数个世纪以来 谁要认为动物会说话 For centuries the thought that animals could talk,
会解决难题 solve problems...
她做到了 Aw, she's got it.
甚至能感受情感 Even feel emotion,
一直都被认为是在胡诌 was the stuff of fiction.
但是这些观念正在改变 But all that's changing.
我叫莉斯·波恩尼 是名科学家 I'm Liz Bonnin, a scientist who's been travelling the world,
我与世界各地的聪明的动物会面 meeting the planet's smartest animals.
从会滑滑板的狗 From skateboarding dogs,
到黑猩猩神童 to chimp geniuses.
我的最新发现是 I've discovered cutting-edge research...
这太荒唐了 This is ridiculous.
动物远比我们想象的聪明得多 That reveals animals are much more intelligent than we think.
但他们到底有多聪明呢 But how smart are they?
你一定会大为吃惊 Prepare to be astonished...
不可思议 Ha-ha! Amazing.
大享其乐 Entertained...
他想追着你 挠你痒痒 He wants to chase and tickle with you now.
我也想追着你 挠你痒痒 I want to chase and tickle with you too.
你看到刚才那一幕了吗 Did you see that?
甚至大受打击 And even outwitted...
因为你可能会被聪明的动物比下去 By some of the world's greatest animal minds.
找到爱因斯坦 Einstein.
我们喜欢爱因斯坦 他也喜欢你 We like Einstein. Einstein likes you too!'
小动物 大智慧 第一集
无论在酷寒的北极 Wherever you live, whether it's the frozen Antarctic...
还是炙热的沙漠 The baking desert...
抑或深海底部 Or the deepest ocean,
生存都是一项巨大的挑战 life can be a huge struggle.
动物如何应对这些难题 How do animals deal with the problems they face?
有些历经百万年 Some have evolved extraordinary physical solutions,
进化出了非凡生理手段 over millions of years.
另一些则完全依靠头脑和智慧 But others use their brains.
在过去的几年里 In the last few years,
科学家发现了令人难以置信的事 scientists have made an incredible discovery.
动物有可能在智商测试上胜过人类 An animal that can beat us in an intelligence test.
过去我认为这是不可能的 I didn't think it was possible.
直到我来到这里 Until I came here.
这里住着一些世界上最聪明的动物 Home to some of the smartest animals in the world.
不过这里并不是热带雨林 But it's not the jungle...
而是在日本 It's Japan.
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翻译：instante 呜哇喔 不悛熊 Cherry 觉棂 NoNopig HY·涅槃
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校对：Joanna TanKnoX 时间轴：宠物喵
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后期：鱼骨头 总监：TanKnoX
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日本京都大学所拥有的专家 Kyoto University is home to world-beating experts
在数量和记忆能力上均属世界一流 in numbers and memory.
我所指的不是科学家 And I don't mean the scientists.
而是黑猩猩 I'm talking about the chimps.
世上最智慧的动物或就在他们其中 Among them could be the world's greatest animal mind.
一位黑猩猩神童 A chimp child genius.
他叫小步 His name is Ayumu.
自出生起就在这所大学学习 He was born at the University, where he's studied ever since.
这项测试显示 In this test,
他已经掌握了数字前后顺序 he's already mastered the order of numbers.
对黑猩猩来说算不错的 Not bad for a chimp.
不过据说他的能力远不止如此 But I've heard he's capable of much more.
小步在五岁的时候 At five years of age,
已能胜过 Ayumu had already outclassed
给他设计智商题目的科学家了 the very scientists who had set him his intelligence tasks.
很明显 现年十一岁的他 And now, apparently, at 11,
所展现的记忆力绝技 he's performing feats of memory
人类根本无法做到 that humans simply find impossible.
这就是他擅长的测试 And here's the test at which he excels.
你有几秒钟时间来记住这些数字 You've got a few seconds to commit these numbers to memory
之后数字便会被遮住 before they're covered up.
你得记住数字的具体位置 The challenge is to remember where those numbers are
然后按顺序把数字指出来 and then recall them in the right order.
准备好了吗 Are you ready?
这绝非易事 It's definitely not easy,
但是请看小步的表现 but just watch Ayumu.
不到半秒 他就全记住了 He's memorising those numbers in less than half a second.
这真是太了不起了 That is really impressive.
他很快 但这绝不可能是碰运气 He is fast and there is no way he is doing this by accident.
要是他乱点一气 I mean to stumble across the right answer he'd have
成功的几率只有36万多分之一 one in 362,000 chance of getting it right.
他根本不费吹灰之力 It looks absolutely effortless.
小步的这一技能很特殊 Ayumu's skills are special.
但在野外世界 动物照样能证明 But in the wild, animals are also proving
他们比人类所认为的要聪明得多 they're much more intelligent than we ever thought.
我来到了阿拉斯加 I've come to Alaska,
找寻世上最聪明的动物之一 to find one of the biggest brains on the planet.
他们随时可能冒出水面 Any minute now they're going to hit the surface.
转过头去 Turn your head.
座头鲸 Humpback whales.
在阿拉斯加 Here in Alaska,
这群座头鲸用一套聪明的办法捕鱼 just a small group of them use their brains to catch fish
这种做法在世上绝无仅有 in a way seen nowhere else on Earth.
几周后 他们将启程洄游到三千英里外 In just a few weeks, they'll set off on a 3,000-mile trip
他们的繁衍地去 to their breeding grounds.
旅途中 每头重达30吨的鲸鱼 But to survive the journey, every one of these 30-tonne mammals
需要捕食大约一百万条鱼 needs to catch around a million fish.
食物需求量如此之巨 And catching that much food,
必须依靠智慧和协作来完成 takes brains and teamwork.
这些大家伙单干是不行的 These guys could never catch so many fish on their own.
他们得互相合作 They've got to work together.
要达成协作 And to be able to work together,
需要一定的智力 you've got to use your intelligence.
但他们的独特之处 But it's not just working as a team
可不止团队合作那么简单 that makes these animals so special.
他们潜下去了 Off they go.
一头紧跟着另一头 One by one.
他们的独特之处在于水下作业 they're all making when they're down there.
他们一齐钻入水中 Together they dive down.
其中一头一边绕着猎物画圈 One whale circles the prey,
一边从喷水口吐出气泡 letting out a chain of bubbles from its blowhole, in a wide arc.
另一头鲸鱼潜到猎物下方 Another whale swims below the fish,
发出捕食的叫声将它们赶向水面 frightening the prey upwards with a feeding call.
鲸鱼以气泡为墙 With this circular wall of bubbles,
凭空编织出一张渔网 the whales have essentially made a fishing net out of thin air.
这群非凡的鲸鱼 This right here...
是地球上借用工具捕食的团队之一 is one of the most impressive tool-using social groups on the planet.
信不信由你 Believe it or not,
这张气泡渔网非常有效 the bubble net is actually a very effective tool.
只有通过使用这张网 And it's only by using it
每头座头鲸每天才能捕捉半吨鱼 that each of these humpback whales can catch almost 0.5 tonne of fish every day.
