=============== 纪录片之家奉献 Http://www.jlpzj.com =============== 翻译 Vancoxie
俄罗斯音乐是这个国家环境的真实写照。 Russian music obviously responds to the circumstances of this nation.
俄罗斯音乐与俄国是一个整体， Russian music as Russian country as a whole
宏大、危险、壮观，而决不会乏味。 can be big, dangerous, spectacular, never boring.
浪漫主义诗人Tutchev说过，“你无法用惯常的思维理解俄罗斯，” 'You cannot understand Russia with the mind,' said the romantic poet Tutchev
“理解它的唯一方法就是完全的接受它。” 'The only way to grasp it is to believe in it.'
在这部影片中，我们试图通过音乐， In this series of films, we try to grasp the history
来理解这个广袤而非凡的国家的历史和文化。 and culture of this vast and remarkable nation through its music.
旅程中陪伴我们的是Valery Gergiev Our companions on the journey are Valery Gergiev
以及Kirov歌剧、芭蕾舞管弦乐团。 and the Kirov Orchestra, Opera and Ballet company.
因为圣彼得堡Mariinsky剧院的辉煌历史， Based at the historic Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg,
他们被公认为是世界最好的音乐团队之一。 they are acknowledged as one of the greatest companies in the world.
小白桦 The Little Birch Tree
第一集节目将关注这片土地本身， This first programme looks at the land itself
并向您展示乡村是如何地 and charts how the village and countryside
塑造着俄罗斯的历史、特质以及音乐。 have moulded Russia's history, character and music.
俄国作曲家总是关注平民生活， Russian composers were attracted to simple people
我们称其为“narod”。 'narod ' as we say the people.
所有的传统仪式，比如婚礼， All the traditional rituals for example, wedding
都不可能离得了音乐。 you can't imagine without music.
乡村是俄罗斯的灵魂， The village was the soul of Russia.
土地滋养了我们的心神， The land fed us spiritual nourishment,
SERGEl STAROSTIN (Singer and Musician 歌唱家、音乐家) 并提供我们所有的俄罗斯音乐素材。 and gave us all Russia's musical styles.
乡村是世界中的一个社会， The village was a world within a world.
它拥有城市所拥有的一切， The village had everything the city had.
它是跟城市平行的世界。 It was a parallel world.
在十月革命以前，圣彼得堡大部分人都是农户， Before revolution, St Petersburg consisted mostly from peasants.
80%的人口都出生在乡村， Eighty percent of the population were born in the village.
所以在全国，城市和大的村庄差不多一半一半。 So it was half a big village, half city.
他们尝试着用乡村的生活方式 They tried to survive in the city in the way
LEV LURYE (Historian 历史学家) 在城市生存。 in which they were living in the village.
这令那些从未见过高楼，火车和电力的人 It was greatest frustration, greatest shock to the majority of them
大多感到无比震惊和失意， never having seen big buildings from stone, trams, trains, electricity
而城乡之间的关系则依旧稳固。 and the relationship between city and country still is very strong.
俄国几乎每个家庭都在乡村有套房子， Almost every Russian family has a house in the country,
或者是有亲戚住在乡下， or relatives who live outside the town.
VASCHA VESCHERSKY (Petersburg resident 彼得堡居民) 在那我们种各种东西，蔬菜啊，水果啊，还有浆果。 There we grow all sorts of things, vegetables, fruits and berries.
这些浆果是长在森林和沼泽里的。 These berries grow in a forest or marsh.
这是酸果蔓的果实。 They are cranberries.
因为俄罗斯的冬天非常冷， Because winters in Russia are very cold,
所以新鲜的水果很贵，也很不好买。 it's pricey and hard to buy fresh produce.
这些都是用夏天的水果腌渍成的蜜饯。 All these things preserve the nutrition of the warm summer.
俄国的乡村每年都经历着轮回， The Russian village lived a yearly cycle.
其间每一阶段都在不断地往复着。 There were defined stages which repeated.
