9 11 2001自称恐怖分子 9 11 2001 terrorists who call themselves
对抗西方十字军的神勇士 warriors of god against the crusaders of the west
两种宗教要求和平却发动战争 two religions that demand peace yet wage war
在整个历史时期的对抗和 throughout history epochs of confrontation and
合作 collaboration
以上帝的名义战斗的人民和大国 peoples and powers who fight in the name of god
但是谁为世界上的最高统治而斗争 but who struggle for supremacy on earth
[音乐] [Music]
在公元11世纪，一场巨大的冲突爆发了对圣洁者的控制 in the 11th century a.d a monumental conflict erupts over control of the holy
地上的基督徒正受到教皇的威胁 land christians are under threat the pope
呼吁以上帝的名义进行十字军东征 calls for a crusade in the name of god
目的是征服耶路撒冷，但基督徒骑士真的 the aim is the conquest of jerusalem but are the christian knights really
只是为了他们的信仰而战 just fighting for their faith
所谓的针对穆斯林的圣战将持续两个世纪 the so-called holy war against the muslims will continue for two centuries
[音乐]耶路撒冷1099年6月 [Music] jerusalem june 1099
这些自称是十字军的人第一次来到城墙 the crusaders arrive at the city walls for the first time these self-styled
武装朝圣者瞥见了他们的决赛 armed pilgrims catch a glimpse of their final
目的地 destination
[音乐]他们已经旅行了三年 [Music] they've been traveling for three years
数千名十字军出发前往圣地 many thousand crusaders had set out to the holy land
随行人员的人数是圣城的十倍，只有三分之一 with an entourage ten times as large only a third have reached the holy city
现在似乎所有的困难都被忘记了 for now all hardship seems to be forgotten
教皇向所有十字军承诺减轻罪恶 the pope promised all crusaders the remission of their sins
如果他们在巴勒斯坦帮助他们的基督教兄弟 if they come to the aid of their christian brothers in palestine
释放穆斯林统治的圣地 and free the holy sites of muslim rule
像图卢兹的雷蒙德和布永的戈弗雷这样的指挥官 commanders like raymond of toulouse and godfrey of bouyon
有一个共同的强烈愿望 have one burning desire in common
他们决心在圣地恢复基督教统治 they're determined to restore christian rule in the holy land
特别是在耶路撒冷和基督墓上 especially over jerusalem and the tomb of christ
根据当代的信仰，这是主和他的土地 according to contemporary belief this was the land of the lord and of his
遗产 heritage
耶路撒冷由基督教拜占庭人统治了几个世纪 jerusalem had been ruled by christian byzantines for centuries
在638年，这座城市被穆罕默德的追随者征服 in 638 the city was conquered by the followers of muhammad
穆斯林统治实质上是对犹太人和基督教徒的宽容 muslim rule was essentially tolerant toward jews and christians
但在11世纪，有报道称屡屡袭击基督徒 but in the 11th century there had been reports of repeated attacks on christian
朝圣者十字军想结束这一点 pilgrims the crusaders want to put an end to this
攻城消息传到北150英里处的大马士革 news of the siege arrives at damascus 150 miles north
穆斯林学者希望获得有关基督教军队的最新信息 the muslim scholar wants to receive update information on the christian army
[音乐]使者通知他， [Music] a messenger informs him that the
基督徒攻击耶路撒冷，他们背着十字架并向上帝祈祷， christians are attacking jerusalem they carry crosses and pray to god to
援引他的帮助，其中有很多 invoke his help and there are many of them
坚信欧洲基督徒的袭击 is convinced that the attack by the european christians
不是普通的运动 is no ordinary campaign
他意识到他们不只是来抢劫 he realizes that they haven't just come to loot
但要以上帝的名义发动战争 but to wage war in the name of god
耶路撒冷的围困是在第五个星期 the siege of jerusalem is in its fifth week
没有和平投降的谈判 there are no negotiations for a peaceful surrender
耶路撒冷的捍卫者拥有强大的武器，可以防止对这座城市的破坏 jerusalem's defenders have powerful weapons to prevent a breach of the city
墙壁上的希腊大火由燃烧的油组成 walls greek fire consists of burning oil that
不能用水熄灭 can't be extinguished with water
十字军首领戈弗雷亚·布永（Godfreya bouyon）知道他的骑士被推向 the crusaders leader godfreya bouyon knows that his knights are pushed to
他们的极限 their limits
[掌声] [Applause]