要花很多心思才能做到这一切 That's what happens when you put your mind to it.
科学家一度认为 会利用工具 Scientists once believed that using tools
是人类与动物的区别所在 set humans apart from other animals.
可惜我们其实没那么独特 But we're not as special as we thought.
上世纪60年代 Chimps were first spotted
人们首次发现黑猩猩能使用工具 using tools in the 1960s,
从那时起 but since then
世界各地都发现了使用工具的动物 we've noticed animal tool-users all over the world.
这些拳击蟹手持有毒海葵 These boxer crabs pick up poisonous anemones,
不断挥舞以吓跑捕食者 waving them to scare off attackers.
位于厄瓜多尔
加拉帕戈斯群岛上的雀鸟 Finches in the Galapagos
利用小木条把蛆从腐木中剔出 use sticks to winkle grubs from rotting wood.
还有美洲水獭 And sea otters in America
通过敲击放在腹部的石头打开贝壳 crack shells against stones on their stomachs.
真是令人惊叹 These animals are impressive
可这种本领是动物后天习得的 but are they thinking things through,
还是只是种本能 or is it just instinct?
动物们是否有能力解决意想不到的困难 Can animals solve an unexpected problem
解决那些他们几代都没遇到过的问题 they haven't had generations to perfect?
想要做到这一点 To be able to do that,
他们需要迸发出思维的火花 they'd need a blinding flash of inspiration...
那就是灵光一现的时刻 A Eureka moment.
对研究智力的科学家来说 These "Eureka" moments are incredibly important
"灵光一现"极其重要 to the scientists who study intelligence
因为它表明 because it shows
动物的大脑 比我们想象的复杂得多 that something much more complex is going on up here.
现在 我要向大家介绍一种动物 Now, I'm here to show you an animal that, like us,
他同我们一样聪慧 也会灵光闪现 might just be capable of these moments of true insight.
这里是德国莱比锡动物园 This is Leipzig Zoo in Germany.
猿是科学家们亲密的合作伙伴 Scientists work closely with the apes here,
他们会接受一些看似很简单的测试 and are setting some deceptively simple experiments,
以此证明猩猩可以同人类一样聪慧 which prove that orang-utans can be as ingenious as humans.
在这次的实验中 In this challenge,
一个美味的花生被放置在管底 a tasty peanut is placed at the bottom of a tube.
管子太深了 手指根本够不到 It's too far for fingers to reach,
管子也用螺栓固定在围栏上 and the tube is bolted securely to the bars.
他们面对的只有一支塑料管和一个花生 They're just presented with a tube and a peanut.
他们需要开动自己的大脑才能拿到花生 They need to use their intelligence to figure the problem out.
为了看看人类是如何解决这一问题的 To find out how humans approach the problem,
我们对公园的游客们也进行了类似的实验 we set up a similar experiment for the visitors at the zoo.
免费糖果
看这里 免费糖果等你拿 There you go, free sweets up for grabs.
只要你能把它从管子里取出来 All you've got to do is get them out of the tube.
我们把所有需要的物品放在旁边 We placed everything needed within reach.
但没有一个人 But not one human,
无论是大人还是孩子 child or adult,
能"灵光一现" 解决难题 had a Eureka moment.
首次接触这个实验的达卡娜和她的孩子 So what happened the first time this orang-utan, Dakana,and her baby,
是怎么应对这个挑战的呢 were given this challenge?
达卡娜灵光一现 In a moment of genius
她用嘴把饮水池的水注入到管子中 Dakana takes water from her drinking fountain
利用水的浮力让花生漂到嘴边 and uses it, to float the peanut to within reach.
一个接着一个 几乎这里所有的猩猩 One after another almost every orang-utan here
都能自己解决这个难题 was able to solve this problem by themselves.
成功了 她拿到了花生 Result! She gets the peanut.
从来没有人教过猩猩这么做 Nobody's ever shown orang-utans how to do this.
告诉他们可以利用水使液面上升 You know, if you raise the level of something using water,
这种工具甚至不是固体 而是液体 not even a solid tool, but a liquid tool,
你可以得到食物奖励 you can get your food reward.
这完全是他们自己想出来的 They figured this out by themselves.
太不可思议了 That's amazing.
动物们为何如此擅长解决这些难题呢 How do animals become so good at solving unexpected problems?
一部分原因是 动物会提前计划 It helps to be able to think into the future,
作长远打算 and to plan ahead.
恐怕只有这种动物 And living in the grounds of a Hawaiian hotel
才能把家安在夏威夷酒店的庭院里 is an animal that looks like he can.
他就是夜鹭 工作人员叫他汉克 A night heron. The staff call him Hank.
他的家是个应有尽有的度假村 His home is an all-inclusive resort,
食物完全由人类扔给他们 where food is literally thrown at you.
汉克经常抢不过体型较大的天鹅 Hank often loses out to the larger swans.
可当他终于得到一些食物 But when he finally grabs some food,
他会做出完全出乎意料的举动 he does something completely unexpected.
他并不吃这些食物 He doesn't eat it.
而是酝酿了一个计划 But instead, appears to have a plan.
汉克叼起了面包 Hank takes the bread.
把它放在水中 He places it in the water...
然后耐心等待 And he waits.
他随时都可以吃掉它 He could eat it at any time.
可他继续等待更多的鱼上钩 But he holds out for more.
一口两条鱼 Two fish, in a single mouthful.
提前计划势必收效颇丰 Planning ahead certainly pays off.
汉克同样明白诱饵的重要性 And Hank has learned how valuable his bait is.
没必要浪费在吃不掉的大鱼身上 There's no point wasting it on fish too big for him to eat.
因此 他把诱饵拿开了 So, he takes it out of harm's way.
越来越多的证据表明一些动物能提前计划 There's increasing evidence that some animals can plan ahead,
这种能力让他们非常善于处理问题 which makes them fantastic problem-solvers.
但积累所需的知识是要花时间的 But it takes time to build up the knowledge that you need,
一个简单的实验会告诉我们 and a simple experiment can demonstrate
动物是如何学习的 how animals learn.
管子里漂浮着一枚红色小圆币 Floating in this tube is a little red token.
挑战的内容就是拿到它 And the challenge is to get it out.
管口太小 手根本伸不进去 Now, the tube is too narrow for your hand to fit in,
可有些小工具能帮到我们 but there are things that can help.
比如这些黄色的小球 它们事实上很沉 Like these yellow balls, that are actually quite heavy,
而这些蓝色的小球轻如羽毛 and these blue ones that are light as a feather.
孩子们如何应对这个考验呢 So, how will children cope with this test?
这个五岁的孩子把所有的球都扔了进去 This five year old throws everything in.
她得知可以利用这些小球 她就照做了 She's been told she can use the balls and she does,
全用了 all of them.
可当孩子稍大一些 他们就会试验 But as they get older, kids experiment.
这个六岁的孩子在分别试了几个球后 This six-year-old tries a few of each
决定使用那些重的小球 before settling on the heavy ones.