STRAVINSKY (斯特拉文斯基) 春之祭 The Rite of Spring
过去，俄罗斯的新年从春天开始起算。 In ancient Russia the year began with Spring.
人们在春天开始耕作，主要的农活也是在春天完成的。 In Spring work on the land started and the main agricultural work was done.
迎春的仪式和颂歌会佑福一整年的丰饶和富足。 The rituals and songs which greeted the Spring conditioned the year's success.
整个俄罗斯都像农户们一样，与季节更迭的自然进程紧密相连。 The Russians, like any rural people were linked to this natural progression.
这里四季分明， The change of seasons is very clear.
春夏秋冬都有着各自的色彩， The different colours of Winter, Spring, and Summer are clearly defined.
而所有的这些都反映在俄罗斯的音乐之中。 All this is reflected in Russian music.
斯特拉文斯基的春之祭于1913年首演， Stravinsky's 'Rite of Spring' was first performed in 1913.
主题是过去异教徒时期的俄罗斯以及大地本身的元素力量。 His theme was ancient, pagan Russia and the elemental power of the land itself.
‘俄罗斯祭春的剧烈变化似乎在一个小时内发生，’他描述道， 'The violent Russian spring,' he described it,
‘而整个大地都变得如此的不同寻常。’ 'that seemed to begin in an hour and was like the whole earth cracking.'
斯特拉文斯基抓住了这种感觉， Stravinsky somehow caught this feeling
仿佛世界正在渐渐苏醒。 it seems to be like the wakening of the world.
还有人记得他们祖父祖母在六七十年前 There are still people who remember the way their grandfathers,
歌唱的方式。 grandmothers were singing sixty, seventy years ago.
正如格林卡所说的：音乐是平民百姓创造的， It was Glinka who was saying that music is created by the people,
我们作曲家只是对其编曲而已。 we composers just arrange it.
如今，我们把格林卡尊为俄罗斯音乐之父。 We think of Glinka as a father of Russian music.
GLINKA (格林卡) 献给沙皇（即伊凡苏萨宁） A Life for the Tsar
伊凡苏萨宁的很多东西是俄罗斯历史上前所未有的。 'Life for the Tsar' many, many things happened for the first time in Russian history.
它是第一部俄国作曲家创作的大型歌剧。 That was first grand big opera composed by a Russian composer.
同时，婚礼合唱这种传统的盛赞歌， At the same time, the wedding chorus is a traditional ritual song,
也第一次被作为民族元素被加入俄罗斯歌剧。 the first folk element put into Russian opera.
Khorovod是一种圆圈舞， The Khorovod is a circle dance.
它象征着太阳的运行，包含着古代东斯拉夫民族的宗教元素。 It's linked to the movement of the sun. It's an element of ancient eastern Slav ritual.
Khorovod是一种分布最广的古老歌舞形式, Here in western Russia, and all over the country.
NINA SAVELIVA (Folklorist 民俗学者) 几乎遍及俄罗斯西部的所有乡村地区. the khorovod is one of the most widespread and ancient forms of dancing with singing.
在西俄罗斯遥远的Vereshaki村子， This khorovod is part of ritual celebrations
Khorovod是宗教庆典的一部分， in the village of Vereshaki in the far west of Russia.
每年都会在复活节过后的六周举行。 It takes place each year, six weeks after Easter.
甚至民俗专家也是直到最近才知晓这种仪式。 Even folklorists didn't know about this ritual until recently.
苏联时期，政府不喜欢跟基督教历法有任何瓜葛， The Soviets didn't like the link to the church calendar.
他们甚至明令禁止举行这种庆典， They even gave an order not to celebrate it.
然而传统的力量是难以抗拒的，人们依旧进行着这种仪式。 But the tradition was so strong they celebrated all the same.
让麦田吐绿， Let the cornfield sprout.
让五谷丰裕， Let the grains grow.
