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在生命树上 In the great Tree of Life,
哺乳类有一个分支 让我们特别感兴趣 one branch of the mammals has a particular fascination for us,
那就是我们所属的 for we belong to it.
灵长类 Primates.
灵长类的手握力十是 Primate hands provide a firm grip.
朝着前方的双眼 能精确地评估距离 And forward facing eyes accurately assess distance.
这两者都对始于树梢的 生活方式至为重要 Both are crucial for a lifestyle that began in the trees.
灵长类的智力 在动物王国中排名第一 Intelligence among primates can excel that of all other animals.
灵长类能破解难题 Primates can solve difficult problems...
发展出思维和理念 ..develop thoughts and ideas...
建立长长久久的感情 ..and build long-lasting relationships.
最重要的是 But most importantly,
灵长类能记住 在这一生中学到的东西 primates remember what they learn during their lives.
这个节目要告诉各位 智力如何帮助我们的近亲 This film reveals how intelligence helps our closest relatives
迎接生命中的挑战 to tackle the many challenges of life.
《灵长类》
世上有三百五十多种灵长类 There are more than 350 primate species on Earth.
聪明的灵长类 Since they first appeared over 65 million years ago,
在六千五百万年前出现之后 these clever animals have become adapted
适应了各式各样的栖息地 to an extraordinary range of habitats.
这里是埃塞俄比亚南部的 阿瓦士地区 The Awash region of southern Ethiopia.
一处偏远贫瘠的灌木丛林地 A harsh, remote scrubland.
但灵长类依然有办法 把这里变成自己的家园 But primates have learned how to make it their home.
在悬崖上睡了一晚的 Hamadryas baboons are waking up
长鬃狒狒睡醒了 from a night spent high on the cliffs.
长鬃狒狒群的成员 有时超过四百个 These monkeys live in groups up to four hundred strong,
而且没有单一的领袖 with no single leader.
长鬃狒狒的社会结构复杂 由好几个小型妻妾群组成 Theirs is a very complex society, made up of dozens of small harems,
每个妻妾群都由一只公狒狒管理 each governed by a male.
它们每天旱上 离开安全的悬崖觅食 Every morning they leave the safety of the cliffs to find food.
带头的是地位最高的公狒狒 Top-ranking males lead the way.
妻妾群里的母狒狒行为稍有不当 They can be very severe with their females
就会被公狒狒严厉处罚 if there is the slightest misdemeanour.
虽然长鬃狒狒很强壮 Despite their individual strength,
但它们还是比较喜欢集体行动 hamadryas baboons prefer to travel as a troop.
这样比较安全 It's safer that way.
今天旱上狒狒群走到一半 On this particular morning,
突然停下脚步 something stops them in their tracks.
另一群狒狒也在这座悬崖过夜 Another troop is using these cliffs as a barracks.
这里可以容纳一千多只狒狒过夜 More than a thousand baboons can overnight here.
敌对的狒狒群正朝着它们过来 And a rival faction is heading directly their way.
公狒狒趁着混战算旧帐 In the chaos of warfare, males settle old scores.
这也是它们抢妻妾的好机会 This is also their best chance of stealing females.
情况平静下来之后 母狒狒重新三五成群 When the fighting is over, the harems reform.
公狒狒毫不客气地教训 它们群中胆敢乱跑的母狒狒 Lead males punish any of their females who had dared to stray.
铁的纪律是维持秩序的关键 Strict discipline is essential if order is to be maintained.
这是个严酷的社会制度 It's a harsh social system
但对住在这片荒芜平原的 长鬃狒狒来说很管用 but it works for hamadryas baboons here on these arid plains.
世上其他地方的灵长类 In other parts of the world, primates have had to organise
因为面对了不同的挑战 their societies in a different way
以不同的方式组织社会 to cope with different challenges.
日本阿尔卑斯山脉时值隆冬 Mid-winter in the Japanese Alps.
全世界居住位置最北的猴子 就住在这里的上高地谷区 The Kamicoche Valley is the haunt of the most northerly-dwelling monkeys.
