Murray Rothard who of course was a historian as well as an economist 众所周知穆瑞.罗斯巴德既是一位历史学家也是一位经济学家
used to dream of a day that there might some day or some place be a historian who understands Austrian economics. 他曾经梦想,某时某地会有一个理解奥地利学派经济学的历史学家
and, I must say he wasn't, he was optimistic about everything he hoped for, but... 他对他所希望的事非常乐观, 但(至今很多事并不如他所愿)
so great that he got to meet and to know Tom Woods before he pasted away. 所以他很在去世之前能与汤姆.伍兹相识实在是一大乐事.
I remember when Tom first came as a student to the Mises University, in 1993 我依然记得1993年当汤姆作为学生第一次来米塞斯学院的时候
and at the closing barbeque he had wanted to meet Murray, and Murray wanted to meet him. 在最后结尾的烧烤时他们都想与彼此见面.
So I noticed them talking together. 当时我注意到他们在聊天,
And I came back maybe two hours later, 大概两个小时以后我回到这个地方,
and they were still right like this, just, you know, talking away. and it was, I thought it was very moving to see it. 他们还在那里谈天说地. 我觉得当时那个场景非常动人
I know it was a great experience for Tom, and it was a great experience for Murray too. 我知道对汤姆来说这是非常棒的经历,对穆瑞来说也是如此.
So, eh, you know Tom Woods, he as a Senior Fellow at the Mises Instituute, 大家都认识汤姆.伍兹. 他是米塞斯学院的资深研究员,
is the author of eleven books, including two best sellers. 11本书的作者, 其中包括两本超级畅销书.
On his way to this proverbial five-foot shelf of books, I guess Tom is. 我猜他差不多要著作等身了.
This is in the 19th centruy, what a scholar would aim at. 在十九世纪学者们都会以此为荣.
He graduated Summa Cum Laude from Havard. 他以最高荣誉从哈佛毕业.
He got his M.Phil and his Ph.D from Columbia University. 在哥伦比亚大学获得了他的(历史)硕士和(历史)博士学位
He has a wonderful and innovative website tomwoods.com, and also libertyclassroom.com 他拥有两个非常棒的网站, tomwoods.com和libertyclassroom.com
Tom is gonna to talk to us, tonight, about Murray Rothbard. 今晚汤姆将要和我们谈谈穆瑞.罗斯巴德.
Lew Rockwell: Dr. Tom Woods. (Applause) 欢迎伍兹博士.
Ok. Alright, thanks everybody. I'm cresting this thing. 很好,谢谢大家. 我现在站得比你们都高.
This has been used for a fact. 这个小门还从来没被用过.
How about this. Just to indicate there is no egalitarianism here. 这样如何. 以此来显示我们这儿没有平等主义
Ok, there is no free access to back here. Yeah, it's closed. 你们不能进来. 没错, 这扇门关上了.
Alright. By the way, I'm not reading off this. But there are points I wanna make when talking about Murray Rothbard. 说起来, 我并不是要从这张纸上读我的演讲. 但是有一些关于罗斯巴德的事我一定要说,
If I forgot to make them, I would be very sad. 如果我不幸忘了说这些事, 我会非常伤心的.
So they are just there to remind me. 所以这只是作为提醒.
Anyway, I have been working on this speech all day. 我为这个演讲准备了一整天,
Of course I don't mean this speech, I mean the victory speech I'm gonna give after I beat Walter (Block) in Chess. (Audience Laugh) 当然我不是说现在这个演讲, 而是在国际象棋上打败布洛克之后的胜利演说.
Now, incidentally just so you know how this got started, 顺带的,让我来告诉你们这个比赛是怎么开始的.
last year, we had a chess tournament at the Mises Institute, bucasuse we had a bunch of grad student who are interested in chess. 去年我们在米塞斯学院进行了一场象棋锦标赛, 因为我们有一群喜欢象棋的研究生.
And it was six Europeans, and me. 当时有六个欧洲人,还有我.
Like all Americans, I have an inferiority complex vis-a-vis Europeans. 我跟很多美国人一样, 面对欧洲人的时候都有一种自卑感.