她发现只有重的小球能使液面上升 She notices that only those that sink raise the water level.
而这个七岁的孩子甚至在行动之前 And at seven, this child knows enough about floating and sinking
就已经明白了问题的关键 沉浮原理 to solve the problem in her head before she's even started.
这些掌握诀窍的孩子从未选错过小球 These kids, with know-how, never make a wrong choice.
但我们只有通过反复实验 But it's only through trial and error,
才能获取需要的知识 that we get the knowledge we need
来最终解决一个新问题 to eventually solve new problems.
知识源于经验 And that comes with experience.
为了弄清楚动物是否也用同样的方式学习 To find out if other animals learn in the same way,
我准备对一种和我们 I'm going to give the same experiment
截然不同的物种进行相同的测试 to a completely different species.
这种鸟类十分聪明 An animal that belongs to a group of birds so smart,
它们甚至被称为"会飞的猿" they've even been called "Feathered apes".
这是松鸦 This is a jay.
它隶属乌鸦家族 A member of the crow family
桥大学正在研究该种族 studied here at Cambridge University.
像孩子一样 他已经发现 Like the children, it's worked out that
通过放石子可以让液面升高 dropping stones into the water can raise the level,
吃到了美味的小虫 so it can reach a tasty worm.
但如果实验的难度和孩子一样 But what happens when it's given
结果又会怎样呢 the same experiment as the children?
我们知道石子会让液面上升 We know that stones will raise the water level,
而软木不会 and floating cork won't.
可松鸦知道吗 But does the jay?
松鸦先放了一颗石子 The jay starts with a sinking stone...
然后放了一个软木 But then uses a cork.
接下来的一步至关重要 What happens next is crucial.
松鸦有没有意识到自己的错误呢 Has the jay learned from its mistake?
它明白了 It has.
在错误地用了一个软木后 After using one piece of useless cork
它接下来只放石子 it went on to use only stones.
松鸦解决问题的方法与孩子们如出一辙 The jay solves the problem in the same way children do,
通过试验来判断哪种东西 by noticing what brings the food closer
可以帮助它更接近食物 through trial and error.
研究表明这种鸟类同七岁孩子的 Studies show that these birds perform at the same level
表现水平相当 as a seven-year-old child.
成功了 Got it!
在自然环境中 类似于这种的测试 In the wild, it's experimenting like this
给了动物们锻炼和学习的机会 which gives animals an opportunity to learn.
但要让动物学会更多 还需其他条件 But to learn a lot, animals need something else.
即长时间的试验 The time to experiment.
这是位于洛杉矶的威尼斯海滩 This is Venice Beach, Los Angeles.
而这位是蒂尔曼 And this is Tillman.
蒂尔曼完全不用为自己的生计操心 Tillman is an animal with every basic need catered for,
因此 他拥有大把大把的时间 which means he has a lot of free time on his hands.
再加上狗狗与生俱来的热情与好奇 Mix that with his puppy-like enthusiasm,
他简直是集众多有利于学习的因素于一身 and you have a powerful combination for learning.
这令他拥有了一项特殊的才能 And that has resulted in a unique talent.
在人类诞生了20万年之后 It took us 200,000 years after the dawn of humanity
我们才意识到轮子似乎可以为己所用 before we realised wheels might be a good idea.
而蒂尔曼仅用了几分钟便灵光一现 Tillman's Eureka moment came in minutes.
这看上去似乎是经过训练的狗在耍把戏 Tillman may look like a trained dog doing tricks,
但事实上 从未有人教过蒂尔曼滑滑板 but he was never taught to do this.
我并不会因此而奖赏他 There's no treats involved,
可他就是热衷于此 it's just a passion that he has.
而且滑得越快他就越高兴 The faster he goes the happier he is.
蒂尔曼用他的业余时间掌握了一项 Tillman has used his free time to master something
从未有动物涉足过的技能 completely alien to the animal world,
而这在生物进化史上 只是短短的一瞬 in a blink of an evolutionary eye.
每次我带他出去玩滑板 He invents new moves and he does things that blow my mind
他都会创造很多新玩法 令我大开眼界 every time I take him out practising.
值得注意的是 蒂尔曼能做到的事 The important point here is that what's true for Tillman,
野生动物一样可以做到 also applies to animals in the wild.
那些寿命较长 成长得较慢的动物 Those that live long lives and take longer to grow up
拥有更多的时间去进行学习 have more time to learn...
也因此而变得更加聪明 and get smarter.
谁要是认为蒂尔曼一点都不聪明 The people that think he's not intelligent
那他一定是疯了 are out of their mind.
笨狗是学不会玩滑板的 You can't be a stupid dog and figure that out.
动物们拥有参与试验的时间 Having time on your hands to experiment
这为它们提供了学习的良机 gives animals an opportunity to learn.
可要想将经验转化为知识 But it takes one more thing
则还需另一个条件 to turn experiences into knowledge.
倘若在实践之后 你便一忘皆空 If you can't remember what you've done,
那么你等于什么都没有学到 you haven't learned a thing.
因此记忆力至关重要 Memory is key.
有一种动物为我们揭示了记忆力的重要性 And one animal can show us how important memory is.
新闻简报 《登陆日信鸽之授勋仪式》
《帕泰公报》独家报道
在两次世界大战中 Nearly half a million pigeons
约有五十万只信鸽参与了战争 served in our two world wars,
它们负责传递重要的情报 carrying vital messages,
因为当时其他形式的情报系统全部中断 when other forms of communication proved impossible.
在极短的时间内 鸽子便飞回来了 In a remarkably short time the bird returns
并将情报带了回来 with its message to the home loft.
它们从敌后深处带来情报 From deep behind enemy lines.
从急需救援的坠机飞行员处传回信息 From downed aircrews needing rescue.
鸟儿竟为人造飞行器提供了帮助 Real wings have come to the aid of mechanical ones.
无论是面对恶劣的天气还是敌军的炮火 Braving all weathers, and enemy fire,
信鸽都毫无惧色地努力飞回家中 these birds struggled home.
一只名叫"大兵"的传信鸽 A carrier pigeon by the name of G. I. Joe
拯救了伦敦第56师中的部分官兵 saved units of the 56th London Division.
人们为其授予勋章 以表彰其英勇无畏 They even earned medals for their bravery.
尽管如此 And for all that,
它在某些人眼中只不过是只鸽子 to some folk, he's still just a pigeon.
它们的确只是区区鸽子而已 They may be just pigeons,
可它们良好的方向感拯救了上千人的生命 but their navigating skills saved thousands of lives.
它们到底是如何做到的 却无人知晓 But no one knew exactly how they did it.
近70年过去 科学家依然在寻找答案 70 years on, science is still unravelling the mystery.
这些鸽子接下来 These pigeons are preparing
将迎接有生以来最严峻的脑力挑战 for the biggest mental challenge of their lives.
四个月前 它们才刚刚破壳而出 Four months ago, they hadn't even hatched.
而今天 它们就要在 But today, they're competitors
英国最具权威性的鸽子大赛中一展身手了 in one of Britain's most prestigious pigeon races.