他的许多人死在城墙外 many of his men die outside the city walls
[音乐]他们将直奔天堂 [Music] they will go straight to paradise or so
十字军相信 the crusaders believe
如果耶路撒冷被基督徒俘虏，穆斯林将输掉 if jerusalem is captured by christians the muslims will lose
他们最神圣的地方之一，他们也将在安拉面前丢脸 one of their most sacred sites they'll also lose face before allah
根据穆斯林征服的伊斯兰战争地区的法律 according to the islamic law of war territories conquered by muslims
绝对不能在11世纪的伊斯兰帝国中迷失 must never be lost again in the 11th century the islamic empires
从印度延伸到西班牙圣地和亚洲未成年人 stretched from india to spain the holy land and asia minor
曾经被拜占庭基督徒统治的一步一步被征服 once ruled by byzantine christians have been conquered step by step
当东方的基督徒向西方的基督徒求助时 when christians in the east ask for help from christians in the west
罗马教皇在访问时主动出击 the roman pope takes the initiative whilst visiting
法国的一个城市 a city in france
这是1095年在克莱蒙被围攻的前四年 it's the year 1095 in clermont four years prior to the siege of
耶路撒冷在热情洋溢的演说中 jerusalem in an impassioned speech the head of the
天主教会呼吁对穆斯林征服者进行十字军东征 catholic church will call for a crusade against the muslim conquerors his name
教皇城市二世 pope urban ii
1095年11月，圣彼得的继任者召集了200多位主教 in november 1095 the successor of saint peter assembles more than 200 bishops
来自法国意大利和西班牙的亮点 from france italy and spain the highlight of the
教皇会议是一项礼仪服务 papal synod is a ceremonial service
包括贵族和骑士在内的数千名信徒 several thousand believers including noblemen and knights
回应了教皇的呼吁人群如此之大 have responded to the pope's appeal the crowd is so large
这项服务是在大教堂外的一个地方举行的 the service is held in a field outside of the cathedral
城市描绘了威胁和威胁的景象 urban paints a picture of menace and threats
[音乐]他呼吁信徒和他的 [Music] he appeals to the faithful and to his
基督异教徒的兄弟姐妹正在偷 brothers and sisters in christ the infidels are stealing the
基督徒的领土，其中许多被杀或驱逐出境 territories of the christians many of them are killed or deported
无情地 without mercy
教堂和耶路撒冷被摧毁了 churches and jerusalem has been devastated
基督徒拜占庭处于危险之中，这是每一个基督徒的责任 christian byzantium is in danger it's the duty of every christian to come to
在东方的兄弟们的帮助下[音乐] the aid of his brothers in the east [Music]
兄弟姐妹一词是指拜占庭的东方教会 the term brothers and sisters refers to the byzantine eastern church
实际上，当时基督教深深地分裂了 actually at the time christianity is deeply divided
在天主教徒和东正教徒之间 between catholic and orthodox christians whose
自土耳其牢骚开玩笑以来，中心一直是君士坦丁堡 center is constantinople ever since the turkish cell jukes drove
来自亚洲未成年人的拜占庭基督徒世界感到挑战 the byzantines out of asia minor the christian world feels challenged
游牧骑兵构成了伊斯兰世界的新强大力量 nomadic horsemen constitute the new great power of the islamic world
当他们将当地的基督徒和朝圣者带到圣地时 as they advance local christians and christian pilgrims to the holy land
受到攻击[音乐] come under attack [Music]
细胞的笑话还威胁着拜占庭帝国的首都 the cell jukes also threaten the capital of the byzantine empire
君士坦丁堡博斯普鲁斯海峡上的大都市 constantinople the metropolis on the bosporus
曾经是基督教世界的力量中心 was once the power center of the christian world
这就是拜占庭皇帝亚历克西奥斯的原因 it's the reason why the byzantine emperor alexios
曾多次要求教皇在与细胞笑话的斗争中提供帮助 has repeatedly asked the pope for help in the fight against the cell jukes
在1095年夏天，他写信给《第二城市》 in the summer of 1095 he writes to urban ii
他的信不被忽视 his letter doesn't go unnoticed
拯救他的帝国和整个[音乐] to save his empire and the whole of [Music]
见基督教 see christian christendom
在克莱尔蒙特，教皇发出拜占庭式的求救电话 at claremont the pope puts the byzantine call for help
在他讲道的中心，根据城市的基督教徒 at the center of his sermon according to urban the christians of the
