-: Hello you four and welcome
to our very first lesson about Islam.
My name is Mr. Pedroza.
Now normally the children at the school
where I work at, as I work in a school in London,
they would refer to me by my first name which is Juan
but seeing as how we are at Oak National Academy,
then you're gonna have to refer
to me by my surname which is Pedroza.
So Mr. Pedroza it is.
It feels slightly weird because normally
the only time that I would be referred to by my surname
would be if my boss was angry or if my mom was angry.
So, it's a bit weird but Mr. Pedroza it's going to be.
Now team, I am really excited because we are going
to get to learn all about a really important religion
which is Islam and Islam is an important religion
because around 1.6 billion people
around the world follow this religion.
So it has a lot of followers and so we're
going to delve deeply into their practices,
what Muslims believe, the origin story behind Islam,
that's what we're going to do today
and so I am so ready and I am so excited
to be learning about Islam with you.
Now, let me share my screen with you.
So as the title of the lesson suggests,
we are going to be learning all about how Islam began.
So how did the religion of Islam begin?
And this is going to be the structure of our lesson today.
So we're gonna have a look at some star words,
we're gonna have a look at some key vocabulary
that we need to learn in our lesson.
Then we are going to find out
a little bit about what Islam is.
Then we're going to have a look at a country
which is very important in the history of Islam,
which is Saudi Arabia and we're going
to have a look at Saudi Arabia before Islam.
So what was it like before the advent of this religion?
Then we're gonna have a look at an important figure,
the most important figure in Islam, which is Muhammad
and then once we've accrued all the knowledge about his life
we're going to draw a timeline at the very end.
So in order for you to succeed in this lesson,
these are the things that you're going to have to get.
You have to get an exercise book or a piece of paper,
a pencil or a pen, preferably you get a ruler as well
so that you can draw a timeline at the very end.
But most importantly, you're going to have
to use your brain because there's going
to be lots of information coming at you.
So you're going to have to be really engaged.
So go and get that juicy brain of yours.
So at this point, if you want to pause
the video so you can go and get those things,
you're more than welcome to do so.
So let's have a look at the very first
part of the lesson, which is the star words.
So these are our star words.
This is the key vocabulary in our lesson today.
So on the screen, you can see the star words
for today's lesson and I'm going to be running
through some of these star words now but
I'll be referring to them throughout the lesson as well.
So we've got Islam and Islam is a monotheistic religion.
A monotheistic religion means that
there is a belief in one god and a religion
is a set of beliefs about how the universe
was made and what its purpose is.
And a religion usually involves the worship of a god or gods
and it also encompasses the belief in certain ideas
about what is right and about what is wrong as well.
And now religions are usually founded by prophets
and prophets are people inspired by God.
Now Islam is a religion which originated
in a region of the world called the Middle East
and specifically the country of Saudi Arabia
and it was founded by a prophet named Muhammad.
So what is Islam?
So Islam is a monotheistic religion
and I like to do this when I say monotheistic because
it reminds me that monotheism means the belief in one God.
And it began in a country called Saudi Arabia
in the Middle East around 1400 years ago.
Do you guys know where Saudi Arabia is?
Let's have a look at the map, let's zoom in to our map.
If you think you know where Saudi Arabia is, point to it.
If you need to pause the video, then you can.
Let's have a look and see if you were right.
I think you are, ready, three, two, one.
Oh my goodness, you were bang right.
There it is, that's Saudi Arabia bang
right in the middle and surrounded by countries
such as Iran to the west,
there's the United Arab Emirates, there's Dubai.
To the west, it is surrounded by Egypt,
there's Egypt here and to the south,
it's surrounded by Yemen and Oman.
So great knowledge of the world map.
Now let's have a look at what Islam is.
So Islam is the oldest,
sorry, is the youngest of the Abrahamic religions
and Abrahamic means related to the prophet Abraham
and Abraham is a prophet in Christianity
and he's also a prophet in Judaism.
And Islam was founded in Saudi Arabia around the year
620 C.E. by Muhammad.
Keep that date in mind because
I'm gonna ask you a question really soon.
Now let's have a look at the very first question.
So, when did Islam begin as a religion?
Was it A, in 620 B.C.E.?
Trying to trick you.
Was it B, 620 years ago?
Was it C, 6,200 years ago?