上帝啊，借您之力，使我们衣食无虞。 God! If it's in your power, give us health, long life and much happiness.
这种仪式是从我祖母那传下来的，它能驱邪，也能赐予我们粮食， The ritual comes from our great grandmothers, it dispels evil and gives us crops.
BABA NINA (Villager 村民) 还能保护人们免受雷击。 Stops lightning killing people.
我们让灾祸都随着耶稣的升天一并消失。 At Ascension we bury the evil force here.
GLINKA (格林卡) 卡玛林斯卡亚幻想曲 Kamarinskaya
我刚用这只牧笛演奏的， On this simple shepherd's flute,
是卡玛林斯卡亚幻想曲的旋律， I played the well-known Kamarinskaya tune.
它在俄罗斯中西部很受欢迎， It was popular in central and western Russia.
属于宗教舞曲。 It's a ritual dance melody.
格林卡是第一个将民歌旋律应用到自己作品中的俄国作曲家。 Glinka was the first Russian composer to use folk tunes in his work.
他的卡玛林斯卡亚幻想曲创作于1848年， His Kamarinskaya was written in 1848.
包含两个主旋律。 There are two main themes.
第二个主旋律反映的是俄罗斯的精神核心， The second theme reflects Russian soulfulness.
也就是俄罗斯的宏大与广袤。 The expanse of Russia.
大多数我们认为典型的俄罗斯风格主题 Most themes we think of as typically Russian...
都含有源自俄语语音的二度音程。 Have two intervals related to Russian speech the fourth and the fifth.
曲调往往衍生于俄语词汇间的音程高低变化， The melody comes from the contour of the words.
这是俄罗斯特有的旋律。 It's a typical Russian melody.
BALAKIREV (巴拉基列夫) 俄罗斯民歌主题序曲 Overture on Russian Themes
单簧管、双簧管和长笛必须更加富于变化， It must be varied Clarinets, oboes and flutes play,
老巴拉基列夫并不需要很唯美， Grandpa Balakirev doesn't want it all beautiful.
演奏的再风趣一些，再风趣些， Play it more interestingly.
第二小节重音开始。 An accent in the second bar.
十九世纪中叶，一群作曲家 In the mid-19th century, a group of composers
通过自觉的尝试成立了一个俄罗斯学派（“强力集团”）。 made a conscious attempt to form a Russian school.
其名誉领袖巴拉基列夫在他的民歌音乐中写道： Balakirev, their ideological leader, said that by using folk music
“作曲家们再现了这个国家的音乐宝藏。” 'composers voiced the musical treasures of the nation'.
在俄罗斯民歌主题序曲中，他取用了当时流行的歌曲“小白桦”作为素材。 In his overture he quotes a popular song of the time, 'The Little Birch Tree'.
大家找一下这种节奏... Everyone is playing...
都用这种感觉来表现， Everyone is playing the same rhythm.
弹出这种民间舞蹈的感觉来。 Give it the character of a folk dance.
当你来到白桦林， If you come to a birch grove,
你会感觉到白桦就是俄罗斯人的象征， you can feel what the birch means for Russians.
VITALY FEDKO (Folklorist 民俗学者) 是一种别的树没法传达的特殊感觉，纯净、高傲，还有这么点完美主义。 It's a special sensation no other tree gives something clean, lofty, ideal.
我想这就是俄罗斯精神的实质。 I'd say it's the essence of the Russian soul.
这就是为什么巴拉基列夫和柴可夫斯基会选用相同的旋律。 That's why Balakirev and Tchaikovsky both used the melody.
柴可夫斯基将其用在他的第四交响曲中。 Tchaikovsky used it in his 4th Symphony.
的确，他很可能也认为白桦和俄罗斯是一体的， Yes, maybe he was thinking of Russia and birch trees,
是这个国家的象征， one of those symbols of his country.
而且这个旋律非常优美。 And it's also a very very nice melody.
