kosutnjak公园 在塞尔维亚首都贝尔格莱德的郊外
NARRATOR: Kosutnjak Park, outside the Serbian capital, Belgrade.
1914年5月 波黑学生 伽夫利罗 普林斯普
In May 1914, a Bosnian student, Gavrilo Princip,
带着布朗宁手枪来到这里
came here with a Browning pistol
练习打靶
for some target practice.
当年 普林斯普19岁
Princip was 19 years old
据他的指导者所说 他不是一个很好的射手
According to his instructor, he was not a very good shot.
其他学生比他更为自信
Other students were much more confident
每当普林斯普射偏目标 周围的人们会取笑他
Whenever Princip missed the target people standing around would laugh at him
而使其流泪
That would drive him to tears
在森林深处 他才有机会练习射击树木
Out of sight in the forest, he had a chance to get his eye in, shooting at trees.
他有雄心壮志
His ultimate goal was far more ambitious.
普林斯普：我是个坚定的无政府激进主义者
PRINCIP: I am an adherent of the radical anarchist idea
为了摧毁现行制度 不惜一切手段包括恐怖行动
which aims at destroying the present system through terrorim
在1914年 普林斯普的这一愿望是许多人认可和接受的
In 1914, Princip's wish was granted.
暗杀事件导致了第一次世界大战的爆发
The First World War began almost by accident.
它的结束却如此不可思议
It ended just as strangely.
这次大战带来的破坏是前所未有的
In between, it was more destructive than any war had ever been.
第一次世界大战中英国 法国 意大利士兵
More British, French and Italian soldiers died in the First World War than died in the Second.
的死亡人数比二次大战的还要多
它是第一次真正的全球性冲突 战斗不只在法国领土以及佛兰德
It was the first genuinely global conflict, fought not just on the fields of France and Flanders,
还波及到山地 沙漠 海洋和天空
but up mountains, across deserts, at sea and in the air.
第一次世界战争塑造了20世纪
The First World War shaped the 20th century.
它引发了俄国革命
It sparked the Russian Revolution.
它促使美国作为一个世界大国
It launched America as a world power.
战后一系列的错误导致和平未能实现
The fault lines from its failed peace settlement
仅仅20年后又爆发了可怕的第二次世界大战
led the world to a second terrible war barely 20 years later,
然后是冷战
then to the Cold War.
1914年人们为之战斗的理想
But the ideas the men of 1914 fought for
还在继续影响着我们今天的世界
still shape our world today:
民族主义与民主政治 国际法和国家主权
nationalism and democracy, the rule of international law, and the rights of nations.
共产主义崩溃后的今天
Now, after the collapse of Communism,
欧洲地图又与第一次世界大战后的划分相似
the European map resembles the one redrawn by the First World War.
我们的生活常伴随着中东和
We live with its unresolved, bitter consequences:
巴尔干地区的混乱无序与惨痛结局
in the Middle East and the Balkans.
在近一百年前 一切都从巴尔干地区开始
And it was in the Balkans that it all began, nearly a hundred years ago.
一直持续了整个20世纪
At the start of the 20th century, as at its close,
巴尔干是欧洲最不稳定的的区域
the Balkans were the most unstable part of Europe.
在这里三个大帝国为了权利和影响力而不停的明争暗斗
Here, three great empires fought for power and influence:
奥匈帝国 俄罗斯和奥斯曼帝国
the Austro-Hungarian, the Russian and the Ottoman.
千百年来 奥斯曼土耳其人占着上风
For hundreds of years, the Ottoman Turks had the upper hand.
塞尔维亚 波黑 阿尔巴尼亚都在其控制之下
Serbia, Bosnia, Albania, were under their control.
在塞尔维亚的贝尔格莱德 他们兴建了80座清真寺
They built over 80 mosques in Serbian Belgrade.
但到了1900年代时 这都成为了过去
But by the 1900s, only this one was left.
塞尔维亚决心抛弃土耳其 成立自己的独立的斯拉夫王国
Serbia had thrown the Turks out and set herself up as an independent Slav kingdom.
(Chanting) （叫喊）
但斯拉夫民族主义者在塞尔维亚的 领土问题上面临着一个更大的挑战：
But right on Serbia's border was an even greater challenge to Slav nationalism:
奥匈帝国
the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
南面的土耳其人走了
The old Turks of the south have gone
但在北方出现了新的敌人
But new enemies come from the north
而且更加可怕 更为危险
more fearsome and dangerous than the old
他们夺走我们的自由 我们的语言和镇压我们
They want to take our freedom and our language from us and crush us
普林斯普出生在波斯尼亚的一个贫穷山区
Gavrilo Princip was born in a poor, mountainous part of Bosnia.
他的房子在20世纪90年代的巴尔干战争中被摧毁
His house was destroyed in the Balkan wars of the 1990s.
尽管他生长在这里 也只有一个为数不多的名字缩写 刻于1909年
His initials, carved in 1909, are one of the few signs he ever lived here.
1908年
The year before,
奥匈帝国已经从土耳其处夺取了波斯尼亚的控制权
control of Bosnia had been wrested from the Turks by the Austro-Hungarians,
也是普林斯普想要消灭的敌人
the enemy Princip wanted to destroy.
他的特定目标是奥匈帝国的王位继承人
His particular target was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne,
弗朗茨·斐迪南 哈布斯堡王室成员之一
Franz Ferdinand, member of the ruling family, the Hapsburgs.
这不平凡的帝国被称为奥匈二元君主制
That extraordinary empire known as the Austrian-Hungarian Dual Monarchy
比哈布斯堡王朝的疆域
is less an empire or a kingdom or a state
少了一个国家
than the personal property of the Hapsburgs
哈布斯堡王朝的继承人领地至今还记录在欧洲的地图上
whose hereditary talent for the acquisition of land is recorded on the map of Europe today
国王是弗朗茨·斐迪南的叔叔 弗朗茨·约瑟夫
The Empire was ruled by Franz Ferdinand's uncle, Franz Joseph.
他拥有两个国家的王位
He sat on two thrones,
奥地利和匈牙利
as Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary.
到1914年 他已经在位了66年
By 1914, he'd been in charge for 66 years.
穷其一生竭力反对任何形式的变革
He'd spent them trying to resist change of any kind.
他痛恨改革政治体制的思路
Hardly ever seen out of military uniform, he hated the idea of political reform.
他告诉美国总统 西奥多罗斯福
As he told US President Theodore Roosevelt,
我是欧洲为数不多的大帝国国王
You see in me the last European monarch of the old school
奥匈帝国是欧洲安全的最重要组成部分
Austria-Hungary was a key part of European security,
这个多民族的帝国维护着西方世界的和平
a multi-national empire keeping the peace on the borders of the West.
首都维也纳 是欧洲最伟大的大都会之一
The capital, Vienna, was one of the great cosmopolitan centres of Europe.
帝国孕育了弗洛伊德和马勒 席勒 卡夫卡和施特劳斯
This was the Empire that produced Freud and Mahler, Schiele, Kafka and Strauss.
它包容着至少十个民族
It contained at least ten different nationalities.