它们从距家约322公里的 They're released 200 miles from home,
陌生地区出发 from a place they've never seen.
而最聪敏的鸟儿 But the best bird brain
能够在几小时内找到回家的路 will find its way back in just a few hours.
获胜的鸽主人将获得2万英镑奖金 Winning its owner a 20,000 pound prize.
鸽子如何辨识方向 大家对此各持己见 Everyone seems to have a theory on how they do it.
有人认为这与太阳有关 Some say related to the sun.
是不是它们的脑袋中有磁性物质 Some sort of magnet in their heads,
或者其他什么类似的东西 是吗 summat like that, is that it, or what?
我也不太清楚 We don't know.
我觉得永远也不会有人能弄明白 I don't think anybody will ever know
而这其实才是这项活动的魅力所在 and that is the beauty of the sport, really.
我第一次见到鸽子的时候才九岁 I were nine-year-old when I had me first one,
可当时不明白的事 我现在还是不明白 and I knows as much about them now as I did then.
为了寻求一些更具科学性的解释 For a slightly more scientific explanation,
我们找到了杰里米·戴维斯寻求帮助 we've enlisted the help of this man, Jeremy Davis.
受这些参赛鸽子的主人之托 He raised every pigeon in the race,
他亲手养大了这些鸽子 on behalf of the owners.
杰里米与来自牛津大学的科学家们一起 Jeremy teamed up with scientists from Oxford University
于12周前开始训练这些出生不久的鸽子 and began to train the newly-fledged chicks 12 weeks ago.
研究人员对雏鸽的第一次飞行 And the researchers recorded
进行了记录 the young pigeons' very first training flight.
这个跟踪器每隔一秒 The tracker is getting a...
就会传回鸽子当前的位置 getting the position once every second.
通过它 我们就能知道 It tells us exactly where the pigeons go
这些鸽子的回家路线 on their entire flight home.
这是雏鸽第一次自己寻找回家的路 It's the first time they've had to find their way home.
其实他们一眼就可以望见他们的家了 But from here they can practically see where they live.
这里离鸽巢仅8千米 如果他们径直飞 It's a straight five miles
用不了10分钟 就能到家了 that should take less than 10 minutes.
那么 这只鸽子放飞之后 So why, when they released one pigeon,
它的归途究竟为何如此曲折呢 did its route home look like this?
很明显 它简直是一头雾水 It's clear it had no idea where it was going.
飞行的距离远超8千米 竟达64千米 It didn't fly five miles, it flew 40.
这项试验证明 What this proves is that
鸽子的方向感并非与生俱来 navigation doesn't come naturally to pigeons.
相反 这是它们必须学习的技能 It's something they have to learn.
杰里米的任务就是帮助它们 And it's Jeremy's job to help.
他无法替代鸽子去参加比赛 He can't fly the race for them,
但他却可以为鸽子提供学习的机会 but he can give them the opportunities to learn.
在接下来的12个星期中 Over the next 12 weeks,
他将鸽子带到离家越来越远的地方放飞 he releases them further from home.
而后 便如"望子成龙"的父亲一般 And, like a proud father,
等待着它们的归来 waits for their return.
他下的这番苦功究竟能否 But has all his efforts turned
将这群新生力量训练成 those hopeless new recruits
能够救人于危难中的识途小英雄呢 into the navigating heroes that once saved lives?
大赛迫在眉睫 With just a few days to go before the big race,
只能再进行最后一次飞行训练了 there's time for one last training flight.
来自牛津大学的专家再次莅临 Our experts from Oxford return,
将GPS定位系统绑在了鸽子身上 to attach their GPS trackers.
杰里米最后一次为鸽子做了检查 And Jeremy gives the birds a final once-over.
鸽笼编号 鸽子编号 定位器编号
它们的身体状况极佳 Physically, they're perfect.
那么它们是否也准备好展示聪明才智了呢 But are they ready mentally?
等到定位数据全部下载好之后 It's only when the data's downloaded
研究员才能知道鸽子到底有没有长进 that they'll know what, if anything, they've learnt.
聪明的鸟儿
它们的家在出发点南面的48千米处 From their launch point, home is 30 miles due south.
杰里米养的鸽子踌躇满志地出发了 Jeremy's pigeons confidently head off...
但却南辕北辙 in the wrong direction.
可它们很清楚自己要做什么 But they know what they're doing.
先飞往最近的市镇 They fly to the nearest town.
一路沿着公路与河流飞翔 直到交叉口 Follow a road and river to a roundabout.
随后又飞越了一处宿营地 And over a campsite,
那里一排排的拖车在几千米外都能看得见 whose rows of caravans are visible for miles.
在多次飞行训练中 They've used their training flights
它们在脑中绘出并记下了这一区域的地图 to map the area and memorise it.
而有了头脑中这张地图的帮助 And with that mental map
它们便可沿着显眼的地标一路飞回家去 they can follow these obvious landmarks all the way home.
这些鸽子之所以能够在今天参加大赛 It's thanks to memory that these pigeons
多亏了它们的好记性 are ready for race day.
就算在离家很远的地方 When they're far from home,
鸽子也有方法认路 pigeons do have other tricks to help them.
它们利用太阳 磁场 They use the sun, magnetic fields,
甚至气味 and even smell.
但是在分秒必争的竞赛中 But in the crucial closing moments of a race,
绝不允许有丝毫的偏差 when accuracy is everything,
记忆力帮助鸽子获得两万块的巨奖 memory helps a pigeon win a 20,000 pound prize.
-获胜者是 -葛雷博斯·格林和库珀 - And the winner is... - Gribbles Glen and Cooper.
真不敢相信 Can you believe that!
超强的记忆力让鸽子 Memory is what's turned the learning opportunities
将杰里米培训的知识学以致用 Jeremy gave the pigeons into real know-how.
本片开头我们看到了动物使用工具 We've seen how animals can use tools.
再看到了灵机一动解决问题 Solve problems with a flash of inspiration.
甚至设计圈套 And plan ahead.
还有动物通过反复学习 We've also seen how they learn, by having the time
并带着热情努力尝试 and enthusiasm to try things out.
以及怎样通过记忆力 And how a great memory
将所有的经历转变成实际知识 can turn all that experience into know-how.
但这些还不能完全证明你真的聪明绝顶 But you do need another ingredient to make you really smart,
就像爱因斯坦说过 something that Einstein himself said
比知识更重要的东西 was more important than knowledge,
就是想象力 and that's imagination.
有了创造力 你就能把所学的东西 By being creative, you can put everything that you've learnt
变为实际 into practice.
创造力是与人类不可分割的一部分 Creativity is an important part of being human.
但是没人想过动物也具有如此特点 But no-one believed it was a skill we shared with other animals.
直到我们开始研究海豚 Until, we began to study dolphins.
在洪都拉斯 海豚被训练接受指示 Dolphins here in Honduras have been taught signals
包括跳跃 翻跟头 还有其它特技 for leaps, somersaults and other acrobatics.