住在这里要能忍受 To live here you must be able
摄氏零下二十度的低温 to survive temperatures which plunge to minus 20 centigrade.
这些是日本猕猴 The Japanese macaque.
它们有浓密厚实的毛发 Dense thick layers of fur help
所以不畏风雪 to insulate these snow moneys in this testing environment.
但它们还是会 感受到刺骨的寒冷 But they still feel the cold.
每年到了这个时节，食物都很少 At this time of the year food is scarce.
但是聪明的猕猴能随遇而安 But macaques are adaptable and clever.
这群猕猴发现这条河终年不结冰 The troop has learnt that this river stays ice-free the year round.
这只母猴子知道 This female knows
它可以用多用途的双手 和灵巧的手指 it's a good place to gather insect larvae
在这里的石头下面 找到昆虫的幼虫 from under the rocks, using her versatile hands and nimble fingers.
这群猕猴大半个冬天 都花在觅食上面 In winter, this troop spends most of its time searching for food.
防止这条河结冰的自然力量 The same underground forces that prevent this river from freezing
也给了别的动物慰藉 bring great comfort to others.
日本阿尔卑斯山脉 因火山而形成 The Japanese Alps were built by volcanoes.
其中许多火山至今仍然活跃 Many of them are still active.
有一群雪猴在这个叫做地狱谷的地方 And in a region called Hell's Valley,
找到了最佳的避寒场所 some snow monkeys have found the perfect winter resort.
这座温泉的温度 是让人心旷神怡的 A thermal spa,
摄氏四十一度 where the water temperature is a blissful 41 degrees centigrade.
大伙儿都想进来 但灵长类是政治动物 Everyone wants in, but primates being primates,
猕猴也不例外 there are pool-side politics.
这是个严格采行会员制的俱乐部 This is an exclusive members-only club.
只有地位最高的母猴子和小猴子 才有资格泡汤 Only the highest-ranking females and infants are allowed in.
这只公猴子负责看守温泉 Everyone obeys this male,
过滤泡汤成员 大家都很听它的话 who guards the pool and vets the entrants.
这些系出名门的小猴子 These youngsters, born of the right bloodline,
不知道自己有多幸运 don't know how privileged they are.
地位较低的猴子 只能在寒风中颤抖 Lower ranking individuals are literally left out in the cold.
日本猕猴的社会明显呈现两极化 Japanese macaque society is very divided.
有的逍遥自在 有的什么都没有 There are those that have. And those that have not.
这是一种很残忍的分化 And that is a harsh division,
因为热腾腾的温泉 和冰天雪地间 because the sixty degrees that separate the steaming water
六十度的差距 from the freezing surroundings
有时是决定生死的关键 can make the difference between life and death.
但绝大多数的灵长类 But by far the majority of primate species
都住在温暖的热带森林里 live in warm tropical forests.
其中包括了体型最大的灵长类 Among them are the largest of all.
平地大猩猩的家族族群稳定 Gorillas live in stable family groups
族群只有单一领袖 with just a single leader,
一只银背公猩猩 a silverback male.
这只住在刚果盆地的银背公猩猩 守护着由五只母猩猩 This one, here in the Congo basin, is the guardian of his family
和它们的宝宝组成的家族 which includes five females and their infants.
它们觅食的森林地面危机四伏 He has the responsibility of protecting them from the dangers
银背公猩猩要负起 保护它们的责任 that abound on the forest floor where they feed.
体型庞大的银背公猩猩 一天要吃三十公斤的食物才会饱 To sustain his huge size, he must consume up to thirty kilos a day.
它们主要是吃素 It's mostly plant food,
但大猩猩有时也会拿用一顿 美味的白蚁小点 but western gorillas also enjoy a sprinkling of termites.
小猩猩食量比爸爸小得多 The youngsters need to eat far less than their father,
所以有很多空闲时间 so they've got time on their hands.
它们和人类一样 They like to play for the same reasons we do...