不仅有奥地利和匈牙利 还有捷克 斯洛伐克
Not just Austrians and Hungarians, but Czechs, Slovaks,
波兰 罗马尼亚 意大利 克罗地亚和波斯尼亚
Poles, Romanians, Italians, Croats and Bosnians.
为了帮助工作 英国外交事务处
A guide was prepared by the British Foreign Office,
特意编写了如下指南：
to help work out who was who.
条顿人歧视斯拉夫人 他们精力充沛 对人冷漠
Teutons anti-Slav vigorous and unpleasant
都是些长着很高鼻子的爱国的男子汉
manly and patriotic very tall big noses
斯洛伐克人无知而充满幻想
Slovaks Ignorant but artitic
鲁塞尼人（乌克兰西部）野蛮和无知 但有音乐细胞
Ruthenes savage and ignorant but musical
捷克人精力充沛 有能力 是热情的公民
Czechs energetic forceful intensely national
但帝国存在潜在的危机
But it was also an empire in a state of constant crisis.
波兰人一直在谋求独立
Pols all for Polish independence
波黑塞族亲南斯拉夫
Bosnian Serbs Pro-Yugoslav
意大利反对奥地利
Italians anti-Austrian
在帝国中 只有匈牙利人和奥地利人有些实权
In all the Empire, only the Hungarians and Austrians had any real power,
但匈牙利人拒绝为了稳定而分享权利
and the Hungarians refused to share it with the rest.
对一些国家如塞尔维亚而言 奥匈帝国是个监狱
For countries like Serbia, Austria-Hungary was the prison of nations,
是个没有民主 压制弱小民众的大监狱
a repressive, undemocratic state, that ground small peoples under its heel.
1905年 民族主义者在维也纳举行示威活动
In 1905, there were nationalist demonstrations in Vienna.
1912年 匈牙利首都布达佩斯发生暴乱
In 1912, there was rioting in Budapest.
1914年 奥匈帝国各处都发生了种族骚乱
By1914, there had been ethnic unrest in nearly every part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
地方议会被迫暂停工作 动用军队恢复秩序
Local parliaments were suspended, troops brought in to restore order.
奥匈帝国的内部问题给他的敌人提供了机会
Austria-Hungary's domestic problems gave opportunities to her enemies.
塞尔维亚希望奥匈帝国分裂
Serbia wanted the break-up of the Empire.
她欢迎国家动乱 特别是在克罗地亚和波黑
She welcomed national unrest, particularly in Croatia and Bosnia.
背靠着斯拉夫俄国的塞尔维亚认为自己是
Backed by Slav Russia, Serbia saw herself as the only independent hope
巴尔干地区斯拉夫人摆脱外国统治的唯一希望
for Slavs living under foreign rule in the Balkans.
团结他们成立一个同种族的国家：南斯拉夫
She wanted to unite them into a single South Slav state: Yugoslavia.
迪米特里耶维奇是塞尔维亚军队的一个军官
Dragutin Dimitrijevic was an officer in the Serbian Army.
他反对与奥地利形成任何形式的友谊
He opposed any kind of friendship with Austria.
迪米特里耶维奇：盲目的投向奥地利人的怀抱
DIMTRIJEVIC: The blind surrender to Austria's embrace
是对塞尔维亚传统最可耻的背叛
was a most shameful betrayal of Serbian traditions
我意识到塞尔维亚必须倾其全力成为领导者
I realised that Serbia must in full measure become the leader not only of Serbs
不仅是塞族的而是整个南斯拉夫的领导者
but of Yugoslavia
迪米特里耶维奇相信杀死国王或许能改变政治
Dimitrijevic believed killing kings could bring political change.
他曾经这样做过
It had worked for him in the past.
1903年 他发动宫廷政变杀死了
In 1903 he led a palace revolution, killing the old King of Serbia,
过于倾向奥地利人的塞尔维亚老国王
who was too close to Austria for the army's liking,
并按军队的意愿扶持一个新的国王
and installing a new one.
民众欢天喜地
The crowds expressed enormous joy
他们将鲜花和绿叶装饰在帽子上
They stuck flowers and leaves in their caps
窗户被装饰着旗帜和鲜花环
Windows were decorated with banners flowers garlands
整个贝尔格莱德在欢庆！
Belgrade was celebrating!
(Cheering)（欢呼）
全世界都被塞尔维亚的血腥政变所震惊
The rest of the world was horrified at Serbia's bloody coup.
塞尔维亚被当作一个无赖国家：
Serbia was treated like a rogue state:
“是个叛乱者的巢穴”某个国家外长抱怨
''a nest of revolutionaries,'' one Foreign Minister complained.
只有两个国家派遣大使参加国王彼得的加冕礼：
Only two countries sent ambassadors to King Peter's coronation:
俄罗斯 塞尔维亚最重要的盟友
Russia, Serbia's greatest ally,
还有奥地利 塞尔维亚最主要的敌人
and Austria, her greatest enemy.
迪米特里耶维奇也是该秘密军事组织的
Dimitrijevic was also one of the founding members of the Black Hand,
创始成员之一
a secret military society
该组织试图通过恐怖主义和暗杀来建立南斯拉夫
that used terrorism and assassination to try and establish Yugoslavia.
据说 他曾派人谋杀奥匈军方领导人
He is said to have sent men to murder Austro-Hungarian military leaders
以及内阁部长
and cabinet ministers.
他宣称要谋杀奥匈帝国的国王 费兰兹约瑟夫
He allegedly tried to kill Emperor Franz Joseph.
他在哪里出现 人们就知道他在做些什么
One saw him nowhere Yet one knew that he was doing everything
1914年春天
By the spring of 1914,
普林斯普和朋友们也贝尔格莱德谈论革命
Gavrilo Princip was also in Belgrade, talking revolution with his friends.
年轻的波斯尼亚人听说弗朗茨·斐迪南大公 将于6月访问萨拉热窝
Then the Young Bosnians heard that Archduke Franz Ferdinand would visit Sarajevo in June.
这正是他们赴注行动的机会
Here was their chance to match deeds to words.
迪米特里耶维奇听说了他们的计划
Luckily for them, their plans reached the ears of Dimitrijevic and the Black Hand.
当时他正在贝尔格莱德的Kalemegdan森林
Dimitrijevic worked in the Kalemegdan Fortress in Belgrade,
主管塞尔维亚的军事情报
as Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence.
1914年春天 秘密组织成员之一Voja Tankosi少校
In the spring of 1914, Major Voja Tankosic , also in the Black Hand,
带着问题走进他的办公室
walked into his office with a question.
一些波斯尼亚青年纠缠着我
TANKOSIC: I've got some Bosnian youths pestering me
这些孩子要不惜一切代价做“伟大的行动”
These kids want to pull off some ''great deed'' at any cost
他们听说弗朗茨·斐迪南将要来波斯尼亚
They've heard that Franz Ferdinand is coming to Bosnia
央求我允许他们去那里
and have begged me to let them go there
你怎么说呢？我已告诉他们 不行
What do you say? I have told them they cannot go
但他们纠缠不休
but they give me no peace
弗朗茨·斐迪南将要来波斯尼亚
Franz Ferdinand was going to Bosnia
视察奥匈军队在萨拉热窝外山上的演习
to observe the Austro-Hungarian Army's manoeuvres in the hills outside Sarajevo.