TCHAIKOVSKY (柴可夫斯基) F小调第四交响曲 Symphony NO.4
曲调纯朴自然，正像白桦树本是一样。 It's very simple in a way primitive, like the birch tree itself.
这个旋律并不古老， The tune isn't very old.
可能是起自18或19世纪， It probably comes from the 18th or 19th century.
是为冬日室内Khorovods舞蹈伴奏用的旋律。 It's a dance melody used for khorovods inside the house in Winter.
BALAKIREV (巴拉基列夫) 俄罗斯民歌主题序曲 Overture on Russian Themes
VALENTIN VORONOVSKY (Farmer 农户) 我是在集体农场出生长大的， I was born and raised on a collective farm.
前不久才退休。 Recently I retired.
我有三公顷的地， I have three hectares of land.
主要是养牛。 I cultivate it and keep cattle.
我和妻子、家人一块工作， I work with my wife and family.
生活可能会更好，但也可能差些。 Maybe life will get better, maybe worse.
生在这儿，也得死在这儿。 He who's born on the land must die on the land.
要是不干活的话就会一无所有了。 If you don't work, you get nothing.
乡村生活塑造了农民的性格， The type of Russian peasant formed by the country life,
这也正是陀思妥耶夫斯基和托尔斯泰所欣赏的， which was loved both by Dostoevsky and by Tolstoy,
努力干活、养儿育女， is based on idea of working hard, thinking about kids,
死后孩子又会过上相同的生活， dying and the kids will live by the same life.
就像是大自然的一部分。 It's like a part of nature.
或许正是这种生活方式催生了 Probably this life formed the Russian political system
如同乡村生活一样建立在传统权威上的俄国政治体系。 which is based, as village life, on authority.
所以19世纪，尤其是20世纪的俄罗斯 So the Russian history in 19th
实际上是独裁主义国家， and specially in the 20th century is a life of authoritarian state.
而农民则必须服从独裁的统治。 The peasants, they have to be authoritarian.
我想不只是俄罗斯，不少农业国家也是如此。 I think we can see it not only in Russia but in a lot of rural countries.
“悲伤时，我凝望着伏尔加河的银波，”巴拉基列夫曾写道： 'When I'm sad,' wrote Balakirev, 'I look at the silvery colour of the Volga,'
“聆听着篝火边纤夫们的伏尔加船歌。” 'and around the fires of the barge-haulers I listen to the Volga's songs.'
1860年，巴拉基列夫沿伏尔加河作了一次旅行， In 1860 he made a trip along the river
成为第一个在这里采集民歌的俄国作曲家， and was the first major Russian composer to collect folk music in the field.
以其中的三个旋律为素材，他创作了主题交响诗——《俄罗斯》。 From three tunes he collected, he composed his symphonic poem, 'Rus'.
BALAKIREV (巴拉基列夫) 俄罗斯交响诗 Symphonic poem, 'Rus'
自从1861年农奴制被废除， When serfdom was abolished in 1861.
艺术家们就开始对民族主题产生了兴趣： Artists became interested in folk motifs:
IRINA SHUVALOVA (Russian Museum 俄罗斯博物馆员) 开始关注平民生活，他们的苦难、骄傲，还有希望。 The life of ordinary people their suffering, their pride, their hopes.
画家、作曲家和作家， Painters, composers and writers,
许多俄罗斯的艺术家都把目光集中在了农民身上。 Russian artists were united in their interest in the peasants.
“在我之前，人们在此世代生活：如此的真切，” The people rise before me, in all their reality,
“如此的繁盛，纯然而质朴，从未被那些恶俗的衣饰所玷污。” huge, unvarnished with no tinsel trappings!
穆索尔斯基在给列宾（“巡回展览画派”的领袖人物）的信中这样写道。 So wrote Mussorgsky to Repin, the leader of the 'ltinerant' painters.
在宽广的象征着俄罗斯的伏尔加河岸边， The wide Volga was a symbol of the motherland.
是一群伏尔加河纤夫。 On the Volga (there are) a gang of barge-haulers.