Or was it D,
in 620 C.E.?
So guys, if you want to pause the video now, you can.
If you want to go back and watch
that section of the video, then you can as well.
Okay, let's have a look at the answer.
When did Islam begin as a religion?
Islam began as a religion in 620 C.E.
Excellent job, guys, high five.
Let's keep going.
What is Islam?
So Muslims believe that Muhammad was a prophet.
Remember that a prophet is someone inspired by God,
just like Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus.
However, Muslims believe that Muhammad is the final prophet.
He was given the full knowledge of all things by God
and as a result, he is sometimes
referred to as the Seal of the Prophets.
That means there will be no more prophets after Muhammad
and the knowledge that Muhammad accrued
was given to him by the angel Gabriel
and it was written into a book
called the Qur'an in the Arabic language.
Let's have a look at your second question.
Islam was revealed to Muhammad by the angel?
Was there the angel Michael?
Was there the angel Raphael?
Was it the angel Daniel or was it the angel Gabriel?
So A, B, C or D.
Again, if you want to pause the video
or if you're going to go back, you can.
Have a go.
Okay, let's have a look at the answer to the question.
So Islam was revealed to Muhammad by the angel?
Gabriel, excellent job guys, well done.
Now let's have a look at Saudi Arabia before Islam.
So we said that Islam was founded by Muhammad in Saudi
Arabia but what was Saudi Arabia like before Islam?
So this map shows you a close up of Saudi Arabia
where the religion of Islam emerged in around 620 C.E.
Before Islam, Arabia was inhabited
by people who believed in a variety of religions.
So including polytheism,
which is the opposite of monotheism.
So polytheism is the belief in many, more than one god.
It was also inhabited by lots of Christians
and by lots of Jews and at this time,
Arabia was bordered by two powerful empires.
The Byzantine Empire to the northwest
and to the east, the Persian Sassanid Empire
and these two empires at the time of the birth of Islam,
these two empires had been at war,
constant war nonstop for around 18 years.
Now let's have a look related to that.
By 620 C.E.,
how long had the Byzantine
and Sassanid Empires been at war for?
Was it 80 years?
Was it B, eight years?
Was it C, 18 years?
Was it D, 800 years?
Oh my goodness, imagine being at war for 800 years.
Again if you want to pause the video, you can.
If you want to go back, you can also do that.
Have a go.
Okay, let's have a look at the answer to that question.
So by 620 C.E., how long had the Byzantine
and the Sassanid Empires been at war for?
So by 620 C.E., the Byzantine and Sassanid
Empires had been at war for 18 years.
Excellent job guys, well done.
Now let's have a look at who was Muhammad.
So this is Muhammad's early life.
So Muhammad was born in around 570 C.E.
and he lived in Mecca in Saudi Arabia
and this is the picture of the Kaaba
which is located in the Grand Mosque in Mecca
and Muhammad's life was quite tragic in the beginning.
His dad died before he was born
and when he was only six years old, his mom died
and so as a result, he became an orphan
by the age of six and he was looked after by a relative.
And then he worked as a merchant traveling around,
trading but it was quite a sad life.
So he made something out of himself by becoming a merchant.
So what did Muhammad work as?
So did Muhammad work as a teacher?
Was he a trader?
Was he a soldier?
Was he a farmer?
A, B, C or D.
Have a think and then have a go.
Okay, let's have a look at the answer, are you ready?
I'm sure you got it right.
Muhammad worked as a trader, great job.
He was a trader traveling around trading goods.
Now here comes the crucial part of Muhammad's life.
This is where he becomes, he goes from
being an ordinary man to becoming a prophet.
For several weeks each year,
Muhammad would go to a mountain called Jabal al-Nour
to pray in a cave and this cave is referred to as Cave Hira.
Now here the Muslims believe
that the angel Gabriel came to Muhammad in 609 C.E.
and he revealed his first revelation from God.
So he revealed the first words,
the first message from God to Muhammad
and Muslims call this the Night of Power.
So the night in which the angel Gabriel first appeared
to Muhammad is called the Night of Power, what's it called?
Night of Power, keep that in your head.
Now the angel Gabriel made Muhammad recite his words
so that he could learn them by heart and the reason
why he did that was because Muhammad was illiterate.