作为情报首长 迪米特里耶维奇担心 这些演习是一个烟幕
As intelligence chief, Dimitrijevic feared these manoeuvres were a smokescreen,
弗朗茨·斐迪南的真实计划是入侵塞尔维亚
that what Franz Ferdinand really planned was an invasion of Serbia.
作为秘密组织的首领 他认为任何是奥匈帝国陷入
As leader of the Black Hand, he believed anything that destabilised Austria-Hungary
混乱的事情都有利于自己心爱的塞尔维亚
was good for his beloved Serbia.
普林斯普暗杀弗朗茨·斐迪南的计划符合他的观点
Princip's plan to murder Franz Ferdinand suited him perfectly.
“好的”他说 “让他去吧 ”
''Fine,'' he said. ''Let him go.''
不象普林斯普 弗朗茨·斐迪南是个优秀的射手
Unlike Gavrilo Princip, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was an excellent shot.
在他的一个城堡 konopischt 在现在的捷克共和国
One of his castles, Konopischt, in what is now the Czech Republic,
保留着充分的证据
is full of the evidence.
50岁不到 他已经猎杀了5000只雄鹿
By the age of 50, he'd shot 5,000 stags,
以及超过200,000其他动物
as well as 200,000 other animals,
所有这些都有仔细的编号
all carefully numbered.
任何人包括不知情的旅行者擅自进入
Anyone who diturbed the Archduke's peace at Konopicht
Konopicht--弗朗茨·斐迪南公爵的领地
by trespassing on his land as unsuspecting trippers sometimes did on Sundays
都会被严厉警告
had to reckon with being shouted at by an irascible and almost apoplectic proprietor
谁敢再次踏入这片领地 将被射杀！
who threatened to shoot anyone who dared set foot in his grounds a second time
1914年 弗朗茨·斐迪南是王储
By 1914, Franz Ferdinand was Emperor-in-waiting.
但每个人都知道要不了多久他的叔叔就会过逝
Everyone knew it couldn't be long before his uncle died.
甚至官方的肖像都已经准备好了
Even the official portrait was ready,
弗朗茨·斐迪南佩带着国王的饰带和勋章
Franz Ferdinand with the stars and sash only the Emperor could wear.
他不愿为了礼仪与习俗而在维也纳宫廷花费时间
He had no time for the etiquette and convention that hemmed in the Vienna court.
他藐视其叔叔而与平民苏菲霍泰克结婚
He defied his uncle by marrying Sophie Chotek, who was not of royal blood.
弗朗茨·斐迪南：我一生所做的最聪明的事是
FRANZ FERDINAND: The most intelligent thing I've ever done in my life
娶了苏菲 她是我的一切
has been the marriage to my Soph
是我的妻子 我的顾问
She is everything to me my wife my adviser
我的医生 我的守护天使
my doctor my guardian angel
是我的整个幸福
In a word my entire happiness
弗朗茨·斐迪南也有激进的政治改革想法
Franz Ferdinand also had radical ideas for political reform.
他承认帝国的少数民族权利越少
He recognised that the less power national minorities had within the Empire,
他们就越是向其他国家寻求帮助
the more they'd look to other countries for help.
旧制度使得德国人和匈牙利人主宰着政府
The old system allowed ethnic Germans and Hungarians to dominate the government.
但不会持续太久
It was a system that couldn't last.
弗朗茨·斐迪南：在遭受这么多年的不公平待遇后
FRANZ FERDINAND: I can't help being surpried that there is any loyalty
这些民族主义者中还有多少人能保持对帝国的忠诚？
left among the nationalities after their treatment for so many years past
我必须团结他们 为了将来这是唯一的救赎机会
I must have them with me This is the only salvation for the future
1914年 德国皇帝来到konopischt会见弗朗茨·斐迪南
In 1914, the German Emperor came to stay with Franz Ferdinand at Konopischt.
这个皇帝有一个简单的方案来处置制造麻烦的少数民族
The Kaiser had a simple solution for dealing with troublesome national minorities.
这些斯拉夫人既然不合适宜的出生了 那就必须服从命令
KAISER: The Slavs are born not to rule but to obey
必须把他们赶回家去
This must be brought home to them
如果他们梦想以贝尔格莱德为首都独立建国
And if they imagine they can look to Belgrade for their salvation
那就必须得纠正这种观念
they must be cured of this belief
但弗朗茨·斐迪南有更好的主意
But Franz Ferdinand had a better idea.
他认为最好的办法是通过政治改革
He thought political reform was the best way to keep the Austrian Empire on its feet,
来确保帝国的稳定以及其王位的牢固
and protect his own future as Emperor.
他制定的这副蓝图将显示
He had this map drawn up,
哈布斯堡王朝变成大奥地利合众国
showing how the Hapsburg Empire could become the United States of Great Austria.
避免巴尔干地区爆发战争是斐迪南最根本的目标
Above all, Franz Ferdinand wanted to avoid war in the Balkans.
一天晚上 他发表了晚宴后的祝酒辞
One night, he made a toast after dinner.
和平！
To peace!
我们该如何避免与塞尔维亚之间爆发战争？
What would we get out of war with Serbia?
我们将会失去许多宝贵的年轻人的生命 将会花费无数本该有更好用途的金钱
We'd lose the lives of young men and we'd spend money better used elewhere
而我们又能在战争中得到什么呢？
And what would we gain for heaven's sake?
几棵葡萄树 到处遗留着羊粪的牧场以及许多反叛的杀手
A few plum trees some pastures full of goat droppings and a bunch of rebellious killers
普林斯普越过塞尔维亚的边界到达奥匈帝国的德里纳河
Gavrilo Princip crossed the border from Serbia into Austria-Hungary here at the Drina river.
他涉水登上isakovic岛
He paddled out to Isakovic Island,
那里有一个塞尔维亚哨所
where there was a Serbian guard post.
在士兵们的帮助下 他爬上了波斯尼亚的河岸
The soldiers helped him wade ashore into Bosnia.
从这他起程前往萨拉热窝 在那里与另外六个同谋会合
From here, he made his way to Sarajevo, where he met up with six others in on the plot.
塞尔维亚少校Tankosic为他们提供了四把手枪 六个手雷
The Serbian Major Tankosic had supplied them with four pistols, six bombs,
以及被捕时自杀用的毒药
and suicide pills in case of capture.
他们留在萨拉热窝
They were already in Sarajevo
直到6月25号弗朗茨·斐迪南的到来
when Franz Ferdinand arrived outside the capital on 25 June.
他们计划三天后
They planned to attack him three days later,
在其从火车站到市政厅的半路上袭击他
as he drove from the railway station to the Town Hall.
杀手之一布置在桥堍附近
One would be stationed at the first bridge on this road.
普林斯普和其他人分布沿线的在其他地方
Princip and the others would cover the rest of the route.
弗朗茨·斐迪南选择的访问日期很糟糕
Franz Ferdinand chose the date of his visit badly.
萨拉热窝遍布着国旗
Sarajevo was decked in flags for the occasion.
因为6月28日是塞尔维亚的国庆日
But 28 June was Serbian National Day,
王储必然会成为仇视哈布斯堡的民族主义者之焦点
a natural focus for hatred of the Hapsburgs,
塞尔维亚驻维也纳的大使曾警告过
as the Serbian Ambassador to Vienna warned.