以游戏取乐 for fun.
同时借着游戏建立长久的友谊 And it helps build long-lasting relationships.
银背公猩猩 一刻也不松懈地盯着它们 Their protector keeps a watchful eye on them.
但是 But then...
午睡时间到了 ..it's time for his siesta.
森林中的宁静被打破了 Something shatters the peace.
这只银背猩猩占了上好的地盘 This silverback's territory is one of the best.
但附近至少还有八个猩猩家族 But it has borders with at least eight other gorilla groups.
它们槌胸的声音 The sound of chest-beating
在藤蔓丛生的林下植群中 可以传到一公里之外 travels more than a mile through the tangled under-storey.
这是宣示主权的战鼓声 It's a territorial drum-beat.
想住在这里就得识相点 搞清楚谁才是老大 Everyone must know who is boss around here.
体型比较小的灵长类 行踪隐密得多 Other smaller primates are rather more secretive.
印尼的苏拉威西岛上 住着一种很特别的灵长类 One of the most unusual is found in Sulawesi, Indonesia.
有一只住在这棵 热带榕树的气根间 It lives among the aerial roots of this strangler fig.
它们的祖先在白天时出来打猎 Its ancestors were daytime hunters,
但它们发现黄昏时出来觅食 竟争对手比较少 but they found that there was less competition
现在它们只在天黑之后 if they looked for food in the twilight.
才会出来活动 Now they only stir after dark.
不过天黑之后 可以吃的昆虫还是很多 Nonetheless there's a lot of insect food around.
这是眼镜猴 The spectral tarsier.
眼镜猴是世上唯一 只以食肉为生的灵长类 Tarsiers are the only totally carnivorous primates on Earth.
它们四千五百万年来 几乎没什么变化 They've hardly changed in 45 million years.
大大的眼睛 在最微弱的光线下都看得到东西 Their huge eyes can see in even the faintest light.
眼镜猴的眼球太大 所以在眼窝里无法转动 These eye-balls are so wide they can't swivel in their sockets -
它们得要转头才行 tarsiers have to rotate their heads.
它们灵活的耳朵 连一丝声响都不放过 Their mobile ears can detect the faintest sounds.
强而有力的腿部让它们跳跃的距离 长达体长的四十倍 And their powerful legs enable them to jump 40 times their own length.
这个眼镜猴家族各自散开狩猎 The family group fans out to hunt.
它们很轻松就找到猎物 Prey is not hard to find.
但眼镜猴得时时刻刻提高警觉 But the tarsiers must be watchful.
对身高只有十二公分高的 娇小灵长类来说 For a primate just five inches tall,
森林中的生活处处有危机 life in the forest is full of danger.
公眼镜猴发出警告声 The male sounds the alarm.
整个家族全员撒退 And everyone retreats.
回到它们住的大树 Back in their family tree,
年纪最长的公猴和母猴 发出尖锐的叫声 the senior male and female send out piercing calls.
让脱队的家族成员循着叫声归队 大伙儿趁机连络家族感情 These calls guide any stragglers home, and there they renew the family bonds.
良好的沟通能力 Good communication
是灵长类社会的特色之一 is one of the hallmarks of primate society.
泰国森林里的白手长臂猿 Few communicate more musically than lar gibbons
可说是灵长类中音律沟通的高手 in the forests of Thailand.
它们用来宣示地盘主权的歌声 Their songs carry for many miles across the canopy,
在树冠层中可传到数公里之外 proclaiming that this piece of forest is theirs.
多数的灵长类 拥有绝佳的色彩视觉 Most primates have excellent colour vision,
色彩也可以用做沟通的工具 and colour too can be used in communication.
成年法氏叶猴的外表 看起来也许有点无趣 Adult Phayre's leaf monkeys might seem rather drab.
但是新生儿是另一回事 But not so their newborn.
宝宝鲜明的橘色毛发相当抢眼 Bright orange fur makes the babies very conspicuous,
所以成年叶猴 可以轻易的看到它们 so the adults can easily keep an eye on them.