东部正遭受攻击，他们正在被奴役，男女 east are under attack they're being enslaved and men and women
被de污的异教徒穆斯林已经到达 are being defiled the heathen muslims have reached the
敦促君士坦丁堡的大门所有基督徒 gates of constantinople all christians are being urged to
支持他们在东方的基督教徒教皇 support their christian brethren in the east the pope
显然做出了非常有效的讲道，充满了大笔手势 evidently gave a very effective sermon full of big gestures
并且很好地争论了 and very well argued
教皇坚持认为是上帝本人要求所有基督徒接受 the pope insists that it is god himself who is asking all christians to take the
穿越并与非信徒作战 cross and go to war against the non-believing
穆斯林[音乐] muslims [Music]
萨纳德主教兰比·阿瓦拉的一名服务员 one attendant of the sanad bishop lambie avara
写出教皇在克莱蒙演讲的讲话 writes an account of the pope's speech at clermont
他描述了城市如何将这场运动推广到圣地 he describes how urban promotes the campaign to the holy land
那些因以下原因出发前往耶路撒冷的人 those who set off for jerusalem for reasons of
不获得荣誉或金钱的虔诚可以期待天上的回报 piety not to gain honor or money can expect heavenly rewards
演讲结束后，所有在场的人都在缝制的掌声中欢呼雀跃。 all after the speech those present fell into rapturous applause they sewed
织物穿过十字架到他们的衣服上，表明他们已将十字架穿过 fabric crosses to their clothes to show they'd taken the cross for the
根据古代的消息来源，他们哭了 sake of god according to ancient sources they cried
这是神的旨意 out this is the will of god
[音乐] [Music]
别墅 villas
[鼓掌]市区宣告解放 [Applause] urban declares the liberation of the
圣地成为他要团结分裂的基督徒的a悔朝圣 holy land to be a penitential pilgrimage he wants to unite the divided christians
在一个旗帜下，教会的力量将统治世俗 under one banner church power is to reign over secular
教皇有权成为所有人的保护者 power the pope is to be the protector of all
基督教的真正代表 of christianity the true representative of christ on
地球 earth
当安理会成员返回时，反应非常热烈 the response was massive when the participants of the council returned
在家里，他们确保了教皇呼吁的消息 home they ensured that news of the pope's appeal
会在他们的地区蔓延 would spread in their region
[音乐]基督教传教士呼吁进行十字军东征 [Music] christian preachers call for a crusade
耶路撒冷的孩子的土地 to jerusalem the land of the children of the
以色列主教和牧师宣布教皇的 israelites bishops and priests announced the pope's
在他们的教会里，流动的传教士将信息传达给 message in their churches itinerant preachers carry it to the
农村 countryside
ii无疑触动了时间的神经 ii undoubtedly touched the nerve of the time
外面没有其他方法可以解释群众运动，这甚至令人惊讶 outside there is no other way to explain the mass movement which even surprised
同时代的 contemporaries
成千上万受邀或未受邀 hundreds of thousands invited or not invited
基督徒被要求解放耶路撒冷 are on their way christians are asked to liberate jerusalem
和神的名字 and the name of god
狂热的僧侣以自己的名义来推动十字军东征 fanatic monks take it on themselves to promote the crusade in the name of
基督众人蜂拥而至 christ people flocked to them in droves
普通的乡下人农民工匠和 ordinary countrymen peasants craftsmen and members of the
较低的贵族不完全是骑士要求的 lower nobility not exactly the knights requested by
拜占庭也不是城市拥有的上帝的战士 byzantium nor the warriors of god that urban had
牢记这是一支齐心协力的军队 in mind it's an army cobbled together without
总共计划约一万五千人 plan about fifteen thousand people in all the
祖戈南特 zugonante
所谓的穷人十字军运动是对公众宣传的一种反应。 the so-called crusade of the poor was a reaction to the publicity for the
巡回传教士和其他人的十字军东征 crusade which itinerant preachers and others
带到法国北部的低地国家和 brought to northern france to the low countries and to the
北伦敦莱茵兰特许经营 rhineland north franchise in london um
这支布塔格军队不想等待教皇设定的出发日期 this ragtag army doesn't want to wait for the departure date set by the pope
一些贵族也想立即离开 some noblemen also want to leave immediately