列宾很尊敬这些人， Repin admired these people.
他描绘出了他们每个人的特征。 He painted their individual characteristics.
列宾用全新的方式描绘日常生活。 Repin depicted everyday life in a new way.
“巡回展览画派”的画家都很音乐化， The 'ltinerant' artists were very musical.
他们去听音乐会，去结识作曲家， They went to concerts, met composers.
当他们举办画展时， When the 'ltinerants' opened their exhibitions,
他们会聚在一起演唱民歌， they would get together to sing folksongs.
比如《致伏尔加》和《伏尔加船夫》， Songs like 'To the Volga' and 'The Volga Boatmen'.
那些著名的民歌时总少不了的。 That famous song was nearly always sung.
1870年，农民起义爆发， In the 1870s peasant protests started.
知识分子见识到了人民的力量， The intelligentsia felt the strength of the people.
也觉察到他们在社会结构中的重要性。 And their importance in the social fabric.
列宾写道：“此刻农民成为仲裁者...你开始描绘他的那些理想和抱负。” Repin wrote: 'Now the peasant is the judge... You've got to depict his aspirations'.
TCHAIKOVSKY (柴可夫斯基) F小调第四交响曲 Symphony NO.4
作曲家们觉察到了农民的动荡和他们对革命的热情。 Some composers found the peasant unrest and aspirations unsettling.
柴可夫斯基把这种社会主义的理想称为“无意义的理想国”， Tchaikovsky described such socialist ideals as 'a senseless utopia',
斥之为“对人性本质的扭曲”。 and 'discordant with the natural qualities of human nature'.
柴可夫斯基、巴拉基列夫和斯特拉文斯基都选用了相同的旋律。 Tchaikovsky, Balakirev and Stravinsky used the same melodies.
斯特拉文斯基实实在在地把握住了民歌的本质， Stravinsky really grasped the essence of folk music.
他的音乐充满着狂暴的能量。 His music contains that wild energy.
STRAVINSKY (斯特拉文斯基) 彼得鲁什卡 Petrushka
我还记得第一次听真正的乡间手风琴师演奏， I remember the first time I heard a real village accordionist.
那完全是斯特拉文斯基式的。 It was pure Stravinsky.
他奏出和弦并反复变奏， He took chords and moved them around.
调和着旋律与节奏。 He played with tonalities and rhythms.
我敢肯定斯特拉文斯基肯定听到过这个，这里蕴含着他的艺术风格。 I'm sure Stravinsky had heard this. That's the secret of his style.
俄罗斯的民风民俗是音乐的宝贵财富， Russian folklore is our musical wealth.
我想斯特拉文斯基确实最大限度的利用了这些， I think Stravinsky really made the best use of what was available there
从而攀上艺术的顶峰，成为一代宗师， to go to the top and become a Tsar, you know, of the music.
春之祭（La Sacre Du Printemps）就是他最好的作品 And 'Le Sacre' was the best army he led.
STRAVINSKY (斯特拉文斯基) 春之祭 The Rite of Spring
斯特拉文斯基将其描绘为“俄罗斯的异教图景”： 'Pictures of Pagan Russia' is how Stravinsky described.
“春之祭——异教徒庄严的礼祭——” 'The Rite of Spring' - a solemn, pagan rite.
“智慧的长者围坐一圈，注视着一位年轻姑娘跳舞至死。” Elders seated in a circle watching a young girl dance herself to death.
至今仍存在于俄罗斯部分地区的Kostroma舞蹈形式 The Kostroma ritual, which still survives in parts of Russia,
可能就是根源于类似的礼祭仪式。 could have its roots in something similar.
现在会有人偶来代替人， There's a doll which represents a person.
每个人祝福它，关爱它，赞美它， Everyone blesses it, loves it, exalts it.
然后人们会把它撕碎或淹溺以作为献祭。 Then they tear it apart or drown it. It's a sacrifice.
这是个象征永恒的人偶， This is an eternal doll.