这将会引起许多不满
This will cause much discontent
一些年轻的塞尔维亚人可能会组成人墙掩护凶手
Some young Serb might put a live round rather than a blank in his gun and fire it
因此 弗朗茨·斐迪南公爵最好不要前往萨拉热窝
Therefore it might be good if Archduke Franz Ferdinand were not to go to Sarajevo
但奥地利人对大使的担忧一笑而过
But the Austrians laughed off the Ambassador's fears.
6月28日上午 弗朗茨·斐迪南和苏菲乘火车到达萨拉热窝
On the morning of 28 June, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie arrived by train in Sarajevo.
尽管有这样的警告 保护却并不严密
Despite the warnings, security was light.
沿途上没有士兵列队保护 只有一些警察
No soldiers lined the streets, just a handful of policemen.
斐迪南夫妇乘坐着格哈夫斯第夫特皇家旅行车 按其吩咐
The royal car was a Graf & Stift tourer.
位于车队的最前端 驾驶的很慢
At Franz Ferdinand's request, it travelled with the top down, very slowly,
因此人们可以看到他 而他也可以欣赏景色
so the crowds could see him, and he could see the sights.
当车队通过第一座桥时 刺客向斐迪南夫妇投掷手雷
As the procession passed the first bridge, the conspirator there threw his bomb.
坐在斐迪南夫妇对面的是Oskar Potiorek
Sitting opposite the royal couple was Oskar Potiorek.
Potiorek:随着公爵夫人大声喊道：快点开 紧接着就爆炸了
POTIOREK: The explosion came immediately after the Archduchess's cry to ''drive on quickly!"
我肯定我们没有受到任何伤害
I was sure no damage had been done to our car,
公爵冷静的评论道
and the Archduke commented very calmly,
我一直以为这种情况是有可能发生的
I've always thought something like this might happen
手雷从汽车上反弹而落
The bomb had bounced off the car,
炸伤了车后的两名警察和一些围观者
exploding behind it and wounding two officers and some onlookers.
斐迪南停下来询问伤亡后 继续赶往市政厅
Franz Ferdinand stopped to ask after the casualties, before hurrying on to the Town Hall.
萨拉热窝市长在那里致官方欢迎词
There the Mayor of Sarajevo began his official welcome speech.
公爵打断道：
The Archduke interrupted.
市长 你在说些什么？
Lord Mayor what is the good of your speeches?
我来到萨拉热窝进行友好访问 却有人向我投掷手雷
I come to Sarajevo on a friendly visit and someone throws a bomb at me
这是岂有此理！
This is outrageous!
此时 该年轻的波斯尼亚人使计划变的非常艰巨
So far, the Young Bosnians' plans had gone badly wrong.
弗朗茨·斐迪南还活着
Franz Ferdinand was alive.
官方保护现在进入了高度戒备状态
Official security was now on high alert.
普林斯普转身回家
Gavrilo Princip turned to go home,
在弗朗茨·约瑟夫的街头转角处停下来买三明治
stopping on the corner of Franz Joseph Street to buy a sandwich.
此时弗朗茨·斐迪南的运气变了
Then his luck changed.
他已经离开了市政厅
Franz Ferdinand had left the Town Hall.
按理他应该沿着河流迅速离开
He should have been driven along the river,
避免再给其他刺客任何机会
travelling too fast to give any other assassins a chance.
但他的司机在弗朗茨·约瑟夫的街角转错了方向
But his driver took a wrong turn , at the corner of Franz Joseph Street.
当汽车试图倒退回到主干道时
As the royal car tried to reverse onto the main road,
普林斯普与他的目标直面相对
Princip came face-to-face with his target.
在那一刻 我听到手枪射击的爆鸣声
At that moment I heard the crack of a pistol shot
很快的又是一声枪击
followed swiftly by another
与此同时看到一名
and saw in the same split second
站在我右前方的男子被周围的人掀倒在地
a man standing right in front of me being thrown to the ground by the people around him
秘密警察用军刀控制住他
and the shining sabre of a security guard descending on him
一股细细的鲜血从殿下的嘴里流出落在我的右脸颊
A thin stream of blood spurted from His Highness's mouth onto my right cheek
公爵夫人哭喊着：天啊 究竟发生了什么
The Duchess cried out ''In heaven's name what has happened to you?''
然后她滑向座位 躺在汽车的地板上
Then she slid off the seat and lay on the floor of the car
我还以为她只是晕倒
I thought she had simply fainted
紧接着我听到公爵说
Then I heard His Imperial Highness say
苏菲 苏菲不要死 为了孩子们坚持住
''Sopherl Sopherl don't die Stay alive for the children!"
我问他是否非常痛苦
I asked him if he was in great pain
他回答的很清晰：没有
He answered me quite distinctly ''It's nothing''
斐迪南夫妇都在去医院的途中死亡
Franz Ferdinand and Sophie died on the way to hospital.
萨拉热窝的人们不知道
The people of Sarajevo didn't know
是一些塞族军官暗中赞助了刺杀行动
that a clutch of Serbian army officers had secretly sponsored the assassination.
塞尔维亚人扣动了世界大战的扳机
But they made the same leap the world did:
同样的也向自己扣动了扳机
that Serbia had as good as pulled the trigger herself.
亲奥地利的人群失去了控制
The pro-Austrian element in the crowd went wild
兴奋的时刻瞬间变成愤怒 他们仇视所有的塞尔维亚人和塞尔维亚的一切
The excitement of the moment turned into fury against everyone and everything Serbian
塞尔维亚人的商店 学校 教堂都遭到抢砸
Serbian shops school and churches were smashed and looted
道路被家具 衣服 自行车 书籍而阻塞
the streets choked with furniture clothes bicycles books
什么铁十字架也被扭曲和玷污遗留在水沟里
even icons and crosses twisted and befouled lying in heaps in the gutters
仅萨拉热窝就有200多人被逮捕
Over 200 Serbs were arrested in Sarajevo alone.
一部分人被地方官员绞死在监狱
Local officials hanged some in the city prison.
更多的人死于波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的大屠杀
Many more died in pogroms across Bosnia and Herzegovina.
7月4日维也纳举行斐迪南夫妇的葬礼
The funeral of Franz Ferdinand and Sophie was held in Vienna on 4 July.
Oskar Potiorek写信给外交部
Oskar Potiorek had already written to the Foreign Ministry,
呼吁奥地匈帝国采取措施报复塞尔维亚
calling for Austria-Hungary to take revenge against Serbia.
我们必须在最短的时间里给塞尔维亚予毁灭性的打击
We must take the first opportunity for a destructive blow against Serbia
使君主制的内部得到数十年的稳定发展
to give the Monarchy a few decades of calm internal development
塞尔维亚必须学会成服于我们
Serbia must learn to fear us again
奥匈总参谋长康拉德同意这个观点
Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff Conrad von Hazendorf agreed.