亲朋好友 Close friends and relatives
都很乐意客串保姆 are eager to help the mother with baby-sitting.
年轻的猴子 可以趁机练习怎么带孩子 It's a good chance for the younger ones to practice parenting.
因此宝宝很少落单 As a result, a baby is never left on its own for long.
几个月后小猴子变得比较独立 When it's a few months old and more independent,
身上的毛色开始变得和母亲一样 it will turn the colour of its mother
并且融入群体 and blend in with the group.
在那之前 想不看到它也难 But until then, it can't be ignored.
气味对住在马达加斯加的 Smell is of particular importance
灵长类格外重要 to the primates that live in Madagascar -
那就是狐猴 the lemurs.
它们有尖尖的回鼻部 和潮湿的鼻子 They have pointed snouts and wet noses.
这些是节尾狐猴 These are ringtail lemurs.
公狐猴用腕部的锐利肉垫 The males have sharp pads on their wrists
划破年轻树木的树皮 with which they scratch the trunks of young trees.
它们腕部的腺体 Glands on their wrists
在划破的树皮上留下强烈气味 impregnate the cut bark with a pungent smell
藉以宣示地盘 that acts as a territorial marker.
母狐猴也会留下自己的气味记号 Females make smelly marks in their own way.
这只母狐猴除了地盘标记之外 还有别的含意 This one's scent carries another signal as well as the territorial one.
它用气味告诉公狐猴它要发情了 It tells males that she's coming in to heat.
但是它的交配期 顶多只有二十四小时 But she will only be sexually receptive for 24 hours or less.
所以公狐猴间的气氛很紧张 So tensions run high among the males.
几只公狐猴 在一阵混乱中悄悄溜走 Amid the commotion, some males sneak off.
它们对着母狐猴挥舞 They have anointed their tails
沾满气味的尾巴 with scent and waft it towards her
想说服它交配 in an attempt to persuade her to mate.
母狐猴是准备好了 She's ready...
但是挑剔得很 but fussy.
这只公狐猴在尾巴上 多抹了些腕部腺体分泌的香水 This male adds more of his wrist gland perfume to his tail.
这招似乎很有效 因为它们一起离开了 It seems to work, for they leave the party together.
这只公狐猴 凭着诱人的尾巴得到胜利 And he wafts his way to victory.
交配意愿 算是相当直接了当的讯息 A willingness to mate is a relatively straightforward message.
但是灵长类 还能进行更复杂的沟通 But primates are capable of much more complex communication.
故事要从一对母女开始说起 It starts between a mother and her baby.
这里是苏门答腊的雨林 The rainforests of Sumatra.
这只母红毛猩猩四十二岁了 This female orang-utan is forty-two years old.
它的第三胎，六岁的女儿 Her third child, a six year old daughter,
还跟在它身边 is still with her.
红毛猩猩照顾下一代的时间 Orangs look after their children for longer than any other primate...
在灵长类中仅次于人类 except ourselves.
它要花九年时间传授下一代 It will take her nine years to teach her youngster
一切有关 这个复杂树梢世界的知识 everything she needs to know about this complex tree-top world.
小红毛猩猩要学习 如何捉蚂蚁和白蚁 She must learn how to collect ants and termites.
如何辨识至少两百种 可以吃的植物 How to identify at least 200 kinds of edible plants...
及避免误食有毒植物 and how to avoid the poisonous ones.
如何辨别如这颗榴莲等的果实 熟得恰到好处可以吃了 And how to judge when fruit, like this durian, has ripened to perfection.
它的女儿得学会如何判断 哪些树枝可以承受自己的体重 Her child must be able to judge which branches can carry her weight.
哪些昆虫的巢穴可以安全觅食 And which insect nests are safe to raid.
完整传授雨林觅食指南 是很冗长的过程 Building up a complete guide to the foods of the forest is a long process.
小红毛猩猩的课程 当然不局限于食物 Her lessons, of course, aren't limited to food.