富人和穷人都分享获得救赎的愿望 the desire to attain salvation was shared by rich and poor alike
在11世纪似乎越来越受到关注 it seemed to be a growing concern in the 11th century
为个人做pen悔的想法 the notion of doing penitence for personal
这是一个害怕世界末日的时代 this is an age of fear of the end of the world
最后的审判，但也有救赎的希望 and of the last judgment but also of hope for salvation
为基督的荣誉而战，为可能遭受的任何耻辱报仇 to fight for the honor of christ to take revenge for any dishonor that may have
对他所做的这些信念已经得到发展 been done to him these are beliefs that had gained ground
在11世纪，这为 in the 11th century and that paved the way for the
令人惊讶的强大反应 surprisingly powerful reaction
嗯，所谓的人民十字军东征 um the so-called people's crusade leads
通过像斯派尔这样的城市，这些城市是沿途的贸易中心 through cities like speyer which are centers of trade along the
莱茵河，那里有许多犹太人 rhine they're home to numerous jewish
社区突然处于危险之中 communities suddenly they're in danger
在中世纪早期，许多犹太社区定居在主教区 in the early middle ages many jewish communities had settled in bishop
科隆美因茨蠕虫或Spaire等城市 cities like cologne mainz worms or spaire
犹太人在这些城市的经济崛起中发挥了重要作用 the jews played a major part in the economic rise of these cities
[音乐]作为商人和放债人的犹太人 [Music] as merchants and money lenders the jews
在中世纪的经济中起着重要的作用 play an important role in medieval economy they
向皇帝缴税并得到皇帝的保护 paid taxes to the emperor and receive his protection in return
至少在理论上 at least in theory
我们知道，第一次十字军东征的许多参与者都不是有钱的贵族 we know that many participants of the first crusade were not wealthy noblemen
是骑士，但无力攻击的人 are knights but people without means the attack on
犹太社区是他们致富的简便方法 jewish communities was an easy way for them to get rich
物质[音乐] materiel [Music]
几个城市的犹太区遭到攻击 the jewish quarters of several cities come under attack
尽管得到了皇帝的正式保护，但仍经常进行狩猎 a regular manhunt ensues despite the official protection of the emperor
在当地的主教中，当局未能阻止掠夺 and of the local bishops the authorities failed to prevent looting
大约有5000人被犹太人处决，成为大屠杀的受害者 and the mass execution of jews about 5 000 people fall victim to the pogroms
1096年。 of 1096.
[音乐]在这个网站上，犹太人被描绘成 [Music] in this site jews were portrayed as the
基督被谋杀的后裔听起来可能很愤世嫉俗，但是 descendants of the murders of christ it may sound cynical but the people of
那个时代相信如果他们攻击它会取悦上帝 the time believed that it would please god if they attacked
所谓的异教徒或异教徒在家里，但这种特殊的十字军东征也有 so-called infidels or heathens at home but this particular crusade also has
大多数十字军的自杀能力差 suicidal qualities most crusaders are poorly armed and
漫长的准备不足[音乐] ill-prepared for a long march [Music]
很少参加波普尔运动的参与者到达耶路撒冷 few participants of the poppers crusade will ever reach jerusalem
[音乐] [Music]
对于神职人员和上层贵族来说更重要 all the more important for the clergy and for the upper nobility
确保他们准备充分 to ensure that they are well prepared
在下洛林公爵的城堡有准备 at the castle of the duke of lower lorraine there are preparations for the
漫长的旅程进入未知的播种十字架，穿上你的衣服 long journey into the unknown sowing crosses onto your clothes for the
进军巴勒斯坦也是新起点的象征 march to palestine is also a symbol for a new beginning
跳水的人之一是戈弗雷亚·布永 one of those taking the plunge is godfreya bouyon
公爵对修道院的精神印象深刻 the duke is impressed by the spirit of the monasteries
他们是一个时代的沉思之地 they're places of contemplation during an epoch
当许多人期望主降临时，据说穿着骑士的长袍 when many expect the coming of the lord it's said that wearing a knight's robe
就像穿着和尚的袍子 is like wearing the robe of a monk
以前，戈弗雷对教皇的指导很少关注 previously godfrey had paid little attention to the pope's guidance
他也不反对世俗的诱惑，但他在这些时候充满了怀疑 nor was he averse to worldly temptation yet he is full of doubt in these times