That means that he didn't know how to read or write
and so as a result, the angel Gabriel thought
I have to make Muhammad learn these words by heart,
otherwise he's going to forget the words of God
and it took a full 23 years
for the whole Qur'an to be revealed.
It took the angel Gabriel 23 years
to pass all of the messages from God to Muhammad
and after Muhammad's death, lots of his followers
had also learned the word of God by heart
and they wrote all of his words into a book
called the Qur'an which is the Islamic holy book
and they wrote it in a language called Arabic.
Now I hope you kept that information
I told you to keep in your head in your head
because you're gonna have to use it here.
So Muhammad received his first revelation
in 609 C.E. from the angel Gabriel.
What do Muslims call this night?
Do they call it the Night of Sorrow?
Do they call it the Day of Power?
Do they call it the Night of Thunder?
Or do they call it the Night of Power?
A, B, C or D.
Again if you want to pause the video, you can.
If you want to go back, then you can.
Have a go.
Let's have a look at the answer.
Please tell me you've got it right, ready?
So Muhammad received his first revelation
in 609 C.E. from the angel Gabriel.
Muslims call this the Night of Power.
Yes, great job guys.
Let's have a look at Muhammad's journey as a prophet now.
So he's gone from being an ordinary man,
he's now a prophet, he's inspired by God because
he's received the word of God from the angel Gabriel.
Muhammad traveled from Mecca to Jerusalem,
this is the story, this is what Muslims believe happened.
So it's said that Muhammad traveled
from Mecca to Jerusalem on a (static warbling).
And it's said that he traveled
to the furthest mosque which was located in Jerusalem.
Now during this night, Muhammad is also
said to have traveled to heaven and hell.
I wonder why he traveled to both places?
Why not just heaven?
Interesting.
During this journey, he's also said
to have spoken to prophets such as Jesus, Moses and Abraham
and Muslims call this event the Night
Journey and in Arabic it is known as Isra and Mi'raj.
So this journey where he traveled to Jerusalem,
he traveled to heaven and hell and he spoke
to the prophets, that's Jesus, Moses and Abraham
is called the Night Journey, what's it called?
It's called the Night Journey.
Keep that in your head.
Right, let's have a look.
So during the Night Journey,
Muhammad traveled from Mecca to, where did he travel to?
Did he travel to Rome?
Did he travel to London?
Did he travel to Medina?
Did he travel to Jerusalem?
A, B, C or D,
have a go.
Okay, let's have a look at the answer, are you ready?
Ready, so during the Night Journey,
Muhammad traveled from Mecca to the furthest mosque in?
Jerusalem, excellent job guys and remember
that he traveled on a winged horse called Buraq.
The winged horse was called Buraq.
Now let's have a look at the end,
towards the end of Muhammad's life.
Muhammad began to gain more followers to his new religion.
Muhammad began to take on the role of the prophet
and he began to spread the word of God
and that made him followers but that also made him
lots of enemies who did not like his new religion
and this made other people cross with him
because they thought that his religion
was a threat to their religion, to their power
and so as a result in 622 C.E.,
Muhammad and his followers were
forced to leave Mecca for Medina.
They had to flee for their safety and this journey
to Medina is called the Hijra, what's it called?
The Hijra.
Now during this journey, he was attacked
by other tribes including the Meccans.
So you can see that Muhammad,
even though he became powerful,
he also became threatened by other people
who did not like his new power and his new influence.
Now after a period of around seven years,
Muhammad traveled back and with a large army
of around 10,000 soldiers, he traveled back
and conquered Mecca in 629 C.E.
and after that, he conquered the rest of Saudi Arabia.
Now, Muhammad died three years later in 632 C.E.
and there was a split over who should
succeed him as the leader of Islam and as a result,
his followers divided into two camps
which are known as Sunni and Shia
and to this day, these groups still disagree
over who was the right person to succeed Muhammad.
Now guys, we have made it all the way
to our last activity and in this activity,
what we're going to do is we are now going
to summarize Muhammad's life into an eight part timeline.
Here are all the events that you can see there
but they're all jumbled up.
So let's have a look at the events.
Let's read the events first and then
we're gonna see where we need to put them.
We have 629 C.E., he travels back to Mecca.
This one is born in 570 C.E.
and became an orphan by the age of six.