想在树梢生存 There are other crucial skills she must learn
还得学习别的重要技巧 if she is to survive in the tree tops.
比方说搭建一个 可以安稳过夜的巢 Building a secure nest in which to spend the night,
得练习好几年才能抓到窍门 for example, takes years of practice.
还有这里毕竟是雨林 And this is, of course, a rainforest.
所以所有的红毛猩猩 从小就要学着如何搭建档雨棚 So all orangs must learn how to make a shelter early in their lives.
这里几乎天天下雨 It rains almost every day,
所以这只六岁的小红毛猩猩 已经是老经验了 so this six year old has already had plenty of practice.
它的寿命可能长达五十年 She might live to be fifty years old
有朝一日当了妈妈 and if she too becomes a mother,
也要把这身绝活传给自己的小孩 she'll pass on all this expertise to her own children.
熟记学到的知识 是灵长类生活中很重要的一部分 Remembering your lessons is a vital part of primate life.
光是学会如何利用环境还不够 It's not just learning how to exploit your environment.
学会何时这么做也一样重要 Just as important is knowing when to do so.
非洲的开普半岛 This is Africa's Cape peninsula.
是猴子分布范围的最南端 It's the furthest south that monkeys have managed to settle.
这里有许多可以吃的植物 There's a wide range of plant food here,
但是土壤缺乏养分 but because the soil is so poor in nutrients,
所以熊狒狒发现 不管它们吃了多少食物 Chacma baboons find it difficult to get the range of sustenance they need,
都很难满是对营养的需求 however much they eat.
所以它们要填饱肚子 得发挥冒险精神 So they have had to become quite adventurous in what they will tackle.
开普半岛的海域相当富饶 The waters around the Cape are among the richest in the world.
机灵的狒狒成了潮汐专家 And the wily baboons have become tidal experts.
靠潮水觅食 If you rely on the tides to expose your food,
必须遵守严格的时间表 you have to work to fairly tight schedules.
在大潮期的最低潮间 Every two weeks, on the lowest spring tide,
每隔两周熊狒狒可以 捡到很特别的食物 there's a chance to collect something really special.
它们要找的东西 藏在纠结的海草间 What they've been waiting for is hidden among the fronds of seaweed.
鲨鱼卵 Shark eggs.
虽然每一回都只够塞牙缝 Each one is only a tiny mouthful,
但是鲨鱼卵很多又很营养 but there are lots of them and they're so nutritious
所以麻烦点是值得的 it's worth the trouble.
但是狒狒不能待太久 因为潮水开始转向 But the baboons can't stay long... the tide is turning.
于是它们把注意力 转向今天的主菜，淡菜 So now they switch their attention to the main course of the day... mussels.
这道美食每天 都会随着潮水送上门来 This delicacy is exposed every day, by every tide.
狒狒有强力的双颚和巨大的犬齿 Baboons have powerful jaws and huge canines...
可以轻易地咬碎贝壳 ideal for cracking shells.
如果想在海边 Timing is an essential skill
取得依时出现的所有食物 if you are to harvest all the food
那么时机的掌握就变得格外重要 that becomes available at one time or another around a coast.
不过有些食物是双手灵巧 Some foods, however, are only available
脑筋灵活者的专利 to those who have skilful hands and sharp intelligence.
在哥斯大黎加海边的红树林里 On the coast of Costa Rica, among the mangroves,
住着某些全美洲 live some of the most intelligent monkeys
最聪明的猴子 in the whole of the Americas.
白喉卷尾猴 White-faced capuchins.
它们也学会了如何利用潮水 They too have learnt to work the tides.
白喉卷尾猴的目标是蚌 They are after clams.
但卷尾猴的体型娇小 But capuchins are quite small
没有力气撬开蚌壳 and don't have the brawn to open such shellfish.
还好脑力可以弧补体力的不是 But they do have the brain,
它们发明了一种解决问题的妙招 and they've devised an ingenious way to solve the problem.
那就是把蚌壳敲开 They hammer the clams.