这不是一次偶然的疯狂犯罪
This is not the crime of a single fanatic
暗杀代表了塞尔维亚对奥匈帝国的宣战
Assassination represents Serbia's declaration of war on Austria-Hungary
如果我们错过这次稳固君主制的机会 那将会有更多的种族骚乱不断的发生
If we miss this occasion the Monarchy will be exposed to new explosions of ethnic unrest
奥匈帝国出于政治原因必须得发动战争
Austria-Hungary must wage war for political reasons
王储在世时是拥护于与塞尔维亚和睦共处的
In life, the Crown Prince had been a champion of peaceful co-existence with Serbia.
但他的死亡引起战争
In death he was becoming a cause for war.
王储的谋杀并没有立刻引燃欧洲战争
The murder of Franz Ferdinand did not immediately set Europe alight.
七月初国际紧张局势尚低
International tensions in early July remained low.
但在幕后 维也纳的奥匈帝国领导人正在制定计划
But behind the scenes in Vienna, Austria-Hungary's leaders were planning
如何既报复塞尔维亚 有不牵扯上塞尔维亚强大的盟国
how to take revenge on Serbia, without getting stamped on by Serbia's powerful friends.
甚至在暗杀之前 陆军参谋长康拉德就曾催促着
Even before the assassination,
要对塞尔维亚发动战争不少于20次
had pressed for war against Serbia no fewer than 20 times.
现在 他再次提案
Now he made his case again .
我明确的向国王表明：与塞尔维亚是不可避免的
I expressed to His Majesty my opinion that war with Serbia was unavoidable
“这是完全正确的”陛下说
''That is entirely correct'' said His Majesty
但是如果俄国人攻击我们的话 战争该如何进行？
''But how are you going to wage war if everyone in particular Russia is going to attack us?''
“我们有盟友德国” 我回答说
"We have backing from Germany," I replied
陛下给我一个询问的眼神 说道：你能肯定？
His Majesty gave me a searching look and said ''Can you be certain of that?''
这一瞬间 意味着在巴尔干还会发生的另一场战争
This was the moment when what could have been just another war in the Balkans
将转变成第一次世界大战
began to turn into the First World War.
奥匈皇帝弗朗茨·约瑟夫向德国皇帝寻求支持
Austro-Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph now asked the German Kaiser for support.
7月6日 他只得到了肯定的答案
On 6 July, he got just the answer he wanted.
德国政府认为 我们必须明确到底需要做什么
The German Government is of the opinion that we must decide what is to be done
无论我们决定什么 有一点是肯定的----德国站在我们一边
Whatever we decide we may always be certain that we will find Germany at our side
永远是我们君主立宪制的忠实盟友和朋友
a faithful ally and friend of our monarchy
德国对奥匈帝国关键性的表态 没有仔细推断结果
Germany's crucial decision to back Austria was made with no care for the consequences.
德皇和他的高级政治和军事领导人都没有采取任何步骤
Neither the Kaiser nor his senior political and military leaders took any steps to find out
研究奥匈帝国的想法
what Austria-Hungary had in mind.
这是一个不平凡的失察--
It was an extraordinary oversight...
因为在巴尔干发生的一切都不是孤立的
..because nothing in the Balkans happened in isolation.
欧洲分成两个阵营
Europe was divided into two camps.
一方是德国 奥匈帝国和意大利
On one side were Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
另一方是法国和俄罗斯
On the other were France and Russia.
其中一个卷入战争 意味着所有的都被卷入
War with one could mean war with the others.
没人知道 如果巴尔干半岛的领导国之一受到攻击
No-one knew how Russia would respond if one of the leading Balkan countries was attacked.
俄罗斯人将会作出什么反应
她可能会为了保护塞尔维亚而对奥匈帝国开战
She might go to war with Austria to protect Serbia.
那么德国将不得不卷入保护奥地利
Then Germany would have to fight to protect Austria.
(General conversation)
德国人认为俄国人可能会置身事外
The Germans thought the Russians might stay out of it.
德国驻圣彼得堡大使坚持道
The German Ambassador in St Petersburg insisted
由于担心内部革命 俄罗斯可能不会冒险参与战争
Russia couldn't risk war for fear of internal revolution.
德国外长决心让奥匈帝国悄悄地解决塞尔维亚
The German Foreign Minister decided Austria would quietly settle with Serbia.
德国总理 贝瑟曼-霍尔韦格 几乎同样充满信心
The German Chancellor, Bethmann-Hollweg, was almost as confident.
萨拉热窝的罪行应该受到谴责
The crime of Sarajevo was reprehensible
但在政治上 将有积极的结果
But politically it would have the positive result
能使俄罗斯彻底同意其报复塞尔维亚
of making Russia thoroughly digusted with the Serbs
德国的支持 鼓励了奥匈帝国的行动
It was Germany's confident support that pushed Austria forward.
但到目前为止 世界已陷入侵略战争的阴影
But far from plunging the world into war out of aggression,
德国一厢情愿愚昧的想法 导致了战争的临近
Germany was just nudging it closer, out of incompetence and wishful thinking.
德皇确信战争不会爆发 放心的去渡假
The Kaiser was so sure no war was brewing that he went on holiday.
在萨拉热窝 普林斯普的审判正在进行
In Sarajevo, the trial of Gavrilo Princip was underway.
法庭上有大量的证据证明 塞尔维亚陆军军官曾帮助过他
The court heard plenty of evidence to prove that Serbian army officers had helped him,
再拥有德国无条件支持的承诺 这对奥匈帝国而言已经足够了
and with Germany's unconditional support, that was enough for Austria.
普林斯普被判20年监禁
She sentenced Princip to 20 years in jail,
于1918年死在狱中
where he died in 1918.
奥匈帝国向塞尔维亚发出最后通牒
She sent Serbia an ultimatum.
这个文件是奥匈帝国发动战争的借口
This document was Austria's excuse for war.
通牒充满着偏激的 侮辱的要求 是塞尔维亚是不能接受的
It was filled with demands so extreme and insulting that Serbia could never accept them.
另外 奥地利驻贝尔格莱德大使
But just in case they did, the Austrian Ambassador in Belgrade
被勒令拒绝接受任何答复
was ordered to reject any reply as unacceptable.
他于1914年7月23日下午六点发表最后通牒
He delivered the ultimatum at 6pm on 23 July 1914.
斯拉夫卡米哈伊洛维奇是贝尔格莱德的一个医生
Slavka Mihajlovic was a Belgrade doctor.
最后通牒的新闻迅速传播
The news of the ultimatum spread quickly
立刻 这成为一个真正的警报
and soon there was a real alert
街道上和酒吧里 挤满了焦急的人群
Streets and bars were crowded with anxious people
大家都想知道我们的政府会给予什么答案
Everybody wondered what answer our Government would give
一场新的战争是否可以避免？
whether a new war would be avoided
奥匈帝国的最后通牒 打断了世界各国外交官们的午睡
Austria's ultimatum caught the world's diplomats napping.
法国政府 新闻界和公众舆论
The French Government the French press and public opinion
感到难以想象的惊讶
have been inconceivably surprised
巴黎一片沉寂
Paris is almost dead
所有大使都在城外
All the ambassadors but one are out of town
意大利大使正在爱尔兰
The Italian Ambassador is in Ireland
奥地利最后通牒的文件到来时 德皇正坐着游艇在挪威渡假
The Kaiser was on his yacht in Norway when the text of the Austrian ultimatum arrived.