So being in the tournament, I thought I have no business even in the same room with these people, 所以当时我觉得根本不应该和这些人在一个房间比赛,
alright of course I'm gonna get slaughtered. 这样当然会被他们屠杀嘛.
At the first game of the tournament, I lost. 锦标赛的第一场, 我输了.
So I thought, ah, just goes to show. What am I doing, I'm not even in the same league as these people 于是我想, 这简直就是丢人现眼, 我跟这些人完全不是一个水准的.
Then I won all the others, and I ended up winning the whole tournament. 谁知道我赢了后面的所有比赛, 还有这场锦标赛.
So I actually walked around the institute, go "USA! USA!" (Audience laugh) 然后我就绕着学院一边走一边喊"美利坚!美利坚!!:
Well, anyway, we decided for some reason, cuz we knew Walter was a good chess player, 因为我们都知道沃尔特是一个很不错的象棋手,
that whoever wins earns the right to play him at Mises U. 我们之前决定谁赢了锦标赛就可以在米塞斯大学和他单挑象棋.
We decided we would do this, and to our amazement, people showed up! 出乎意料的, 真的还有很多人来看那场比赛.
Right? It was a room full of people watching us play chess. 对吧? 当时一整个屋子的人都在看我们下棋.
I thought wow these kids are dorkier than I could have dreamed. (Chuckle) 我当时想, 哇这些小鬼比我能想象的还要呆.
So anyway we played. 反正我们就下了一场.
Just don't get you hopes up. 不过你们不要期望太高,
Walter and I are pretty decent amateurs, but we are not grandmasters, 沃尔特和我都是不错的业余爱好者, 但我们不是大师.
so don't laugh at us if we commit a blunder or whatever. 所以如果我们下了错棋, 不要嘲笑我们.
It was one of the sort of games where I was clearly ahead. Let's face it, I'm not just saying this. I was clearly a head. I was ahead two pawns. 凭良心讲, 我当时遥遥领先, 赢了他两个兵.
A grandmaster would have resigned out of sheer embarassment, by that point. 要是换做一个象棋大师马上就因为羞愧而认输了.
But Walter tenaciously hang on, 但沃尔特顽强地坚持着,
because after all, what does he do other than "Defend the undefendable". 毕竟他这辈子也不过是在捍卫(双关)无法捍卫的东西. 注: "Defend the undefendable" 是Walter Block 代表作之一, 值得一读.
So he just carried on, doing that. 他就这样, 坚持着.
And I have busted up all of the pawns in front of his king, 我已经把他王前面所有的兵都吃掉了,
but I just couldn't stick the knife all the way in. 但就是没办法给他最后一击.
Then I got into time trouble. 然后我时间不够了,
I just couldn't keep it up, and finally one little error, then BANG! 我没法一直保持专注, 翻了一个小错误, 于是"嘭"!
Walter got me. 沃尔特把我干掉了.
So I realized that it's not just defending the undefendable, 我意识到那不仅仅是捍卫无法捍卫的东西,
this really is, he plays chess the way he fights the fight. 事实上他用同样的方式下棋和战斗.
Right? He finds somebody, there's just one deviation with somebody, then Walter's there, BANG! 对吧? 只要有人稍稍偏离自由至上的原则, 沃尔特就出现了, 嘭!
"You are not a Libertarian!" "你这家伙不能算是自由自上论者!"
So watch out. So anyway, tonight we are going to revisit this. The one request we have for everybody is no wager. 所以小心了. 今晚我们要再战一场. 对大家的唯一要求就是不要在我们身上下注.
Otherwise we would be gald if you just sat here. 我们会很高兴看到你们坐在旁边观战.
Otherwise if you'd rather be drunk, that is fine too. 要是你们想喝得烂醉, 那也没有问题.
Right? We are completely indifferent between these options. 对吧? 这两个选项对我们来说毫无差异.