它们并不是想把蚌壳敲碎 They are not trying to crack the shells,
这种敲滚的动作有另一种功用 all this pounding and rolling has another purpose,
让蚌用来紧闭蚌壳的肌肉疲乏 to tire the muscle with which the clam is holding itself shut.
蚌终于再也撑不住了 Eventually the clam can hold out no longer,
卷尾猴的辛苦有了回报 and the capuchin gets its reward.
尝试错误 Trial and error
也许是以解决这个问题 may have been sufficient to solve this particular problem.
但是它们在巴西的表亲 比它们更进一步 But one of their cousins in Brazil has taken things a step further.
褐卷尾猴 Brown-tufted capuchins
结合了灵巧的身手和高智商 combine manual dexterity with considerable intelligence.
它们学会了使用工具 And they have learned to use tools,
用石头当槌子敲开坚果 hammer stones with which to open palm nuts.
有些石头几乎有它们的一半重 Some of the stones are nearly half the weight of the monkey.
如果不用工具打开这些坚果 几乎是不可能的任务 Without a tool, opening these nuts would be an impossible task.
使用工具是灵长类 演化的重大突破 Tool-using was a major breakthrough in primate evolution.
这一点在西非几内亚 And nowhere is it more convincingly displayed
波苏的森林里最明显 than here in the forest of Bossou in Guinea, West Africa.
这一群黑猩猩只有十三只 Chimpanzees in this small community of thirteen individuals
它们会使用各种不同的工具 use tools in a variety of ways.
最让人佩服的是它们用树枝或叶柄 捞蚂蚁的手法 The most delicate is the way they use a twig or leaf stem to dip for ants.
有些技巧是这群黑猩猩的专利 Some of their skills are unique to this particular group.
其中一种是剥开棕榈叶 One of these involves stripping a palm leaf frond
再用它来捣碎营养丰富的棕榈心 and using it like a pestle to mash up the nutritious palm heart.
这只四岁大的黑猩猩学得很快 这也是没办法的事 This four-year old is learning fast. She needs to.
如果到了八岁还没学会某些技巧 If chimpanzees haven't learned particular skills by the age of 8,
就永远学不会了 they never seem able to acquire them.
最令人赞叹的是敲坚果 这种技巧结合了灵巧的手指 The most impressive skill of all, which involves nimble fingers,
手眼协调和智力 hand-eye coordination and intelligence, is nut cracking.
黑猩猩的层次 比卷尾猴又高了一级 Chimpanzees have gone a stage further than capuchins.
它们学会如何把坚果放在砧石上 They have learned how to carefully position the nut on an anvil
并精确掌握力道敲破果壳 and to judge how much force to use
但不会敲碎果仁 in order to crack the shell but not smash the kernel to pieces.
它们使用工具 兼顾了效率和精准 Their use of tools is both efficient and precise.
这只十一岁的母猩猩有砧石 但是找不到槌子 This eleven year old female has an anvil, but can't find a hammer.
它凑近一只公猩猩 看能不能借到槌子 She approaches a male to see if he will lend her his.
公猩猩慷慨地答应了 He obliges.
黑猩猩会展现惊人的和蔼 和同情心 Chimpanzees can show great kindness and compassion.
分享 Sharing.
尝试 Experimenting.
移情 Empathy.
计划 Planning.
智力 Intelligence.
传授 Teaching,
与学习 and learning.
这些行为是我们这些 高等灵长类的特质 Behaviour so characteristic of us higher primates.
我们是最有创造力 和创意的灵长类 We are the most inventive and innovative of all primates.
我们只是一个 开枝散叶大家族的一个分支 Just one branch of a large and extended family.
这个家族 A family which has refined the ability
精进了发展及传授 to develop and pass on individual learning
个人知识的能力 to the next generation.
一个奠基于母子亲情的家族 A family which is built on strong bonds between mother and baby.
一个和我们有众多共同点的家族 A family with which we share so much.