The third one down says 621 C.E.
was the Night Journey to Mecca, to Jerusalem.
And the next one is 622 C.E.
which is the Hijra where he leaves Mecca for Medina.
In this one, it says 23 years
for the Qur'an to be fully reveled.
This one says 609 C.E., which is the Night of Power
which is the first revelation from the angel Gabriel.
This one says he became a merchant and then he dies
in 632 C.E. and then Muslims split into Sunni and Shia.
Here's what we're going to do.
We're going to put this into our timeline.
So what you need to do is you need to
on your piece of paper or in your book,
you need to draw a single line.
Make sure that you're using a ruler
or something straight where you can draw a straight line
and on the left hand side,
you're going to write the word "oldest."
On the right hand side,
you're going to write the word "most recent."
You're gonna write the phrase "most recent."
And as it suggests, on the left hand side,
you're going to write the oldest event
and then on the right hand side,
you're going to write the most recent event.
So I'm going to give you a clue.
The oldest event on this timeline
would be around the time Muhammad was born.
So have a think about where that would go.
So the first thing I would do,
I would put all of those in order.
I would number them one to eight
and then once you have done that,
then you can start to put them on the timeline there.
So, the key thing to note is that
some timelines are accompanied by pictures
but in this case, you are not to draw a picture
because Muslims believe that drawing Muhammad
is incredibly disrespectful and also they believe
that it is a sin because they believe that
only God should be worshiped and not Muhammad.
So please make sure that you are not
drawing Muhammad and that you are just
fitting all of these events onto the timeline there.
So at this point, we're going to pause the video
and what I want you to do is I want you to
have a go at your independent task.
So pause the video and then have a go
at the independent task and then when we come back,
I will reveal the fully completed timeline
and I will show you one that I also made in my book.
Okay, at this point pause the video if you need to,
number the events and then put them
on the timeline from the oldest to the most recent.
So have a go, good luck.
Okay, let's have a look, welcome back.
I hope you've had lots of fun.
Let's have a look at the completed timeline.
So here is my completed timeline.
So I'm gonna zoom into it.
So the oldest event was when he was born,
so he was born in 570 C.E.
He became an orphan by the age of six.
The next event then was he became a merchant.
There's no date for that but
we know that's what happened next.
The next one is 609 C.E. which is the Night of Power
which is when he received his
first revelation from the angel Gabriel.
After that, remember that it took 23 years
for the Qur'an to be fully revealed.
After that, we have 620 C.E.
where we have the Night Journey from Mecca to Jerusalem.
After that, we have the Hijra where Muhammad
was forced to leave Mecca for Medina in 622 C.E.
Then in 629 C.E., so seven years later,
he travels back to Mecca with an army of 10,000 soldiers
and he conquers Mecca and he conquers the rest
of Saudi Arabia and then the most recent event,
so the last event on your timeline
is Muhammad's death in 632 C.E.
and the split of his followers
into two camps, Sunni and Shia.
So, that is the completed timeline.
So if you want to pause the video now and just
check that your timeline's correct, you can do that.
Now I just wanted to show you
one that I made in my book, so let's have a look.
So this is my timeline that I made.
So as you can see, I've put oldest here on the left.
I've put most recent on the right.
I tried to use different colors,
I tried to use a color to highlight the years or key dates.
I tried to use a different color
to highlight key people or key events.
As you can see, I wrote the date because
it's important to know when you did this piece of work
and then I drew, I wrote the title.
So it's Muhammad's Life and his Timeline.
That's the title of this piece of work.
Guys, I bet you can do much better work than I can
and I can't wait to see your work and leading on from that,
if you want to impress me and you want to show Mr. Pedroza,
that's me, if you want to show me your work,
then you can ask your parent or carer
to share your work on Twitter @OakNational
and then you've gotta do #ONAYear4.
Make sure that you ask your parents
or your carers for permission
and make sure that they do it for you because
you are not allowed on Twitter because you're too young.
Now guys, thank you so much for joining me today.
I had lots and lots of fun.
It's been a real pleasure teaching you today.
Next lesson, we will be learning
about what Muslims believe and we're going
to focus on the core aspects of their religion.
So again, guys, well done you four.
I hope you enjoy the rest of the day.
I can't wait to see you again in lesson two.
So goodbye, everybody.