早餐后 德皇如往常一样来到书桌傍
The Kaiser arrived on deck as usual after breakfast
对我说 又是一大堆的无线电报
and said to me - I was still holing the wirelss message
在一段时间内这是一个相当重要的文件
''That's a pretty strong note for once in a while''
“是的 ”我回答：“这意味着战争”
''It certainly is'' I replied ''but it means war''
德皇明白 塞尔维亚将永远不会冒险
Whereupon the Kaiser observed that Serbia would never risk a war
她不会冒险激起战争的
She might not have risked it on her own.
但7月24日 塞尔维亚摄政王亚历山大王子 发报向俄罗斯求助
But on 24 July, the Serbian Regent, Prince Alexander, telegrammed Russia for help.
在圣彼得堡 俄罗斯外长坦率地向英国大使说道
In St Petersburg, the Russian Foreign Minister spoke frankly to the British Ambassador.
未经德国同意 奥地利也不敢如此行动
Austria would not have acted so aggressively without the consent of Germany
我希望英国政府能公开申明站在法国和俄罗斯这边
I hoped the Britih Government would declare itself on the side of France and Russia
不能再拖延了
without delay
俄罗斯确信德国是战争贩子
Russia was convinced that Germany was warmongering.
7月26日 她发起动员
On 26 July, she called up her reserves.
这是危机的第二个关键阶段
This was the second key stage of the crisis,
英国外交大臣Edward Grey在7月28日发出警告
as Britain's Foreign Secretary, Edward Grey, warned on the 28th.
目前的纠纷不再是奥匈帝国和塞尔维亚的恩怨
From the moment the dispute ceases to be one between Austria-Hungary and Serbia
已成为列强们无法摆脱的错综复杂的灾难
and becomes one in which another Great Power is involved
是欧洲大陆从未遭受过的巨大灾难
it cannot but end in the greatest catastrophe that has ever befallen the continent of Europe
同一天 奥匈帝国向塞尔维亚宣战
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia that same day.
战争的第一枪从这里打响
The first shots of the war were fired from here,
奥地利堡垒zemun 正好在贝尔格莱德的河对岸
the Austrian fortress of Zemun , just across the river from Belgrade.
在黑沉沉的夜晚 Voja Tankosic炸毁了唯一的铁路桥
In the dead of night, Voja Tankosic had the Black Hand blow the only railway bridge.
窗户被震坏 玻璃纷纷摔碎在地上
Windows shattered to smithereens and broken glass covered the floor
病人发出尖叫
Patients started screaming
然后又是一声接着一声的爆炸
Then there was another explosion and another one
这是真的
So it was true
战争爆发了
The war had begun
土耳其人给这城市起了多好的名字：
How well our old city deserved the name the Turks had given her
战争之城
the House of Wars
各处发射的炮弹在她的上空掠过
Shells fired from all sides were cris-crossing above her
奥地利人拿着奇特的武器
The Austrians had peculiar weapons
所谓''显示器''
the so-called ''monitors''
配备着重武器的小船就象是盘旋在贝尔格莱德城外的疯狗
little boats armed with heavy guns circling Belgrade like rabid dogs
从各个方向射击着
and firing from every direction
(Gunfire)
它仍然只是奥匈帝国和塞尔维亚之间的战争
It was still only a war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia...
.. 在7月29日 当炮弹落在贝尔格莱德时
..and on 29 July, as the shells fell on Belgrade,
战争还有最后的一丝机会不扩大
there was a final attempt to keep it that way.
关键的几分钟内一连串的电报传递着重要的信息越过整个欧洲
A series of last-minute telegrams flashed across Europe.
沙皇发报给其表弟---德皇
Tsar to Kaiser. Cousin to cousin.
亲爱的威廉 一场卑鄙的战争公然在一个弱国爆发了
Dear Willy An ignoble war has been declared on a weak country
俄罗斯感到巨大的愤慨
The indignation in Russia is enormous
亲爱的尼基 我正在对奥地利人施加最大的影响
Dear Nicky I am exerting my utmost influence on the Austrians
我满怀信心地希望你们能帮助我
I confidently hope you will help me
亲爱的威廉 我的部队不会采取任何挑衅行动
Dear Willy My troops shall not take any provocative action
但现在 这场危机已经超出了君主或政治家的控制
But by now, the crisis was beyond the control of monarchs or politicians.
而是在军方手中
It was in the hands of the military.
与此同时 俄罗斯发出了军队动员令
From the moment Russia mobilised her army,
德国将领知道 自己的时间表被打乱了
German generals knew their own clock was ticking.
法国和俄罗斯的联盟意味着 德国将面临两线作战
The alliance between France and Russia meant that Germany faced a war on two fronts.
她唯一的希望是 在俄军主力还没有从东部入侵之前
Her only hope was to deal with France in the west,
先解决掉西线的法军
before the main Russian armies could invade from the east.
没有时间可以观望
That left no time to wait and see.
对于德国而言 俄罗斯发出动员令意味着战争
For Germany, Russian mobilisation meant war.
德国不指望现在就和俄国开战
Germany hadn't looked for a fight.
将领们知道欧洲战争将会是长期的 即使是对胜利者也是灾难性的
Her generals knew a European war would be long and devastating, even for the victors.
但是 如果就要发生的话 他们认为：宜早不宜迟
But if it was going to happen , they thought, better sooner than later.
根据各主管观察
According to all competent observation
俄罗斯将需要几年时间为战争作好准备
Russia will be prepared to fight in a few years
然后她依靠士兵的数量压跨我们
Then she will crush us by the number of her soldiers
之后她会建立其波罗的海舰队 以及战略铁路
Then she will have built her Baltic Sea Fleet and strategic railways
同时我方的增长速度相对他们会显的较弱
Our side meanwhile will have grown steadily weaker
8月1日 德国向俄罗斯宣战
On 1 August, Germany declared war on Russia.
两天后 向俄罗斯的盟友---法国 宣战
Two days later, she declared war on Russia's ally, France.
整个欧洲 首批征召入伍的年轻人就有上千万
Across Europe, ten million men headed off to fight.
几乎所有的乐队和旗帜都前往送行
For all the bands and flag-waving, many went unwillingly to war.
我们会在哪里作战？法国？比利时？还是东部？
Where are we off to? France? Belgium ? Or the East?
车站上人们挥舞着手帕与亲人告别
At the station people waved goodbye some with handkerchiefs
我思念着留在家里妻子和孩子
I thought of my wife and child left alone at home
事实上 当恐惧的阴影掠过我灵魂时 也就没有那么多想了
In fact it wasn't so much a thought as a fearful shadow flitting over my soul
上帝！这个镇有多大？
God! How long is this town?
我的刺刀带勒紧着衣领令我窒息
My bayonet's digging in My collar 's strangling me
但当我抬头看到一个漂亮女孩时
But when I look up I see a pretty girl
她对我们充满着钦佩
She was so full of admiration so moved by it all
我意识到 我们必须表现的英俊高大 步伐整齐
that I realise we've got to look handsome and walk tall
铜管乐器刺耳的声音伴随着我们的行进
Off we march to the sound of shrill brass although where we are going
“你会死的支离破碎”
you die you're defaced hacked up torn apart
行进队列中的伙伴们都转头看着她
All down the line my comrades straighten up at the sight of her
激起一阵兴奋
There is great excitement among my comrades
单身汉们都很平静 他们甚至拿死亡开玩笑
The bachelors are calm They're even joking about it
已婚者都有点抑郁
Family men are depressed
有的说 我们从这场战争中什么也得不到 除了被德国人攻击
Some are saying we'll get nothing from this war We'll get beaten by the Germans
这关我们这些农民士兵什么事啊？
What's in it for us peasant-soldiers?