要呈现灵长类动物行为 最好的拍摄效果 To film the very best primate behaviour,
‘生命脉动’制作团队也必须善用 身为灵长类动物的灵巧和适应力 the Life team had to use all their primate ingenuity and adaptability.
过程中他们发现 人类和近亲动物之间 And in doing so, they discovered an extraordinary affinity
有特殊的相似之处 with our extended family.
尤其是和人类 Especially with a great ape
有百分之九十九相同基因 with who we share almost 99% of our genes,
属于类人猿的黑猩猩 the Chimpanzee.
它睡得好熟 He was completely asleep just then,
刚才还翻身 好像要从树上掉下来一样 so you just, just rocking to the side as if he might just fall off
你可以看到它嘴唇抽动 好像睡得很沉在作梦 the branch, you could see his lips were twitching like he was in a deep dream,
真的很平静的画面 that was really beautiful.
黑猩猩是与我们最相近的动物 Chimpanzees are our closest relatives.
贾丝汀艾凡斯花了一个月的时间 Justine Evans spent almost a month with them in the forest of Guinea
在几内亚的森林里和它们相处 她要拍摄黑猩猩使用工具的画面 to film their use of tools.
黑猩猩到那里就不见了 The chimps have disappeared off down there,
它们会到另一片森林去 they're gonna cross over into another area of forest
希望会使用一些工具 and hopefully start using some tools.
快去用工具吧 那就是我们来的目的 Go and use tools, that's what we're here for.
黑猩猩必须先接受你 Chimpanzees have to accept you.
如果它们不想被拍 它们就会消失不见 If they don't want to be filmed, they'll simply disappear.
贾丝汀需要灵长类动物学家 塔天娜洪雷的引导 Justine needed the expert guidance of Tatyana Humle, a primatologist
塔天娜研究这群黑猩猩 who's spent more than ten years
已经十年了 studying these individuals.
看到它们的时候 记得保持镇静 So when we see them always keep calm
不要盯着它们的眼睛看 and don't stare straight into the eyes.
你曾经遇过麻烦 Have you ever had problems
碰到它们对你挑衅吗 with them coming right up being aggressive?
没有，从来没有。。。 我是说那真的很少见 No, never, never. I mean it's pretty rare, so...
我完全不知道会是什么情形 因为我从来没看过野生的黑猩猩 I don't know what to expect cos I've never seen them in the wild before
这是第一次 so it's a first for me.
只要记得保持镇静 假如有黑猩猩经过，很靠近你 So just always stay, stay calm and if one of them walks by really close,
假装没看到就好 just ignore them.
有一只年轻的公黑猩猩 可能会丢树枝 One particular young male might throw sticks,
不要理它，它就像小孩子一样 ignore him as well, it's like he's like a kid
只是要吸引你的注意 and he just wants attention
所以它会一直丢 so he'll just keep doing it.
我们必须戴上口罩 We've got to put these face masks on
以免传染疾病给它们 in case we pass on any infectious diseases.
以前在其他的研究据点 有几只黑猩猩死于呼吸道疾病 Quite a few chimps have died in the past from respiratory diseases
所以这是非常重要的 in other study sites, so it's very important.
贾丝汀找到面对黑猩猩的诀窍了 Justine was finding her way with the chimps.
但是还需要时间 But it would take time.
你很难预测它们会有什么行为 It's never easy anticipating their behaviour.
我现在要赶快准备好 I'm trying to get ready really quickly
因为我们认为有些黑猩猩 because we're expecting some chimps
会从我们前面走过来 to come down the path straight ahead of me.
它们要是真的 出现在这块空地就太棒了 It'd be lovely if they'd merge out into this clearing,
因为这些树叶档住不容易看清楚 cos it's really difficult to see through all this foliage.
塔天娜和她的团队非常重要 Tatyana and her team were invaluable,
他们向贾丝汀说明 黑猩猩不同的习惯和性格 they introduced Justine to the chimps' different habits and characters.
黑猩猩好奇的天性 Soon the natural inquisitiveness of the chimps
很快地打败了对贾丝汀的顾忌 overcame any worries they might have had of Justine.
