全的浮冰 ...the leopard seal makes the mistake of leaving the safety of the ice floe.
虎鯨小心翼翼地接近海豹 The killer whales approach the seal with utmost caution.
避開它那有力的牙齒，從尾巴將它擒拿 Keeping away from its powerful teeth, they seize it by its tail...
試圖將它淹死 ...and try to drown it.
飢餓的少年可以先進食 The hungry youngsters get to feed first.
可是對付不熟悉的獵物具有風險 But tackling less-familiar prey is risky,
對於這些虎鯨來說，挨餓是真正的危機 and starvation is a real danger for these killer whales.
只有時間能說明，這些技巧高超的獵人 Only time will tell whether these skilful hunters can adjust quickly enough
能否及時適應，在這變化中的世界裏存活 to survive in this changing world.
在南極洲富饒的海岸邊緣之外 Beyond Antarctica's rich coastal fringes
有一片廣大的冰凍腹地 lies a vast frozen interior.
這裏絕對是地球上最不宜居的地方之一 This is certainly one of the most inhospitable places for life on Earth.
某些位置的冰帽厚達三英里 Its icecap, three miles thick in places,
存有地球上將近三分之二的淡水 holds almost two-thirds of the Earth's fresh water.
數百萬年來所累積的降雪 The accumulation of snowfalls over millions of years
掩蓋了廣大的山脈，長度勝過喜馬拉雅山 has bedded vast mountain ranges longer than the Himalayas.
能夠被看見的只有山峰的尖端 All that can be seen of them is the tips of their peaks.
高達二十公尺的噴煙裂口 Smoking vents standing 20 metres tall
暗示著藏在冰原之下的火山作用 hint at the volcanicity that lies beneath the ice sheet.
近期發現二十多個先前所不知的火山 The recent discovery of more than 20 previously unknown volcanoes
說明南極洲是地球上火山最多的地方之一 reveals that Antarctica is one of the most volcanic places on Earth.
高度近四千公尺 Almost 4,000 metres high,
伊裏布斯峰是地球上唯七之一 Mount Erebus is one of just seven volcanoes on Earth
具有永久熔岩湖的火山 with a permanent lava lake.
這片冰凍腹地，只有不到1%的面積無冰 Less than 1% of this frozen interior is free of ice.
然而零星的岩石露頭 But isolated outcrops of rock
為少數願意承受 offer sanctuaries for one of the few animals
攝氏零下三十度低溫的動物，提供了庇護 willing to brave temperatures of minus 30 degrees Celsius.
雪海燕 The snow petrel.
它們往內陸飛行一百英里進行繁衍，以避開掠食者 They fly 100 miles inland in order to breed away from predators.
這只雄鳥正在努力清出一個淺坑 This male gets to work clearing a shallow scrape,
接著它會鋪上羽毛 which he will then line with feathers
為它的幼鳥在酷寒之中，提供些許保護 to give his chick a little protection from the bitter cold.
可是巖縫的供給不足 But crevices are in short supply...
隨時會有競爭對手來搶奪 ...and rivals are ever ready to fight for them.
當空戰無效，雪海燕就會動用另一種武器 When aerial combat fails, snow petrels deploy another weapon.
嘔吐 Vomit.
這有可能致命 It could be lethal.
假使惡臭的胃油凍結，它的飛行羽毛就可能黏住 If the putrid stomach oil freezes, his flight feathers could stick together.
幸好它知道該如何清理 Fortunately, he knows how to clean them...
洗一個雪澡 ...with a snow bath.
接著就可以繼續進行繁衍任務 Now to get on with the task of breeding.
從這裏到南極，往內陸深入一千英里 From here to the South Pole, 1,000 miles further inland...
生存環境變得更加嚴酷 ...conditions become even more hostile for life.
在南極東部冰原上呼嘯的風 Winds driving over the East Antarctic Ice Sheet
最高可達時速兩百英里 can reach speeds of up to 200mph.
這些凜冽狂風從冰原降下時 As these gale-force winds descend from the ice sheet,
不但速度提高，溫度也會上升 they pick up both speed and warmth.
形成地球上最貧瘠的環境 They create the most arid conditions on Earth.
這些不是雪堆 These aren't snowdrifts.
而是沙丘 They're sand dunes.
這些所謂的「干谷」 Some of these so-called dry valleys
有部分已經超過一百萬年沒有降雨 have not felt rain in over a million years.
由風所雕鑿 Carved by the wind,
高達四公尺的奇特紀念碑 strange monuments up to four metres tall
矗立在荒涼的谷地 stand on the desolate valley floor.
唯一的生命型態 The only life form...
是已經風幹成屍的食蟹海豹 ...a mummified crab eater seal
有可能是數千年前離奇流落至此 that mysteriously strayed here, possibly thousands of years ago.