他决定跟随教皇的呼吁 of spiritual turbulence he decides to follow the pope's call to
他与他的兄弟尤斯塔克（Eustach）一同加入的圣地， the holy land he's joined by his brothers eustach and
鲍德温[音乐] baldwin [Music]
戈弗雷意识到在前往耶路撒冷的途中死亡的危险 godfrey is aware of the dangers ahead if he dies on the way to jerusalem he
想被埋葬和十字军的斗篷 wants to be buried and the cloak of the crusader which
背着基督的十字架[音乐] bears the cross of christ [Music]
没有人知道他们中的任何人是否会在准备旅途时返回 nobody knows if any of them will return as they prepare for the journey they
也解决他们的遗产 also settle their estate
[音乐] [Music]
它在这里 it's here
兄弟们同意他们不会 the brothers agree that they won't be
返回 returning
他们将在圣地建立自己的基督教王国 they will found their own christian kingdom in the holy land
教皇的口号是上帝的旨意 it's the will of god that the pope's slogan
因为他宣称要巴勒斯坦运动 as he declares the campaign to palestine to be
一场圣战，许多人愿意跟随他的召唤来寻求救赎 a holy war many are willing to follow his call in search of salvation
还要追求成名的荣耀力量和财富 but also in the pursuit of fame glory power and wealth
引发十字军东征200年时代的个人动机 the personal motivations that trigger the 200-year epoch of the crusades
充满矛盾，但很多人参加 are full of contradiction but many people participate
来自社会各阶层以及整个欧洲 from all levels of society and from all over europe
最终成千上万的人将开始危险的生活 eventually hundreds of thousands of people will set off on their perilous
不论贫富的骑士和贵族 journey both rich and poor knights and noblemen
领主和民工 lords and laborers peasants and townspeople
男女1096年夏天标志着最大的运动的开始 men and women the summer of 1096 marks the beginning of the biggest
中世纪的军事事业 military endeavor of the middle ages tens of thousands of
十字军，他们大部分是法国人和德国人 crusaders the bulk of them french and german
沿着亚得里亚海沿意大利穿过三个不同的路线， follow three different routes through italy along the adriatic and
穿越巴尔干山脉，这是他们的第一个共同目的地 across the balkan mountains their first joint destination on the way
到圣地是君士坦丁堡 to the holy land is constantinople
自公元4世纪以来，这座城市一直是拜占庭帝国的首都 since the 4th century a.d the city has been the capital of the byzantine empire
和所有东正教徒的大都市 and the metropolis of all orthodox christians
正是在这里，亚历山大皇帝起草了他的求救呼吁，要求教皇乌尔班 it was here that emperor alexios drafted his call for help to pope urban
最后，十字军在亚历山大皇帝的预期下接近教皇。 at last the crusader army is near emperor alexios expected the pope to
给他派几支山佣兵 send him a few units of mountain mercenaries
谁将被置于他的指挥之下 who would then be placed under his command
相反，一支庞大的军队已经抵达城墙之外 instead a huge army has arrived outside the city walls
对首都构成威胁 that poses a threat to the capital
alexios指责戈弗雷和十字军在他的中间散布恐惧 alexios accuses godfrey and the crusaders of spreading fear among his
努力帮助自己的人 people of helping themselves to whatever they
需要并且表现得像小偷和强盗 need and of acting like thieves and robbers
十字军不在乎，但他们确实介意皇帝的要求 the crusaders don't care but they do mind the emperor's demands
他希望十字军东征的首领发誓效忠他 he wants the leaders of the crusade to swear allegiance to him
并将所有被征服的领土归还给拜占庭 and to return all conquered territories to byzantium
一世 i
十字军已经宣誓效忠教皇 the crusaders have already sworn allegiance to the pope
alexios不在乎 alexios doesn't care
只有当他们向拜占庭皇帝宣誓就职时 only if they swear an oath to him the emperor of byzantium
他会批准他们通过 will he grant them passage across the
[音乐]博斯普鲁斯海峡 [Music] bosphorus
[音乐] [Music]
远征军的领导者至少现在暂时不放松 the leaders of the crusade relent at least for now
如果他们想到达圣地，别无选择 have no choice if they want to reach the holy land
十字军发誓效忠 the crusaders vow of allegiance has been
[音乐]强迫 [Music] coerced
[音乐]你 [Music] you