我们为什么要去为塞尔维亚人的过错而战斗呢？
Why have we got to fight for some offended Serbs?
指挥官对于为何要参加战斗有着些更好的想法
The leaders had little better idea why they were fighting than the men.
他们没有列出战争目的
They had no lists of war aims.
德国和奥地利 塞尔维亚 俄罗斯和法国全都确信
Germany and Austria, Serbia, Russia and France
他们正在打一场被迫的
were all convinced they were fighting a defensive war,
防御战
forced on them by someone else.
在欧洲唯一持观望态度的大国是英国
The only great power in Europe still on the sidelines was Britain.
1914年8月2日 英国仍保持着中立
On 2 August 1914, Britain was still at peace.
但也只是那会儿
But only just.
我们在一个极度兴奋的国家
We've been in a state of great excitement
预备役军人正在被征召入伍
as the reservists are being called up
所有的铁路都被严密守卫着
All the railways are guarded
大战的每一个细节都已被预计好了
Everything points to the great war so long expected being upon us
但拥有强大力量的英国 她不能声称自己是被侵略的受害者
But Britain was the only Great Power who could not claim she was the victim of aggression.
没有谁攻击她 那么她为什么要参战呢？
Nobody had attacked her, so why should she fight?
这不是真的为了维护一个小国的权利
It wasn't really to defend the rights of small nations,
至少 不是为了塞尔维亚 而是为了曼彻斯特的防卫
at least, not Serbia, according to the Manchester Guardian .
如果任由塞尔维亚被拖进大海 看其沉没的话
If it were physically possible for Serbia to be towed out to sea and sunk there
欧洲上空的紧张气氛或许会少些
the air of Europe would at once seem cleaner
英国并不受条约义务的约束
Nor was Britain bound by treaty obligations,
作为外相 Edward Grey向国会保证
as the Foreign Secretary, Edward Grey, assured Parliament.
我们不是法俄同盟的当事人
We are not parties to the Franco-Russian alliance
我们甚至不知道该联盟的具体条款
We do not even know the terms of the alliance
但私下里 格雷和其他领导人都知道英国的参战不可避免
But in private, Grey and other leaders knew that Britain had to fight.
如果英国保持中立 战争还是会威胁着庞大帝国在
If Britain stayed neutral, the war would still threaten the country's vast empire,
全球的贸易和安全
its global trade and security.
英国需要与法国 俄罗斯的联盟保持友好
And Britain needed to stay on friendly terms with France and Russia.
即使在平时 她并不强大的足以独自保卫自己的帝国
Even in peacetime, she was not powerful enough to defend her empire against everyone.
在非洲和印度
In Africa and lndia,
英国的殖民地安全得依靠法国与俄国的善意
the safety of Britain's colonies depended on French and Russian goodwill.
1914年 英国对她的朋友们的担心 犹如对她的敌人
In 1914, Britain feared her friends just as much as her enemies.
如果我们现在抛弃俄罗斯
If we fail Russia now
那与其在亚洲保持友好合作关系的希望也就不再存在
we cannot hope to maintain that friendly co-operation with her in Asia
这对我们是至关重要的
that is of such vital importance to us
最根本的是 英国绝不会让战无不胜的德国成为欧洲的主导者
Above all, Britain could never afford to have Europe dominated by a triumphant Germany.
如果德国占领了出海口 英国的制海权将受到严重威胁
If Germany overran the Channel ports, Britain's control of the seas would be under threat.
首相赫伯特阿斯奎思作了务实的判断
Prime Minister Herbert Asquith took a pragmatic view.
如果法国被消灭将严重违背英国的利益
It is quite against Britih interests that France should be wiped out
8月4日晚上十一时 英国对德国宣战
At 11 pm on 4 August, Britain declared war on Germany.
它就象是一个对数百万人拉去宣判的信号
It was like awaiting the signal for the pulling of a leaver which would hurl millions to their doom
悠长的大笨钟声飘荡在夜晚
The deep notes of Big Ben rang out into the night
决定英国命运的钟声从远出传来
the first strokes in Britain's most fateful hour since she arose out of the deep
每个人都剧然变的严肃 痛苦
Every face was suddenly contracted into a painful intensity
想象着可怕的无数苦难即将会伴随着我们
It's horrible to think of all the suffering which may follow our mobiliation
我猜测还是少想些或许会更好些
I suppose the less one thinks of it the better
我们从不谈论死亡 也很少想起它
We never talk of death and very selom think much about it
只有当所有人都睡着了 你却清醒着的时候
It's when everyone is asleep and you are awake
会为不远的将来而担忧
that sometimes you look into the future and wonder
英国政府有战争计划书 上面列着那些必须得做的紧急事情
The British Government had a War Book, listing all that had to be done in an emergency.
该国的领导人知道战争将会变为漫长而痛苦的挣扎
The country's leaders knew war would be a long and painful struggle,
缓慢而折磨的饥饿也会象敌人一样出现
a slow, grinding process of blockade, of starving the enemy out.
但多数平民不知道这一切即将到来
But most civilians had no idea what they were getting into.
综观整个欧洲经济
Across Europe, there was a run on the banks.
战争持续时间不可能超过一年
The war couldn't last longer than a year,
法国财长曾对一个英国将军说
the French Finance Minister told a British general,
因为军费开支太大 作战双方都负担不了
because the money to pay for it would run out.
大多数人都期待拥有最大海军的英国
Most people expected Britain,
打一场海上战争
with the largest navy in the world, to fight a sea war.
英国外相对国民保证：
The Foreign Secretary reassured the nation.
我们拥有强大的舰队
For us with a powerful fleet
我们相信这能保护我们的商业 保护我们的海岸
which we believe able to protect our commerce to protect our shores
以及保护我们的利益
and to protect our interests
如果我们被卷入战争
if we are engaged in war
那会遭受一些苦难 但肯定比因不作为而遭受的苦难要少许多
we shall suffer but little more than we shall suffer if we stand aside
Bert Fielder是皇家海军的一名军士
Bert Fielder was a sergeant in the Royal Marines.
他向妻子保证
He reassured his wife.
亲爱的Nell 我认为这场战争不会象人们所想象的那么糟糕
My dear Nell I don 't think this war is going to be half as bad as people expect it to be
为了英格兰 这并不是个艰苦的工作 你不必太担心的
You see it's not a hard job for England so there is no need to worry yourself
无论多么遥远 我都会与你保持通信
As long as I can keep you informed as to where I am it'll all be all right
但为这次战争而仓促准备的武器都很新
But the weapons with which the world went to war were so new
很少经过高强度的测试
that few had ever been fired in anger.
许多战列舰和潜艇使用了还不到十年
Countries were armed with battleships and submarines less than ten years old.