可是只要仔細留意 But if you look hard enough...
南極洲腹地還是能夠找到生命 ...life can be found in Antarctica's interior.
隱藏在南極洲東部群山之間 Hidden in the mountains of eastern Antarctica,
溫特塞湖 Lake Untersee.
十多年前 A little over ten years ago,
科學家潛入結冰的湖面之下 scientists dived beneath its frozen surface...
發現了一件事，可能會改變我們 ...and made a discovery that would change our perception
對於外星生命的看法 of the possibility of alien life.
躺在湖床之上的 Lying on its lakebed
是地球上絕無僅有的活構造 are living structures found nowhere else on Earth.
巨大的層石藻 Giant stromatolites.
高度有半公尺 Standing half a metre tall...
存在於湖底的它們，對於地球生命可能的演進過程 ...their existence down here provides an extraordinary insight
提供了非凡洞見 into how life on our planet might have evolved.
數千年來堆棧出這些活構造的 These living structures have been built over thousands of years
可能算是地球上最重要的微生物 by arguably the most important microorganism on Earth.
藍綠藻 Cyanobacteria.
最早出現能產生氧氣的微生物 The very first living organisms to have produced oxygen.
若沒有它們，地球就仍然無法讓高等生命存在 Without them, Earth would have remained uninhabitable for higher life forms.
如果在這個地球上最險惡的環境 If the building blocks for life can be found here,
能夠找到生命的基礎材料 in the most hostile place on Earth...
想必生命就可能存在於遙遠星球的冰凍湖水中 ...surely life could exist in the ice-covered lakes of distant planets.
（在冰天雪地之外）
在南極洲極端環境的拍攝期間 Whilst filming in the extremes of Antarctica, capturing the remarkable behaviour
要捕捉到虎鯨波浪沖擊的奇妙行為 of wave-washing killer whales was to prove
證明是攝影組所遇上的最大挑戰 the crew's greatest challenge yet.
團隊從馬爾維納斯群島出發，所搭乘的金羊毛號 The team set off from the Falkland Islands on board the Golden Fleece,
將是他們接下來一個半月的家 which will be their home for the next month and a half.
指揮團隊的是南極探險家迪翁龐西 It's under the command of Antarctic explorer Dion Poncet.
渡海的天氣怎麼樣？ What's the weather like for the crossing?
第一天很好，還看不出會有什麼問題 The first day is good. And then nothing bad that we can see yet...
要想抵達南極洲，他們必須先穿越德雷克海峽 To reach Antarctica, they must first cross the Drake Passage -
全世界海象最艱險的650英里航程 650 miles of the world's roughest ocean.
只能待在艙房的執行製作馬克布朗洛 Confined to his bunk, executive producer Mark Brownlow
發現暈船，被打敗了 has yet to find his sea legs. Destroyed.
出海第四天 Fourth day at sea.
還是暈船 Sick.
一抵達南極半島， On arrival at the peninsula,
他們便展開搜尋，嚮導是李希克莫 their search begins, guided by Leigh Hickmott,
這位鯨魚科學家參與過一項為期14年 a whale scientist who is part of a 14-year study
針對唯一懂得波浪沖擊的虎鯨群的研究 on the only killer whales in the world known to wave-wash.
現在我們更加瞭解 We now have a greater understanding,
這些虎鯨的數量究竟有多低 perhaps, of how small the population is, actually, of these killer whales.
成為父母的數量約五十隻，所以真的不多 The parent population is about 50 animals, so really not very many at all.
由於這些技巧高超的虎鯨 With so few of these highly specialised killer whales
鮮少巡遊超過鯨群一半的範圍 patrolling an area more than half the size of Wales,
他們前往最後現身的地點 they head to where they were last sighted.
經過三天不眠不休的監視後 After three days of round-the-clock surveillance,
組員終於瞥見身影 the team finally catch a glimpse.
發現第一隻虎鯨 Found our first killer whales.
就是我們要的 There's the one we want! Whoo!
這是好的開始 Good start.
（傑米麥克佛森，攝影師）
為了拍到靠近水面的鏡頭 To get shots low to the water,
他們出動陀螺穩定儀攝影系統 they launch a gyro-stabilised camera system in a small boat
搭乘一艘長度只有虎鯨一半的小船 that's only half the length of the killer whales. Stay still.
太冷了 That's so cool!
明顯感受到我們被打探 Definitely feel like we've just been checked out.
還蠻嚇人的 It's quite intimidating.
首創拍攝先例 In a filming first,
攝影機操作員柏蒂葛雷哥利 camera operator Bertie Gregory
啟動無人機， 以新視角捕捉這種狩獵技巧 launches the drone to capture a new perspective on this hunting technique.
有四、五隻虎鯨探頭出水 We've got four, five killer whales, spy-hopping.