事实上它们似乎对贾丝汀 还有她的专业工具感到惊奇 In fact, they seemed fascinated by her, and the tools of her trade.
然而使用工具的黑猩猩 才是贾丝汀来此拍摄的目标 But it was their use of tools that Justine was here to film.
这是她第一次的大好机会 And this was her first good opportunity.
我在拍它们钓蚂蚁时 As I filmed them fishing for ants
对它们的灵巧感到惊叹 I was amazed by their dexterity.
但在这么暗的光线下保持焦距 But holding focus in such low light
真的考验我摄影技术的极限 really tested my own coordination to the limit.
- 它现在要离开了 - 它要走了 Now she's moving away. She's moving.
今天一整天都很忙 It's been all go today,
还没结束呢 如果我们可以离开这里 it's not over yet, if we can get out of here into an open,
到比较宽广的地方去 more open area we'll actually have enough light to film by
就可以有比较多光线拍摄 因为太阳还没下山 cos the sun's still up,
但是很难讲 but I don't know.
虽然贾丝汀主要的目标 是拍摄黑猩猩使用工具的画面 Although Justine's main goal was to film tool use,
黑猩猩还有一个行为 也是她想捕捉的 there was another piece of behaviour she really wanted to capture.
没有人在这里拍到过 黑猩猩敲打板根的画面 Buttress root drumming had never been filmed here before
而贾丝汀总是慢了一步 but she was always just a bit too late.
我们回到另一棵树下 Back at yet another buttress in the hope that we might
希望能拍到黑猩猩敲打板根 get some sort of buttress drumming,
但是开始下雨了 那就真的不太妙 but it's started raining which is an absolute pain.
这是一个等待的游戏 It's a waiting game.
我们只好盯着几棵大树 Just staking out a couple of really big trees
这些大树都有很大的板根 that have got very large buttress roots
希望公的黑猩猩会下来敲打 in the hope that a male will come down and drum on them.
它们总是在别的地方敲打 The drumming always happens somewhere else,
而且显然都是公的黑猩猩 好像偷偷跑下来敲的 and apparently, it's usually the males that sort of sneak off to go and do it,
感觉机会不是很大 it feels like a bit of a long shot at the moment.
需要有点耐心 I've have to have some patience.
黑猩猩就像多数的 灵长类动物一样 The thing about chimps is that, like most primates,
你无法预测它要做什么 you can't always predict what they're going to do,
或是什么时候要做，在哪里 when they're going to do it, or where.
你只能跟上它们的脚步 You've just got to keep with them.
有个不同的声音把贾丝汀 带回她原本拍摄的任务 A different type of sound brought Justine back to her main mission.
敲果实的声音 Nut cracking.
这是贾丝汀来此拍摄的重要题材 This was the key sequence Justine was here to film.
拍摄黑猩猩使用工具 Filming the chimps using tools
让我了解到我们和它们多相近 made me realise just how close to them we are.
我觉得和它们好像 I felt so similar to them.
拍摄快要结束时 By the end of our filming trip
我已经可以分辨它们每一只了 I was able to recognise most of the individuals in the group
也开始知道它们不同的个性 and had begun to understand their different personalities.
我个人觉得最震撼的一刻 For me, the most poignant moment of all
是有只科学家取名克雷的公猩猩 was when the male the scientist called Clay
把它的工具借给一只母猩猩 lent a female his tools.
我知道灵长类是很社会化的动物 I know that primates are very social animals
但是看到这种慷慨分享的动作 我永远都不会忘记 but seeing this act of generosity was something that I'll never forget.
就在我们离开之前 黑猩猩终于愿意 Just before we left, the chimpanzees finally put on the display
让我如愿以偿 that I'd been hoping for.
我们和黑猩猩大概在六百万年前 In the great Tree of Life,
在演化的过程中走上不同的道路 we and chimpanzees went our separate ways about six million years ago,
但是它们仍是现存 与我们最相近的动物 but they remain our closest living relatives.