没有人真正知道该如何使用它们
Nobody really knew how to use them.
欧洲列强都在储备新的火炮 机关枪 爆炸弹
All the European powers had been stockpiling new artillery, machine guns, explosive shells.
但40多年来 欧洲没有发生过重大战事
But none had fought a major war in Europe for over 40 years.
这场危机已经在巴尔干地区开始了
The crisis had begun in the Balkans,
就在奥地利人面对塞尔维亚人挑战的一瞬间
and as the Austrians faced up to the Serbs,
第一次世界大战在这爆发 并且不断的蔓延至各国
the First World War started here as it would go on everywhere else.
以往战争中所遵从的荣誉和规则被抛弃了
A war in which old scores would be settled and the rule book thrown away.
战争把我们带入一个国家 那里居住着许多
The war is taking us into a country inhabited by a population
疯狂的仇恨着我们的人群
inspired with fanatical hatred towards ourselves
我们面临着极其严重的现状
An attitude of extreme severity
充满着残酷和怀疑
extreme harshness and extreme distrust is to be observed towards everybody
在一些防区 塞族平民也打游击战
In some sectors, Serbian civilians did fight a guerrilla war,
他们不穿军装 也不是正规军
not in uniform, not in the regular army.
奥地利人无法分辨谁是敌人 而谁不是
It was hard for the Austrians to tell who was a real enemy, who was not.
但他们对塞尔维亚人民的报复非常邪恶
But their reprisals against the Serbian people were vicious.
这是一个民族和种族的战争
This was a war of nationalities and races.
武力不再是只针对敌国军队而是整个民族
Not just against an enemy army, but against whole peoples.
在战争的第一个月中 有4000名塞尔维亚西部平民被杀或失踪
In the first month of the war, 4,000 civilians in western Serbia were killed or disappeared.
他们抢劫后焚烧屋子 强奸并杀害了17个平民
They burnt houses down looted raped killed
都是女人和女孩
17 people - all women, girls
许多儿童被捆绑着
children tied with rope
倒毙在路旁的沟渠中
dead in a ditch by the road
他们都是被屠杀的
All of them slaughtered
上午九时 我到Leica取一些电池
At 9am I went to Leica to get some supplies for the battery
在城镇中看到了敌人留下的暴行
In the town you could see the atrocities left behind by the enemy
10个人包括孩子被绞死在教堂的附近
Ten people some children among them had been hanged near the church
在火车站约有100人被割喉处死
About a hundred people their throats cut at the railway station
景象非常恐怖
A terrible sight to cast your eyes on
塞尔维亚语镇普尔尼亚沃尔 有个遇难者纪念馆
At the Serbian town of Prnjavor, this memorial commemorates those who died.
塞尔维亚政府提供的大屠杀报告申明：
The Serbian Government commissioned a report into the massacres
针对平民的大屠杀是侵略军
The massacres of the civil population were systematically organised
系统的 有组织的执行的
by the command of the invading army
敌人的军队必须为它所犯下的罪行承担责任
It's upon the command that all responsibility must rest
并且这种耻辱他们永远也无法摆脱
and also the disgrace with which this army has covered itself for all time
当与塞尔维亚军队作战时 奥匈帝国却有远不是如此强悍
Austria-Hungary was far less ruthless when it came to fighting the Serbian Army.
这也在战争中订出了一个模式 预示着这支军队的弱点
That too set a pattern for the war, a foretaste of the military weakness
奥匈帝国是德国的走狗
which would dog Austria-Hungary's partnership with Germany.
在这场战争中 前线的一个事件可能对另一个起着关键的影响
This was a war in which events on one front could have a critical effect on another.
德国是依靠她的盟友--奥匈帝国防守东部战线
Germany was relying on her ally Austria-Hungary to hold the Eastern Front.
与俄军对垒
With Russia massing on her borders,
德国人震惊的得知奥匈帝国没有集中力量对付俄军
Germany was horrified to learn Austria had concentrated her reserves not against Russia
而是在巴尔干 以对付塞尔维亚
but down in the Balkans, to deal with Serbia.
与此同时 塞尔维亚的主要军队在南部
Meanwhile, the main Serbian army had marched up from the south of the country,
集结所有力量 按时出发
gathering numbers as it went.
8月12日 在Cer山区与奥军相遇
On 12 August, it finally met the Austrians, at Cer Mountain.
塞尔维亚人已沿山脉建立了坚强的防御阵地
The Serbs had taken up strong defensive positions along the mountain range,
等待着奥地利人进入陷阱
and waited for the Austrians to walk into the trap.
(Explosion)（爆炸）
塞族人包围着我们
The Serbs surrounded us
塞尔维亚人的大炮了排列完美
The Serbian artillery had the range perfectly
Unluckily 很不幸
高级军官们告诉我们说
so we were told by senior officers
我们已经在塞尔维亚炮兵的轰击区域了
we had arrived at the Serbian artillery practice area
Laughable! 太可笑了！
(Explosions)
塞尔维亚人轻易击败了奥匈军队的攻击
The Serbs easily beat off the Austro-Hungarian attack.
我们可以看到敌人沿河后撤
We could see the enemy retreating along the river
在河谷他们丢弃弹药列车和所有的推车逃跑了
Their ammunition train left all their carts in the valley and ran away
当他们被我们的大炮轰击时
as soon as they were hit by our artillery
溃不成军 惊恐的逃回边境
A beaten army - no an uncontrolled mob ran towards the border in senselss panic
骑兵们鞭打着马匹从货车堆中
Drivers whipped their horses officers and soldiers shoved and squeezed through
勉强推挤通过
between the columns of wagons
同盟国俘获了此次战争的第一批奥匈战俘
Austro-Hungarian prisoners, captured in the first Allied victory of the war.
奥匈帝国原以为塞尔维亚是一个鱼腩
Austria had thought Serbia would be a pushover,
能够迅速为被害的弗朗茨·斐迪南报仇
swift revenge for the murder of Franz Ferdinand.
塞尔维亚人击溃了奥地利军队
But Serbia had scattered the Austrian Army.
1914年的这次胜利 塞尔维亚人付出了13万战士的生命
The victories of 1914 cost Serbia 130,000 men.
''他们的牺牲没有白费 ''塞尔维亚的纪念碑上写道
''They did not die in vain,'' reads the inscription on this memorial to Serbia's dead.
每一个国家都知道 这次战争不会那么容易 短暂和理性
Every nation would learn that nothing in this war would be easy, quick or clean.
在西部战线 一位法国救护车司机写信给他的儿子
On the Western Front, a French ambulance driver wrote to his son.
你是否想到你的爸爸正走在日夜被炮火
Do you ever think of your daddy walking day and night over ploughed fields
耕犁着的地方？
and getting very used to shells exploding all over the place?
我真的很想听你们讲
I'd really like to hear from you
学校里的一切
How's school
欧洲地理的学习不必太快
Don't be too quick to learn the geography of Europe
我认为它会有许多变化
I think it's all about to change
在下一集的第一次世界战争：
In the next episode of The First World War:
德国军队驶入比利时和法国 留下一系列的暴行
German armies roll into Belgium and France, leaving a trail of atrocities.
法兰西 在英国的资助下 为生存而战！
And France, aided by Britain , fights for her life.