准备好啦 OK, here we go, ready...
开始 Go, go, go!
很好 Yes!
"走"得还真长 Oh, that was a long one!
这些动物显然已经掌握 These animals obviously understand
识别人类的意图 what they're being asked to do,
但是我们怎么知道 but how can we tell
它们是否只是在现学现卖呢 they're not just trained animals performing tricks?
你可以训练动物做差不多任何事情 You can train an animal to do almost anything.
但是怎么考察它们是否有创造力 But how do you test for something like creativity?
这些海豚还能识别另外一种信号 Well, there's another sign these dolphins respond to,
这涉及到一种更复杂的概念 which refers to a much more complicated concept.
训练员可以使用各种方式来表达 The trainers could have picked any gesture to symbolise it.
但是他们觉得这种才是最合适的方式 But they thought this was appropriate
表示他们希望的想法 for what they hoped to reveal.
我一点没开玩笑 I'm being deadly serious.
这个特别的动作 表示"创造" This is a very special sign, because it means "Create",
当海豚看到这个动作 and when the dolphins see it,
它们就得运用想象力 they've got to use their imagination
用一种独特的方式表达出来 and come up with an original behaviour.
你们准备好了吗 OK, you guys ready?
这个结果具有重要科学意义 This signal was a scientific breakthrough.
因为研究人员可以借以测量一种 Because it allowed scientists to measure something
超乎人们想象的动物技能 animals weren't meant to have,
创造力 creativity.
哦 罗尼 Oh, Ronnie!
这个就是罗尼 This is Ronnie.
当它看到这个动作 When he sees this sign
它得创造一套自己的动作 he has to dream up his own routine.
好了 开始 OK, here we go.
可以是它以前学到的 或是全新的东西 It could be something he's learned or something entirely new.
关键是它必须要有创造性 But crucially, he has to be creative,
想办法让每次的动作不一样 and come up with something different every single time.
这样就对了 你越来越有创造力了 That's more like it, you're getting more creative.
但是海豚的本事远不止这些 But dolphins can do even more.
这两位是创新团队的成员 These two are part of a creative team.
慢点 Now slow down.
高级训练员苔莉 Head trainer Terri
指导它们一起同步创新 gives the command to get creative...together.
它们总能共同决定怎样完成任务 Somehow, between them, they decide what they're going to do.
并且所有动作保持一致 And they stay synchronised.
没人知道它们是怎么做到的 No-one knows how they do this.
但这绝不是训练的结果 It's something they were never trained to do.
很好 Very good.
在野外 动物的创造力这一才能 In the wild, creativity is a talent that allows animals
发挥得更加淋漓尽致 to put on much more than a good show.
只要你掌握了基本技巧 Once you've got the know-how,
额外的创造力会让你 creativity is the extra ingredient you need
成为一名解决问题专家 to become a fantastic problem-solver.
在加拿大沿海 And floating just off the Canadian coast
有一种动物向我们展示聪明才智 is an animal that can show us how.
他来了 Here he is.
这是史蒂夫 他是个捕蟹的渔民 Steve, a crab fisherman.
准备工作很简单 The basics are simple.
把饵料放到笼子里 Put some bait in a pot.
再把笼子沉到水中 Let it sink.
坐下来 Sit back.
等着螃蟹自动上钩 And wait for crabs to wander in.
史蒂夫很清楚大多数甲壳动物都很笨 Steve knows that most crustaceans lack common sense.
一旦进入网中就爬不出来了 Once inside the trap they can't get out.
其实出口就在眼前 The exit is obvious enough to us,
只是这些动物头脑简单就是看不到 but some animals just aren't born with much in the way of brains.
所以这里的海底 Which explains why the sea floor here
就像螃蟹的墓地 looks like a crab graveyard.
这个洞穴的主人 This cave is home
是个比史蒂夫还高明的捕蟹高手 to a much more creative crab fisherman than Steve.
它看上去没什么了不起的 The animal living here shouldn't really be a problem.
它的亲近都是鼻涕虫 蜗牛和蛤蜊 Its closest relatives are slugs, snails and clams.
它就是大块头的太平洋章鱼 It's a giant Pacific octopus.
这个动物有个天生的优势 An animal with one huge advantage.
就是聪明的大脑 An enormous brain.
事实上 它三分之二的脑细胞 In fact, two thirds of its brain cells,
或者说神经细胞 都延伸到触手上 or neurons, extend into its tentacles.
第一步是包围猎物 Plan A is to smother the prey.
但是笼子挡着似乎不太好办 With the metal trap in the way, it's not too successful.
这时候聪明的大脑就派上用场了 But that huge brain helps the octopus to get creative
它想到了一个绝妙的主意 and to think up a dramatically different strategy.
一旦进了笼子 猎物就手到擒来了 Once inside, it's an easy meal.
但这也可能变成最后的晚餐 But it could be its last.
进入笼子容易 Breaking in was easy.
但章鱼能发现螃蟹看不到的东西 But the octopus can do something crabs find impossible.
这就是被章鱼偷袭后的场景 A sure sign that an octopus has struck.
一堆螃蟹壳 A trail of empty shells...
和一个气坏了的渔民 And a frustrated fisherman.
有什么办法 What can I say?
这些具有创造力的技能 These creative, problem-solving skills
让章鱼从无脊椎动物中脱颖而出 set octopus apart from all other invertebrates.
也让它们占尽了便宜 It's the reason they can take advantage of new opportunities,
甚至人类都拿它们没有办法 and the challenges that we create for them.
有证据显示 动物面临的生存挑战越大 And there's new evidence that the more challenges animals face,
他们就越聪明 the more intelligent they become.
在美国内华达州 Here in Nevada,
这种北美最常见的鸟类告诉我们 one of America's most common birds is teaching us
环境越艰苦 它们越聪明 that the harder life is, the better it is for their brains.
就是它 高山山雀 This is it - the mountain chickadee.
在美国 山雀是很常见的 In the USA, you're never far from a chickadee.
无论在哪里 它们的外貌都没有差别 They look the same wherever you go.
但是当研究者们开始研究 But when researchers studied chickadees
国内各地的山雀时 across the States,
他们发现不同地区的山雀 they found that different habitats
智商也不相同 result in varying levels of intelligence.
在恶劣环境下生长的山雀 These harsh environments
智商往往更高 can in fact produce smarter chickadees.
这个简单的小测试就可以证明这一点 And this simple challenge can prove the point.
每个玻璃片下面都放有美味的食物 Under every one of these glass discs is a tasty grub.
你可以看到它们 You can see them,
但要移动玻璃才可以吃到 but you can only reach them by removing the glass.
下面由两只外貌相同的黑顶山雀来比赛 Competing, two identical-looking black-capped chickadees.
它们从小就被抓来 一起长大 They were raised together in captivity,
但它们的家族来自不同的地区 but their families came from very different places.
左边的是来自优秀山雀之家 On the left, a contender from Kansas,
堪萨斯的选手 the lap of chickadee luxury.
它的家乡气候宜人 食水充足 A pleasant climate with plenty of food.