我们向春天辞别，并把人偶献给丰收， We bid farewell to Spring and throw it into the harvest.
BABA LENA (Villager 村民) 把它撕碎以后，我们就重新开始干活。 We rip it to pieces and then begin work.
我们把它带到黑麦田里，在那里撕碎它。 We carry it to the rye field and rip it there.
俄罗斯的乡村不存在私有制， In the Russian village there was no private property.
绝大多数的土地都属于农民公社， The majority of the arable land belonged to the peasant commune.
所以俄国十月革命是俄罗斯历史的自然结果。 So the October Revolution was a natural result of Russian history.
社会主义制度基本原则所体现的平等的思想， The idea of equality, which was laying in the principles of Socialism,
一直都十分普及， was very popular in Russia always
我甚至可以说，至今仍然被数百万的俄罗斯民众所认可。 and I should say, still is among millions of Russians.
集体制农场和农民公社之间有着很大的差别， There was a big difference between collective farms and peasant communes.
但集体制农场在某种意义上也是公有制的， But the collective farms were collective in the sense
绝大多数农民平等的分担他们的贫困， that the vast majority of the peasants were equal in their poverty
也平摊那些辛苦的劳动。 and equal in the hard labour.
SHOSTAKOVICH (肖斯塔柯维奇) 降E大调第三交响曲，“五一” Symphony NO.3 "May Day"
我们对肖斯塔柯维奇的第三交响曲并没有那样深刻的印象， We're not so impressed with this 3rd Symphony of Shostakovich.
它听起来就像是机器的一部分，国家机器和铁腕统治。 It was expected that he will be part of the machine, state machine, iron rules.
我不得不承认这不是肖斯塔柯维奇最纯粹的作品， I have to say that it is not the most honest document from Dmitri Shostakovich
除非你认为他可能是想要故意描绘一些丑陋以及 unless you think that he maybe wanted to compose something ugly
扭曲的东西。 and something distorted.
比如生命。 Like life.
MIASKOVSKY (米亚科夫斯基) 降E小调第六交响曲 Symphony NO.6
米亚科夫斯基在上世纪20年代年完成了他的第六交响曲， Myaskovsky wrote his 6th Symphony in the 1920s.
其间有一场剧变更改了人们已经持续了数个世纪的生活方式。 There had been a change of a way of life that had existed for centuries.
那是与拥有悠久而迷人俄罗斯音乐的世界的辞别， It was a farewell to a world that had long mesmerised Russian music,
柴可夫斯基，巴拉基列夫，穆索尔斯基，斯特拉文斯基。 Tchaikovsky, Balakirev, Musorgsky, Stravinsky.
你能听到整个俄罗斯民族的悲叹， You hear the folk laments of central Russia.
听到无尽的忧伤和永别的悲恸。 I hear great sadness and a farewell.
农村当时满面疮痍，百废待兴， The countryside was in a disastrous state.
城市的人认为有必要重塑乡村的观念， For urban people, it was necessary to rehabilitate the idea of the countryside.
于是，他们创作了一系列的叙事电影。 That's why they created epic films.
当时有一部精彩的影片叫“库班河的哥萨克人”， There was a wonderful film, The Kuban Cossacks.
它是苏联当局针对于农村构建的一种虚幻图景。 It was a fictional Soviet view of the countryside.
他们意图用新的国家文化代替传统文化。 They attempted to replace traditional culture with state culture.
像那些著名的俄罗斯大合唱一类的东西， Things like the famous Russian state ensembles.
其实与俄罗斯传统文化丝毫没有联系。 They had no connection to Russian tradition.
来俄罗斯的游客都知道俄罗斯套娃一类的小玩意儿， Russian dolls and so on, these things are well-known to tourists in Russia.
但他们中很少有人知道什么才是真正的俄罗斯文化。 But few know there's real traditional culture.
它们在文化政治变革中幸存下来。 It has survived despite the cultural politics.