有些正在遠離，可能是要準備造浪 Some are moving away! They might get ready for a wave.
這是第一波 There's the first wave!
這是破碎波，把冰震成兩半 That's the breaking wave that's broken the pack in half.
海豹落水… The seal's in the water!
它可能有麻煩了 Seal's in the water! He could be in trouble here.
它們大可利落地獵殺海豹 They could just kill the seal cleanly,
但它們要利用海豹來教導年輕世代狩獵 but they are using the seal to teach their young how to hunt.
看了很不忍心 It's really hard to watch.
團隊的創新畫面 The team's ground-breaking footage
也提供了寶貴的科學數據 is also providing valuable scientific data,
為這些高超虎鯨的長期研究，做出貢獻 contributing to the long-term study of these highly specialised killer whales.
個體編號B17最早在2009年被拍到 Animal B-17 - she was first photographed back in 2009.
這就是它在「冰凍星球I」期間，被拍到的照片 So here she is. This is a photograph taken during Frozen Planet I.
請看右邊，這張照片是我們巡航時拍的 If we look on the right, here's a picture that we took during our cruise.
它肯定是這個族群的雌性族長 She's certainly the matriarch of her particular group.
我們目睹它如何教導後代 We're seeing how she's teaching her offspring
成為高效率殺手 to become this very efficient killer.
但在一開始的前景看好之後，情況轉趨惡化 But after such a promising start, conditions take a turn for the worse.
發生驟變的就是天氣 The thing that's changed enormously here is the weather.
在過去，南極半島最著名的就是 In the past, the peninsula was famous for
海面平靜無波、陽光普照，晴朗的天空 perfect calm, still, bright sunshine, clear skies.
現在變得很少見 And doesn't happen so much.
天氣變暖就代表海冰變少 And warmer weather here means less sea ice, which could
可能會對虎鯨偏好的獵物 威德爾海豹 have consequences for the killer whales'
造成負面影響 preferred prey of Weddell seals.
這是一個殘酷的諷刺，真的 There's a cruel irony, really,
我們發現的最大的威德爾海豹群 that we've today found the largest group of Weddell seals,
但它們是在海灘上，而不是大塊浮冰 but they're on the beach. They're not on pack ice.
這有可能是因為南極半島 And that's potentially because the Antarctic Peninsula
是地球上變暖最快的地方 is one of the most rapidly warming places on the planet.
團隊拍攝到虎鯨轉而獵捕食蟹海豹 The team film the killer whales switching to hunt crab eater seals...
接著卻又發生奇特的事情 ...but then, something remarkable happens.
它們找上了南極洲的 They approach one of Antarctica's
最強悍的掠食者之一，豹斑海豹 most formidable predators, the leopard seal.
真的難以置信，通常它們不會把豹斑海豹視為主要獵物 This is absolutely incredible, because that's really not considered a key prey for them.
它選錯冰塊了 Ooh, he's chosen a bad piece.
浮冰裂成四塊，它選了最小的一塊 The ice has split into four and he's chosen the smallest quarter.
嘆為觀止 It's phenomenal.
這是首次有虎鯨獵捕豹斑海豹 It's the first time a killer whale
被鏡頭拍下 hunting a leopard seal has been captured on camera.
儘管難得一見 As extraordinary as that is,
卻也發人深省地暗示著虎鯨眼前的挑戰 it's a sobering indication of the challenges ahead for these killer whales.
要說我們正在面臨氣候緊急狀態並不為過 I don't think it's too much to say that we are facing a climate emergency.
在我們失去大型浮冰環境的同時 There's a real chance that, as we lose this pack-ice environment,
具備地球上最複雜覓食策略的這種掠食者 that this predator, that has one of the most complex foraging strategies on the planet,
也很有可能消失 is going to be potentially lost.
這是我不想在有生之年見到的悲劇 And that's a tragedy that I, in my lifetime, don't want to see,
為了後代著想，我們更不能坐視不管...... and for our children, most certainly, we can't allow to happen.
翻譯：Iyuno-SDI Group 再補校中英合併chenym
下一集，我們將前往北方冰凍的土地 Next time, we journey to the frozen lands of the north.
被雪封的森林和巨大的開闊冰原世界 A world of snowbound forests and vast open tundra.
季節性的極端 Where seasonal extremes
將動物推向極限 push animals to their limit.
開放大學創作了一個海報 The Open University has produced a poster
探索動物如何適應世界上最冰冷環境的生活 exploring how animals adapt to life in the world's coldest environments.
為訂購你免費副本，請致電0300 303 0553 To order your free copy, please call 0300 303 0553,
或者到網站 bbc.co.uk/frozenplanet2 or go to bbc.co.uk/frozenplanet2
隨後鏈接到開放大學 ...and follow the links to the Open University.