而右边是从北方来的选手 On the right, a bird from the north.
它的家族位于雪国阿拉斯加 Battered by blizzards,
经受着暴雪冰雹的洗礼 his family suffered for generations in icy Alaska.
计时开始 The clock is ticking.
哪只会得到高分呢 Who will get the highest score?
答案毫无争议 No contest.
南方小雀毫无头绪 The southern softy doesn't even know where to start.
然而来自艰险之地 But to the bird whose family faced
阿拉斯加的山雀 the harsh environment of Alaska,
却不费吹灰之力 working out how to remove a piece of glass
就找到了移动玻璃片的方法 presents no problem at all.
这个简单的任务完全难住了南方小鸟 It's a simple task completely beyond the southern bird.
鸟类会继承它们种族的技能 The birds have inherited these skills from their families.
这是它们的染色体决定的 It's in their DNA.
当山雀居住在条件艰苦的地方时 And chickadee brains are bigger and better
它们的大脑也将更大 更强 because of the challenging environments they live in.
这就提供了一种有趣的可能性 This opens up an intriguing possibility.
如果生存环境能让物种更聪明 If your environment can make you smarter,
那么只要提供正确的环境 animals may have the potential for even
动物们也许有潜力变得更聪明 greater intelligence, given the right circumstances.
我们会教育子女 We educate our children.
如果我们也教育动物 又会如何 What would we discover if we educated animals?
智多星大比拼
有请下一位选手 And our next contender, please.
金鱼小金 Goldie, the goldfish,
你有一分钟时间展示你的智慧 预备起 you have one minute on animal intelligence, starting...now.
动物中脑子最大的是哪个 Which animal has the largest brain of any animal,
不论是否灭绝 living or extinct?
抹香鲸 正确 Sperm whale, correct.
哪面旗代表伊万·巴甫洛夫所在国家 Which of these flags represents the country of Ivan Pavlov,
他以对犬类胃功能的研究 whose research into the gastric function of dogs
对条件反射概念有所贡献 led him to develop the concept of the conditioned reflex?
没错 就是现代俄国 Yes, that is the modern Russian flag.
达尔文在英国皇家海军舰艇 Observations made by Charles Darwin
小猎犬号上的研究揭示了... onboard HMS Beagle helped formulate...
这题已经开始读了 就做完吧 I've started so I'll finish.
但舰长质疑达尔文 不让他登舰同行 But Darwin's place onboard was questioned by the captain,
这疑心是由于他身体的哪个部位 who was troubled by which part of Darwin's body?
有答案吗 Any ideas?
没错 是达尔文的鼻子 Correct, it was Darwin's nose, the shape of which
他觉得他鼻子的形状说明他缺乏精力和决心 he believed indicated "a lack of energy and determination".
那么小金到底是不是一个智多星呢 So is Goldie really a mastermind?
其实不是 Well, no.
我们教它去追随喂食棒里面的食物 We taught him to follow the food in this feeding wand.
就是这样 There you go.
但是教它时 But teaching him has revealed
我们也对它的大脑有所发现 something more about his mind.
人们认为金鱼只有三秒记忆 People think goldfish have only got a three-second memory,
但即使只是学习这种简单的事情 but even learning this simple association proves
需要的记忆力也不只是三秒 that it's got to be longer than that.
借此我们又能如何更了解动物呢 So what else can we learn about animals in this way?
你可以训练他们做任何事 You can train them to do just about anything,
但能表现出他们的智商吗 but can it reveal more about their intelligence?
如果我们继续训练动物 What hidden abilities could we uncover
还能发现他们隐藏的什么能力呢 if we educated animals?
禁止通行 研究进行中 请安静
我们已经见识过动物们 We've seen how they use their brains
在野外用智慧解决问题 to solve problems in the wild,
但它们还能做更多的事吗 but are they capable of more?
这位是加州的森塔·克鲁斯 Here in Santa Cruz, California,
它已经被科学家惊喜地发现 one animal is surprising scientists
它掌握了原本只有 by mastering skills you'd expect
人类孩子才可能掌握的技巧 to find only in human children.
看看谁来啦 You see who's here?
这就是罗南 将给我们表演的小海狮 This is Ronan - a sea lion pup who's about to play a game.
我们会给她看两张照片 She'll be shown two pictures.
选对就会得到一条鱼当奖励 Choosing the correct one wins her a fish.
但是此时 她还不知道规则 But at this stage, she doesn't know the rules.
开始吧 OK, here we go.
她选了卡车 She's gone for the truck.
第一次选对了 但是规则是什么呢 Right first time, but what's the rule?
是选择卡车 还是仅仅是左边的图片 Go for the truck, or the picture that's always on the left?
现在开始有趣了 This is where it gets interesting.
她需要自己实验并犯错 She needs to use trial and error
然后根据记忆进行选择 and memory to work out a winning strategy.
罗南不太开心 Ronan's not happy.
如果从来没有人跟你说过一个游戏的规则 How are you supposed to know the rules of the game
你要怎么知道呢 if nobody tells you the rules to start with?
这就是罗南现在面临的困难 This is what Ronan's battling with here.
她需要自己发现规则 She has to figure out the rules by herself.
我觉得应该一直选卡车 I think it was supposed to be stick with the truck.
你行的 加油 You can do it Ronan, come on.
好的 好的 Ok, ok.
好的 好姑娘 Yes, good girl!
继续 Come on.
她懂了 她明白了 Oh, she's go it. She's got it.
罗南在用她的智力解决人类孩童的难题 Ronan's using her intelligence to solve child-like puzzles
这些题目她在大自然不会遇到 she'd never encounter in the wild.
这里的另外一头海狮也用相同的技能 And another sea lion here is using the same skills
在掌握更高深的本领 to master something far more advanced.
基本数字和整个字母表 Basic numbers and the entire alphabet.
这就是里奥 This is Rio.
十七年里 她一直在给科学家们惊喜 She's been surprising scientists for 17 years.
里奥 Rio!
一个小游戏就能检验她的知识面 And a simple game can put her knowledge to the test.
这就是她的任务 This is her task.
中间的小窗口滑开 显示一个符号 A central door slides up, revealing a symbol.
里奥要判断这是数字还是字母 Rio has to decide whether it's a number or a letter.
下面 将会显示两个符号 Seconds later, two new symbols are revealed.
哪个和中间格子的内容相符 Which one matches the centre one?
里奥必须回忆出她学过的 Rio has to run through every symbol
所有数字和字母 she's learned through trial and error,
从而找到相配的格子 to find a mental match.
她能做到吗 Can she do it?
当然没问题 Of course she can.
这对我们来说很简单 This looks easy to us,
但是请记得 里奥只是海狮 but remember, Rio is a sea lion.
这可比罗南的任务高级得多 This is much more advanced than Ronan's task,
因为正确答案并不是一种单一符号 because the right answer isn't a particular symbol.
而是26个字母或10个数字中任意一个 It could be any one of 26 letters or 10 numbers.