金秋与寒冬完全不同， Autumn is very different from Summer.
它是美轮美奂的自然之死。 It's the beautiful dying of nature.
然而秋天在俄罗斯传统文化中很少体现， Autumn is less reflected in Russian traditions.
因为人们在这个时候都在忙着收获。 Because people were busy with the harvest.
初秋是最美的时节， The beginning of Autumn is a beautiful time.
林子里仍然暖和而阳光明媚， The forest is still warm and light.
蘑菇也出现了。 And mushrooms appear.
蘑菇像是每个俄罗斯人的安全阀， Mushrooms are like a safety valve for every Russian.
能够给人一个暂时抛开工作，前往森林采集蘑菇、融入自然的机会。 A chance to leave work and go the forest, join with nature and gather mushrooms.
IRINA SOBOLEVA (Pianist 画家) 这是每个人都乐于享受的消遣。 It's a pleasant occupation everyone enjoys.
当你找到牛肝菌的棕色伞盖时， When you find the brown caps of boletus,
当你带回家慢慢一篮蘑菇时， When you take home a basket full of mushrooms,
是多么美妙的情景。 It's a beautiful sight.
MUSORGSKY (穆索尔斯基) 采蘑菇 Collecting Mushrooms
蘑菇，蘑菇，蘑菇， Mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms
我还年轻采得快， I am young and I collect them quickly
继父继母总抱怨， For my father in law and mother in law who are always complaining
我可怜的前夫呀： For you, my old husband
一篮子的毒蘑菇， A basket of poisonous mushrooms
吃的他就哽死了， He eats them and chokes
而你，我的金发爱人， But for you, my fair-haired lover
我会做张软草床， I'll make a soft grass bed
在这美丽的小床上， On this beautiful bed
我们共度良宵夜， We'll have a special night
在这树叶天棚下， Under a canopy of leaves
与你快乐去同房。 You'll sleep with a happy widow
20世纪俄罗斯得社会生活最突出的事件， The most prominent element of the social life of Russia
就是城市化的进展。 in the 20th century is the process of urbanisation.
正如马克思所讲的，在20世纪初， In the beginning of the 20th century there was,
俄罗斯的农村人口过剩， as Marx put it, rural over-population in Russia.
有87%的人口生活在乡村， Eighty seven percent of the population
只有13%居住在城市。 were living in the village and only thirteen in cities.
而到了20世纪末， At the end of the 20th century,
有差不多80%的人口都是出生在城市的， something like eighty percent of the population were born in the city.
只有20%的人生活在乡村。 Only 20 percent live in the country.
现在，在新的千禧年之初， And now, in the beginning of the new millennium,
乡村地区充斥着醉酒和贫困， the village is a country of drunkenness and poverty.
有不少老妪却绝少有年轻人， There is a lot of old women, very few young people.
所以在20世纪的始末， So, in the beginning of the 20th century,
乡村根本是两个不同的世界。 it was one country and in the end it is another country.
MUSORGSKY (穆索尔斯基) 死之歌舞 Songs and Dances of Death
一个婴孩在呜咽吟叹， A child moans
母亲推着摇篮整晚未眠， Rocking the cradle all night The mother hasn't slept
死亡在破晓时爬上了门槛， Early in the morning creeping to the door
敲门声回响不断， Death knocks
母亲战栗着向四周环看， The mother shudders and glances around
别害怕呀，我的伙伴。 Don't be frightened, my friend!
乡村里一片恐慌， What is happening in the villages is frightening.
VALERY KONAVALOV (Izvestia Journalist 消息报记者) 结果没有人再到田里干活。 The consequence is no one to work on the land.
没人干活了， The consequence is no one to work on the land.
就像现在看到的这样， Now we can see before us.
房屋荒废了， Ruined houses.
地里杂草丛生， Overgrown fields.
人们也离开了， People leaving.
这种趋势将一直持续，除非有人能解决这些问题。 And the trend will continue unless something is done about it.