Audience: "Indifference? @#!" 观众: "无差异?!" 注: 根据奥地利学派所持的序数偏好理论, 行为人的偏好由行为揭示,不存在对可选项中立或所谓"无差异"的态度. 见 Man, Economy & State Ch 4
Oh yeah, right, of course. Maybe I'm not an Austrian or something. 没错. 用了这个词我当然就不能算作是奥地利学派的了.
This being the evening session, it's optional. 今天晚上的这个讲座比较随意.
This means I can get away with saying things I wouldn't say during the formal session, 这意味着我可以说一些更正式场合不会说的话(而不被追究).
Remember after all Austrian economics is descriptive rather than prescriptive; 归根结底奥地利学派经济学是描述性的而不是规范性的,
it's positive rather than normative; 它研究实然而不是应然,
it's describing social phenomena, 它只描述社会现象,
but it's not saying therefore you ought to do X and Y. 但并不做出结论说你应该做某事
So it's not really right to be giving lectures entirely about Libertarianism, 所以花一整个讲座谈论自由至上论并不是很合适.
because as Walter Block points out repeatedly, you could be an Austrian economist, and be a totalitarian socialist, 沃尔特.布洛克已经指出了很多次, 你完全可以既是 奥地利学派经济学家, 又是一个极权社会主义者
because you know that the free market yields social harmony, but you hate mankind, 因为你知道自由市场最终导向社会大同, 但你憎恨人类
so you want to impose socialism. 所以你希望把社会主义强加到人们身上.
That is possible. 这是完全有可能的.
So for all you totalitrarian socialist who applied to Mises University, I don't want to offend you. 所以你们这些申请出席米塞斯大学的极权社会主义者,我不想冒犯你们.
But this being the after hour session, I can sort of get away with some of that. 但是我们现在是在一个不太正式的场合, 我可以毫无顾虑地说一些这样的话.
So in a little bit of what I say and later on second half of what I'm gonna do tonight, 所以我今晚说的尤其是等下后半部分的内容,
it will be a little bit free-willing Libertarian stuff, rather than strictly Austrian economics. 不会是严格意义上的奥地利学派经济学, 而是会包含一些以自由意志为基础的自由至上论.
I want to inoculate you against a cult that's out there.
There is a cult out there in the Libertarian world.
I call it the cult of anti-Rothbard.
You are going to encounter this, I'm not going to name names or places or institutions,
this is not what I'm here for, I just want to talk about ideas and a great man.
It's a cult of anti-Rothbard because you'll encounter people who will be delighted to tell you all about the times they met Milton Freedman,
"Oh my goodness I met Milton Freedman", "I served him dinner", "I sat next to him", "I paid his bill". Whatever the story is.
They are all thrilled to tell you about their story of Milton Friedman.
You begin to realize that with some people, there are only three Libertarians in the whole world.
There was Hayek, sometimes. Hayek is Ok sometimes, 哈耶克算一个, 但最多有时候能算;
but let's never mention his actual economic contributions,
so nothing from the 30s, no Pure Theory of Capital in the early 40s, none of that, none of the stuff he won his Nobel Prize for.
We don't wanna talk about that, but we will talk about other things about Hayek. Hayek, sometimes.
Basically it's Milton Fredman and John Stossel.
That's the Libertarian world.
Now that is not to take away from Milton Friedman and John Stossel.
For example, it must have been very very difficult for John Stossel, being with ABC, and trying to say anything remotely libertarian year after year.
I do respect that contribution.
Likewise we all know and perfectly happy to concede that Milton Friedman was quite good on some things,
and was a good debater, and could present many of the ideas of a free society very very effectively, and could win converts.
Nobody takes any of that away from him.
It's very odd to me that you will have someone, as accomplished as Murray Rothbard, who basically created the Libertarian movement as we know it,
he was known as Mr. Libertarian,
and there's absolute silence about him.
It's not that for every 100 times Milton Friedman is mentioned, Rothbard is mentioned only once!
I started to say that to Lew (Rockwell) once, in an interviewe I did on his own Podcast,
I stoped myself and I said it's not for every hundred mentions of Friedman it's one of Rothbard, it's every hundred of zero!