而其中最让我着迷的是 What I found most fascinating about all of this is
里奥需得学多少东西才能到这一步 how much Rio had to learn to even get to this stage.
她得学会每组的 She had to learn all these arbitrary symbols,
所有符号 which belonged in certain groups.
字母是一组 数字是另一组 Letters together, numbers together,
这些对人类来说是显而易见的 things that we take for granted.
她得回想起以前学的所有内容 She has to call upon all the things she's learned before,
然后在新任务中将这些重组 and then recombine that learning in a novel task.
她得思考 She has to think about it.
只有通过对里奥进行教育才能发现 It was only by educating Rio that scientists revealed
她不仅仅是只学会耍小把戏的动物 she was more than a trained animal performing tricks.
她只是海狮 但它学会的任务 Here was a sea lion that could do something
人类四岁的小孩都不一定能掌握 that would tax a four-year-old child.
假使给足时间 动物们能学会什么呢 Given enough time, what else could animals learn?
科学家艾琳·佩帕博格花了25年时间 Irene Pepperberg is a scientist who spent 25 years
训练一种动物 teaching just one animal.
鹦鹉乐园 鸟类天堂
感谢你们邀请我来这里 Well, thank you so much for having me here
也感谢你们对基金会的支持 and thank you for being here to support the foundation.
她揭示出动物不仅能学会字母和数字 She's revealed that animals can learn more than letters and numbers.
还能学会很多人类儿童能够掌握的技能 And are capable of many skills we see in human children.
为了证实如此重要的观点 To prove an idea this big,
艾琳与另一种备受推崇的物种通力合作 Irene collaborated with another highly-respected mind.
某种意义上 大概过了25年这个坎 It was after about that sort of 25-year mark in a sense
他开始能够理顺一切 that he had really begun to put everything together.
这会儿他却死了 And then he died.
他的死对科学界来说是一大损失 His death was a loss to science,
全世界报纸都以此为头条新闻 and made headlines around the world.
《纽约时报》刊登了三篇文章 Three articles in the New York Times,
《经济学人》刊登了一则讣闻 an obituary in the Economist.
这可不是小事 This is, this is not something small.
讣告
毫无疑问她的研究搭档非常特别 There's no doubt that her research partner was special.
但他是只鹦鹉 But he was also a parrot.
名叫亚历克斯 Alex.
我们很难查明动物们都知道些什么 It's hard to find out what animals know.
但艾琳教会了亚历克斯说话 她可以问他 But because Irene taught Alex to talk, she could ask him.
这是什么物质 What matter?
纸 Paper.
-纸 好孩子 答对了 -要果果 - Paper, good boy, that's right. - Want a nut.
亚历克斯是只不仅仅能机械模仿的鹦鹉 Alex was a parrot capable of much more than parroting.
-毛线 -毛线 好孩子 - Wool. - Wool. Very good boy.
亚历克斯改变了我们对动物智慧的想法 Alex changed the way we think about animal intelligence,
但是正因为艾琳一直在教它 but it was only through teaching him
她才能向大家展示他的本领 that Irene could reveal exactly what he was capable of.
我来是为了见见艾琳最新的学生 I've come here to meet Irene's latest pupil,
他也是亚历克斯的门徒 格里芬 and Alex's protege, Griffin.
你好啊 格里芬 Hello, Griffin.
好鹦鹉 Good parrot.
我想看看艾琳是怎么教他的 And I want to find out how Irene teaches him,
而他都学会了什么 and what he knows.
听着 这是什么 So it's, listen.
几下 How many?
五 Five!
五 说对了 你听到了五下 Five. That's right, you get a five.
艾琳教鹦鹉跟教幼儿的方式一样 Irene teaches parrots, in the same way you'd teach toddlers.
五下 Five.
-是的 五下 -这是五下 - Yes, five! - Five.
以一种难以置信的激情重复每件事情 Repeat everything, with a ridiculous amount of enthusiasm.
但这种方法管用 But it works.
大多数时候管用 Most of the time.
是时候看看格里芬都知道些什么 It was time to find out what Griffin knew.
他可以辨别物品 He can identify objects.
-什么物质 -岩石 岩石 - What matter? - Rock, rock.
岩石
岩石 答对了 好孩子 Rock, that's right. Good boy.
它们的成分 What they're made of.
羊毛 羊毛 Wool, wool.
羊毛
好孩子 Good birdie.
-还有形状 -格里芬 什么形状 - Their shape. - Griffin, what shape?
四角形 四角形 Corner, corner, corner.
四角形
回答正确 That's right.
还有它们的颜色 And their colour.
黄色
Yellow.
没错 这是什么颜色 格里芬 Yes, what colour, Griffin?
绿色
-绿色 -对啦 - Green. - Yes!
-橙色 -正确 - Orange. - Yes.
橙色
他知道数字 He knows his numbers.
这是几 How many?
一个 One.
太棒了 Awesome.
它还能告诉你这个的发音 He might tell you what sound this is.
-问他这个读什么 -真的吗 - Ask him what sound. - Really?
他还学着辨别字母 He's also learning to identify letters.
这个读什么 格里芬 读什么 What sound, Griffin? What sound?
还能读出来 And to sound them out.
S Ssss.
回答正确 That's right.
要果果 Nut.
好 可以再给你一个坚果 Yes, you can have another nut, OK.
好的教育 A good education
能够发掘人和鹦鹉的最大潜力 brings out the best in both people and parrots.
教动物们与人类交流能够告诉我们 Teaching animals to communicate with us can tell us
如此多关于动物思维的内在运作 so much about the inner workings of their minds.
很明显 这些动物能够独立思考 And it's very clear that these animals can think for themselves.
但如果没有艾琳对这份工作的热情 But we would never have known that
和她教鹦鹉学习的方式 had it not been for the dedication of Irene
我们永远都认识不了这些天才鹦鹉 and how she taught these parrots.
格里芬的确学会很多 但亚历克斯更棒 Griffin has learned a lot, but Alex really excelled.
这是什么 And what's this?
钥匙 Key.
是钥匙 发音清楚点 钥匙 Key is right. Say better. Key.
棒鹦鹉 Good parrot.
格里芬能做到的他都能做 甚至更多 He could do everything Griffin does, and much more.
他不仅能够说出物品的名字 He didn't just describe objects,
还能理解相同和不同这两种概念 but he understood concepts like same and different.
告诉我有什么不同 Tell me what's different?
颜色 Colour.
棒鹦鹉 回答正确 Good parrot. You're right.
颜色不同 Different colour.
很好 现在看看它们 告诉我 All right now, look, tell me,
哪种颜色的钥匙更大 what colour bigger? What colour bigger?
绿色 Green.
绿色 好孩子 Green. Good boy.
告诉我有多少个黄色的毛线 Tell me how many yellow wool?
他得非常刻苦地学习 And he had to study very hard,
才能回答更复杂的问题 so he could answer more complex questions.
再试试 Try again.
两个 Two.
两个黄线球 非常棒 Two yellow wool. Very good.
那有几个绿方块呢 Now how many green block?