我将带来永久平和的沉睡， I bring peaceful sleep
乖乖睡吧，小宝贝。 Hushaby baby!
我最近采访了Mikhail Gobachev (戈尔巴乔夫)， I spoke recently to Mikhail Gobachev.
他认为他在改革中所犯的最大的错误 He thinks his biggest mistake in perestroika,
是没有给与乡村生活足够的关注。 was not to pay enough attention to village life.
改革并未触及乡村， The reforms didn't touch the countryside.
那里依旧贫穷。 It stayed in the poor state it's always been in.
欧洲是建在石头上的，而俄罗斯则是木头建起的国家。 Europe is a country of stone, Russia is a country of wood.
欧洲从罗马时期开始就是着眼于城市的， In Europe from the beginning, from Rome, it was a country of cities.
正如现在的俄罗斯一样， So now Russia also is a country of cities
并且现在的俄罗斯或多或少的有着自由市场和民主政治， and more or less, in Russia we have free-market and some democracy.
这些使得那些热爱民主与自由经济的人， So these give us, those who want democracy and free-market,
对摆脱过去的专制统治， these give us a hope a country of citizens
成为国家的主人怀有一线希望。 who probably wouldn't go back to authoritarian regime.
田园式的生活可能正在复苏， There is the possibility of a rural revival.
精神意义上的回复已经开始， A spiritual revival has started,
教堂也重新开放。 churches are re-opening.
只要能够强化法律来增加农民收入， If laws to make agricultural work profitable were enforced.
乡村就能够留住更多的年轻人， It would keep young people in the villages.
搬到城里的人也会再回到乡村。 And it would bring back those who've gone to the cities.
俄罗斯与土地有着特殊的血缘，这是国家遗产的一部分。 Russians have a special link with the land. It's part of our national heritage.
MARTYNOV (马特耶诺夫) 格丽西亚之夜 Night in Galicia
莫斯科普罗科夫斯基乐团是第一支走出城市， Moscow's Pokrovsky Ensemble was the first to go out
回归真正的乡村音乐的乐团。 and re-connect with the real music of the countryside.
他们既演奏俄罗斯传统民歌， They perform both traditional Russian folk music
也表演那些从乡村传统中获得灵感的新作品。 and new music that is still inspired by the country's rural traditions.
我们演奏过马特耶诺夫的作品， Martynov has been on expeditions.
他本人也看过我们的演出， He's heard the music and how it's performed.
民歌在他的作品中有着难以置信的生机， In Martynov's music there's the incredible energy of folk music.
OLGA YUKYECHEVA (Pokrovsky Ensemble 普罗科夫斯基乐团成员) 正如同在斯特拉文斯基作品中一样。 Just as there is in Stravinsky.
格丽西亚之夜的影响越来越大， 'Night in Galicia' grows like a snowball.
他并非纯粹的民歌，而是现代作品， It's not pure folk music, it is contemporary.
它蕴含着多彩的世界文化，会让你流连忘返， The richness of our universe and our planet and our world culture is - keep it your way:
你会痴迷其中而再难遗忘。 You, keep it your way: And you, don't lose it either.
一旦失去它，我们就将陷入困境， Once we start to lose it we will be all in trouble.
正因为如此，我更加乐意去听富含我们民族文化的演出。 That's why I so welcome, when I hear there is some display of national culture.
这不是民族主义或者极端国家主义，也不是傲慢和过分自大， It's not nationalism, it's not fascism, it's not arrogance, it's not over ambitious.
而是人们不能忘记自己的身份。 People have to remember who they are.
柴可夫斯基刚好是俄罗斯人。 Tchaikovsky happened to be Russian.
但凡伟大的诗人、艺术家、作曲家， Great poets and great artists and great composers (subtitle from http://shooter.cn by SPlayer336
都被赋予力量去倾听和传递这些讯息。 they were given this power: To hear, to document and to pass to others. (subtitle from http://shooter.cn by SPlayer