你能说出有几个黄线球真厉害 Very good telling me the yellow wool.
有几个绿方块呢 Now how many green block?
-四个 -真棒 - Four. - Good boy!
这不是训练好的把戏 This was no trick.
亚历克斯是一只能使用人类语言 Alex was a bird that could use human language
回答学前班孩子无法回答的问题的小鸟 to answer questions that would stump a pre-school child.
但极限在哪里 But what's the limit?
在智能测试中 Could an animal ever beat a human adult
动物能表现得比成年人优秀吗 in an intelligence test?
这似乎是种不可能的想法 This notion might seem impossible,
但在近五十年中 but in the last 50 years,
我们发现了动物头脑中 we've discovered a lot of impossible things
许多不可能的事 going on in animal minds.
它们使用工具 They use tools,
使用灵光一现的灵感解决问题 solve problems with a flash of inspiration,
它们还能提前计划 and they plan ahead.
它们像我们人类一样 They learn like us
利用空闲时间和学习热情学习 by finding the time and enthusiasm
以揭露世界的运行规律 to discover how the world works.
通过超强的记忆力 And by having an incredible memory
将经验转化为知识 to turn those experiences into knowledge.
他们甚至很富有创造性 They can even get creative
能学会那些我们教给孩子的知识 and learn things we teach our own children.
但是在智能测试中比我们优秀 But beating us in an intelligence test?
我认为这是不可能的 I didn't think that was possible.
直到我来到了日本 Until I came to Japan.
在本片开头 At the start of the programme
我们见到了一只很特别的黑猩猩 小步 we met a very special chimp called Ayumu.
它能在不到半秒的时间里 He can remember the position of nine numbers
记住九个数字的位置 in less than half a second.
但它怎么会这么聪明呢 But how did he get to be so smart?
小步来自一个很聪明的猿类家族 Ayumu comes from a long line of intelligent apes.
还有一名十分出色的老师 And has a fantastic teacher.
松泽教授已经和小步妈妈艾艾 Professor Matsuzawa has worked with Ai, Ayumu's mother,
相处三十年了 for over 30 years.
他们共同发起了这项独创性的研究 Together they started this ground-breaking research.
教授教会了猩妈妈和猩儿子 The professor has taught mother and son
表达颜色的日文 the Japanese symbols for colour,
以及非常简单的基本数学 and the very beginnings of basic maths.
但是艾艾的儿子小步 But it's Ai's son Ayumu,
才是真正的天才 that's turned out to be the real genius,
特别是在数字和记忆力方面 especially when it comes to numbers and memory.
但是它能比成年人更优秀吗 But could he beat an adult human?
我从不会对挑战说不 I've never been one to turn down a challenge so,
所以我也准备接受同样的智能测试 I'm going to try the very same intelligence test.
我将正面挑战小步 I'm going head-to-head with Ayumu.
人类对抗猩猩 Human mind against chimp mind.
能有多难呢 How hard could it be?
一旦我接触这个小圈圈 All I've got now once I press that little circle
我只有0.43秒 is 0.43 of a second
赶紧得记住他们的位置 to remember where exactly the numbers are
然后这组数字就会被方块盖住 before they disappear behind squares.
这会很有趣的 Yeah...this should be interesting.
啥也别想 放松 别紧张 Think about nothing, relax, don't focus.
这些数字只会显示不到半秒钟 These numbers are being displayed for less than half a second.
这些时间只够我扫过屏幕 That's barely enough time for my eyes to scan the screen.
记住五个数字就够难了 Remembering five numbers was hard enough,
而且这还只是入门级 but this is entry-level stuff.
现在开始更有趣的体验吧 OK, so now for an even more interesting experience.
我要做的事情和这一样 I'm going to try and do exactly the same thing,
但是不止五个数字 而是九个 but there won't be five numbers, but nine numbers.
在同样的时间里 Almost twice the numbers
要记住几乎两倍的数字量 to remember in the same amount of time.
十次尝试 我只对了一次 In ten attempts I got one right.
这实在是孤注一掷 It was all or nothing.
我让教授按照小步能做到的水平测试我 I asked the Professor to test me to Ayumu's level.
为什么这天才猩猩就能做到呢 What was this chimp genius meant to be capable of?
好吧 如果这还不够困难 Right, then, as if that wasn't difficult enough
我打算尝试 I am now going to attempt
没有其他人试过的一项测试 what no other human has attempted before.
还和之前一样 The same test,
只是数字只闪现0.06秒 except that the numbers only flash up for 0.06 of a second.
60毫秒 60 milliseconds.
我肩负着 The entire reputation of the human race
捍卫人类声誉的使命 rests on my shoulders right now.
开始 Here goes.
搞笑呢吧 You've got to be kidding.
这不可能啊 This is unbelievable.
数字只出现了一小下 They flash up for such a short amount of time
我连一个都没记住 I can't even register one single number.
太疯狂了 This is bonkers.
完全没看到 No idea.
是时候见见大师了 It was time to meet the master.
它真能够完成超越人类的智力测试吗 Was he really capable of a mental feat that humans find impossible?
60毫秒 60 milliseconds.
这时间用来眨眼睛都不够 That's not even the blink of an eye.
但小步把数字全记住了 But Ayumu takes it all in.
当首次发现此项技能时 When this skill was first discovered
一些科学家认为这仅限于实践 some scientists said that it was down to practice.
但他们的理论被被批判得体无完肤 But that theory has been completely blown out of the water,
即当你意识到数字闪现的 when you consider how short a time
时间有多短的时候 those numbers are flashed up for.
这完全不可能做到 It's impossible to do it,
怎么练习都不可能做得好的 never mind get better at it with practice,
这只能显示出小步的这项技能多么特别 which just goes to show how special this skill is in Ayumu.
太不可思议了 Now that is incredible.
小步 接受我们的赞美吧 Take a bow, Ayumu.
你真可谓是动物界的爱因斯坦 You are a true animal Einstein.
我们见过许多卓越的动物大脑 We've met some incredible animal minds.
但和以下的大挑战相比 But all that's child's play,
那些都只是小孩玩的过家家 compared to one huge challenge that remains.
即学会如何与地球上的每种动物相处 Learning how to deal with every other animal on the planet.
下集节目中 Next time,
我们将探寻大脑为什么能在社会世界发展 we'll discover why it takes brains to thrive in the social world.
动物间存在欺骗吗 它们有感觉吗 Can animals deceive others? Do they have feelings?
我们是否有可能 And is it possible for us
与其他物种进行实际交谈 to have an actual conversation with another species?
他想追你 挠你痒痒 He wants to chase and tickle with you now.
我也想追你 挠你痒痒 I want to chase and tickle with you too!
下集 我们将认识蝎子学校的猫鼬老师 Next time, we meet meerkat teachers in scorpion school.
与海中巨人相处 Spend time with emotional ocean giants.
对小狗猎猎发起挑战 And challenge Chaser.
爱因斯坦 Einstein.
一条懂得一千多个单词的小狗 A dog that knows over a thousand words.